Emerging Technologies and Processes to Spur Lower … Technologies and Processes to Spur Lower...

Emerging Technologies and Processes to Spur Lower Carbon

Trucks and Goods Movement

Clean Transportation Technologies and Solutions SM

Bill Van AmburgSenior Vice President

Future of Trucking Symposium

Winnipeg, Manitoba

February 18, 2010

Copyright CALSTART 2010 2

Agenda

• CALSTART Background

• Drivers of Change in Trucking

• Status of Advanced Technology for Trucks

• HTUF Process Commercializing Hybrids and High Efficiency Trucks

• Implications for Speeding Future Low Carbon Truck Pathways


CALSTART

CALSTART is a unique non-profit, member-supported clean transportation organization. •Based in California; projects in North America; members

internationally.

Founded: 1992 as a public-private partnership to launch and grow a clean transportation industry.

Mission: via programs and services, supporting and expanding the growth of a clean transportation technologies industry that will:

• Create high-quality jobs;

• Clean the air;

• Reduce dependence on foreign oil; and

• Reduce global warming emissions


CALSTART Has Broad Industry/Public

Sector Support (partial list)

http://www.itri.org.tw/index.html

F:/

http://www.aqmd.gov/

http://www.energy.ca.gov/index.html

http://www.pge.com/

http://www.ladwp.com/ladwp/homepage.jsp

http://www.anheuser-busch.com/

http://www.eaton.com/EatonCom/index.htm

http://www.hydrogenics.com/default.asp

http://www.maxwell.com/index.asp

http://www.utcpower.com/

http://www.valeo.com/automotive-supplier/Jahia/pid/2

http://www.alcoa.com/global/en/home.asp

http://www.avl.com/wo/webobsession.servlet.go/encoded/YXBwPWJjbXMmcGFnZT12aWV3Jm5vZGVpZD00MDAwMTI5NzU_3D.html

http://www.boschrexroth.com/corporate/index.jsp

http://www.litens.com/main.cfm

http://www.quallion.com/index.asp

http://www.pseg.com/index.jsp

http://www.vectrix.com/Portal/1/Language/47/Page/1/Home.aspx

http://www.wm.com/index.asp

http://www.parker.com/indexv4.asp

http://www.celltechmetals.com/

http://www.mcicoach.com/index.htm

http://www.cobasys.com/

http://www.emp-corp.com/

http://www.sce.com/sc3/

http://www.girvan.org/index.php

http://www.avinc.com/

http://www.faurecia.com/


CALSTART: A Strategic Broker for Advanced Transportation

National and International in Project Areas

2010130+ Worldwide Member and

Participant Network

3 Offices in US

Four focus areas:

Tech Commercialization

Fleet, Port Consulting

Industry Services

Policy Development


Integrated Solutions

Air Quality

Climate ChangeEnergy Security

We must find solutions that

address all three

competing needs

Integrated Solutions Needed

There is no one

“Silver

Bullet”

solution


Trends & Drivers of Change

• ENERGY SECURITY: FUEL SUPPLY AND COSTS –Traditional fuel supplies/refining capacity barely meeting current demand

– The need for biofuels is increasing but so are questions about their impacts/benefits

– RFS2 rules at federal level – Biofuels grow as fuel blends; 2nd gen biofuels emerging

– Rise of non-traditional hydrocarbons possible – but have serious impacts

– Regional fuel variation and choice becoming more prevalent

– Alternatives becoming economically competitive with petroleum but have own costs

• GLOBAL WARMING – Push to reduce GHGs intensifying and pushing fuel economy – focus and urgency increasing

– EPA now says GHG is a health danger – can regulate under clean air act

– California CO2 tailpipe rules approved by new EPA

– CAFÉ revised to match CA CO2 rules: CAFÉ for med & heavy trucks being developed

– States/communities remain GHG leaders – Calif AB 32 increases momentum

– Energy efficiency reduces GHG impact; Fuel switching and blending reduces GHG impact; Modal split (transit and rail) has long term role

• EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS – World population increasingly urban and world emission standards increasingly move to CA/Euro standards

– EU and US may align in 2012-2015 timeline

– Fine particulates (nano particles) will be of increasing concern from combustion

– Diesel fuel still challenged in dirtiest regions (ports, Southern California)


New IBM Truck Study Sees Challenges,

Opportunities, Need for Rapid Change

• Unveiled its Truck 2020: Transcending Turbulencereport at HTUF 2009

• Signaled transition of truck industry to high-tech industry

• Need to invest now in new technology (hybridization, telematics); form partnerships and new supply chain; add new skills to work force, leadership

IBM Vice President, Global

Automotive Sanjay Rishi

presents Truck 2020

findings


Truck World is Changing

• Significant improvement in emissions via 2010 rules – but big increase in cost– Has engaged bulk of truck maker engineering talent

– Fuel economy on back burner in this period

• Large new push to improve fuel efficiency because of fuel price shocks (but without increasing emissions)– Truck fuel economy standards coming in US by 2016

• Carbon (global warming) emissions of rising importance because of large fuel use in trucks – One efficient truck can cut 24X more fuel than a car

– US EPA close to issuing carbon tailpipe limits for trucks

• Ports and key regions (example: California) driving force for rapidly upgrading trucks (on emissions but not efficiency!)

• Has led to a blossoming of new lower-emitting, higher-efficiency technology and fuels – some entering early production NOW

HTUF 2009:

EXPANSION OF ADVANCED TRUCKS

HTUF 2009


Hybrid Vehicles – A First Step

• A hybrid uses more than one source of stored

energy to drive and do work

• Can add significant efficiency to vehicle

performance

– Very good in driving cycles with stop and go,

delivery, high idling times

• Several hybrid versions

– hybrid electric (batteries)

– hybrid hydraulic (hydraulic pressure accumulators)

– Plug-in hybrids have larger batteries, can partially

recharge off electric grid


Benefits of Hybrid Truck Technology

to U.S. and Canada

• Hybridization provides

significant immediate benefits– ENERGY SECURITY: Reduced fuel

consumption (30-50%)

– EMISSIONS/CLIMATE: Reduced

criteria (NOx) and GHG emissions

(10-60%)

• One of few strategies to improve

on 2010 emissions reductions

– ECONOMY: North American

leadership in technology,

manufacturing

Fuel consumption reduction from HTUF field testing data

Reductions come just from

hybrid system, no additional

after-treatment

CO2 reductions closely

tracked fuel reduction

percentages

Emissions/fuel reduction from HTUF dyno testing data performed at SwRI


Industry Transformation: Hybrid Trucks

Now Entering Market

DevelopmentPre-Production

Production IntentEarly Production

Test prototypes

and systems

Field pilot

assessments

(10-50 vehicles)

Assembly line

builds up to 100+

Initial commercial

volumes – still high

incremental cost

TO

OL

S:

R&D Support

Pre-Production Deployment Support (HTUF)

Purchase Incentives

10 years behind cars but industry is real, momentum growing – 8 years ago there

were no hybrid trucks before CALSTART’s HTUF process


Regional Heavy and Line Haul

Advanced Trucks

• Kenworth, Peterbilt, Navistar and Freightliner all have Class 8 regional haul hybrid tractors

– All developing next generation advanced Class 8 – including electric and hybrid configurations

• Mack showcased advanced hybrid line haul Class 8 (full 80,000 lb GVWR); next stages add more electrification; Peterbilt has several in demonstration


Hybrid Tractors Emerging for Regional

Heavy Applications

• Kenworth unveils Class 7/8 hybrid tractor: 54,500 lbs GCVW

• Peterbilt has similar model –also continuing to test larger Class 8 heavy-duty OTR tractor

• Navistar unveils Class 7/8 hybrid tractor targeting beverage trailer applications

• Freightliner announces will pilot build a hybrid tractor Dec 08

Above: Kenworth Class 8 tractor;

Below: Navistar Class 7/8 tractor

Left: Freightliner Class 7/8 tractor pilot; right, Peterbilt

Class 7/8 tractor


Wal-Mart Class 8 Demo

• ArvinMeritor – Navistar deliver unique dual-mode hybrid design for testing

• Electric drive at lower speeds (up to 48 mph), blended mode at higher speeds

• Can greatly reduce fuel use, cut idle and give zero emission at ports, urban driving

• Wal-Mart testing this truck and several Peterbilt-Eaton trucks in line-haul and regional heavy haul applications

• Wal-Mart committed to doubling its fleet fuel efficiency by 2015

•


Hydraulic Hybrids Coming of Age

• Several pre-production and near production models shown: Eaton, Bosch Rexroth, Parker

• Parallel and Series architecture

• FCCC – Parker series parcel strip chassis showed impressive integration, potential fuel savings


All Electric Drive Trucks Emerging

• Oshkosh HEMMT military heavy transport and support truck

– Series hybrid electric drive system with ultracap energy buffer

• Capacity “PHETT”– Plug-in, series hybrid design

• Balqon all-electric port trucks– Up to 40-60 miles range

• Freightliner Custom Chassis and Enova electric parcel truck (in testing)

• Smith “Newton” electric truck (in early production)

• Navistar/Modec electric truck (in early production Q1 2010)


Hybrid Medium Duty Trucks Expand

to Both New & Heavier Applications

• Navistar extends weight class from 23,500 to 37,000 lbs (into Class 8 range)– 6 engine horsepower/ torque

combinations

– Showcases hybrids for tree-trimming, wrecker, dump, crane and beverage

• Peterbilt adds dump truck variant to cargo and utility body

• Freightliner shows M2 delivery and beverage bodies, new bus and RV platforms

• Posi Plus shows tandem axle utility truck to 40,000 lbs


Plug in Hybrid Trucks Emerge:

Several Utility Industry Variants

• Commercial work trucks show potential for PHEV functionality before cars

• Extra energy storage boosts idle reduction/work site engine-off ops

• Diesel fuel costs cause rapid review of potential business case– Energy Storage costs still high

• Dueco-Odyne first into market– Plug-in hybrid utility bucket trucks

– PHEV “digger-derrick” version 6/08, a higher power-demand work truck

– Trucks carry 35 kwh of energy storage (lead-acid, 3000 pounds) for long work site ops

– PHEV underground compressor truck

• Eaton has two prototypes– Class 6/7 variant based on production

truck, system

– Class 5 “Superduty” prototype with EPRI

Dueco-Odyne plug-

in “material

handler” (above),

“digger-derrick”

(middle),

compressor truck

(bottom).

Plug-in port

Eaton PHEV

utility trucks


Expanding Choice of Natural Gas

Engines, Trucks

• CARB/EPA certified Westport’s

High Pressure Direct Injection

(HPDI) NG technology for

Cummins heavy-duty engine

• Kenworth expands to LNG

vehicles with T800 LBG trucks

• Freightliner producing CNG

version of its Business Class M2

• Mack brings natural gas refuse

truck back to market


Renewable Natural Gas – Lowest

Carbon Fuel

• Trucks driving on natural gas produced from dairy manureoperating in San Joaquin Valley

• Process produces and refines manure biogas to “biomethane” – essentially renewable (green) natural gas

• Very low in overall carbon emissions

• Natural gas-hybrids becoming possible

Dairy partners – Hilarides Dairy, Hilmar Cheese


Adjusted Carbon Intensity Values for

Diesel & Substitutes

Fuel Pathway Direct ILUC EER Total

Diesel (1 pathway: average ULSD) 94.71 0 1 94.71

Compressed Natural Gas (CA and N.

American, compressed in CA)

67.70 –

68.0

0 0.9 75.22 –

75.56

Compressed Natural Gas (landfill gas,

or biomethane)

11.26 0 0.9 12.51

Electricity (2 pathways – CA average

and renewable mix)

104.70 -

124.10

0 2.7 38.78 –

45.96

Hydrogen (4 pathways – liquid &

compressed, various feedstocks)

76.10 –

142.20

0 1.9 40.05 –

70.84

Carbon intensity values are measured in grams CO2e/MJ

10 pathways completed


Hybrid Truck

Users Forum (HTUF)

• User-driven process to commercialize medium- and heavy-duty hybrid trucks

• Joint CALSTART-U.S. Armyprogram (RDECOM-TARDEC-NAC)– Also supported by Hewlett Foundation,

support from DOE, DOT

• HTUF focuses on commercializing hybrid trucks with dual-usebenefits – Speed commercialization and reduce

overall costs by creating common fleet requirements, joint purchase commitments, increasing volumes

All Major Truck Makers and

System Suppliers involved (partial list)

../

http://www.maxwell.com/index.asp

http://www.emp-corp.com/

http://www.litens.com/main.cfm

http://www.cobasys.com/

http://www.avinc.com/

80/120 attendee 172 attendees 250 attendees 275 attendees 330 attendees 430 attendees 550 attendees 550 attendees

3/5 hybrid ride & drive 7 hybrid ride & drive 14 hybrid ride & drive 13 hybrid ride & drive 14 hybrid ride & drive 19 hybrid ride & drive 36 hybrid ride & drive 30 vehicles

HTUF Actions Lead

Hybrid Industry Progress

2002

No major truck

makers

involved in

commercial

hybrids – OEMs

skeptical

Military hybrid

demos: HMMWV

and FMTV

First HTUF

Working Group

launches (utility)

First HTUF

Forums:

Allison hosts 1;

Enova/EVS 2

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Indianapolis

Forum 1

Chattanooga

Forum 2

San Antonio

Forum 3

Kalamazoo

Forum 4

Toledo

Forum 5San Diego

Forum 6

Seattle

Forum 7

So. Bend

Forum 8

2008 2009

Atlanta

Forum 9

Hybrid transit

buses grow in

market

FedEx

hybrids

testing

Parcel &

beverage

working

groups launch

Utility WG

agrees to

common

KPPs

SwRI and

Stewart &

Stevenson

host HTUF

Forum 3

OEM interest

growing – first

FedEx trucks

delivered

Utility WG

issues and

awards 24

hybrid truck

RFP

Utility hybrid

“validation”

truck

delivered

Eaton and

International

host HTUF

Forum 4

Hydraulic

hybrid

development

expands

FTTS

underway

EPA test

protocol started

Validation

testing of utility

hybrid shows

significant fuel

savings

Refuse , bus

working groups

launch

Dana hosts

HTUF Forum 5

Peterbilt and

Freightliner

unveil pre-

production

hybrids

First Class 8

hybrid data

Oshkosh

prototype

refuse truck

24 utility

hybrids

deployed with

fleets

Positive

results leads

to orders for

100 more

ISE & Siemens

host HTUF

Forum 6 – all

truck makers

attend

First plug in

utility truck

100 utility

hybrids in

delivery –

International

begins

commercial

production

Refuse &

parcel groups

select suppliers

pre-production

Class 8 and

incentives

working groups

Paccar

(Kenworth/

Peterbilt) host

HTUF Forum 7

Peterbilt,

Kenworth,

Freightliner

and Azure

enter low-

volume

commercial

hybrid

production

6 working

groups active

Construction

Equip Forum

launches

Bosch

Rexroth hosts

HTUF Forum

8

1,500+

coml.

hybrid

trucks

ordered or

delivered –

all truck

makers

active

Calif.

approves

hybrid

incentives

Hybrid on

Hill event

Refuse WG

testing HEV

and HHV

Bus WG

selects

supplier

Southern

Company

(user) hosts

HTUF

Forum 9

Ind

ustr

y S

tatu

sH

TU

F A

cti

vit

ies


HTUF Working Groups Today

• 6 Core Working Groups of fleet truck users now operating, plus:

– 1 new Forum: Construction equip

– 1 Task Force: Plug-in HE Trucks (PHET)

• Main Working Groups:– Utility/Telco trucks – George Survant, Florida Power

& Light, user lead

– Parcel Delivery trucks – Jerry Swart, FedEx Ground; Robert Hall, UPS – user leads

– Refuse Truck Working Group – Matt Stewart, City of Chicago Sanitation, user lead

– Bus Working Group – Tony Bryant, Tri-Met, user lead (launched with support of Federal Transit Administration)

– Class 8 Working Group – active

– Incentives Working Group – active – exploring industry funding to support


HTUF Forums & WGs: A Market

Development & Transformation Process

• HTUF Forums are North America’s primary hybrid and high efficiency truck industry meetings

• The HTUF process has sped market introduction by 2-5 years (5 years according to fleets)

• The Forums uniquely bring together the full range of key stakeholders in one place:

– fleet vehicle users (commercial and military)

– vehicle manufacturers

– suppliers and technology developers

– regulators

– researchers

– NGOs

• The Forums provide the clearest window on industry status and reality; technology developments; field-test data and real-world performance evaluations; hands-on experience via ride-and-drives; and developing the action agenda for the industry.


Hybrid Trucks: at “Tipping Point” but

Need Help to Speed Early Market

• Hybrid truck production volumes are still too low in early

market to realize price reductions

– Current payback period too long even with big fuel/maintenance

savings

• However: modest volumes can move prices to within

business cases needs: Need 3,000 - 5,000 unit sales/year

– Incentives can provide big kick-start to this number by

helping drive volume up in targeted effort

• Federal, state level

• Need correct incentives to bridge gap between

today’s price and prices at higher volumes

– Federal tax credits well-intentioned but not best tool for commercial

fleets: too low, doesn’t help most fleets

Hybrids moving from development to production


Incentives to Move the Market

• www.californiahvip.org


• Program recommended by CALSTART and HTUF – based on what needed to change purchase decision for fleet, speed market

• CARB staff crafted extremely simple program – incentives target half the incremental cost of today’s hybrids

• $19.4M invested for year 1 – CALSTART managing

• TO DATE: more than $8.6M in vouchers requested for roughly 300 hybrid trucks and buses (just two weeks of operation!)– Bulk of vehicles to date Class 8a hybrid tractors!

Hybrid Truck & Bus Voucher

Incentive Program (HVIP)


Proposed Hybrid Truck Tax Credits

Levin Bill (HR 3367)

Extends Credit for Five Years and Doubles Credit Amounts

Vehicle Weight Demonstrated Fuel Economy Gain

Max Credit for a Fuel Efficiency Increase of:

20% 30% 40% 50%

8,500 - 14,000 lb n/a $3,000 $4,500 $6,000

14,001 - 26,000 lb n/a $6,000 $9,000 $12,000

26,000 - 33,000 lb n/a $12,000 $18,000 $24,000

>33,000 lb $10,000 $20,000 $24,000 $24,000

*Maximum allowable qualified incremental cost [Sec. 30B(d)(2)(B)(iii) as modified]:8,501 – 14,000 lb $15,00014,001 – 26,000 lb $30,00026,001 – 33,000 lb $60,00033,001 lb and above $100,000

*Credit amounts allowed for efficiency increases [Sec. 30B(d)(2)(B)(ii) as modified]:A 20% fuel economy increase can apply for 10% of qualified incremental cost (>33K lb only)A 30% fuel economy increase can apply for 20% of qualified incremental costA 40% fuel economy increase can apply for 30% of qualified incremental costA 50% fuel economy increase can apply for 40% of qualified incremental cost

Deployment, Testing

& Production Ramp-up

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Early

Production:

500+ Truck

Deploy

Launches

Commercial

Phase

Testing

Evaluation

Validation

First Commercial Volumes

Capabilities Enhancement

4+ hybrid system

suppliers each at

min. 2500

system/year

volumes

6 truck/ chassis

OEMs active

Industry volume

20k hybrids/year

Technology Enhancement

Increased Truck Volume Refuse Hybrid Segment

Increased Truck Volume Shuttle Hybrid Segment

Increased Truck Volume Delivery Hybrid Segments

Increased Truck Volume Industrial Hybrid Segment

Increased Truck Volume Utility 5-7 Hybrid SegmentCo

mm

erc

ial

Veh

icle

sM

ilit

ary

Be

ne

fits

Outcomes:

Coml. Field Data Support FTTS/TWV Hybrid Decisions

Grow Experience, Volumes for Non-Tactical Base Hybrids

Coml. Industry capabilities support Mil Needs 40-50% fuel use

reductions per

vehicle

Increased

capabilities of

silent watch,

power gen

Increased Truck Volume Class 8 Hybrid Segment

Where Do We Go Next?

Hybrids & High Efficiency Trucks

CALSTART launching “CalHEAT” to address


California Hybrid, Efficient and Advanced

Truck (CalHEAT) Research Center

• Help drive medium- and heavy-duty technology products to market that meet and exceed California climate and petroleum reduction goals

• Assist the nation meet needs for more efficient, reduced carbon medium and heavy-duty transport

• Help create economic activity in California through focused technology development and market initiatives

• Help improve the efficiency and reduce the impacts of goods movement in Southern California, and by extension California and North America

CalHEAT Goals


Future Pressures: I-710 Zero-

Emission Freight Corridor Example

• Major corridor serving LA/Long Beach ports being expanded –developing freight-only lanes

• Community concerned about increasing emissions, health impacts – desire no emissions increase

• CALSTART and LA Co. Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) exploring needs, process to develop zero-emission corridor over next 10 years

From: California Marine and Intermodal Transportation System Advisory Council (CALMITSAC)


DevelopmentPre-Production

Production IntentEarly Production

Test prototypes

and systems

Field pilot

assessments

(10-50 vehicles)

Assembly line

builds up to 100+

Initial commercial

volumes – still high

incremental cost

TO

OL

S:

R&D Support

Pre-Production Deployment Support

Purchase Incentives

What is Needed to Speed Market

Transformation for Advanced HDVs?

Early

Production

Deployments (buy downs)

Working Group

Assessments(pre-production)

Tech Develop

& Demonstrate

Research &

Development

Commercialization “Continuum” – the Steps to Commercialization

CalHEAT Research

Center (PIER)

-Research to develop next

generation trucks; pipeline for

future AB 118 projects

HTUF Program w/ Army-NAC-National/state level actions

commercializing hybrid and

advanced trucks

CARB HVIP-$20M


What’s Needed to Transition Trucks?

• Multi-year, coordinated plan; aligned investments, requirements, incentives and policies

• Need coordinated approach for commercialization– Support R&D consistently

– Deploy, assess and validate pre-production vehicles and share info

– Incentivize the business case in the early years

• Market “pull” critical– Focus on leading-edge User Needs – build support

to pull product through


Meet us in St Louis!

March 9-10, 2010

CALSTART-NTEA joint

clean vehicle and fuels event for 2010

• ATTEND! Green Truck Summit is part of the larger Work Truck Show – the largest commercial truck show in North America – 8,000 attendees in 2009

• LEARN! 2-day Conference targets top emission, carbon and efficiency issues affecting trucks – sessions on all major fuels and technologies; policies; trends.

• PROFILE! Showcase your clean leadership – display in the CALSTART Clean tech and Fuels Pavilion; sponsor the Pavilion and Conference.

• REGISTER! www.ntea.com

• QUESTIONS? Contact Susan Romeo at: 626/744-5686 [email protected]


Detroit, MI

10

Clean Transportation Technologies and Solutions SM

www.calstart.org

For info contact:

Bill Van Amburg(626) [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Emerging Technologies and Processes to Spur Lower … Technologies and Processes to Spur Lower...

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Transcript of Emerging Technologies and Processes to Spur Lower … Technologies and Processes to Spur Lower...