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Transcript of Emergency Response in Health Sector First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12...
Emergency Response in Health Sector
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
At the end of the session, the participants will be able to:
1. Define common terminologies in emergency management
2. Relate Emergency Response in the Emergency Management Framework
3. Describe Emergency Response Operation
4. Explain the roles of the health sector in managing the risks during response operations
5. Discuss the role of the Emergency Operation Center in managing the emergency
Learning Objectives:
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Q & A
1. Define Emergency
2. Differentiate Emergency from Disaster
3. What is Emergency Response
4. What is Emergency Management
5. Define Health Sector
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency
a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources
Disaster
Actual threat to public health and safety is a threatening condition that requires urgent action
Emergency Response
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
the process of responding to any type of emergency situations that can threaten the human and safety of the public
These are dealt with differently based on the type of emergency
The main aim of emergency response is to mitigate the effect of an emergency on human life and property
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Management Framework
Disaster Impact
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Prevention
Mitigation
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency ManagementComprehensive strategy of building, utilizing and restoring capacities employed in addressing the actual threat to public health and safety
Organization and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and early recovery steps
Involves plans, structures and arrangements established to engage the normal endeavors of government, voluntary and private agencies in a comprehensive and coordinated way to respond to the whole spectrum of emergency needs.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
In Emergency Response there are two basic concerns to be addressed:
1. Managing the risks
2. Managing the incident
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
1. Managing the Risks
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
What are the Risks?
Typhoon (Hazard) Community
People Properties
Environment
Livelihood
Services
What will be the impacts or risks to the community?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
1. What are the risks?
Group the participants
Group 1: List the risks to people Group 2: List the risks to properties Group 3: List the risks to environment Group 4: List the risks to services Group 5: List the risks to livelihood
Exercise 1
Risks to people :
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
injuries like wounds, fractures, etc. drowning burns disabilities diseases psychological disorder displacement deaths
Risks to properties :
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
damaged buildings and structures damaged hospitals damaged schools damaged electric and telephone lines destroyed houses damaged transport vehicles damaged bridges damaged water sources and toilets
Risks to services :
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
disrupted health services disrupted education paralyzed transportation bogged down communication electrical brown outs or power shortage lack of water supply lack of food supply
Risks to environment :
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
poor sanitation air pollution water contamination poor sewage disposal etc.
Risks to livelihood : closure of business no work loss of job
2. Who will manage the risks?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Exercise 2 What are your response actions to manage the 5 categories of risks?
Who will be involved in the response?
The reporter must explain the roles of each listed involved persons, agencies, or organization
Risks Response Actions Responders
Q & A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
What is Health Sector?
Definition: Health Sector
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
A part of the economy dealing with health-related issues in society
a division, or a collective aspect of a geographical area, an economy or a society dealing with health-related issues
Q & A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Who are the members ofthe Health Sector in Oman?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Response Operation
Measures undertaken in responding to emergencies
Includes operationalization of appropriate emergency management systems and procedures
Emergency Response Operation involves responsibilities management structures resource and information management SOPs
ERO focus on protecting life, property, essential services delivery and the environment
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
What are the services of the Health Sector in emergencies?
Casualty management (first aid, triage, transport, pre hospital care, in-patient care, out-patient care) Communicable disease control (surveillance, tracking, treatment, prophylaxis, isolation and quarantine) Management of the dead Environmental health measures (water, sanitation, environmental pollution) Psychosocial services Health information Management of health risks (risk assessment, mitigation, communication, preparedness and response leadership)
3. How will you manage
the risks?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Scenario: A destructive flood struck City X, what are the priority activities you have to organize as a health emergency manager on the first 24 to 72 hours?Priority Activities Services Needed Concerned Agencies
Exercise 3:
Exercise :
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Scenario: A destructive flood struck City X, what are the priority activities you have to organize as a health emergency manager after the first week?
Priority Activities Services needed Concerned agencies
Exercise :
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Scenario: A destructive flood struck City X, what are the priority activities you have to organize as a health emergency manager on the after one month?
Priority Activities Services needed Concerned Agencies
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
EMERGENCY AND HEALTH
EMERGENCY
COMMUNITY
VULNERABILITIES CAPACITIES
DIRECT IMPACT
INDIRECT IMPACT
ASSOCIATED FACTORS
Climate/ weather/ time of the day
Location
Security situation
Political environment
Economic environment
Socio-cultural environment
Morality, solidarity, spirit
Competence, corruption
DAMAGE AND
NEEDS
HEALTH RESPONSE
Search and rescue
First Aid
Triage
Medical evacuation
Primary care
Disease surveillance and control
Curative care
Blood banks
Laboratories
Referral system
Special units (burn, spinal)
Evacuation centers
Shelter and Water
Food and nutrition
Energy and Security
Environmental health
Primary Health Care
Care of the dead
Psychosocial care
Disability care
Recovery and Reconstruction
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
EPIDEMIC EMERGENCIES
OUTBREAK
Specific morbidity and mortality
- in the community
- in health facilities
- in health facilities
Risk for health and lab workers
Difficult access
Agent unknown
HEALTH RESPONSE
Case definition
Admission criteria
Case confirmation
Case management
Discharge criteria
Contact tracing
Vector control
Environmental controls
Surveillance system
Referral system
Professional education
Public Information and awareness
Laboratory plans
Hospital plans
Supplies and equipment
Borders control
Quarantine
Animal culling
Commerce/ trade
NEEDS
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time
stagetime-frame
general needs health needs
immediatefirst 24 hours
search and rescueevacuation / shelterfoodwaterpublic information system
first aid
triage
primary medical care
transport / ambulances
acute medical and surgical care
emergency communication, logistics and reporting systems (including injury and disability registers)
short-term
end of first week
securityenergy (fuel, heating, light, etc.)environmental health services for:•vector control•personal hygiene•sanitation, waste disposal etc.
emergency epidemiological surveillance for Vector Born Disease, Vaccine Preventable Disease, Diseases of Epidemic Potential
control of disease of public health significance
control of acute intestinal and respiratory disease
care of the dead
general curative services
nutritional surveillance and support (including micronutrient supplementation)
measles vaccination and Vitamin A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Health Roles in Managing Risksstage
time-frame
general needs health needs
medium term
end of first
month
protection (legal and physical)employmentpublic transportpublic communicationspsychosocial services
(re) establishment of the health information system
restoration of preventive health care services such as EPI, MCH, etc.
restoration of priority disease control programmes such as TB, malaria, etc.
restoration of services of non-communicable diseases / obstetrics
care of the disabled
long term end of 3 months
educationagricultureenvironmental protection
reconstruction and rehabilitation
specific training programmes
health information campaigns / health education programmes
disability and psychosocial care
conclusion compensation / reconstruction
evaluation of lessons learned
restitution / rehabilitation
revision of policies, guidelines, procedures and plans
prevention and preparedness
upgrade knowledge and skills, change attitudes
2. Managing the Emergency Operation
Center
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Q & A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
What is an Emergency Operation Center?
What are the roles of EOC in Incident Management?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Operation Center a place, activated for the duration of an emergency,
within which personnel responsible for planning, organizing, acquiring and allocating resources and providing direction and control can focus these activities on responses to the emergency
Purpose of EOC: to provide a place to manage the health sector’s contribution to an emergency
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman 32
Roles of EOC
1. Support site (ICP): logistical support and policy direction to site-level2. Use standard functions - Protect
response personnel and resources 3. Mobilize extra resources and coordinate 4. Minimize loss of life, disability and suffering5. Protect public health6. Protect civil infrastructure, environmental and
economic assets, including property7. Reduce economic losses
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Organizational Structure
Policy
Management
CommunicationsSafety/ risk mgmt
Liaison officer
Operations Planning Logistics Administration
Supports Management and Operations
Management Support staff
Develops goals and objectives
AccomplishesGoals and objectives
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Elements are both functional and structural
Policy Management Operations Planning Logistics Administration
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Draw personnel from appropriate agency operations
Policy group: Elected officials; chief medical officers; chairs of boards or board committees; legal advisors; chief executive, operating, administrative or financial officers; senior department heads
Management: Chief executive, operating or administrative officers; emergency program coordinators or planners; communications officers; safety officers; risk managers
Operations: Division and department heads with programmatic responsibility relevant to the emergency, who can work directly with the incident manager
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Planning: program and emergency planners; analysts; subject matter experts
Logistics: staff from purchasing departments; information technology and systems support; human resources officers
Administration: financial officers, accounts and contracts processing personnel; financial analysts; administrative assistants; clerks
Draw personnel from
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Competent staff
An EOC needs skilled people who will work together Functional familiarity through regular job Oriented and trained to the EOC role Good team players
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman 38
EOC preparedness plan
purpose of the plan concept of operations, management structure, roles of personnel and how the components work togetherActivation procedures and levels, and who has authority Escalation and de-escalation plan Call-out list and notification proceduresProcedures /SOPs (resources mobilization and allocation, etc.)CommunicationsInformation management
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman 39
EOC preparedness planChecklists of the roles and responsibilities of EOC functions
Checklists of standard operating procedures
floor plan, with inventory and locations of equipment and supplies
Electronic information management processes (including a layout plan of phone, fax, data lines, cables, switches and outlets)Communication resources and procedures, especially mobile phones and radiosPublic information and warning processes
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman 40
EOC preparedness plan
Procedures for engaging levels of government and/or a superior jurisdictionStandard forms and instructions for documenting EOC activitiesMaps of the area of the eventGuidelines for worker care and safetyagency and position responsible for maintaining and updating the plan Training and exercise schedule to ensure staff and procedures are up-to-date.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Physical attributes of an EOC
Two primary considerations:
Location, including access, security, proximity to partners Facility, including size, amenities and configuration
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Location
Is there an emergency management agency that could sponsor it?
Proximity to partners, stakeholders, donors and humanitarian agencies
Is some integration with the broader emergency management infrastructure of the jurisdiction possible.
Can the facility survive the hazards in the area?
Is it accessible in an emergency?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Facility a dedicated, purpose-built Health EOC is relatively rare except at the level of national governments a dual or multi-purpose EOC, where the space is routinely used for some other purpose is more common If contemplating dual use space, consider:
o convert and activate the space as an EOC in less than one hour,
o appropriate security measures can be put in place in the same time
o facility should meet the basic requirements of disaster survivability and access
o sufficient space for personnel and equipment required to run it.
o a mix of open and closed work space.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Size and configurationo There are no standards except for staff safetyo evaluate the scale of likely eventso size depends on people depends on event sizeo make form follow functiono Must provide space for:
• core functions (management, operations, planning, logistics and administration)
• Policy group intermittently when required
• A communications and message centre
• Break-out/meeting rooms
• Rest and eating areas
• Storage
• Media relations/public information. (may be off-site)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Useful considerations:
o the EOC Director should be positioned so that they can easily oversee operations.
o Functions that are interdependent should be co- located
o Locate functions adjacent to any displays that pertain to their activity
o A separate, quiet meeting room for priority setting discussions, management briefings, etc.
o If a high volume of incoming communication is anticipated, a separate message centre in the communications room is desirable
o All entrances and exits must be secure at all times. o Food and rest areas should be away from the main
area, and food handling practices and storage facilities should meet the highest public health standards
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Building and resources:If staff sleep on site, segregated sleeping facilities will be required, along with enhanced facilities including water and sewage systemsHeating, ventilation and air conditioning and emergency power systems scaled for the extra burden of some crowding heat-producing office equipment. Furnishings may be fixed or movable, with movable, ergonomically suitable furniture offering greater flexibilityThe facility should support generous use of communications technologies, There should be a facility floor plan that identifies the workstations and maps the wiring and equipment at each station.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Office equipment and suppliesoffice equipment and supplies should, to the extent possible, be identical to that which the assigned personnel normally use in their daily work.
Where computers are used, there should be a back-up pen and paper system systems for documentation and reference, in the event of a system failure.
Information displays, if electronic or projected, should be backed up by manual systems (flipcharts, whiteboards)
Information is the lifeblood of an EOC. Use all the possible display space. At least one television and radio tuned to the local media
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Redundancyhave back-up plans for technological failures within the EOC
have an alternate site for the EOC itself, in the event that circumstances make the designated facility uninhabitable.
the alternate site may not fully satisfy all the requirements
rely on moving some of the equipment, along with personnel from the primary site.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the session, the participants will be able to:
1. Define common terminologies in emergency management
2. Relate emergency Response in the Emergency Management Framework
3. Describe Emergency Response Operation
4. Enhance their awareness on the roles of the health sector during response operations
“An effective emergency management will prevent the
escalation of the incident into a disaster”
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Thank You
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman