Emergency Operation Bolivia EMOP 10616.0 Humanitarian assistance to households affected by floods

Duration: 1 year (1 May 2007 – 30 April 2008) Number of beneficiaries: 90,000 WFP food tonnage: 10,187 mt WFP food cost: USD 4,324,844 Total cost to WFP: USD 6,505,320

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For a second consecutive year, most of Bolivia’s territory has been hard hit by natural disasters. Boosted by the El Niño Phenomenon, the impact of the extreme climatic events on the population was the worst in 25 years. Drought, hail storms, frost, strong winds, mudslides and extremely heavy rains since the beginning of the year have caused loss of lives, injury, displaced many people and seriously damaged housing, infrastructure and agriculture. More than 25,000 people are now living in temporary shelters and camps in Beni, Santa Cruz and Tarija. Agriculture has been one of the heaviest hit sectors. Preliminary reports indicate that over 22,000 cattle were lost and more than 100,000 hectares of crops worth US dollars 90 million (mainly soybean, rice, potatoes, pulses, maize and yucca) have been destroyed. Most of the production belonged to subsistence farmers who are entirely dependent on it for their survival. The magnitude of the catastrophe forced the Government to declare a state of National Emergency on 18 January 2007 and appealed for international assistance to the international community on 7 February 2007. Initially WFP responded with an Immediate Response (IR)-EMOP assisting 30,000 people for a period of two months. In the meantime, weather conditions worsened, and the floods have now affected about 350,000 people. In order to avoid a major humanitarian crisis, the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Development (MDRAMA) has officially requested WFP to increase assistance to people with critical food access problems until they have restored their livelihoods. This EMOP will assist 90,000 people in the departments of Santa Cruz, Beni, Cochabamba, Tarija and Pando from 1 May 2007 – 30 April 2008. The objectives of the operation are: (i) to maintain the nutritional status of the affected population, with special attention to women and other groups at high risk (WFP-SO1); and (ii) to preserve assets and restore livelihoods, (WFP-SO2) through food -for- work (FFW) and food- for- training (FFT) supported activities. They are in line with WFP’s strategic objectives 1 and 2. The total cost to WFP will be 6.5 million dollars.

1. SITUATION ANALYSIS AND SCENARIO(S)

1. For a second consecutive year, most of Bolivia’s territory has been hit hard by natural disasters. Boosted by the El Niño Phenomenon, the impact of the extreme climatic events on the population was the worst in 25 years. Damages were reported in eight of the nine Departments of the country, and in 43 percent of all municipalities.

2. The flooding of many rivers of the Amazon and Pilcomayo basins were the most destructive events. In the Andean region, hail storms, frost, strong winds, mudslides, and in particular floods have caused loss of lives, injury, displaced many people and damaged housing, infrastructure and agriculture. In the east, major damage has been caused by torrential rains which have caused the overflow of a complex network of rivers, many of which have flooded large areas. In the south, traditionally affected by drought, heavy rainfall has surpassed historical records, with rivers reaching seven to eight meters above normal levels.

3. Until 23 February 2007, the Government reported some 350,000 people being affected by the floods. Thirty-four persons died and hundreds were injured. Twenty-two roads were destroyed, obstructing communications between many regions, hindering trade and curtailing the rural population’s access to basic services. More than 600 houses were reported damaged.

4. The number of flood victims has been increasing every day. The city of Trinidad, capital of the Department of Beni, is traditionally affected by the overflow of the Mamoré River. However, this year’s extreme flooding forced about 2,700 families to leave their homes and seek shelter elsewhere, mostly in schools and other public centres. The peri-urban quarters of Trinidad inhabited by the poorest segments of the city’s population, have suffered the most. As water levels keep rising, more evacuees are expected. The Mamore River overflow takes about 4-6 months to recede, forcing these families to stay in camps and shelters for this period. The Government is establishing transition camps for these families so that school may resume.

5. Another 3,000 families are staying in shelters in other parts of the country, mainly in Santa Cruz, where 27 camps have been registered. WFP is also assisting 180 displaced families in the Department of Tarija.

6. Sector wise, agriculture experienced the greatest damage: First reports indicate that more than 100,000 hectares of crops, mainly soybean, rice, potatoes, pulses, maize and yucca, are lost, more than 22,000 head of cattle drowned, and a larger number cannot be evacuated and are at risk of death as well. So far, agricultural losses have been estimated at 90 million dollars.

7. Besides agricultural production, trade of agricultural products and livestock, wage labour and to some extent handicraft production have been affected as well. It is estimated that altogether 84 percent of the

population of the municipalities of Santa Cruz and 88 percent in Beni suffered from the floods.

8. The population most seriously affected is largely rural and of indigenous origin, and relies largely on subsistence agricultural production. According to a VAM report of 20061, 95 percent of the affected municipalities were already at medium-to-high risk of food insecurity with 66 percent of their production area being prone to floods. Thirty-three percent of the households were classified as extremely poor. The rural population in Bolivia usually spend more than 75 percent of their income on food.

9. While in the rural areas, 80 to 100 percent of the crops were destroyed by floods, many households in the peri-urban areas have lost their homes and/or their sources of income. Coping strategies are being rapidly exhausted and food transfers from local sources diminishing.

10. Water and sanitation facilities, wells etc have been seriously damaged by the floods, increasing even more the burden on the flood victims, especially women, who do not only have to organize food supply and preparation, but also have to secure a source of safe water for domestic use. Moreover, women living in camps or shelters are more vulnerable to violence because they are separated from their communities and support networks.

11. Government, WFP, other UN agencies, and NGOs are jointly assessing damage and needs. The National Government allowed the Prefectures to use one percent of the Hydrocarbon Direct Tax (IDH) revenues to assist victims and distributed food, tents and blankets to 12,300 families. However, most of the humanitarian assistance has been provided by UN agencies and NGOs.

12. WFP’s first response was implemented by drawing from the development food aid. However as floods rose, needs increased and required additional resources that were provided through the Immediate Response EMOP (IR-EMOP 10587.0) at a cost of USD456,000 to cover the most urgent needs of more than 30,000 people for 60 days with 700 MT of food aid. UNICEF complemented WFP’s rations with high-energy biscuits. As the number of affected families is increasing day by day, particularly in the newly flooded areas of the Department of Beni, a larger WFP operation is needed to continue providing life saving food aid and assistance to the flood victims to restore their livelihoods.

13. CIIFEN2 and SENAMHI forecast that the effects of the El Niño Phenomenon will last until April and will consist of droughts in the Andes and torrential rains in the eastern lowlands. In addition, the east and north will continue to be affected by water erosion from the highlands.

1Food Insecurity Analysis and Mapping by Community Organization (WFP, FAO, SINSAAT, EC, 2003) 2 Centro Internacional de Investigaciones del Fenómeno El Niño.

2. POLICIES, CAPACITIES AND ACTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT(S) AND OTHERS

14. On 18 January 2007, the SISRADE (National System of Risk Reduction

and Emergency Response), chaired by the President of the Republic, issued a Supreme Order No 29013 declaring a National Emergency. On 7 February 2007, the Vice President appealed for international support and asked the United Nations to coordinate response activities.

15. Subsequently, a national coordination body, the Emergency Operation

Centre (COE) was established with the support of the United Nations Emergency Technical Team (UNETT) and the United Nations Disaster Assistance and Coordination (UNDAC) team. Led by Civil Defence, COE included all relevant government sectors as well as NGOs and international agencies.

16. In order to improve the coordination among all actors, commissions were

organized to assess the damage and needs in terms of food, health, shelter, water and sanitation, education, agriculture, roads and basic infrastructure, and rehabilitation. WFP leads the Food Commission which includes the Ministry of Rural Development, Agriculture and Environment (MDRAMA), USAID, Civil Defence, the Bolivian Red Cross, DRIPAD3,Save the Children, the Adventist Development Relief agency, CARE and other NGOs.

17. In light of the increasing needs, the MDRAMA requested WFP to expand

assistance to people with critical food access problems until they can restore their livelihoods. During a joint assessment mission, the country’s Vice-President also requested the WFP Representative to provide additional assistance for the emergency.

18. In light of the recent events, the Government has stressed the need to

improve the response capacity at different administrative levels. WFP is working closely with the Government on a 3year disaster preparedness and response programme. Food security assessment tools have already successfully been applied during these floods and regional Contingency Plans formulated.

19. UN agencies prepared a Flash Appeal for a total of 9.3 million dollars.

The appeal included 2 million dollars to immediately assist 13,000 families with food for 6 months. By now, the number of food insecure households has increased.

3 Integrated and Participative Rural Development in Depressed Areas, WFP counterpart since 1991. DRIPAD’s counterpart is the Ministry of Agriculture at the national level and the Prefectures at the departmental level.

3. OBJECTIVES OF WFP ASSISTANCE

20. In line with WFP’s Strategic Objectives (WFP-SO) 1 and 2, the objectives of the emergency operation are: � To maintain the nutritional status of the affected population, with

special attention to pregnant and nursing women and children under five years of age who are at high risk of malnutrition; (WFP-SO1)

� To preserve assets and restore livelihoods through food for work and food for training (WFP-SO2) supported activities.

21. WFP will also contribute to strengthening local emergency response capacities such as contingency planning, emergency needs assessment and logistics.

4. BENEFICIARIES AND TARGETING

22. The operation will address the needs of flood-affected rural and peri-urban households with food access difficulties. Efforts will also address the needs of native indigenous people, small farmers and landless agricultural labourers.

23. Native indigenous groups live in the rural areas of Tarija, Cochabamba

and Beni. Their food source is mainly subsistence agriculture, hunting and wild fruit gathering. The recent floods not only destroyed their small crops, but also prevent them from moving within their territories to hunt and gather fruit. This could lead them to migrate to urban areas, where poverty is already a widespread problem.

24. The affected small farmers are mostly of indigenous origin (Quechuas and

Aymaras) who resettled in the lowlands of Santa Cruz and Beni depending on agriculture for their survival. When the floods swept their crops away and killed their cattle, they lost their main and often only source of income. Landless agricultural labourers are seasonally employed by larger farmers; however, as larger land holders have also been affected by floods, the demand for workers has declined as well.

25. Peri-urban beneficiaries live mainly in medium size cities in the

Department of Beni, including its capital city, Trinidad. Most of them earn their income from informal activities including brick-making, moto-taxis, and small shops (carpentry, car repair, selling food, etc.) They all have been affected by floods either directly or indirectly by the loss of income in these flood –affected areas. In addition, many of these people cannot work full time as they are busy salvaging their remaining belongings.

26. WFP identified at least 90,000 people in need of food aid in Beni, Santa

Cruz, Cochabamba, Tarija, and Pando. These are the hardest-hit

households, which will need immediate assistance as well as further support until the next harvest in March-April 2008. As the flooding expands to the north, newly affected communities are being reported in the Department of Pando. Therefore, an additional 1,000 families will require food aid in this region.

27. General family food rations for a family with five members will be

distributed to people living in camps. Children under 5 years of age and pregnant and nursing women will receive fortified blended food in addition to the regular family rations. The EFSA currently being carried out will provide important baseline information and will fine-tune beneficiary numbers and targeting.

28. The table 1 below shows the estimated number of beneficiaries by

department and municipality. Planned beneficiary numbers and locations are based on preliminary data and could change as floods continue and EFSA results become available.

Table 1: Beneficiary Caseload by Location

Okinawa 1.800San Juan 2.285Saavedra 4.295

San Pedro 2.375Fernandez Alonso 7.615

Total Santa Cruz 18.370Loreto 7.040

San Andres 6.095San Ignacio (+TIPNIS) 12.685

San Javier 3.035Santa Ana/Exaltación 5.920

Baures 4.000Trinidad 6.660

Puerto Siles 1.950San Joaquin 1.375San Ramon 1.000

Total Beni 49.760Yacuiba 5.400

Villamontes 1.470Total Tarija 6.870

CHIMORE 3.270Tiraque (SHINAHOTA) 1.330

Villa Tunari 375P. VILLARROEL 6.925

Total Cochabamba 11.900 Pando To be determined 3.100

Total Pando 3.100 90.000TOTAL

Santa Cruz

Beni

Tarija

PersonsDepartament Municipality

Cochabamba

29. WFP will coordinate the selection of beneficiaries with its partners, local leaders and authorities. Households will be eligible who are characterised by a combination of the following criteria.

� families living in shelters and camps; � families living with host families � families who lost their homes; � female-headed households; � households that lost most of their food sources; � households with particularly vulnerable family members, such as

pregnant and nursing women, children under 5 years of age.

30. Women specific needs, vulnerabilities, strengths and coping strategies will be adequately addressed by the EMOP. In line with WFP’s Enhanced Commitments to Women (ECW), WFP will ensure that women benefit from, have control over and have access to food aid in a safe environment with transparent information regarding the amount of food their families are entitled to, the composition of the family ration, the place and time of distribution, and other relevant information.

5. NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RATIONS

31. Initially, high energy biscuits (HEB) will be provided to the flood-affected families, because many households face limitations regarding food preparation and cooking. As soon as possible, a general food ration will replace the distribution of HEB. A vitamin- and mineral enriched food will be added to the family ration for the vulnerable people living in the household to address the specific nutritional needs of children under 5 years of age, and pregnant and lactating women at this critical stage of their lives.

32. The following tables show the composition and nutritional content - per person- of the general food ration ration, and the nutritional products to be added to the ration for vulnerable groups.

Table 2: Food ration composition

PRODUCT QUANTITY ENERGY PROTEIN FAT

(g) (kcal) (g) (g) Rice 200 720 14.0 1.0Vegetable oil 25 218 0.0 24.6Wheat flour 100 350 11.5 1.5Pulses 50 168 10.0 0.6Salt 13 0 0.0 0.0TOTAL 388 1,455 35.5 27.7

PRODUCT QUANTITY ENERGY PROTEIN FAT (g) (kcal) (g) (g)

High Energy Biscuits 100 450 12 15Blended Food (CSB) 120 456 21.6 7.2

33. Wheat flour has been included to provide additional energy, protein and micronutrients. (All wheat flour in Bolivia is fortified). Also, vegetable oil is fortified with Vitamin A, and salt with iodine and fluoride.

34. Preliminary assessments revealed that beneficiaries do have access to a

limited amount of food, particularly fresh food, from the meagre incomes they may still have or from local contributions/donations. Therefore, the ration will cover approximately 70 percent of the daily needs. The food ration composition takes local food habits into consideration. Distributions will be carried out at two-week or one-month intervals. WFP will encourage people to continue developing other coping mechanisms to restore their livelihoods, such as production of short-term crops in winter.

6. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

35. This EMOP will be implemented from 1 May 2007 to 30 April 2008. Since

the majority of the beneficiaries are small farmers, food assistance is needed until the next harvest in April 2008, when they will have re-established their traditional sources of income/food. As the emergency operation develops, a downsizing of beneficiary numbers and distribution will be considered, as well as a gradual inclusion of FFW and FFT activities. EFSA results will define the level of these changes.

36. WFP will make sure that women actively participate in project planning,

implementation and evaluation. At least 50 percent of the members of distribution committees will be women, and at least half of the leadership positions will be filled by women. Most of the general food ration recipients will be women. At the local level, WFP will coordinate activities with indigenous and municipal authorities regarding implementation and monitoring of distribution.

37. National and Regional Emergency Operation Centres (COEs) and UNETT

will coordinate activities of the inter-agency thematic commissions; the commission for food will continue to be in charge of food aid-related activities. UNICEF, FAO and the World Health Organization/Pan-American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) will continue to participate in joint assessments, and WFP will collaborate with FAO to restore agriculture-based livelihoods.

38. Other governmental and non-governmental partners will support

distribution, monitoring and evaluation in these regions. Partners will contribute non-food items, training and technical assistance, and will strengthen community organization. Non-food inputs have also been budgeted for in the EMOP to facilitate monitoring and evaluation (M&E)

activities, assessments, provision of technical assistance, training and visibility.

39. A total of 10,187 mt of food will be needed to assist affected families.

Local purchase of commodities from cash contributions would help avoid delays in importing food and implementing the operation (Bolivia is a landlocked country) and offers the additional advantage of supporting national production and adjusting food to local consumption habits.

40. In-kind contributions can be shipped to the ports of Arica in Chile or

Matarani in Peru and then trucked to the extended delivery points (EDPs) in Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, and Trinidad. High energy biscuits will be imported from WFP-LACERN4 Emergency Response Hub in Ecuador. Arrangements to transport this product to Bolivia either at no cost to WFP or at a much reduced rates are being negotiated with the Bolivian and other countries’ Governments.

41. Food will be distributed from the warehouses in the Departments of Santa

Cruz and Cochabamba. Distribution in the affected municipalities of the Department of Tarija will be carried out from the warehouse in Santa Cruz. Additional storage infrastructure has been budgeted for, since Trinidad will be the distribution centre to most affected municipalities in the Department of Beni.

42. WFP will cover part of the transport costs, the balance will be covered by

DRIPAD, the split depending on location, counterpart presence, facilities etc. WFP will support DRIPAD with two technicians for the most affected Departments, Beni and Santa Cruz, and equipment to assure adequate distribution and monitoring activities. Partners’ distribution costs have also been budgeted accordingly. In the department of Beni, a sub-office will be established to strengthen WFP’s capacity to support the implementation and monitoring of the operation.

43. General food distribution (GFD) will be provided to flood victims during the

first four months. Members of affected families who are able to work will participate in rehabilitation activities through FFW, mainly to restore land and basic infrastructure. FFW activities will also aim at reducing women’s extra burden after this crisis, mainly with regard to the additional chores generated by water, food and firewood collection activities. Implementing partners will train parents, particularly mothers, in the areas of nutrition, health and hygiene, water handling, and food storage under the FFT modality. Rations will be provided according to work and training standards already established for Activity 01 of the current CP.

44. EFSA and an inter-ministerial (inter-agency) committee will assess how

the food security needs of the flood-affected families can be met. Cash transfers will be considered explicitly. The analysis would examine the

4 Latin America and Caribbean Emergency Response Network

functioning of markets in these areas, the administrative structures available for such transfers, and the perception of the Government and donors of such interventions. At the moment, there is no clear message from the Government and donors, and distinct local administrative structures for such cash transfers are not in place. Until such analysis is completed, WFP will focus on delivering food assistance to those most-affected.

7. PERFORMANCE MONITORING

45. DRIPAD and implementing partners will prepare monthly reports containing information on outputs and, as far as possible, outcomes through their established computerized food monitoring and evaluation system (SIMEVDA). DRIPAD will also ensure that food is properly transported and stored in the warehouses and that documentation and reporting procedures are adhered to according to the warehouse movement system (MOVALM). WFP will verify this information.

46. EFSA will provide baseline information and results will be evaluated at the

end of the operation. Resources have been budgeted to implement these studies.

47. The following performance indicators will be monitored:

� quantity of food distributed (by commodity and time); � number of beneficiaries receiving WFP food assistance (by age

group, and gender); � number of beneficiaries participating in FFW and FFT activities (by

gender); � percentage of beneficiary households that have recovered essential

assets; � percentage of beneficiary households with over 70 percent household

expenditure on food; � proportion of households having resumed their normal income

activities; � severe malnutrition (-2SD) in children under 5 years of age

maintained below 5 percent; � MUAC among pregnant and nursing mothers.

48. Food aid monitors will be hired to support the Programme and logistics

staff of the country office in La Paz and monitors from other sub-offices. They will ensure that food distributions are managed efficiently and that beneficiaries receive their full entitlement.

8. EXIT STRATEGY

49. A gradual scaling down of food assistance is considered in this EMOP, starting after the fourth month. However, a precise exit strategy can only be established after the results of the EFSA are known. Ongoing monitoring reports, as well as evaluation reports, will shed light on beneficiary needs, particularly on possible needs for further protracted recovery support.

50. WFP coordinates with UNDP, FAO and national agencies regarding the formulation of a recovery and reconstruction plan for the affected regions, particularly those areas that have been hit by floods for a second consecutive year. WFP will continue assisting local and regional authorities to create capacities on emergency preparedness and response.

9. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

51. Bolivia is currently under security phase 1. Road conditions are the main security concern for this operation because most of the areas of implementation have very poor road conditions that have worsened considerably with the heavy rains. New monitors will be provided with 4x4 pick-up trucks equipped with HF and UHF receivers and bases.

10. RECOMMENDATION

52. The Executive Director and the Director-General of FAO are requested to approve the proposed Emergency Operation for Bolivia 10616.0.

11. APPROVAL

………………………… …………………………. Josette Sheeran Jacques Diouf Executive Director Director-General, FAO Date: …………………. Date: ………..…………

ANNEX IA

WFP PROJECT COST BREAKDOWN

Quantity (mt)

Average cost

(US$) per mt

Value (US$)

COSTS

A. Direct operational costs

Rice5 4,932 378 1,864,296

Vegetable Oil 607 1,007 610,886

Wheat Flour 2,466 403 993,798

Pulses 1,233 403 496,899

Salt 330 113 37,340

Blended Food 607 507 307,744

High Energy Biscuits 12 1,207 13,881

…-

…-

Total commodities 10187 4,324,844External transport

828Landside transport ITSH Total LTSH

987,200Other direct operational costs 134,050

Total direct operational costs 5,446,922B. Direct support costs (see Annex IB table below for details) 632,816

C. Indirect support costs (7 percent of total direct costs) 425,582

TOTAL WFP COSTS 6,505,320

5 This is a notional food basket used for budgeting and approval purposes. The precise mix and actual quantities of commodities to be supplied to the project, as in all WFP-assisted projects, may vary over time depending on the availability of commodities to WFP and domestically within the recipient country.

ANNEX IB

DIRECT SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS (US$)

Staff

International professional staff

National professional officers 66,700

National general service staff 249,004

Temporary assistance

National consultants 70,000

Overtime

Staff duty travel 90,568

Staff training and development 5,000

Subtotal 481,272Office expenses and other recurrent costs

Rental of facility

Utilities (general)

Office supplies 7,200

Communication and IT services 14,400

Insurance 3,200

Equipment repair and maintenance 2,400

Vehicle maintenance and running cost 28,800

Other office expenses

United Nations Organizations Services

Subtotal 56,000Equipment and other fixed costs

Furniture tools and equipment 4,400

Vehicles 40,000

TC/IT equipment 51,144

Subtotal 95,544TOTAL DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS 632,816

ANNEX II - Log Frame Summary of Bolivia EMOP No. 10616.0

Results-Chain (Logic Model) Performance Indicators Risks, AssumptionsEMOP Outcome (s):

Nutritional status of the affected population,with special attention to pregnant andnursing women and other groups at highrisk, maintained (WFP-SO1)

Restored ability to meet food needs withintargeted households affected by floods

Outcome indicator(s):

1.1 Acute malnutrition (-2SD) inchildren under 5 maintained below5 percent1.2 MUAC among pregnant andnursing women

2.1 Percentage of beneficiaryhouseholds that have recoveredessential assets2.2 Percentage of beneficiaryhouseholds with over 70 percenthousehold expenditure on food2.3 Proportion of households havingresumed their normal income-generating activities

The political context allows the provision offood assistance under humanitarianprinciplesNo other major natural event or socialupheaval occursNo major pipeline break occursOther causal problems of malnutrition areaddressed by partners and Government(i.e. water and sanitation, health, training,etc.)Government maintains recovery policies athigh priority level

EMOP Output (s):

1.1.Timely provision of food in sufficientquantity for targeted beneficiaries indisaster- affected areas

Timely provision of food in sufficientquantity for targeted beneficiaries

Output indicators

1.1.1 Actual amount of fooddistributed through each activity as apercentage of planned distributions,by project category, commodity

2.1.1 Actual number of beneficiariesreceiving food assistance througheach activity as a percentage ofplanned beneficiaries, by projectcategory, age group, sex

2.1.3 Actual number of beneficiariesin each activity as percentage ofplanned participants, by projectcategory, sex

Other causal problems of malnutrition areaddressed by partners and Government(i.e. water and sanitation, health, training,etc.)Partner support –particularly for non-foodassistance- is availableStrong partner and governmentdistribution support continues availableNo major endemic outbreak occurs

ANNEX III - MAP

ANNEX IV - LTSH-matrix (Not to be posted on WFP website) ANNEX V - Project Budget Plan (Not to be posted on WFP website) ANNEX VI - Project Statistics (Not to be posted on WFP website)

List of acronyms ADRA Adventist Development Relief Agency CARE International American non governmental organization CARITAS Charitable and Social Action of the Catholic Church CIIFEN International Centre for Research on El Niño phenomenon COE Emergency Operation Center COMPAS Commodity Movement Processing and Analysis System CP Country Programme CRS Catholic Relief Service DRIPAD Integrated and Participative Rural Development in Depressed Areas EC European Commission ECW WFP’s Enhanced Commitments to Women EDP Extended Delivery Point EFSA Rapid Emergency Food Security Assessment EMOP Emergency Operation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FBF Fortified Blended Food FFT Food for training FFW Food for work GFD General Food Distribution HEB High Energy Biscuits HF High Frequency IDH Hydrocarbons Direct Tax IR-EMOP Immediate Response Operation ITSH Internal Transport, Storage and Handling KCAL Kilocalories LTSH Landside Transport, Storage and Handling LACERN Latin America and Caribbean Emergency Response Network MDRAMA Ministry of Rural, Agriculture and Environmental Development MOVALM Warehouse Movement System of WFP national counterpart MOSS Minimum Operations Security Standards M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NGO Non governmental organization SENAMHI National Service for Meteorology and Hydrology SIMEVDA Food Monitoring and Evaluation System of WFP national counterpart SINSAAT National System of Food Security and Early Warning SISRADE National System of Risk Reduction and Emergency Response TC/IT Telecommunications/Information Technology UHF Ultra High Frequency UNDAC United Nations Disaster Assistance and Coordination UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNETT United Nations Emergency Technical Team UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development VAM Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping WFP World Food Programme WHO/PAHO World Health Organization/Pan-American Health Organization