Emergency Medicine :Status Epilepticus · 2019. 1. 18. · Status epilepticus ? Definition •...

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Emergency Medicine :Status Epilepticus (ภาวะชักต่อเน่อง) Monton Wongwandee MD Division of Neurology Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, SWU คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ

Transcript of Emergency Medicine :Status Epilepticus · 2019. 1. 18. · Status epilepticus ? Definition •...

Page 1: Emergency Medicine :Status Epilepticus · 2019. 1. 18. · Status epilepticus ? Definition • 1981, ILAE (International League against Epilepsy) • “A seizure that persists for

Emergency Medicine:Status Epilepticus(ภาวะชักต่อเนื่อง)

Monton Wongwandee MD

Division of Neurology

Department of Internal Medicine

Faculty of Medicine, SWU

คณะแพทยศาสตร์มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ

Page 2: Emergency Medicine :Status Epilepticus · 2019. 1. 18. · Status epilepticus ? Definition • 1981, ILAE (International League against Epilepsy) • “A seizure that persists for

Outline

• Seizure คอือะไร

• Status epilepticus (SE) คอือะไร, definition, ความสาํคญั

• Etiology

• Classification

• Management

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Seizure

• Abnormal

• Excessive

• Hyper-synchronous

• Neuronal discharge

Image: © iStock Photo adventrr

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ทีม่า

• Seizure สว่นใหญ่จะสัน้ ~ 2-3 นาท ีและ หายไดเ้อง

• Seizure ทีม่รีะยะเวลานานจะมอีนัตรายต่อเซลลส์มอง

– มหีลกัฐานทัง้ในคนและสตัวท์ดลองวา่การชกัแบบทัว่ทัง้สมองนาน

30 นาททีาํใหเ้กดิ neuronal injury และ cell death

– Grey matter: hippocampus, thalamus, neocortex

– Glutamate mediated excitotoxicity

Lowenstein DH 1998Betjemann JP 2015

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GCSE 

Direct neuronal Injury

•Glutamate mediated 

excitotoxicity 

Cardiorespiratory & autonomic

• hypotension• arrhythmia• hyperpyrexia• respiratory failure• Etc. 

Metabolic & systemic

• rhabdomyolysis• lactic acidosis• e’lyte disturbance• Etc.  

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Case study

• ชาย 22 ปี

• CC: ชกัเกรง็กระตุกทัว่ทัง้ตวั 30 นาที PTA

• PI: 30 min PTA ชกัเกรง็กระตุกทัง้ตวั หมดสต ิ3 นาทแีลว้คอ่ยๆฟื้น

จนเป็นปกต ิญาตนิําสง่รพ. ขณะอยูบ่นรถมอีาการชกัแบบเดมิอกีแต่

ยงัไมห่ยดุจนมาถงึรพ.(นานประมาณ 10 นาทแีลว้)

Status epilepticus ?

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Definition

• 1981, ILAE (International League against Epilepsy)

• “A seizure that persists for a sufficient length of time or is

repeated frequently enough that recovery between attacks does

not occur.”

• 20-30 minutes

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Operational definition

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ความสาํคญั

• Neurological emergency !!!

• Overall mortality ~ 20%

– ระยะเวลาชกั direct neuronal injury

– Metabolic & systemic complications

– สาํคญัทีส่ดุคอื “สาเหต”ุ

Betjemann JP 2015

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Etiology of SE

• Structural brain insults (acute & remote)

– Stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic)

– Brain tumor

– Infection/inflammation e.g. (meningo-)encephalitis, abscess, neurocysticercosis

– TBI

– Degenerative dementia– Congenital malformation

• Toxic, drug, metabolic disturbance (Na,Ca,Mg)

• Low antiepileptic drug level

• Idiopathic

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Management ?

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Management

• A-B-C

• หยดุชกั และป้องกนัการชกัซํ้า

• คน้หาและรกัษาสาเหตุ

• Supportive treatment

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Diazepam10 mg iv

(repeat if needed)

Phenytoin20 MK iv

or Fosphenytoin20 MK PE iv

(can give additional 10 MK)

MidazolamLoad 0.2 MK iv

Infusion0.2-0.6 MK/hr

orPropofol

Load 2MK ivInfusion

2-5 MK/hror

PentobarbitalLoad 5MK iv

Infusion1-5 MK/hr

orThiopental

100-250 mg iv(then 50 mg until sz stop)

Infusion3-5 MK/hr

Phenobarbital20 MK iv

orValproic acid20-30 MK iv

orLevetiracetam

20-60 MK iv

Betjemann JP 2015สมาคมโรคลมชกัแหง่ประเทศไทย 2558

Refractory SE

10 min 30 min 60 min

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Investigation

• Dtx

• Blood for CBC, glucose, BUN/Cr, E’lyte, Ca, Mg, LFT

• Neuroimaging:

– CT brain with contrast

– MRI brain, MRA, MRV

• Etc:

– Blood/ urine for toxic, Hemo c/s, ABG, TFT, autoAb

– LP

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Case study

• ชาย 22 ปี

• CC: ขาซา้ยกระตุก 6 hr PTA

• PI: 6 hr PTA ขาซา้ยกระตุกตลอดเวลา ไมห่มดสต ิจงึมารพ.

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Status epilepticus?

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Classification of seizures ILAE

1. Focal sz- without impairment of consciousness (aura)

motor,sensory,autonomic- with impairment of consciousness

2. Generalized sz- Tonic-clonic- Absence- Clonic- Tonic- Atonic- Myoclonic

3. Unknown

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Classification of SE

Focal Generalized

Convulsive •Simple partial – motor

(include EPC)

•GCSE

•Myoclonic

•Tonic

•Clonic

•Atonic

Non-convulsive •Simple partial – sensory,

aphasia

•Complex partial

•Typical absence

•Atypical absence

Meierkord H 2007Drislane FW, UpToDate 2015

Page 19: Emergency Medicine :Status Epilepticus · 2019. 1. 18. · Status epilepticus ? Definition • 1981, ILAE (International League against Epilepsy) • “A seizure that persists for

Classification of SE

Focal Generalized

Convulsive •Simple partial – motor

(include EPC)

•GCSE

•Myoclonic

•Tonic

•Clonic

•Atonic

Non-convulsive •Simple partial – sensory,

aphasia

•Complex partial

•Typical absence

•Atypical absence

Meierkord H 2007Drislane FW, UpToDate 2015

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สรปุ

• คดิถงึ SE เมือ่ชกัตัง้แต่ 5 นาทขีึน้ไปหรอืชกัมากกวา่หนึ่งครัง้โดยไม ่

gain fully consciousness

• เริม่ยาใหเ้รว็และถกูขัน้ตอน ถกูขนาด

• คน้หาและรกัษาสาเหตุดว้ย

• การรกัษาประคบัประคองกส็าํคญัเชน่กนั

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http://thaiepilepsysociety.com

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