Emergency Management Education: Emergency Management Education: A Snapshot of the CommunityA Snapshot of the Community

2009 FEMA Emergency Management 2009 FEMA Emergency Management Higher Education Program ReportHigher Education Program Report

Carol L. CwiakCarol L. CwiakNorth Dakota State UniversityNorth Dakota State University

Many thanks to Many thanks to Dr. Blanchard Dr. Blanchard

and and Barbara Johnson Barbara Johnson for all they do for for all they do for our community on our community on

a day-to-day basis!a day-to-day basis!

Thank you!Thank you!

Thank you high ed community Thank you high ed community for your participation!for your participation!

MethodologyMethodology

Nine-page survey instrument sent via email to Nine-page survey instrument sent via email to all institutions on the FEMA High Ed all institutions on the FEMA High Ed webpage offering emergency management webpage offering emergency management programs programs

One survey per institution One survey per institution

Up to four requests for participation Up to four requests for participation

Initial solicitation March 30…accepted Initial solicitation March 30…accepted surveys through May 19 surveys through May 19

MethodologyMethodology

Institutions solicitedInstitutions solicited 129129

Responses receivedResponses received 67 67

Response rateResponse rate 52% 52%

Non-responsive institutions:Non-responsive institutions: POC changed, not able to find POC on program website, POC changed, not able to find POC on program website,

email addresses wrong or simply did not respond after four email addresses wrong or simply did not respond after four contactscontacts

Methodology - LimitationsMethodology - Limitations

Hindsight is 20-20Hindsight is 20-20

This presentationThis presentation is merely a briefis merely a brief summary of this summary of this year’s data collectionyear’s data collection The full report will be posted on theThe full report will be posted on the High Ed website in the Surveys section:High Ed website in the Surveys section:

http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/surveys.asphttp://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/surveys.asp

GraduatesGraduates

7,730 7,730 Number of students that Number of students that graduated this year graduated this year (extrapolated from response of 3,414/44%)(extrapolated from response of 3,414/44%)

9,290 9,290 Number of students that haveNumber of students that havegraduated to-date from EM graduated to-date from EM programsprograms(current year added to 2008 figure of 7,730 which was (current year added to 2008 figure of 7,730 which was extrapolated from a response of 3,414/44%)extrapolated from a response of 3,414/44%)

1,560 1,560 Number of students that Number of students that graduated this year graduated this year (extrapolated from response of 810/52%)(extrapolated from response of 810/52%)

StudentsStudents

16,66816,668 Number of students enrolled Number of students enrolled in EM programsin EM programs (extrapolated from response of 8,657/52%) (extrapolated from response of 8,657/52%)

Compare to: 9,360 in 2008Compare to: 9,360 in 2008 (approx. 80% increase)(approx. 80% increase)

59,83259,832 Number of students reached by Number of students reached by EM program courses EM program courses (includes (includes

enrolled students)enrolled students)(extrapolated from response of 8,223/52% + 44,000*)(extrapolated from response of 8,223/52% + 44,000*)

*One program offered courses to 44,000 students *One program offered courses to 44,000 students as part of a partnership with EMI as part of a partnership with EMI

StudentsStudents

38%

62%

Males

Females

Within specific Within specific programs and programs and

institutions institutions segmentation segmentation

was more evidentwas more evident(41% F, 59% M- 2008)(41% F, 59% M- 2008)

n = 64

Programs ReportedPrograms Reported

Undergrad Certificate, 25

Minor, 3Associate, 20

Undergrad Concentration, 11

Grad Certificate, 18

Bachelor, 11

Masters, 18

Doctoral, 5

Masters Concentration, 10

Other, 2

Doctoral Concentration, 4

127 programs reported127 programs reported

n = 67

Programs –Years in ExistencePrograms –Years in Existence

19%

33%15%

22%

11%

1 year or less

2-5 years

6 years

7-10 years

More than 10 years

Range = 0-25 years (Range = 0-25 years (Happy Anniversary UNT!)Happy Anniversary UNT!) 48% of all programs in existence for 5 years or less 48% of all programs in existence for 5 years or less (65% in 2008)(65% in 2008)

New ProgramsNew Programs

28% of respondent28% of respondentinstitutions (19) institutions (19)

plan on developing plan on developing new programs new programs

over the next yearover the next year

Types of new programsTypes of new programs::

Ph.D.,Ph.D., M.S., B.S., M.S., B.S., A.S., CertificatesA.S., Certificates

Focus/Concentration/EmphasisFocus/Concentration/Emphasis Security Policy & LeadershipSecurity Policy & Leadership Continuity of OperationsContinuity of Operations TSATSA Fire/MedicFire/Medic MilitaryMilitary Crime Scene TechnicianCrime Scene Technician Emergency ManagementEmergency Management Security ManagementSecurity Management Homeland SecurityHomeland Security Bio-security & Disaster PreparednessBio-security & Disaster Preparedness Disaster Management & Humanitarian ReliefDisaster Management & Humanitarian Relief Student Watch Officer & Intelligence AnalystStudent Watch Officer & Intelligence Analyst

Statewide curriculum adoption Statewide curriculum adoption

Going online with curriculumGoing online with curriculum

Program Changes - Next 3 YearsProgram Changes - Next 3 Years New programsNew programs Increased enrollmentIncreased enrollment Hiring additional facultyHiring additional faculty Hiring full-time program representativeHiring full-time program representative Moving to distance educationMoving to distance education Move program to different departmentMove program to different department Greater course flexibility within programGreater course flexibility within program More course offeringsMore course offerings Increased program growthIncreased program growth Increase topical offerings with in-house IS coursesIncrease topical offerings with in-house IS courses

Program Changes - Next 3 YearsProgram Changes - Next 3 Years Greater competition for studentsGreater competition for students Decreases related to economic downturnDecreases related to economic downturn Greater involvement in the LEPCGreater involvement in the LEPC Refine/fine-tune course offerings/program Refine/fine-tune course offerings/program More digital video streamingMore digital video streaming Offer program internationally via partnershipsOffer program internationally via partnerships More technical coursesMore technical courses Greater focus on grants and research with studentsGreater focus on grants and research with students More support resources expected – financial & More support resources expected – financial &

course materialcourse material

Program Changes - Next 3 YearsProgram Changes - Next 3 Years

Changing demographic at two year technical collegesChanging demographic at two year technical colleges Integrating both HS and EM student marketsIntegrating both HS and EM student markets Restructuring to include FEMA High Ed coursesRestructuring to include FEMA High Ed courses Dealing with employment perceptions in the fieldDealing with employment perceptions in the field Increase practical exercises and hands-on Increase practical exercises and hands-on

experiencesexperiences

Program FocusProgram Focus

61%

30%6%

3% PublicPrivateOtherBoth

Non-profitNon-profit HealthHealth MilitaryMilitary GovernmentGovernment Training faculty to do researchTraining faculty to do research

n = 67

Program PurposeProgram Purpose

62%

16%19%3% Pre-employAdvanceBothOther

““Both” - average across programs: Both” - average across programs:

48% Pre-employment 48% Pre-employment (range 5%-90%)(range 5%-90%)

52% Advancement 52% Advancement (range 10%-95%)(range 10%-95%)

n = 67

Increase qualificationsIncrease qualifications Leadership-MennonitesLeadership-Mennonites

Faculty Representation Faculty Representation

Full-time FacultyFull-time Faculty

None None 31% 31% 11 31%31%22 17%17%3-73-7 21%21%

n = 67

Part-time FacultyPart-time Faculty

None None 21% 21% 11 18%18%2-52-5 34%34%6-106-10 16%16%11-9011-90 11%11%

Faculty RepresentationFaculty Representation

n = 67

Associated FacultyAssociated Faculty

None None 67% 67% 11 15%15%2-42-4 14%14%5-85-8 21%21%

n = 67

Faculty RepresentationFaculty Representation

Full-time Faculty Devoted to ProgramFull-time Faculty Devoted to Program

None None 35% 35% 11 39%39%22 11%11%33 8% 8%4-74-7 7% 7%

n = 67

New Hires?New Hires?

Did not attempt to hire Did not attempt to hire 62% 62%

Attempted to hire, but did not hire Attempted to hire, but did not hire 6% 6%

Hired new facultyHired new faculty 32% 32%

21 institutions - 89 new hires

Full-time 16 Part-time 73 Distance only 66

New HiresNew Hires

n = 67

Programs Offering Distance EducationPrograms Offering Distance Education

70%Yes

30%No

n = 67

Percentage of Offerings Available -Percentage of Offerings Available -Distance EducationDistance Education

n= 47

15%

13%72%

100%

50-99%

1-49%

Percentage of Offerings Available – Percentage of Offerings Available – OnlyOnly via Distance Education via Distance Education

(n= 30)

20%

13%

10%

57%

100%50-99%1-49%0

25% of respondents reported that all coursework was

delivered only via distance education

Technology-based InstructionTechnology-based Instruction

n= 66

Technology Number ofInstitutions Teaching

GISGIS 2626

HazusHazus 1313

Web EOC/ Other web-based EOC systemWeb EOC/ Other web-based EOC system 2828

Social networkingSocial networking 1818

Media softwareMedia software 1414

Other Other (CAMEO, SLOSH, Second Life, Aloha, etc.)(CAMEO, SLOSH, Second Life, Aloha, etc.) 1414

NoneNone 1616

Enrollment and Graduation TrendsEnrollment and Graduation Trends

0

20

40

60

80

100

Enrollment -Past 3 years

Enrollment -Next 3 Years

Graduations -Past 3 Years

Graduations -Next 3 Years

Increase No Change Decrease

n = 60 n = 60 n = 55 n = 58

70%

23%

7%

77%

20%

3%

65%

31%

4%

76%

21%

3%

Table 2- Representation Across Program Level

Access/Support n* MeanStd.

Deviation

Access to external funding opportunities to support your program(e.g., grants, contracts, etc.)

66 4.62 2.944

Access to institutional funding (e.g., stipends to develop courses/materials)

67 4.31 2.960

Access to library resources (e.g., ability to obtain new holdings)

67 7.43 2.457

Institutional administrative support (e.g., support attempts to develop & implement new program ideas)

67 6.66 2.831

Local emergency management community support (e.g., county and regional)

66 6.95 2.691

State emergency management community support (e.g., state-level agency & state professional organization)

65 6.00 3.005

National emergency management professional community support (e.g., IAEM, NEMA, EMPOWER, etc.)

65 5.15 2.949

FEMA-specific support (e.g., Higher Education Program, EMI, etc.)

66 6.94 2.806

DHS-specific support (e.g., overarching DHS programs & agencies within DHS other than FEMA-specific support)

59 3.86 2.488

*n less than 67 represents respondent indicated that they felt the source was not applicable to their program.

Principles of Emergency ManagementPrinciples of Emergency Management

Awareness 4%No

96%Yes

Utilization

17%No

83%Yes

n = 67 n = 63

Resource UtilizationResource Utilization

020406080

100

Utilization

EMI ISPrototypeHigh Ed

n = 67

61%

11%

48%

ProvisosProvisos:: Prototype use among associate level programs- 35%Prototype use among associate level programs- 35% High Ed & Prototype used to help developHigh Ed & Prototype used to help develop coursework and programscoursework and programs

EMI IS CoursesEMI IS Courses

90%

10%

Use as a supplement

Use alone

n = 40

Disaster Response Operations and Management (16)Disaster Response Operations and Management (16) Social Dimensions of Disaster (14)Social Dimensions of Disaster (14) Terrorism and Emergency Management (14)Terrorism and Emergency Management (14) Building Disaster Resilient Communities (12) Building Disaster Resilient Communities (12) Public Administration & Emergency Management (12)Public Administration & Emergency Management (12) Sociology of Disaster (11)Sociology of Disaster (11) Technology and Emergency Management (11)Technology and Emergency Management (11) Business & Industry Crisis Management (10)Business & Industry Crisis Management (10) Political & Policy Basis /Emergency Management (10)Political & Policy Basis /Emergency Management (10) Principles and Practice of Hazard Mitigation (10)Principles and Practice of Hazard Mitigation (10)

High Ed CoursesHigh Ed Courses

EMI/High Ed Courses - AccoladesEMI/High Ed Courses - Accolades

Well-constructed, well-organized & excellent content Well-constructed, well-organized & excellent content Free of chargeFree of charge Excellent source of referenceExcellent source of reference Good foundation in basic subject matter areasGood foundation in basic subject matter areas Syllabi are easy to read and follow & include examsSyllabi are easy to read and follow & include exams Contain relevant research & provide class activitiesContain relevant research & provide class activities Present standardized knowledge base Present standardized knowledge base Help create a consistent body of knowledgeHelp create a consistent body of knowledge

EMI/High Ed Courses - More AccoladesEMI/High Ed Courses - More Accolades

No copyright issues No copyright issues Online flexibility-readily availableOnline flexibility-readily available Easy to incorporate into class materialEasy to incorporate into class material Provides additional material for student accessProvides additional material for student access Can use pieces of high ed courses as neededCan use pieces of high ed courses as needed User-friendly User-friendly Current informationCurrent information Clear and conciseClear and concise Availability of certificate from EMIAvailability of certificate from EMI

EMI/High Ed Courses - RequestsEMI/High Ed Courses - Requests More advertising and awareness for programsMore advertising and awareness for programs Online forums/discussion boardsOnline forums/discussion boards Crossover between EMI courses and high ed coursesCrossover between EMI courses and high ed courses Structured curriculum recommendationsStructured curriculum recommendations Open courses for additional inputOpen courses for additional input Short books on EM topicsShort books on EM topics More collaborative opportunities for high ed community More collaborative opportunities for high ed community Regional high ed meetingsRegional high ed meetings More advertising for honor society – Epsilon Pi PhiMore advertising for honor society – Epsilon Pi Phi Textbook reviewsTextbook reviews Downloadable instructional modules and multimedia files Downloadable instructional modules and multimedia files

for Blackboard/LMSfor Blackboard/LMS

EMI/High Ed Courses - RequestsEMI/High Ed Courses - Requests More coursesMore courses Continued course updatesContinued course updates Recommended readings by topic areaRecommended readings by topic area More interactive cases and simulations onlineMore interactive cases and simulations online Actual photos that relate to the material being discussed Actual photos that relate to the material being discussed

(EMI courses)(EMI courses) Instructor PowerPoint presentations for EMI coursesInstructor PowerPoint presentations for EMI courses Improve timing in testing/grading area (EMI courses) Improve timing in testing/grading area (EMI courses) Public/private partnering coursePublic/private partnering course Increase depth of materialsIncrease depth of materials Course development by faculty with real world experienceCourse development by faculty with real world experience More research-focused coursesMore research-focused courses

EMI/High Ed Courses - RequestsEMI/High Ed Courses - Requests Posters, fact sheets, visual aidsPosters, fact sheets, visual aids Database of syllabiDatabase of syllabi Activities and classroom exercises that emphasize Activities and classroom exercises that emphasize

material/theorymaterial/theory More videos, DVDs and online clipsMore videos, DVDs and online clips Webinars and videoconferencesWebinars and videoconferences International Disasters courseInternational Disasters course Incorporate content/media options to support distance edIncorporate content/media options to support distance ed More courses at entry-levelMore courses at entry-level Update videos and training materialsUpdate videos and training materials

EMI/High Ed Courses - ImprovementsEMI/High Ed Courses - Improvements Live exercise for studentsLive exercise for students E-booksE-books More challenging associate degree level coursesMore challenging associate degree level courses More sophisticated technology to keep younger students’ More sophisticated technology to keep younger students’

attentionattention

High Ed Program - High Ed Program - aka Dr. Blanchard & Barbaraaka Dr. Blanchard & Barbara

““We have been exceptionally pleased We have been exceptionally pleased with the support and networking with the support and networking offered by the Higher Education offered by the Higher Education Program.”Program.”

““Doing a great job!”Doing a great job!”

““Thank you for all you do for Thank you for all you do for the higher education community!”the higher education community!”

““Running the Higher Education Running the Higher Education Program is a Herculean task…when Program is a Herculean task…when

is someone from FEMA going to snap is someone from FEMA going to snap out of it and get Wayne and Barbara out of it and get Wayne and Barbara

some help?!”some help?!”

Competencies Competencies

Most important areas of Most important areas of competency in emergencycompetency in emergency

managementmanagement

2008- surveyed KSAs2008- surveyed KSAs

Are competencies and Are competencies and KSAs different?KSAs different?

Competencies Competencies

Competencies (2009) Knowledge, Skills and Abilities (2008)

1 Communication -verbal & written (43%) Comprehensive EM, overall knowledge of field, 4 phases, all-hazards (36%)

2 Comprehensive EM, knowledge of best practices in the field (40%)

Communication - verbal & written (30%)

3 Government role, interaction, political and bureaucratic context (33 %)

Relationships, partnering, teambuilding (28%)

4 Critical thinking & problem-solving (31%) Critical thinking, analytical skills, problem-solving (26%)

5 Leadership (28%) Management skills (19%)

6 Management (24%) Leadership (15%)

7 Risk assessment, analysis & management (23%) Risk assessment, analysis & management (15%)

8 Collaboration, teambuilding, teamwork (21%) Technology Skills (13%)

9 Planning (19%) Planning Skills (13%)

10 Operational frameworks – NIMS/ICS/EOC operations (19%)

Knowledge of the social science research and ability to apply it in practice (13%)

11 Technology (13%) Mitigation (11%)

12 Financial operations, contract administration, grant writing (13%)

Coordination (9%)

13 Ethics, professionalism (12%) Professionalism, ethics, evolution as discipline and career (9%)

14 Vulnerability approach (10%) Public policy (9%)

15 Legal matters (9%) Political context (9%)

The Top Challenges Facing The Top Challenges Facing Emergency Management ProgramsEmergency Management Programs

1.1. Funding (31%) Funding (31%) Programs, faculty, research, studentsPrograms, faculty, research, students

2. Faculty (20%)2. Faculty (20%) Ph.D., experience, research ability, quality Ph.D., experience, research ability, quality candidatescandidates

3.3. Student recruitment (16%)Student recruitment (16%)Higher quality students, better marketing, Higher quality students, better marketing, increased competition increased competition

The Top Challenges Facing The Top Challenges Facing Emergency Management ProgramsEmergency Management Programs

4.4. Lack of political Lack of political understanding/support (15%)understanding/support (15%)

Political appointees who do not understandPolitical appointees who do not understand the importance of EM or EM high edthe importance of EM or EM high ed

5.5. DHS/FEMA (15%)DHS/FEMA (15%) DHS influence disruptive, oversight over FEMA DHS influence disruptive, oversight over FEMA

causes problems, no balancecauses problems, no balance

6.6. Academic legitimacy (15%)Academic legitimacy (15%)Fighting for recognition within the larger academic Fighting for recognition within the larger academic communitycommunity

The Top Challenges Facing The Top Challenges Facing Emergency Management ProgramsEmergency Management Programs

7.7. Jobs/careers (12%)Jobs/careers (12%) Lack of jobs, career path options not apparent Lack of jobs, career path options not apparent

8.8. Books/journal articles (10%)Books/journal articles (10%) Quality material needed, should be written by Quality material needed, should be written by

qualified folksqualified folks

9.9. Connection between the Connection between the field and academia (9%)field and academia (9%)

An invitation…An invitation…

Board Membersand

Executive Director

Kay Goss, CEMJohn McKay, M.A.Ellis Stanley, CEM

Practitioner Community

Greg Shaw, D.Sc., CBCPDoctoral Programs

Jane Kushma, Ph.D., ACSWMaster Programs

David McEntire, Ph.D.Bachelor Programs

J.D. Richardson, MA.EdAssociate Programs

Rick Bissell, Ph.D.Certificate Programs

Carol Cwiak, J.D.Executive Director

Created to represent the interestsCreated to represent the interests and concerns of the EM high ed and concerns of the EM high ed communitycommunity

All EM high ed programs are invited All EM high ed programs are invited to join the Consortiumto join the Consortium

Each member institution has a voteEach member institution has a vote

There is no cost to joinThere is no cost to join

All member institutions will be listed All member institutions will be listed on the Consortium’s web page and can on the Consortium’s web page and can display the logo on their program pagedisplay the logo on their program page

CallsCalls, , letters, emails, visits, gifts…letters, emails, visits, gifts…

Carol L. CwiakDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Emergency ManagementNorth Dakota State UniversityDept. 2350P.O. Box 6050Fargo, ND 58108-6050(701) 231-5847carol.cwiak@ndsu.eduwww.ndsu.edu/ndsu/em