Emergence of Shadow Banking in China JOHN POWERS 12/9.
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Transcript of Emergence of Shadow Banking in China JOHN POWERS 12/9.
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Emergence of Shadow Banking in ChinaJOHN POWERS 12/9
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Abstract of Report
Examines the emergence of China’s shadow banking institutions
Fundamental and structural reasons behind the growth of shadow lending in credit markets
Accuracy of risk modeling methods Determination that risks may be overstated
due to relative size of the economy and unique structure of financial system
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Introduction
Traditional Banking: Commercials banks, mortgages, business loans, student loans, lines of credit etc.
Fractional Reserve Banking: Emergence of Central Banks in 1600’s.
Reserve requirements developed. Lender of last resort role established.
Heavily regulated but successfully regulated.
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Shadow Banking
“Shadow Bank” term coined by economist Paul McCulley in 2007.
Refers to lending by non-bank financial intermediaries.
Not subject to traditional banking regulations. Credit expansion driven by complex financial
instruments, business to business lending, securitization vehicles etc.
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Inherent Risks Revealed
Innovation allows for expansion of credit not hindered by Central Banks, traditional bank regulation
Extraordinary complexity in financial instruments
Important role in 2008 Global Financial Crisis Inadequate Risk Modeling Financial Contagion and lack of lender of last
resort
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Emergence in Chinese Economy
1978 reforms by Deng Xiapong started process the economic reforms.
Second stage of reform in late 1980’s Mono Bank -> Multi-tiered Banks 1995 Charter for People’s Bank of China Monetary Stability, Banking Supervision,
Oversight of Payments System 1999 Commercial Lending outside of government
interference (formally)
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Motivations for Lending
Specialization, innovation, regulatory arbitrage Not burdened by central chain of lending Tight regulatory measures on commercial
banking, lending, and scope of access in China. Large populace unbanked Social, economic and technological
advancement outpacing Chinese Financial System
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Lending vs. Lending Target (Seminar, 2013)
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Trust Asset Growth (Seminar, 2013)
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Instruments
Wealth Management Products, Trusts, Off Balance Financial Transactions
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Risk Modeling
Extremely difficult because of complexity of instruments and system of delivery
Trial and error method Constantly evolving system Sectors cannot be isolated from systemic risks Transparency an important component
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Risks Overstated Near Term
Chinese economic makeup fundamentally different than Western Economies
High Savings Rates Relative Complexity of Instruments Unbanked Populace Tight Regulation Economic Inequlity
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Conclusions
Expansion of credit needed for much of the populace
Shadow Banking may fill an important role that tight regulation creates
Risks may be overstated for the near future Reforms in Traditional Banking System still
needed.