BEHAVIORISM

By: Micki Lovering, Jennifer Marianas, Sheina Rodriguez Mieles, Rena Perez, and Stephanie Saez

IVAN PAVLOVBORN IN RUSSIA IN 1849

His biggest contribution to the field of psychology is classical conditioning, a theory about how behavior is learned.

Pavlov studied reflexes, automatic behavior that is caused by a stimulus from the environment

Through his experiments he believed that automatic behavior could be manipulated.

Most known for testing his theory of classic conditioning on dogs.

B.F SKINNERBORN MARCH 20, 1904

Most famous for his theories on operant conditioning.

He believed behavior could be control depending on the what happens after the response.

These outcomes depend on both positive or negative reinforcements

Most known for testing his theories of operant conditioning by creating the Skinner Box

ALBERT BANDURABORN DECEMBER 24, 1925

His theory of Social learning differed from Skinner.

He believed that reinforcement could be accounted for all types of learning.

His theory of Social Learning states that people learn new behaviors by watching other people.

Most known for testing his theory by using the “Bobo doll experiment”.

KEY POINTS TO THEORY Behaviorism is the prediction

and control of human behavior in which introspection and/or independent thinking play no essential part of its teaching method. It started school of psychology founded by John B. Watson in 1913 based on the belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed.

It is the theory that all behaviorsare acquiredthrough conditioning.

It began during a time of modernism which is coincided from the industrial revolution period.

To a behaviorism, human learning is purely an objective and experimental branch of natural science and has no internal cognitive processing of information.

They recognize no dividing line between man and animal because they both learn to solely through system of positive and negative rewards.

KEY POINTS (CONTINUED) Classic conditioning,

developed by Ivan Pavlov, refers to the natural reflex that occurs in response to stimulus.

Operant conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner, is learning that is controlled and results in shaping behavior through the reinforcement of stimulus-response patterns.

Social learning, or the Social Cognitive Theory, was developed by Albert Bandura to focus on those motivational factors and self-regulatory mechanisms that contribute to a person’s behavior, rather than just environmental mechanisms, which differentiates his theories from Skinner’s operant conditioning.

Recently, Bandura’s studies have focused on self-efficacy which is a personal observation about one’s perceived

ability to feel, think, and motivate oneself to learn. Also, he considered imagery, which is a person’s ability to retain

information through images in the mind.

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) won a Nobel Prize for his work in classic conditioning. He was able to train a dog to salivate when he rang the bell.

Teachers are able to use classic conditioning with their students as well. A great example would be saying ‘clap once if you hear; clap twice if you can hear me’. When the students hear the clapping they will immediately know its time to quiet down and that the teacher is ready to speak.

BEHAVIORISM IN THE CLASSROOM.

BEHAVIORISM IN THE CLASSROOM B.F. Skinner conducted research in operant behavior.

These are behaviors that are created or reinforced by stimulus. Teachers are able to use this in various ways. Every time a child does good in the classroom him or her are able to gain a point, this can be done with paper money. Depending on the behavior the child can gain or lose money.

By the end of the week the child can trade their money for a toy or a lunch date with the teacher. This allows the child to work for something they want to achieve. Operant conditioning doesn’t only have to be done with concrete objects and toys with younger children a simple smile or hug when they do something well is a good reward.

Albert Bandura is known for his work in Social Cognitive Theory also known as Social Learning. He believes that children learn from the behaviors of others.

A simple way to use Bandura’s theory in the classroom is to promote a positive learning environment, as an educator you can create cooperative learning groups were the children can divide the work and do different tasks. This allows them to give and receive support from their teammates while being able to acknowledge how self efficient they are, giving themselves good self-esteem.

BEHAVIORISM IN THE CLASSROOM.

BEHAVIORISM IN THE CLASSROOM

Implementing Behaviorism in the classroom would be for the purpose of motivating the students to reach certain goals.

Students need reinforcement to do well on certain things. One way behaviorism could be used in our classrooms is if the class works diligently on their assignment for the first forty minutes they can spend the last ten minutes discussing assignment with classmates.

BEHAVIORISM IN THE CLASSROOM Behaviorism can also be used in ways of

punishment.

If our classroom does not settle down in the first five minutes and get their Bell work done in the first ten minutes, there will be a pop quiz given at the end of the class period on what was intended on being learned during the class time.

CLASSROOM IMPLICATIONS

Under this theory the students take a second place.

The Behaviorism assume that the only things that are

real are the things that a person can see and observe.

For this reason the students act as a responders with

stimuli in the classroom, not like a independent thinking.

In this theory only the student acts according to a

system of positive and negative rewards.

What the students do under this theory

CLASSROOM IMPLICATIONS

For example, in the classroom the student receives a praise or a positive feedback, if the answer is correctly. However, if the student does not answer as the teacher expects, the student will receive a feedback from the teacher that will change the student response in the future and adapt it to a different response to the stimulus.

What the students do under this theory

CLASSROOM IMPLICATIONS

The technology programs that students used today are created to help them to learn on the computer.

This programs helps the child learn by the drill-and- practice method, which uses the reinforcement, practice and feedback.

What the students do under this theory

WORKS CITED http://teorije-ucenja.zesoi.fer.hr/doku.php?id=learnin

g_theories:social_cognitive_learning_theory http://www.northlandprep.org/proctor/APP-Ch13.htm http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laur

eates/1904/pavlov-bio.html upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/

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