Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg...
-
Upload
alvin-mccoy -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg...
![Page 1: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Embryo Development
![Page 2: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FertilizationDuring fertilization several events occur:• The nuclei of the
egg and sperm fuse.• The zygote is
formed.• Polyspermy is
blocked.
![Page 3: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cleavage• Cellular division is mitotic not meiotic.• Cleavage divisions form a small, solid ball
of cells called a morula.
![Page 4: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Blastulation
• Cleavage continues until a hollow ball, the blastula, is formed.
• The movement of the cells into an open interior creates room for germ layers to develop.
![Page 5: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Gastrulation
![Page 6: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Germ Layers
EctodermEctoderm Ectoderm
Endoderm Endoderm Endoderm
Archenteron
Blastopore
![Page 7: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Organogenesis
![Page 9: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cell Differentiation Embyronic
induction:
“The action of one group of cells on another leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway.”
![Page 10: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cell Differentiation Homeotic genes:
“Genes that have control over a whole group of other genes and the time at which they are expressed.”
![Page 11: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cell Differentiation MicroRNA’s:
The expression of various genes are regulated by microRNAs.
![Page 12: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RNAi Technology
Possible medical applications:Prevention of:• Huntington’s
disease• HIV• Hepatitis• Measles
![Page 13: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Protostomes vs Deuterostomes
![Page 15: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Protostomes vs Deuterostomes
![Page 16: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Protostomes vs Deuterostomes
Determination of cell fate:• The type of tissue or organ a cell
will become is determined:• early in the developmental
stage of a protostome.• late in the developmental
stage of a deuterostome.
![Page 17: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Coelom Development
![Page 18: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Embryonic Stem CellsEmbryonic stem cells are different from other cells by their unique properties. They are:• Totipotent• Pluripotent• Undifferentiated• Uspecialized
![Page 19: Embryo Development. Fertilization During fertilization several events occur: The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse. The zygote is formed. Polyspermy is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56649ebb5503460f94bc32bc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Stem Cell Applications Current medical applications of stem cell research:• Repair of brain and spinal tissues.• Treatment of diseases • Cloning • Reprogramming of diseased cells.• Testing of new drugs.