Embraer ERJ-145 Flight Tutorial

D a vi d M a l e rB OOM E R A NG VIR T UA L A IR L INE [email protected]

Contents

BEFORE WE START____________________________________________________________________ 3

Warning ________________________________________________________________3

Wri t ing Style ____________________________________________________________3

Tutorial Object ives _______________________________________________________4

What you need___________________________________________________________4

Versions & Updates_______________________________________________________4

References _____________________________________________________________4

FLIGHT PREPARATION _________________________________________________________________ 5

ERJ Conf igurat ion ________________________________________________________6

Pre-F l ight Brief ing ________________________________________________________7Our Flight Plan_____________________________________________________________________ 7SID Procedures ___________________________________________________________________ 10STAR Procedures _________________________________________________________________ 12Passengers, Freight and Fuel ________________________________________________________ 14

ALL ABOARD!________________________________________________________________________ 15

Flight Simulator Star tup __________________________________________________15

Inspect ion and cockpi t instal lat ion__________________________________________16

Instrument Presentat ion __________________________________________________19

FMS Programming _______________________________________________________20

Speed setup____________________________________________________________28

Engine Start ____________________________________________________________29

Taxi __________________________________________________________________32

Takeof f ________________________________________________________________35

Cl imb _________________________________________________________________38

Cruise_________________________________________________________________40Using the FMS while cruising_________________________________________________________ 41System check_____________________________________________________________________ 42

Descent _______________________________________________________________45

Approach ______________________________________________________________50

Landing _______________________________________________________________52

Systems shutdown_______________________________________________________54

Schedule 1: FMS advanced features ______________________________________________________ 55

A> Sav e a f l ight plan ____________________________________________________55

B> Modif y a sav ed f l ight plan ______________________________________________57

C> Adding waypoints ____________________________________________________58

D> STAR procedure creat ion ______________________________________________60

E> HOLD procedure _____________________________________________________65

Glossary_____________________________________________________________________________ 67

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BEFORE WE START

Warning

!

FOR FLIGHT SIMULATION ONLY

This tutorial cannot be used in the real life and is solely reserved to fly usingMicrosoft Flight Simulator.

This tutorial is Freeware and can be freely distributed provided no changes are made to it. This tutorial wasoriginally written in French and was later translated into English. You may find some language errors soplease do not hesitate to tell me if things need to be corrected. For any questions contact the author:[email protected].

If you like my work, just let me know and drop me a few lines!

Writing Style This symbol is used when action is required from your side eg close the doors.

This symbol is used when you have to monitor something - eg check the remaining fuel.

These numbers indicate a procedure that must be followed in the same order as stated.

You will see this sign when you are given a technical explanation about the plane.

! Watch out for this sign, something important is going to be stated there.

The aural assistant Betty is now talking to you: her message will appear as follows: AURALUNIT OK.

PFD Words and abbreviations that are blue, bold and underlined are explained at the end of thistutorial in the glossary.

Paragraphs with yellow shading means that indications are given not directly related to the simulator, anatural conversation between you and me for example.

You will generally find a screenshot illustrating a written instruction. The screenshots are always displayedafter the instructions unless for screenshots containing a sequence of procedure ( ) where thescreenshot comes first immediately followed by explanations.

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Tutorial ObjectivesThis tutorial is targeted to flightsim users who are already familiar with MS Flight Simulator 9 and know thebasic commands such as how to retract the flaps or arm the speed brakes.It's been designed in a way that you will not need to refer to any external documentation to complete yourflight. Not all commands and switches are described in this tutorial though and you may find it useful to readextra documentation quoted in the reference section just below.

The main aim of this tutorial is to take you to a pleasant flight crossing France and enjoying this greatairplane made by FeelThere. Please bear in mind that I am NOT a real pilot and therefore the proceduresthat are explained here may not be always very realistic, it's all about a game after all isn't it? And gamesmean pleasure and good times! Do not hesitate to pause the simulator from time to time especially the firsttime you follow this tutorial. If you find any mistakes, plese report them to me: [email protected]

I hope you will enjoy this flight!

What you need- the great ER145 by Feelthere - www.feelthere.com

- a recent navigation cycle (nd.exe) available on Feelthere forum - www.iemit.com/forum/

- this tutorial best colour printed

- If you want my white textures, download and install them from www.boomerang.new.fr

- you may also visit the French AIP site www.sia.aviation-civile.gouv.fr to get enroute and airports charts.

Versions & UpdatesPlease refer to www.boomerang.new.fr for the latest updates of this tutorial.

References

Feelthere official documentation www.feelthere.com

Bill Grabowski panel documentation http://fsim.com.br/project-erj/panel.html

Elgan Thomas ERJ145 tutorial www.speedbirdonline.co.uk/regjet.html

Feelthere forums www.iemit.com/forum/

Fuel Planner addon and Navdata latest cycle by A. Hermano http://fliteprep.de/erj145/

Route Finder : flight plan calculation http://rfinder.asalink.net/free

French AIP www.sia.aviation-civile.gouv.fr

Brest scenery by Laurent Lequantho http://laurent.lequantho.free.fr/LFRB/

Perpignan scenery by Moustache http://perso.wanadoo.fr/moustache/

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FLIGHT PREPARATION

Flight Scenario

Your mission, should you accept it:Fly part of Perpignan local rugby team and staff to Brest in western France crossing the whole country.

Your aircraft today:A brand new Embraer Regional Jet (ERJ) model 145.

Your airline:Air Boomerang, a young regional airline that operates chartered flights and regular destinations with regionaljets - Embraer, Fokker 100.

Your copilot :David your devoted mate that will ensure all communications and radio operations during the flight.

The flight :We will start our briefing at Perpignan airport, then move out to the aircraft to inspect it and will finally boardand start our flight.

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ERJ Configuration

Click on Start / Programs / Feelthere / ERJ configuration

Change the options as illustrated below these are my suggestions not compulsory according to yourpreferences. However, all references to weights in this tutorial will be in Kilos so it may be best to switch onthis option.

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Pre-Flight Briefing

Our Flight Plan

RouteFinderRoute generator for PC flight simulation use - NOT FOR REAL WORLD NAVIGATION(C)2005 ASA srl - Italy

Computed route from RIVESALTES (LFMP, LF) to GUIPAVAS (LFRB, LF):16 fixes, 476.1 nautical miles

LFMP (0.0nm) -> MORIL (30.1nm) -UP84-> MONIX (55.7nm) -UP84-> TOU (88.6nm) -UN727-> AGN(111.3nm) -UN863-> SECHE (147.7nm) -UN863-> VELIN (183.7nm) -UN863-> CNA (229.0nm) -UN863->ADILU (264.6nm) -UN863-> MANAK (271.4nm) -UN863-> TIRAV (301.1nm) -UN863-> NTS (336.1nm) -UM616-> TERPO (353.2nm) -UM616-> KORER (383.9nm) -UM616-> ARE (442.8nm) -STAR-> LFRB(476.1nm)Details:

ID FREQ TRK DIST Coords Name/Remarks

LFMP 0 0 N4244'25.59" E00252'14.40" RIVESALTESMORIL 313 30 N4303'57.00" E00221'01.00" MORILMONIX 312 26 N4320'11.00" E00153'49.00" MONIXTOU 117.7 312 33 N4340'51.00" E00118'35.30" TOULOUSEAGN 114.8 307 23 N4353'16.90" E00052'22.30" AGENSECHE 339 36 N4426'19.00" E00030'55.00" SECHEVELIN 339 36 N4458'48.00" E00009'20.00" VELINCNA 114.65 338 45 N4539'34.40" W00018'41.90" COGNACADILU 326 36 N4607'27.00" W00050'22.00" ADILUMANAK 325 7 N4612'48.00" W00056'31.00" MANAKTIRAV 325 30 N4635'56.00" W00123'27.00" TIRAVNTS 115.5 349 35 N4709'39.10" W00136'46.70" NANTESTERPO 316 17 N4720'56.00" W00155'44.00" TERPOKORER 316 31 N4741'06.00" W00230'03.00" KORERARE 112.5 317 59 N4819'57.50" W00336'08.90" MONTS D ARREELFRB 288 33 N4826'52.48" W00425'06.74" GUIPAVAS

Tracks are magnetic, distances are in nautical miles.

LFMP MORIL UP84 TOU UN727 AGN UN863 NTS UM616 ARE STAR LFRB

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Here is our flight plan on a map:

1. From Perpignan to Cognac CNA

Source : Service de linformation aronautique : http://www.sia.aviation-civile.gouv.fr/

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2. From Cognac CNA to Monts d'Arre ARE in Brittany just before entering the city of Brest area.


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SID ProceduresWe will take off runway 33 as usual in Perpignan.We will then follow the north ORBIL SID then we will aim at heading 311 of PPG VOR to reach MORILintersection.


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STAR Procedures

Coming close to our arrival in Brest, we will follow ARE3B STAR from ARE VOR that will take us to BODILintersection.

Brest STAR and regional map


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Passengers, Freight and Fuel

Please use this weight calculator sheet below to estimate our total weight and fuel.

Bear in mind that this is not a very realistic procedure and that a fuel calculator utility is also available- seethe References section at the beginning of this tutorial

Today we expect 45 PAX + 600 kg of cargo.

ALL WEIGHTS ARE IN KILOS

ALL WEIGHTS ARE IN KILOS

ERJ 145 Weight and Fuel Calculator

Flight information

Distance 476 nm

Cruise ALT FL360

E.T.E. 1 h 30

Weight TOTAL MAX

Empty weight 12 399

Passengers 45 X 80 3600

Cargo 600

Staff 300

ZFW 16 899 17 900

Fuel min. TOTAL MAX

A taxi 10 x 1100 kg/h 183

B - ETE 90 x 1100 kg/h 1 659

C - ALT x 1100 kg/h

D - reserves 30 x 1100 kg/h 550

E extra x 1100 kg/h 200

Total fuel 2 592 5 170

Gross Weight (ZFW + fuel) 19 491 22 000

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ALL ABOARD!

Flight Simulator Startup Start MS Flight Simulator and create the following flight:

Aircraft: ERJ145 from FeelThere - cockpit 2D.

Airport: Perpignan Rivesaltes Gate/Door G2

Weather: default weather

Date & time: date does not matter but set your time to 8:30am local time.

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Inspection and cockpit installation

Open the passenger door by pressing Shift + E on the keyboard as well as the cargo door SHIFT + E +2 - luggage are on their way!

Inspect your aircraft and get on board!

Systems IgnitionMake sure the parking brake is set.

Open the console by clicking on the relevant button as shown:

The parking brake must be set and horizontal:

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Close the console and open the upper panel:

Switch on the battery by rotating the 2 knobs to AUTO

AURAL UNIT OKAY!Let me introduce you to Betty, your virtual electronic assistant.Her messages must always be listened to with great care asshe gives important information about our aircraft.

You will notice some switches on the upper panel are lit. This Embraer use the Black PanelLogic, therefore every light will have to go off before we start.

Switch on the avionics by clicking on the buttons (light must go off).

The cockpit navigation instruments must now be on PFD, MFD, EICAS

Arm the Emergency LT by moving the switch to the ARM position.

Turn the right FUEL knob to the ON position.

Start the APU by rotating the knob to the START position.

Monitor for complete startup of the APU: indication must be 100% on the EICAS as illustrated below:

Switch on the anti-ice by clicking of these two buttons light must go off.

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Turn the air conditioning ON by clicking on all lit buttons 4 of them light must go off.

No Smoking and Seat Belt signs must be ON.

Switch on the navigation lights.

Your upper panel should now look like this:

All lights are off -black panel logic

We can start boarding Passengers.

Close the upper panel

Switch off the audio alarm by clicking on the alert indicator amber button:

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You may have noticed that the time indicated on our clock is GMT. Its best to switch the clock to ourlocal time.

Click on Clock Mode Switch as shown below to display the local time:

Instrument PresentationLets start identifying the main part of our instrument panels. Try to remember their abbreviations, as they willbe referred to very frequently throughout this tutorial.

PFD - Primary Flight Display - on which you can find the EADI Electronic Altitude DirectionIndication on top and the EHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator at the bottom.

MFD - Multi Function Display

RMU - Radio Management Unit

EICAS - Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System

DCP : Display Control Panel

FGC - Flight Guidance Control on which you can find the FD flight director the AP AutoPilot

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FMS ProgrammingWe now need to set our flight plan on our FMS. We plan to takeoff at 9:00am, which means we havesomething like 30 minutes to complete our flight preparation.

Open the FMS

Lets see how it works:

In this tutorial, the 4 keys on the left will be referred to as 1L, 2L, 3L and 4L. The 4 keys on the right will bereferred as to 1R, 2R, 3R and 4R..

The scratchpad is where letters and figures will be displayed when we type something of the FMS.

In case of typing mistakes, press CLR key at the bottom. The DEL key enables to delete a whole line suchas a navigation point we will use this later on.

CAUTION : The following pages heavily use screenshots. Each screenshot shows the result of thewritten instructions stated just before.

1L

2L

3L

4L

1R

2R

3R

scratchpad

4R

Function Keys

Keyboard

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Check that all information appears in Green.Any information in RED and you will need toupdate the navigation database.

Press 4R POS INIT

Press 2R LOAD

Press 4R FLT PLAN

Type in our destination airport code, which isLFRB. You can now see the code in thescratchpad

Press 2R DEST

Let's set up our departure now. We will get back toour flight plan just after.

Press 4L DEPARTURE

Press 3R 33 (runway)

The Navigation Database does not hold PerpignanSID at this time of writing, we will try to follow itmanually instead. Refer to schedule 1 to learn howto create your own SID or STAR procedures.

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Press 4R - ACTIVATE

We now need to type our waypoints.

Type the first waypoint MORIL

Press 2L to store the value

Type the next point: UP84.TOU

Press 3L

Press then type the nextpoint UN727.AGN


Type the next point UN863.NTS

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Press 3 times to reach page 5 wherewe can type our next point UM616.ARE

Press 1L

Lets deal with our arrival now.

Press NAV

Press 3R to choose ARRIVAL

Press 1L to select our runway

Choose runway 26L by clicking 3L

Press 4R to get back to the ARRIVAL page

Press 3L to choose the STAR

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Press 1L - ARE3B Press 4L - ACTIVATE

Our flight plan is now complete.

Click on PREV and NEXT to check the different pages to see if everything is ok.

Lets have a look at our flight plan on the map of the MFD.

On the MFD, click on B2 - MFD then B3 - JSTK.

Click on B2 - SKP to move to the next waypoint. Click on B3 - RCL to get back to the previous waypoint.

Adjust the zoom by rotating the knob as illustrated on the bottom right corner just above.

Once everything reviewed, do not forget to come back to the first waypoint by clicking several times onB3 RCL. Once achieved, click twice on B1 - RTN to get back to the MFD initial display.

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6

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Lets get to PERF INIT data : altitude, weight, fuel,etc.

Press 4R - PERF INIT

Press

Page 2 shows speeds related to CLIMB, CRUISEand DESCENT. We can leave this as it is.

Press

On page 3, this is where we could increase ourreserves or fuel necessary for takeoff. Were goingto leave those values as they are.

Press

We need to change two things on this page thetransition altitude which is 5,000 ft @ Perpignanand our Cruise Altitude which will be be 36,000 ftor FL360 today.

Type 5000 in the scratchpad then press 1L Type 36000 then press 2L

Page 4 should now look like this:

Press

Last page is about the weight and fuel of ouraircraft. Remember that we calculated this on theFreight, Passenger and Fuel page of this tutorial.We were just confirmed that we have 45passengers on board.

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Click on Aircraft / Weight and fuel menu of Flight Simulator and choose Modify weight. Change thevalues to get to a total weight of 4500 as illustrated below:

We also previously calculated that we needed 2,592 kilos of fuel for this flight.

Change the quantity of fuel so that you reach these figures. In this example, I modified both tanks @51% of their total capacity which gives a total weight of 2,638 kilos. It is slightly more that we wanted but itsbetter to have more than less!

Check that the gross weight does not exceed the Max Takeoff Weight:

Click OK to get back to our flight and FMS programming.

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Type in the fuel quantity then press 2L -GAUGE

Type in 600 for cargo then press 3L

Type in 45/80 - 45 passengers @ 80Kg each -then press 1R

Check the gross weight as indicated below.Today we have something close to 19,5 tons:

Press 4R - CONFIRM INIT

Press 4R PERF DATA.

FMS forecast is 1h16 of flight time - ETE.

Press

Our flight will be 477nm long and our landingweight will be around 18,2 tons. We will need thisweight to calculate our landing speed later.

Press 4R TAKEOFF

We need to type the speed and direction of thewind. There is no wind today in Perpignan.

Type in 0/0 in the scratchpad then press 2R

Press FPL to get back to our flight plan.

Close the FMS

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Speed setup

On the MFD, press B2 MFD then press B2 - SPD. Here is what you get:

Use the reference speed table below to calculate our speed. Today our weight is 19.5 tons:

WEIGHT(tons) V1 VR V2 VFS

14 113 122 128 14214,5 113 122 127 14515 113 121 126 147

15,5 113 121 126 15016 114 121 125 152

16,5 116 123 127 15417 119 126 129 156

17,5 122 128 131 15818 124 130 133 160

18,5 127 132 135 16319 129 134 137 165

19,5 132 136 138 16720 134 138 140 169

20,5 137 140 142 17121 139 142 144 173

21,5 141 144 146 17522 143 146 148 177

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We need to set up 4 speeds:

- V1 - magenta colour is when we decide whether to carry on or stop our take off.- VR blue colour is when we can ROTATE ! and take off.- V2 white colour is when we reach our safety speed to take off,- AP green colour is the best speed for climbing.

Click on B3 - V1 to select the first speed.

A white frame must appear around V1.

Click on the jog dial as shown above to select V1 - 132 knots.

Repeat this for VR, V2 et AP by selecting the speed indicated on the table the page before.

You should get this :

Click on B1 - RTN to get back to the initial page of the MFD.

Engine StartAll passengers have now boarded cant you hear them singing?

Close all doors using Shift + E for main door and SHIFT + E + 2 for cargo.

Check the MFD: all doors must be green.

We have now our clearance to start off the engines. As there are no pushing back facilities at PerpignanAirport, we can start immediately.

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Open the overhead panel

Turn the Red Beacon on to warn the ground staff that we are about to start the engines.

Press the APU BLEED button that should lit- you should also hear the APU engine starting.

Check the Ignition Settings knobs that must be on AUTO.

Turn the left fuel pump knob to the ON position.

Right-click on engine n2 protective cover to open it and move the knob to the START position. Right-click again to move the protective cover back to the knob.

Engine n2 is now starting automatically. Check on the EICASthe % value of engine 2 : engine starts at 23% then stabilizes at65%.

Repeat n to start engine n1.

Once both engines started, switch the electric pumps on to the AUTO position.

Press APU BLEED switch () to turn it off.

Switch off the APU completely by pressing the STOP button first then move the knob to the OFFposition.

ENG NO TO DATA alarm should blink on the EICAS.

Close the overhead panel and cut the alarm by clicking on the yellow button.

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Check the EICAS, on which one single indication should remain - ENG NOTO DATA (Engine No Takeoff Data) which means we will now have to set theFADEC for takeoff.

Open again the overhead panel.

Press once Take off Data Store button to select takeoff mode.

Check for a little triangle next to T/O MODE on the MFD which means theline is now selected.

Turn this knob so as to change the desired mode. In our case we will keep it default - T/O-1.

Press again Take off Data Store button to select the outside temperature.

REF TO TEMP line is now selected.

Turn the knob either left or right to change the selected temperature. Today outside temperature is15C.

Press Take off Data Store button once again to select REF A-ICE.

Turn the knob to either activate or deactivate this mode. We will leave it to OFF.

Press Take off Data Store one last time to complete the FADEC setting.

All EICAS indications referring to the engines should now appear in blue. ENG NO TO DATA shouldalso disappear from the EICAS.

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TaxiWe have just received our clearance for taxi.

Open the overhead panel and switch on the TAXIlights.

Close the overhead panel.

Open the console

Release the GUST LOCK click within the red area.

Activate the TOGA (Take-Off / Go Around) click within the red area

Take a look at the PFD : ROL TO is now displayed in green and the magenta horizontal bar goes upto 15 as illustrated below:

Release the parking brake.

Close the console and move gently the throttle up to start moving the plane. Adjust thrust during taxi tomaintain low speed. Do not over speed 15 KTS.

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TAXI

We are now heading to runway 33.

On the DCP, click on FMS button to select it as our navigation source. Turn also the two knobs to theFMS position.

Take a look at the EHSI on the PFD. Information is now displayed in magenta, which acknowledgesthat our FMS has been selected as our navigation source. The first waypoint is displayed MORIL- as wellas its distance - 30 nautical miles. The ground speed is also displayed - 14 KTS in this example.

Lower the flaps to 9 position and check their position on the EICAS

Raise the TRIM until the green arrow gets to the green zone as displayed below.

Press TO CONFIG button on the console as shown on the next page.

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TAKE OFF - OKAY !

!Betty might tell you something else, if so please review what you missed.

TAKE OFF - TRIM!

TAKE OFF - FLAPS!

TAKE OFF - BRAKES!

On the FGC, rotate the altitude selection wheel to select 5,000 feet(Right clicking on the wheel will change the altitude faster)

On the RMU, Press 4L twice to activate TCAS.

TA/RA indication is now displayed.

Change the RANGE of the TCAS if required by pressing5L set to 12 nautical miles in this example.

Press 6L to choose to display either NORMAL, ABOVE orBELOW traffic.

Engage the parking brake once aligned on the runway to prevent the plane from moving while wemake the final preparation for takeoff..

END OF TAXI

1R2R

3R4R

5R6R

1L2L

3L4L

5L6L

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TakeoffWe are now on runway 33 ready for takeoff

Switch on the Landing lights and the STROBE and switch off the Taxi lights.

Open the FADEC window

Press the T/O button to select takeoff thrust.

Check on the EICAS the little T blue sign that will limit maximum thrust to avoid engine damage whiletakeoff.

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Lets take advantage of the low traffic on this airport to take our time to understand how the FGC - FlightGuidance Control works on this aircraft. You can pause the simulator if you like.

!

Our FGC is quite different from the other jets and we must make sure that we fullyunderstand its logic if we dont want to crash or make our passengers sick.

First thing to do is to choose one of the two Autopilot by pressing the CPL (Coupling) button. Beingseated on the left side as the captain of this aircraft, choose the left autopilot. Check for the green arrowpointing to your direction to the left. Also take a look at the PFD where the green arrow between ROL andTO points out to your direction.

Second thing to do is to check that the Flight Director (FD) is on. You cannot use the autopilotwithout using the FD. Check that the green light on FD1 is on.

Third, align the heading bug HDG onto our current heading, which in this case is 330 by pressing thecentre of the heading selection wheel.

Check on the PFD that theblue heading bug matches ourcurrent heading. We can alsovisually check this on the MFD.

!

Always monitor the result of your action on the PFD after activating a command onthe FGC to double-check your action.

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Also check the display of the PFD. Active modes are displayed in green. Armed modes appear in white.In this example, lateral active mode is ROL, which is good for takeoff. Active vertical mode is TO for takeoff.No lateral mode is armed for the moment whereas ASEL is our vertical armed mode. ASEL stands forAltitude selection, which means that our aircraft will reach the selected altitude of 5,000 feet.

TAKEOFF!

Move the throttle to full thrust and maintain the aircraft aligned onto the runway.

Check the engine thrust on the EICAS.

When reaching VR speed, rotate by gently pulling the joystick. Monitor your PFD and try to maintain themagenta bar aligned as illustrated below:

ROTATE!

Raise the gear when airborne

Press CLB thrust mode to reduce thrust.

ROLlateral active mode

TOvertical active modePilot in command

ASELarmed vertical mode

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Climb Push the AP button of the FGC along with HDG FLC to make those modes active.

!Leave the joystick alone!

If you fly using a joystick, do not touch it after engaging the autopilot because itremains active and could alter the automatic heading and vertical speed of theflight computer.

The aircraft should now fly by herself heading to 330 and climb to the selected altitude of 5,000 feet.

Raise the flaps completely when passing VREF or AP speed indicator.

Arm LNAV mode by pressing the NAV button.

NAV should light and HDG also remains lit.

Turn the HDG wheel selector to achieve a newheading of 300

It is now time to quickly analyze what the PFD is tellingus. We have just taken off and we can already see a lot on it:

- The active navigation mode is FMS: we know this becausethe information is displayed in magenta colour.

- The next waypoint is MORIL which is 26.5 nm ahead of us

- Our ground speed is 192 KTS.

- We are climbing to 5,000 feet at 3,300 feet/minute.

- The autopilot is ON (AP). HDG and CLB are active, LNAVand ASEL are armed.

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Increase our selected altitude to 10,000 feet by rotating the ASEL knob.

At around 7,000 feet, the FMS should capture our programmed route. LNAV mode should becomeactive and displayed in green on the PFD while HDG light on the button goes off on the FGC.

Increase the selected altitude to 36,000 feet using the ASEL knob.

Passing 10,000 feet, switch off the landing lights as well as the seat belt sign.

Et voil! We have now completed the biggest part of our work. The FGC is now dealing with navigation andour work will be to monitor our instruments to check that everything goes fine.

Autopilot vertical modes: FLC and VS

In this type of aircraft, FLC mode is generally used for climbing up to 10,000 feet. Thismode automatically adjusts vertical speed to maintain a maximum air speed of 250 kts.Passing 10,000 feet, FLC mode will adjust vertical speed to reach Mach 0.56. VS mode isused when constant vertical speed is required - 2,000 feet / minute for example.

In case of turbulence, it is best to use VS instead of FLC mode.

BUZZ - BUZZ - BUZZ

You will hear 3 buzz when reaching ASEL less 1,000 feet, i.e. 35,000 feet in our case. This is to warn usthat we are about to reach our cruising altitude. It has taken 20 minutes so far for our aircraft to reach ourcruising altitude.

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Cruise When reaching cruising altitude, make sure the aircraft levels off at 36,000 feet and that vertical speedgreen arrow points to 0. ALT mode is now the active vertical mode:

At 36,000 feet, press CRZ (CRUISE) as illustrated below.

Engine thrust will reduce automatically. Depending on winds, speed will carry on increasing and we mustcontinuously check it as there are no auto throttles on this aircraft.

!No auto-throttles

Always adjust thrust to avoid over speeding. The SPD mode on the FGC paneldoes not maintain airspeed while cruising.

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Using the FMS while cruising

Open the FMS and click on PROG

On page 1 of PROGRESS, we can see that:

- The next waypoint to reach is AGN magenta colour. It is10nm ahead of us and we should reach it within 1 minuteapproximately.

- We will reach our destination (runway 26L of Brest) within377nm or 56 minutes in-flight.

Press NEXT to move to the next page:

On page 2, we can see that:

- We are flying at maximum cruising speed (MMO)

- Top of Climb TOC is passed (PAST)

- Top of Descent TOD, i.e. when we have to start descending,will take place in 29 minutes after flying 217nm. Vertical speedat that time will have to be set to 2,600 feet/minute.

Press FLP to monitor our flight plan progress:

- AGN in yellow is where we come from

- SECHE in magenta is where we are heading to

- VELIN in green is the next waypoint of our flight plan.

PROG and FPL buttons are the only ones of the FMS that we will use during cruising. Do not hesitate topress them every time you want to know where we are. It is a good thing to leave the FMS window openwhile cruising so as not to miss our TOD.

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System check

Lets take advantage of this time to review the different systems of our aircraft. We will monitor all this usingthe PFD and MFD.

EHSI full / arc Mode

Press EHSI full /arc mode button of the DCP to change the display of the EHSI on the PFD. The nextbutton to its right (Ground speed / time to go) enables to toggle display between ground speed (GSPD) andthe estimated time (ET) needed to reach our next waypoint.

MFD System menu

Press B1 SYS to check the different systems of the aircraft.

T/O page is default (takeoff). We know it is Takeoff page that iscurrently displayed because the T/O indication is white framed. On thispage, we can check that all doors are secure.

Press B3 - ECS/AI to access information about oxygen andtemperature.

Press B4 - FUEL to check the fuel level. TOTAL in kilos gives usthe remaining fuel.

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6

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!

WATCH OUT FOR THE FUEL BUTTON

Do not press again B4 FUEL while on the fuel page. Pressing B4 again wouldrefuel the tanks to 100%. This is obviously not very realistic and is not somethingwe want.

Press B5 - HYD to check the hydraulic systems.

Finally press B6 - ELEC to get to the electric systems page.

Press B1 RTN to get back to the initial page of the MFD.

Press B2 MFD

Press B2 SPDS to see the Speed page then B3 JSTK to move from waypoint to waypoint on theflight plan map (see page 26).

B4 - NAV APT and B5 DATA are used to filter the level of informationdisplayed on the map. In this example, every information available isdisplayed: we can see information about our flight plan (DATA) in magenta,surrounding airports (APT) in blue and navigation aids (NAV) in green.

B6 MAINT is inop.

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Press B1 - RTN

B3 CKLST and B5 WX are inop.

Press B4 TCAS to display the surrounding traffic.

Press B6 - PLAN to display our flight plan oriented to the north. Press B6 again to get back to the initialflight plan display.

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Descent On the FMS, press PROG then NEXT to move to page 2. Top Of Descent (TOD) will start in 22nm or 3minutes : wed better hurry!

Click on FPL button of the FMS and make a note of the various altitudes to reach as we will progress onour flight plan:

Waypoint Altitude toreach

Distance

TERPO 36,000KORER 26,800 59 nmARE 8,100 16 nmARE16 3,000 6 nmBODIL 2,000

Turn the ASEL knob of the FGC to select 26,800 feet. Check the ASEL value in blue on the PFD :

Let's also modify the Decision Height altitude for landing which in Brest is 520 feet. Turn the knob asillustrated below to set 520.

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Let's setup our reference speed for landing right now. Remember that our FMS had forecast a landingweight of around 18 tons at the beginning of the flight.

LANDING SPEED TABLE FLAPS 45

Weights(kilos) VFS Vref45 Vga9 Target

21744 175 136 166 140+21291 174 135 164 140+20838 172 134 162 140+20385 170 132 161 140+19932 169 131 160 140+19479 167 130 158 14019026 165 128 156 13818573 163 127 154 13718120 161 126 153 13617667 159 124 151 13417214 157 123 149 13316761 155 121 147 13116308 154 120 145 13015855 151 118 143 12815402 14* 117 142 12714949 147 115 140 12514496 145 114 137 12414043 143 114 135 12413590 140 114 133 12413137 138 114 131 12412684 136 114 129 124

VFS Optimal Approach Speed. To be set on V1.Vref45 Reference Speed for landing with flaps 45. To be set on VR.Vga9 TO/GA security speed with flaps 9. To be set on V2.Target Landing Speed Target = Vref45 + 10 knots. To be set on AP.

On the MFD, press B2 - MFD then press B2 - SPD. Type in the reference speeds. You should get this :

See page 30 in case you forget how to set up speeds.

Watch out for the FMS indications PROG page 2 as well the MDF so as to not overshoot the TOD!

When reaching TOD, push FLC on the FGC to start descent.

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Reduce thrust to avoid over speed.

OVERSPEED! OVERSPEED!

Check the vertical speed on the PFD:

!

We have now a little problem: the aircraft is not descending fast enough: the little magentatriangle is far too low. Ideally it should be next to the horizontal white line facing the currentaltitude. We now have to increase our vertical speed.

To solve this problem, press VS mode on the FGC and increase the vertical speed by rotating the SPDbutton. In this example, the vertical speed is set to 2,600 feet / minute.

Beware! Increasing the vertical speed will also increase the air speed of the aircraft. Reduce thrust ifrequired to lower speed.

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While descending, we are going to input the ILS frequency for our landing in Brest.

Press 2R to select NAV1 of the RMU

Tune ILS frequency to 109.9

Press 1R of the RMU to activate the frequency.

We are now getting close to KORER. Our next waypoint is ARE where we have to achieve 8,100 feet.

Set altitude to 8,100 feet using the ASEL knob on the FGC.

Passing KORER, we carry on our descent for around 60NM.

Reduce vertical speed using the SPD button to establish 1,800 feet/minute (VS mode on the FGCshould be selected).

We are now approaching 12,000 feet.

Start reducing thrust to achieve 250 KTS at 10,000 feet so that Betty will not shout at us!

Switch the seat belt signal on.

Use the speed brakes if necessary to slow down the aircraft.

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We are now passing 10,000 feet

Switch on the landing lights on the overhead panel.

Do not over speed 250 KTS.

Look for the next waypoint to reach on the FMS which is ARE16. Turn the ASEL knob to 3,000 feet.

Reduce speed to 240 KTS.

We are now a few miles away from ARE and we are about to start our approach.

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ApproachWe have just reached ARE and are now heading to BODIL following ARE3B STAR.Check the STAR map of Brest on page 13. Make sure to establish 3,000 feet at BODIL which isapproximately 22nm ahead of us.

Set ASEL to 2,000 feet.

At ARE16, reduce vertical speed VS to 1,000 feet / minute.

Reduce speed to 200 KTS when passing BODIL.

Passing BODIL, our aircraft makes a left turn to 255 and should align on the runway heading.

Once heading stabilized, push HDG knob on the FGC so as to synchronize HDG with our currentheading.

Press NAV button on the DCP to select VOR-ILS navigation source. Turn the knob to NAV1 position.

Information is now displayed in green which means we are not using the FMS any longer as ournavigation source

Set the OBS to read 256 - this is our runway heading - by turning the CRS1 knob of the FGC. Check onthe PFD that CRS reads 256 as illustrated above.

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Press APR on the FGC to capture the LOC

It is now very important to check the active and armed modeson the PFD.

Active lateral mode should be LOC which means that the FDhas captured the LOC. We are now 10.2 nm from BG - thelanding edge.

Active vertical mode is ALT : altitude is 2,000 feet.

Vertical armed mode is GS - Glide Slope - which means ouraircraft will start descending following the glide slope at around5nm from BG. The little green triangle now located just underGS to the right will lower we approach BG.

At BG-10 (i.e. at 10nm from BG), reduce speed to 180KTS and lower the flaps to 9

At BG-9, reduce speed to 160KTS and lower the flaps to 18

When the GS is locked, lower the flaps to 22, reduce speed to 160 KTS and lower the gears!

Keep reducing speed to achieve TARGET speed, which is 136 KTS for today.

Lower completely the flaps to 45. Maintain the target speed. Use the AP green bug on the PFD.

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Landing

APPROACHING MINIMUMS

We are now close to our decision height which is 520 feet.

MINIMUMS MINIMUMS

Press AP and YD on the FGC to disengage the autopilot and the yaw damper

AUTOPILOT !

Manually fly the aircraft and maintain it on the glide slope and heading. Slowly reduce the thrust to reachthe target landing speed.

Reduce thrust completely above the tarmac and flare the aircraft.

Upon touching down, move gently the joystick forward to land the forward wheel of the aircraft. Reversethe thrust by pressing the F2 key of the keyboard. The speed brakes are automatically extended.

Watch the automatic speed brakes !

Once reaching 80 KTS, cancel reverse thrust and apply the brakes to reach approx. 20 KTS.

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Switch off the landing lights and the STROBE upon leaving the runway.

Press 4L of the RMU to switch off the TCAS. STANDBYmode is now displayed.

Raise the flaps progressively and completely

Switch on the TAXI lights.

Switch on the APU

Engage the parking brake on the console when you reach the gate.

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Systems shutdown Switch off the hydraulic pumps on the overhead panel.

Move the thrust levers back to idle and engage the Gust Lock by clicking within the red area asillustrated below:

Shut down the engines by moving the two knobs to STOP.

Switch off the Red Beacon.

Switch off the SEAT BELT sign.

Open the passengers door and let them go!

Close the fuel pumps to the OFF position.

Switch off the emergency lights.

Switch off APU by pressing first the black STOP button then moving the know to OFF.

Switch off the avionics by pressing both buttons that should now lit.

Switch off the batteries by rotating the two knobs to OFF.

Here we are! You finally made it! I hope you enjoyed flying with this tutorial as much as I enjoyedwriting it. Let me thank Feelthere again for creating such a great aircraft.See you soon for new adventures on board!

Visit my website for recent updates and new stuff:

David Maler June 2005

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Schedule 1: FMS advanced features

A> Save a flight planFollow this procedure if you want to save your flight plans.

In this example, we will create the following flight plan:

Paris Orly LFPO -> Perpignan Rivesaltes LFMP

LFPO SID TURBO DCT BADAM UY27 SIJAN STAR LFMP

Open up the FMS and press 4R POS INIT

Press 2R - LOAD

Press

Press 1L FPL LIST. Here is the list of thesaved flight plans. In this case, SIDSIJAN is theonly one in the memory of our FMS.

Type the name of the flight plan we want tocreate, I suggest using the names of the airports,eg LFPO-LFMP:

Press 1L to enter our flight plan.

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Type in the different waypoints: TURBO,BADAM and then UY27.SIJAN. Refer to earlierpages of the tutorial for full procedure on how totype in waypoints.

Once done, you should get this:

Press 4R FPL SEL

Press 1R - ACTIVATE

Our flight plan is now active.

Lets check now that the flight plan has been savedproperly.

Press then 1L FPL LIST

You should see our newt flight plan listed asillustrated below:

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B> Modify a saved flight planIn this example, we are going to modify LFPO-LFMP flight plan that we created earlier. We want to removeBADAM waypoint from it.

Display the flight plan list (refer to previouspages for procedures).

Press 2L in our case to select the flight planthen 1L to load it into the FMS.

Press DEL on the keyboard of the FMSthen 3L-BADAM. BADAM waypoint is nowdeletedl.

Press 4R - FPL SEL then 1R ACTIVATE

Press 4R - YES to save the modifications oralternatively 4L - NO to cancel the changes.

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C> Adding waypointsYou may have to manually add waypoints from time to time as not every one of them is stored in theNavdata file of the FMS, especially if you want to create SID or STAR procedures.

In this example, we want to add a new waypoint which location is:

Nord 42 46.55 - Est 2 53.57

Open up the FMS then press 4R POS INIT.

Press 2R - LOAD

Press

Press 2L WPT LIST

In this example, several waypoints have alreadybeen created.

Lets give a name to the waypoint we are nowcreating:

Type in FIX01 then press 1L

We now need to enter its location:

North 42 46.55 - East 2 53.57

Type in exactly N4246.5E00253.6 then press2L

46.55 has been rounded to 46.5. Same thing for53.57 that has been rounded to 53.6 this is arequirement for this FMS.

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Press 4L to get back to the waypoint list. Repeat this procedure to add any extra waypoint.

A new file is created every time you add a new waypoint. These small files are stored in the FlightSimulator 9 / Feelthere / CustomDB folder as illustrated below:

It is best to backup these files into another folder that you will keep in a safe place just in case you encountera problem or overwriting of these files.

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D> STAR procedure creationIn this example, we are going to create STAR SIJAN procedure for runway 33 of Perpignan Airport. At thetime of writing this tutorial, this procedure does not exist in the NavData so its a good example and canvirtually be adapted to any other SID / STAR procedure you might want to create.

You must read the previous chapters of Schedule 1 to fully understand whats coming next.

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1st step: Get the geographical location of STAR waypoints.

We will use FSNavigator www.fsnavigator.com - to generate a flight plan from SIJAN waypoint to theSTAR procedure for runway 33:

2nd step: Waypoint creation

Refer to the previous chapter to create the different waypoints that will enable us to build up our STARprocedure.

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In this example, we will need to create the following waypoints:

FSNavigatorname

FMSSuggested

nameLocation FMS format totype in

Fix01 SIJ01 N4242.67 E00304.57 N4242.7E00304.6

Fix02 SIJ02 N4241.50 E00305.86 N4241.5E00305.8

Fix03 SIJ03 N4239.04 E00305.52 N4239E00305.5

Fix04 SIJ04 N4237.57 E00303.88 N4237.6E00303.9

Fix05 SIJ05 N4236.41 E00300.31 N4236.4E00300.3

Fix06 SIJ06 N4239.26 E00256.74 N4239.3E00256.7

Always name your waypoints in a sensible way so that you will find them easily when yo need them. Here Ichose the first 3 letters of the name of SIJAN STAR followed by an order number.

3rd step: STAR procedure construction using the flight plan saving facility.

We are now going to create a new flight plan that will not start and end with an airport name but insteadnavaids or waypoints.

Display the flight plan page (refer to previoussection on how to it).

Type in the name of the STAR - STARSIJANfor exemple.

Press 1L

Type in the first waypoint as ORIGIN which isSIJAN.

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Press 1L

Type the arrival waypoint which PL NDB andpress 2R

The FMS found 3 entries matching PL:

Press 1L to select Perpignan PL.

Type in the name of the first waypoint wecreated for this procedure which is SIJ01

Press 2L

Press 2L again to copy SIJ01 into thescratchpad.

Press CLR key once on the FMS keyboard todelete the 1 and get SIJ0 then type in 2

Press 3L to add SIJ02 to the flight plan.

Repeat this procedure to type in all ourwaypoints. You should get several pages at theend.

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Press 4R

Press 1L to AC TIVATE our flight plan

The flight plan is now listed with different colours.

Press NAV of the FMS then 1L FLP LIST

Check the list of flight plans to make sure that STARSIJAN we have just created is listed.

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E> HOLD procedureYou can easily add a HOLD procedure to your flight plan. You can either do this on the ground while enteringyour flight plan or later while en route.

The procedure to follow is fairly simple. In this example, we will load the existing STARSIJAN flight plan thatwe created previously and we will add a HOLD procedure at SIJ01 waypoint, which is FIX01 on FSnavigatormap see page 61 and in real life close to LANET see map page 60 which is where aircrafts hold atPerpignan airport

Open up the FMS and load our flight planSTARSIJAN. Make sure this flight plan is activeinto the memory of the FMS before moving ahead.Once activated, you should get something like this:

Press key

Press 4L PATTERN

Press 1L HOLD

*HOLD* is now displayed in the scratchpadarea.

Press 2L SIJ01 to add HOLD to it

Default Hold pattern turn is right (DIR= RightTURN).If you want to change its direction, you must firstinput the CRS then the direction such as: 189/Lthen press 3L to replace the existing pattern.If you change the length of the leg like 3NM below,the time leg will also change 0.7 minutes here,which is 42 seconds.

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Press 4R - ACTIVATE

H letter indicates where our Holding patternwill take place.

Also check the holding pattern on the map.

Should you decide to to remove the Holdingpattern:

Press

Press 4L - PATTERN

Press 1L HOLD

Press 2L SIJ01

Press 4L CLEAR to cancel HOLD.

H letter disappears from SIJ01 waypoint.

Check that the holding pattern has alsodisappeared on the map.

When flying, our aircraft will automatically enter theholding pattern when reaching the H waypoint. Youcan cancel the holding pattern before entering it.

In the following example, a HOLD pattern wasdefined on SIJ05. As you reach the previouswaypoint -SIJ04 - EXIT HOLD comes up under 4L.To cancel HOLD, simply press 4L. If not theaircraft will enter HOLD upon reaching SIJ05.EXIT HOLD remains active until you decide to exitthe pattern by pressing 4L.

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Glossary

Abbr. Definition

AIP Aeronautical Information Publication

AP Auto Pilot

APR Approach

APU Auxiliary Power Unit

ASEL Altitude SELection

ATC Air Trafic Control

CPL CouPLing

DCP Display Control Panel

EADI Electronic Altitude DirectionIndicator

EHSI Electronic Horizontal SituationIndicator

EICAS Engine Indication and Crew AlertingSystem

ETE Estimated Time En route

FADEC Fully Automated Digital ElectronicControl

FD Flight Director

FGC Flight Guidance Control

FLC Flight level change

FMS Flight Management System

Abbr. Definition

FPS Frames Per Second

GS Glide Slope

HDG Heading

ILS Instrument Landing System

LOC Localizer

OBS Omni Bearing Selector

MFD Multi Function Display

PFD Primary Flight Display

RMU Radio Management Unit

SID Standard Instrument Departure

SPD Speed

STAR Standard Terminal Arrival Route

TCAS Traffic alert and collision avoidancesystem

TOC Top of climb

TOD Top Of Descent

VS Vertical Speed

YD Yaw Damper

ZFW Zero Fuel Weight

Embraer ERJ-145 Flight Tutorial

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Transcript of Embraer ERJ-145 Flight Tutorial