Embedded  Compu+ng  

Bill  Drake  Strategic  Technology  Manager  Emerson  Climate  Technologies  

White  Rodgers  

Embedded  Compu+ng  •  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  –  Power  –  Cost  – User  Interface  –  I/O  – Heat  – Opera+onal  Timing  –  Robust  Opera+on  –  Recovery  –  Security  –  Compliance  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  – Power  

•  BaHery  –  Type  of  BaHery  

»  Rechargeable  »           Connector  Constraints  »           Costs  of  Cables  and  Chargers  »  One  Time  Use  

–  Legal  requirements  for  recycling,  charging,  disposal?  –  Opera+ng  length  of  +me  on  one  cycle?  –  Physical  size  constraints?    

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  – Cost  

•  Processor  System  –  CPU,  Memory,  I/O  

•  Manufacturing  Costs  –  BGA  –  Lead/Lead  Free  –  Assembly  Tes+ng  

•  Design  Tool  Costs  –  Integrated  Development  Environment  –  Opera+ng  System  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  – User  Interface  

•  Limited  Number  of  Indicators  •  Limited  Number  of  Ac+vators  (pushbuHons)  •  Must  factor  in  power  requirements  •  Must  factor  in  opera+ng  system/+ming  constraints  •  Interrupt  structure  must  provide  for  user  feedback  +ming  •  Cost  of  Interface  components  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  –  I/O  

•  Real  +me  signal  requirements  •  Communica+on  requirements  •  Interrupt  system  structure  to  support  real  +me  and  communica+on  opera+on  •  System  on  chip  versus  components  •  Peripheral  connec+ons  •  Cost  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  – Heat  

• Wasted  Energy  •  Interacts  with  I/O,  User  Interface  and  Sensors  •  Affects  BaHery  Life/power  supply  requirements  •  Packaging  must  enable  dissipa+on  of  excess  heat  •  Opera+ng  in  cold  environments  must  provide  heat  to  enable  opera+on  •  Temperature  Range  of  opera+on  must  be  taken  into  account  when  choosing  components  •  Cost  impacts  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  – Opera+onal  Timing  

•  Resonator  vs.  crystal  •  Stability  requirements  •  Affects  on  power  requirements  •  Processor  speed  •  Interrupt  servicing  requirements  •  Memory  cycle  requirements  •  Manufacturing  constraints  •  Cost  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  – Robust  Opera+on  

•  Opera+ng  Environment  –  Heat/Cold/stability  –  Electrical  Noise  –  Tolerance  for  component  degrada+on  

•  Legal  and  Liability  Requirements  – Medical  applica+ons  –  AircraW  –  Home  Automa+on  –  Toys  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  – Recovery  

• Watchdog  Timer  •  Human  Interven+on?  •  Over  The  Air  Reprogramming  •  Connected  Reprogramming  •  Serviceable  components  •  Cost  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  – Security  

•  Compe+tors/Hackers  stealing  the  opera+ng  code  •  Compe+tors/Hackers  subs+tu+ng  opera+ng  code  •  Legal  requirements  regarding  any  data  in  the  system  •  Legal  requirements  regarding  data  communica+ons  with  the  system  •  Affects  on  the  processor,  memory,  other  design  components  •  Cost    

Embedded  Compu+ng  •  Design  and  Opera+ng  Constraints  –  Compliance  

•  FCC,  CE,  IC,  R&TTE,  Telec  …  •  HIPPA  •  WiFi,  ZigBee,  Z-­‐Wave,  Bluetooth  •  NEMA  •  ASHRAE  •  Consumer  Product  Safety  Commission  •  Trade  Compliance  •  OSHA  •  California  Title  24  •  Chemical  and  Recycle  Labeling  •  …  •  Cost  Considera+ons  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Concept  of  New  Motes  – Exis+ng  Motes  operate  with  IEEE  802.15.4  – Consider  design  of  new  motes  with  alternate  wireless  technologies  •  IEEE  802.11  •  Bluetooth  Basic  Rate  •  Bluetooth  High  Rate  •  Bluetooth  Low  Energy  •  900  MHz  (North  America)/800  MHz  (EU)/  Other  •  Other  band?  

Embedded  Compu+ng  •  Concept  of  New  Motes  –  Power  –  Cost  – User  Interface  –  I/O  – Heat  – Opera+onal  Timing  –  Robust  Opera+on  –  Recovery  –  Security  –  Compliance  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Concept  of  New  Motes  – Processor  Requirement?  

•  ARM  •  Texas  Instruments  •  Freescale  •  Energy  Micro  •  Microchip  •  ST  •  Toshiba  •  Samsung  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Concept  of  New  Motes  – User  Interface  

•  Provisioning  •  Opera+ng  Status  •  Control  •  Signal  Strength  Indica+on  •  Loss  of  Signal  Indica+on  •  Power  Status  •  I/O  func+on  status  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Concept  of  New  Motes  – Opera+ng  Environment  

•  Temperature  Range  • Wireless  Environment  •  Desired  Communica+on  Range  •  Industrial  •  Commercial  •  Consumer  •  Aerospace  •  Outer  space  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Concept  of  New  Motes  – Size?  – Manufacturing  constraints  

•  BGA?  •  Lead  Free  •  Other  

– Power  

Embedded  Compu+ng  

•  Concept  of  New  Motes  – Opera+ng  System  

•  RTOS  •  Scheduler  •  None  •  Linux  

–  Impact  on  Memory  and  Processor  Requirements?  

Embedded  Compu+ng  •  Concept  of  New  Motes  –  Power  -­‐  –  Cost  – User  Interface  -­‐  –  I/O  -­‐  – Heat  -­‐  – Opera+onal  Timing  –  Robust  Opera+on  –  Recovery  –  Security  –  Compliance  

Wireless  Sensor  Networks  •  Wireless  Applica+ons  –  Long  Range  –  Licensed  Bands  

•  Oil  Pipeline  Management  •  Natural  Gas  Pipeline  Management  •  City  Water  Departments  •  Power  Distribu+on  Advantages  •  No  one  else  allowed  to  use  your  frequency  Disadvantages  •  Cost  and  +me  delay  for  licensing  •  Limited  number  of  licenses  available  

Wireless  Sensor  Networks  •  Wireless  Applica+ons  

–  Short  Range  –  Unlicensed  Bands  •  Industrial  Sensor  Systems  

–  Machinery  Vibra+on  Monitoring  –  Cement  Plant  Rota+ng  Kiln  –  AircraW  Carrier  Elevator  Controls  –  Pharmaceu+cal  Process  Control  –  Mobile  Plaform  Monitoring  –  silicon  wafer  processing  –  Refinery  Tank  Farm  Monitoring  –  Flight  line  upload  of  flight  plan  data  and  download  of  aircraW  maintenance  data  

Advantages  •  Inexpensive  hardware  –  mass  produc+on  •  Compares  very  favorable  with  wiring  costs  •  No  licensing  fees  Disadvantages  •  Crowding  in  the  ISM  bands  •  Poten+al  for  crosstalk  and  interference  •  Widespread  knowledge  of  standards  –  hacker  target  

Wireless  Sensor  Networks  •  Wireless  Applica+ons  

–  Short  Range  –  Unlicensed  Bands  •  Consumer  Applica+ons  

–  Living  Space  Environmental  Monitoring  and  Control  –  Energy  Management  –  Remote  Data  Access  –  Security  Systems  –  Automobile  Service  Diagnos+cs  –  Personal  Health  Monitoring  –  Health  and  Fitness  

Advantages  •  Inexpensive  hardware  –  mass  produc+on  •  Compares  very  favorable  with  wiring  costs  •  No  licensing  fees  Disadvantages  •  Crowding  in  the  ISM  bands  •  Poten+al  for  crosstalk  and  interference  •  Widespread  knowledge  of  standards  –  hacker  target  

Wireless  Sensor  Networks  •  Applica+on  Requirements  –  Robust  Opera+on  –  Tolerance  of  Interference/Interrup+on  – Quality  of  Service  –  Coexistence  

•  WiFi/Bluetooth/ZigBee  •  WiFi/Radar  •  WiMax  impact  

–  Fail  Safe  Modes  –  Commissioning/Ease  of  Use  –  Security/Privacy  (Hippa)  

Wireless  Sensor  Networks  •  Industrial  Machinery  Vibra+on  Monitoring  –  Temperature  Range:  -­‐40  to  +85  degrees  C  –  Bandwidth  Requirement:  0  to  50  kHz  –  Security  Requirement:  Controlled  environment  within  Factory  –  minimum  

–  Coexistence  Requirement:  Plant  WiFi  system,  Machinery  EMI,  Bluetooth  Headset  use,  possible  ZigBee  Sensor  systems  for  other  applica+ons  

–  Robust  Opera+on  Requirement:  Failure  to  report  a  deteriora+ng  bearing  or  gearbox  can  result  in  physical  damage  to  equipment  and  possible  injury  or  death  to  workers  

Wireless  Sensor  Networks  •  Pharmaceu+cal  Process  Control  –  Temperature  Range:  -­‐40  to  +85  degrees  C  –  Bandwidth  Requirement:  0  to  2  kHz  –  Security  Requirement:  Controlled  environment  within  Factory  –  minimum  

–  Coexistence  Requirement:  Plant  WiFi  system,  Machinery  EMI,  Bluetooth  Headset  use,  possible  ZigBee  Sensor  systems  for  other  applica+ons  

–  Robust  Opera+on  Requirement:  Monitoring  of  the  temperature,  pressure,  flow  and  other  parameters  of  a  bacterial  growth  vat.  Control  of  flow,  pressure  and  temperature.  

–  Timing  requirements:  50  mS  response  to  control  changes  

Wireless  Sensor  Systems  •  AircraW  Carrier  Hangar  Deck  to  Flight  Deck  Elevator  Controls  –  Temperature  Range:  -­‐40  to  +85  degrees  C  –  Bandwidth  Requirement:  0  to  5  kHz  –  Security  Requirement:  High  must  be  impervious  to  interference  from  off  shipboard.  Must  not  be  able  to  be  monitored  external  to  ship.  

–  Coexistence  Requirement:  WiFi  system,  Machinery  EMI,  Bluetooth  Headset  use,  possible  ZigBee  Sensor  systems  for  other  applica+ons  

–  Robust  Opera+on  Requirement:  Failure  to  perform  will  result  in  delay  of  delivery  of  aircraW  to  flight  deck  at  a  minimum.  Worst  case  –  damage  to  aircraW  or  individuals  

Wireless  Sensor  Systems  

•  Other  Applica+ons  – Automobile  An+lock  Braking  Sensor  – Garbage  Disposal  Control  – Speed  Zone  Governors  – Loca+on  Tracking  – Emergency  Vehicle  No+fica+on  – Payment  Systems  – Promo+onal  Tracking  and  Adver+sing