A Presentation of Summer Training done on

Embedded Systemsat C-DAC, Jaipur

Submitted to :

Mr. Manish Jain Sir

(ECE Dept.)

Submitted by :

Nishant Kayal

(13EJGEC023)

What is an Embedded System? An embedded system is some combination of computer

hardware and software, either fixed in capability or

programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular

function.

It is embedded as part of a complete device often including

hardware and mechanical parts.

Modern embedded systems are often based

on microcontrollers (i.e. CPUs with integrated memory or

peripheral interfaces), but ordinary microprocessors (using

external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits) are

also common, especially in more-complex systems.

Difference between Embedded and General Purpose System

Embedded System

• Designed to do some specific set of tasks.

• Not programmable by end user.

• Low power consumption.

• Fixed time constraints.

• Task specific that’s why more economical.

General Purpose System

• Can perform multiple tasks.

• Programmable by end user.

• Generally high power consumption.

• Does not have fixed time constraints.

• Generally costly than task specific system.

Examples of Embedded SystemsEmbedded systems control many of the common devices in use today, like –

• Digital watches• Traffic lights• Printers• Mobile phones• Medical equipments• MP3 Players• Robots• Routers• Climate control in automobiles, etc.

What makes Embedded systems different?

• Real time operation• Size• Cost• Time• Reliability• Safety• Energy

Embedded Systems Hardware

Key Components of Embedded Systems

Processors:

• It is the central processing unit known as the heart of the embedded systems.• It is the hardware that executes the software and brings life to the embedded system.• Controls the activities of all the other circuits.

Memory:

• Used to store the software that the processor will run.• Also provides storage for data such as program variables, intermediate results, status information and any other data generated throughout the operation.

Processor

• A processor is the heart of the Embedded System.

• For an embedded system designer the knowledge of microprocessor and microcontroller is a must.

Types of Processor

1. General Purpose processor (GPP)– Microprocessor

– Microcontroller

2. Application Specific System Processor (ASSP)

3. Multi Processor System using GPPs

Microprocessor• A microprocessor is a single chip semi conductor device also which is a

computer on chip, but not a complete computer.

• Its CPU contains an ALU, a program counter, a stack pointer, some working register, a clock timing circuit and interrupt circuit on a single chip.

• To make complete micro computer, one must add memory usually ROM and RAM, memory decoder, an oscillator and a number of serial and parallel ports.

Various Microprocessors

Intel 4004, 4040 8080, 80858086, 8088, 80186, 80188 80286, 80386 x86-64

Motorola

6800 6809 68000G3, G4, G5

Zilog

Z80, Z180, eZ80 Z8, eZ8

and others

Microcontroller

A microcontroller is a functional computer system-on-a-chip. It contains a processor, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.

Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM, program memory, or both) and peripherals capable of input and output.

Various Microcontrollers

INTEL8031,8032,8051,8052,8751,8752

PIC8-bit PIC16, PIC18,

16-bit DSPIC33 / PIC24, PIC16C7x

MotorolaMC68HC11

Microprocessor v/s Microcontroller

Microprocessor

• The functional blocks are ALU, registers, timing & control units.

• Bit handling instruction is less, One or two type only.

• It is used for designing general purpose digital computers system.

Microcontroller

• It includes functional blocks of microprocessors & in addition has timer, parallel i/o, RAM, EPROM, ADC & DAC.

• Many type of bit handling instruction.

•They are used for designing application specific dedicated systems.

Microcontroller Families

• 68H12 : Motorola 68H11, 68HC12,…

• 8051 : Intel 8051, 8052, 80251,…

• PIC : Microchip PIC16F628, 18F452,…

• AVR : Atmel ATmega128, ATtiny28L,…

Software used

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

CC++Dot Net

COMPILER

RIDEKEIL

SIMULATOR

Masm

Applications

• Household appliances.• Audio player.• Cellular telephones.• Engine controller in automobiles.• Calculators.• Videogames.• Aircrafts.• Medical equipments.• Defense systems, etc.

THANK YOU