EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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Transcript of EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS
EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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OVERVIEW
• What is Embedded System?• Microprocessor Vs Microcontrollers• Applications of Embedded systems.• Microcontrollers from different vendors.• Development requirement.• Demo for a circuit design using
microcontroller and simulator.• Discussion.
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What is Embedded system
• Embedded Systems– Operations managed behind the scenes by a
microcontroller• Microcontroller (MCU)– An integrated electronic computing device that
includes three major components on a single chip• Microprocessor (MPU)• Memory• I/O (Input/Output) ports
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Embedded SystemGeneral Block Diagram
Microcontroller(uC)
sensor
sensor
sensor
Sensor conditioning
Output interfaces
actuator
indicator
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Microprocessors Vs Microcontrollers
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• Microprocessor– General purpose computer.
• Microcontroller– System oriented computer.– Single chip computer.
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Microprocessor-Based Systems
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MicroPROCESSOR – Basic concept
CPU
containsCCUALU
data registersand
pointer registers
CONTROLADDRESS
DATA
Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals toInteract with outside world
BOOTROM
Used at startup
Instruction(program)
ROMTransducers
KeyboardScreenUART
Parallelinterface
etc
DataRAM
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Issues with external devices
• Many pins– Mechanical failure rates increased– Design time increased – routing issues– Cost increased, board size increased
• Continually redesigning same thing– Compatibility between parts– Upgrade part– Many similar options between different projects
• In Real-life -- Don’t need “100% flexibility”
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Microcontrollers
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Block Diagram
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MicroCONTROLLER – Basic concept
CPU
containsCCUALU
data registersand
pointer registers
CONTROLADDRESS
DATA
Microcontroller – put a limited amount of most commonly used resources “inside” the chip – a “limited” amount is often “enough” for many applications
BOOTROM
Used at startup
Instruction(program)
ROMTransducers
UARTParallel
interfaceEtc
DataRAM
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MCU-Based Time and Temperature System
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MCU-Based Systems
• Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices (such as timers) on a single semiconductor chip
• Buses are generally not available to a system designer
• I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions
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Advantages of microCONTROLLER over microPROCESSOR
• Pin count down• Design time down, Board layout size down• Upgrade path easier – matching between
peripherals for speed• Cost down – bulk purchases• Reliability up• Common software / hardware design
environment available from manufacturer
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Applications of Embedded Systems
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Why Important?
• Embedded Inside:– Automotive systems– Airplanes– Toys– Medical Devices– Furniture
• Billions of units
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Examples: Car Door
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Embedded Applications
• Networking, intelligent control
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ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
Anti-Lock
Brake Module
Speed
Sensor
Pressure Valve Dump/Vent Valve
Master Cylinder Assembly
Anti Lock
12 V
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Examples: Refrigerator
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Sensing and actuation devices in embedded applications
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Embedded Applications
Signal sensing/data acquisition – data processing & data storing – actuation – data communication (networking)
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Examples: Electronic Ping-pong
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Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle
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Embedded Applications
• Networking
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Embedded Systems
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Real Time Control
Must be able to respondpredictably and in a known amount of time
Environment cannot wait for microcontroller to respond.
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What is Real Time? “A real time system is one in which the correctness of the computations not only
depends upon the logical correctness of the computation but also upon the time at which
the result is produced. If the timing constraints of the system are not met, system
failure is said to have occurred.”
- Donald Gillies
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What is Real Time? “Real time in operating systems:
The ability of the operating system to provide a required level of service in a bounded
response time.”
- POSIX Standard 1003.1
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Hard vs. Soft Real Time • Hard– guaranteed worst-case response times– absolutely, positively, first time every time
• Soft– Kinda, sorta, usually
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Who are the Embedded OS players? • Wind River Systems– VxWorks– pSOS
• QNX Software Systems– QNX
• Green Hills Software– Integrity
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Who are the Embedded OS players? • Mentor Graphics – VRTX
• Palm Computing– PalmOS
• Symbian– SymbianOS
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Microsoft • Embedded NT/XP– “Real-time” control
• Windows CE (CE.NET)– Internet devices
• Pocket PC 2002– Handheld PC’s and PDA’s
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Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance
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From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000
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Common Microcontrollers•Atmel •ARM •Intel
• 8-bit • 8XC42 • MCS48 • MCS51 • 8xC251
• 16-bit • MCS96 • MXS296
•National Semiconductor • COP8
•Microchip • 12-bit instruction PIC • 14-bit instruction PIC
• PIC16F84 • 16-bit instruction PIC
•NEC
•Motorola • 8-bit
• 68HC05 • 68HC08 • 68HC11
• 16-bit • 68HC12 • 68HC16
• 32-bit • 683xx
•Texas Instruments • TMS370 • MSP430
•Zilog • Z8 • Z86E02
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What you need
• PIC C/ASM Compiler• PIC Programmer• MPLAB IDE
• Free
http://www.ccsinfo.com/
http://www.microchip.com
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What is the Process ?
1. Write you program• MPLAB• C or ASM
2. Compile your program• CCS PCM
3. Transfer your program• Puts HEX file into the PIC• Use PICSTART and MPLAB
• “Burns your app into the PIC”
4. Insert your PIC– Face pin 1 to resistor
5. Power it Up– Connect 9V Battery
6. Debug your program– Never works a the first time
7. Repeat step 1
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Summary• An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers
embedded within it, which exercise primarily a control function.• The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor
adapted for embedded control applications.• Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and
computer principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor core, memory and peripherals.
• Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number of different families. Each family has identical central architecture and instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their microcontrollers.
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