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Embedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded SystemEmbedded System

電機四 林昱呈

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Outline

Introduction Architecture Characteristics Design issues Application view Conclusion

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Definition

An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system built into a larger device. An embedded system is required to meet very different requirements than a general-purpose personal computer.

– From Wikipedia

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Overview

Computing systems embedded within electronic devices

Hard to define. Nearly any computing system other than a desktop computer

Embedded system everywhere

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Outline

Introduction Architecture Characteristics Design issues Application view Conclusion

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Hardware Architecture (1/2)

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Hardware Architecture (2/2)

Input interface Signal processor Central processor Output interface

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Example

Microcontroller

CCD preprocessor Pixel coprocessorA2D

D2A

JPEG codec

DMA controller

Memory controller ISA bus interface UART LCD ctrl

Display ctrl

Multiplier/Accum

Digital camera chip

lens

CCD

Input interface

Output display

Digital signal processor

Central processor

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PDA’s Software Architecture

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Outline

Introduction Architecture Characteristics Design issues Application view Conclusion

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CPU & Programming Tools

Many different CPU architectures used in embedded designs– Intel/AMD x86– Apple/Motorola/IBM PowerPC

Programming tools– Compilers– Assemblers– Debuggers

OpenBlockS266

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Various OS System

Palm OS– Ex: Palm, Sony PDA

Windows CE – Ex: Compaq, Leo, Casio PDA

EPOC – Ex: Psion Series

RTxc – Sharp’s Synergy, 中環的 CyberBoy

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Characteristics (1/3)

Single-functioned– Executes a single program, repeatedly– Ex: 悠遊卡讀卡機

Tightly-constrained– Low cost– Low power– Small– Ex: mp3 player

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Characteristics (2/3)

Low cost– Tens of thousands to millions of units – Using a (relatively) suitable processor

and small memory size Low power

– Ex: 計算機 Slow speed

– Fulfilling the requirement is OK

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Characteristics (3/3)

Reactive and real-time– Continually reacts to changes in the syst

em’s environment– Must compute certain results in real-tim

e without delay– Ex: 微波爐

Firmware– Software embedded in hardware devices

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Outline

Introduction Architecture Characteristics Design issues Application view Conclusion

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Product Life-cycle

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Design Issues (1/2)

Real time/reactive operation– Worst case design analyses without und

ue pessimism Small size, low weight

– Non-rectangular, non-planar geometries– Packaging and integration of digital, ana

log, and power circuits to reduce size

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Design Issues (2/2)

Safe and reliable– Low-cost reliability with minimal

redundancy Harsh environment

– Design components depending on operating environment

Cost-sensitive– Variable "design margin" to permit

tradeoff between product robustness and aggressive cost optimization

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Outline

Introduction Architecture Characteristics Design issues Application view Conclusion

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六度思維空間 資訊 通訊

多媒體 服務 娛樂 感知

更高階的產品 ???

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高階的嵌入式系統

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資訊家電與行動裝置的發展情況 從以電腦為中心的設計轉向以消費者為中心的設計

多產業標準並存的網路架構以及互動性

頻寬保證等先進網路特性 ????

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Outline

Introduction Architecture Characteristics Design issues Application view Conclusion

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Conclusion

科技始於人性 一機在手，無限可能 更輕，更薄，更快，更便宜，更好用

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Reference

ICCD ’96 Embedded Tutorial: Embedded System Design Issues– http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/iccd96/ic

cd96.html Web site:

– http://www.cs.ucr.edu/content/esd/slide_index.html

– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system

– http://playstation2.idv.tw/iacolumns/jl000013.html