The Big Bang symbolizes the instant the universe began, when time and space came into existence and all matter in the cosmos launched into expansion. Prior to this all four fundamental forces gravity, electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces were combined. The explosion was one of space within itself. It was not like the explosion of a bomb where fragments are thrown outward. The galaxies were not clumped together. During the first second or so of the universe large amounts of energy, known as photons, smashed together and changed their energy into mass. This caused the four forces to split into their separate identities. As the universe continued to cool, protons and neutrons combined to form helium and other light nuclei. It was not until around one million years after the Big Bang, nuclei and electrons were cool enough to unite to form atoms. The universe did not start to look as it does today until small deviations in the matter distribution were able to squeeze to form the stars and galaxies as they are known today.

The Big Bang Theory explains the development of the universe, predicting the correct profusion of hydrogen and helium. The theory expresses how the early, hot dense universe expanded and cooled.

The Big Bang TheoryOFFERSa feasible solution to one of the most pressing questions of all time --- how did the universe begin. It is vital to understand, though, that the theory itself is continually being adjusted. As more observations are made and more research is conducted, the Big Bang becomes more complete and our knowledge of the origins of the universe more significant.In the Industrial revolution, art and culture flourished and was transformed into many different and unique styles. The first industrial revolution had forever changed England, and later the world. The second industrial revolution utilized the power of electricity to help them develop their technology and help social and home life. Michael Faraday, a British scientist, demonstrated how an electric current could be made. Electricity improved life by supplying people with light, and electricity to power machines. Communications improved as a result of electricity. The telephone and telegraph were the first communicational devices that were for public use. With the development of technology, radio waves were discovered. Now messages could be sent over long distances in virtually no time. Petroleum begun to be widely used as an alternate energy source. Gasoline was also needed for transportation also changed from steam engines to the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine made transportation faster and less public. A person could own a car instead of using public transportation. During this time, a new technology was born in the field of transportation. Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully completed the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk. The air plane industry was born. 1606 Della Porta in 1606 showed that water could be forced up a pipe by steam pressure.1611 Likewise, Salomon de Caus demonstrated in 1611 that steam pressure could forcibly eject water from a closed boiler.1629 Giovanni Branca of Loretto proposed in 1629 to provide power by impinging steam issuing from a boiler on to vanes fitted to a horizontal wheel. It is doubtful if this machine existed otherwise than in the mind of the presenter. The Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in 1825, beginning Britain's first public railway to use steam; and the "Rocket" beat all comers in trials at Rainhill.1825 The first public railway to use a steam locomotive, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, opened in 1825. The locomotive was "Locomotion", built by George Stephenson. In 1850sThe first marine compound engine was fitted, while John Ramsbottom completed his DX class goods locomotives - 942 were to follow. 1854 and 1855 Randolph Elder and Co. of Glasgow fitted the first marine compound engine in the screw steamship "Brandon" in 1854. It was so successful that the Pacific Steam Navigation Co. ordered compound engines in 1855 for their new steamship "Valparaiso. The Dark Ages is a period that is generally accepted as having begun in the year 410 with the fall of Rome and ending in 1095 with the launch of the first Crusades. The fall of Rome sets a good understanding for what the Dark Ages were all about because for centuries the Roman Empire was a unified force that brought stabilization to most of Europe. It had a vibrant TRADE and commerce industry that supported a reasonably secure lifestyle for millions of people. When Rome fell, this network of trade and commerce collapsed and the European World was set into chaos. It took seven hundred years of wars, plague, and poverty before the continent came out of it and was moved into the Renaissance.

Medieval Warlords and the struggle to be emperorBefore it fell, Rome had been the center of the European world for seven hundred years. Lords from all over Europe were engaged with each other in battles for land and power. This battling lasted literally centuries and it meant a constant drain of resources and a standstill in cultural growth. Outside Forces make it worse. This constant struggling for power within the continent of Europe made it very easy for outside forces to penetrate into the continent and further wreak destruction and drain wealth and resources. The whole continent was under the constant pressure of three points of attack from within and from both the north and south.The Crusades, while being for the most part a failure in that they held very little of the land they attempted to conquer, were a significant factor in the rebirth of Europe in that Europe was reunited under a common religion and returning crusaders brought back with them to Europe a wealth of new information in architecture, medicine, philosophy, mathematics and many other areas. This infusion of ideas, paired with the end of constant war within Europe set the stage for the Renaissance. The Dark Ages were an extraordinarily difficult period in the story of humanity. It is estimated that 100 million people died at the hands of war, poverty, and plague. But during this time new ideas and ideals were born and much of the groundwork was laid for the world we know today.In this forest complex emerged the homo variety. It is said that they emerged from the chimpanzee/ gorilla/monkey family and this was Darwins conclusion which set up a riot in London when first propounded in the mid nineteenth century. Emergence of a creature like man was of multipoint and multi variety. The Neanderthal man (the Gorilla) emerged in European land mass and headed for many centuries. In other areas The Java man in Indonesia, The Peiping Man in China, Heidelberg man in Germany and Australian man in Australia grew. These Men like creature went through many changes of body formation. As Prof. Barnell has opined, it must have taken many centuries to evolve the present structure and position of the thumbs in the hand, the changes in the feet structure, the changes in the spine, and the coordination between the eyes and the limbs, besides other refinements, Homo species developed through various phases, home habitat, Homo erectus, Homo sapience being the important stage. The thinking man (Homo sapience) evolved about a million year ago or earlier in Rhodesia (presently Kenya) and roamed in the forest as root / fruit gather and minor hunter of small animals. They lived in groups, hunted in groups and made stone tools and slingshots. They were afraid of natures fury, the lightning and storms and tried to please the external elements. While the man hunted and found food, the women folk raised children and watched the vagaries of nature, the growth from the flying seeds and rising of plants and thus started an interest in agriculture. The act of controlling fire was the first break through and the tilling of soil to raise food was second most important development. They also learnt to create Pottery were first using leaves and replacing were by mud pottery of various kinds Sun dried and fire dried. In his quest to improve, man used great ingenuity and thus seeds of management were planted. Roti, kapda and makan food,clothing and shelter availability were the major driving force. This and the desire to know more about the surroundings, the quest for fresh hunting ground and shared curiosity must had prompted the Rhodesian man (true man as identified by H. G, Wells) to march out in small groups from the bush forest land in search of new habitat following the banks of river Nile. They had by then domesticated certain animal and learnt the rudiments of agriculture, the role of seasons, the importance of water and its management and the law of nature which had to be respected.