[EM-Sofyan] Market Structure
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Transcript of [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure
![Page 1: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Market
Structures
Market
Structures
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The Degree of CompetitionThe Degree of Competition
• Classifying markets– number of firms
– freedom of entry to industry
– nature of product
– nature of demand curve
• The four market structures– perfect competition
– monopoly
– monopolistic competition
– oligopoly
• Classifying markets– number of firms
– freedom of entry to industry
– nature of product
– nature of demand curve
• The four market structures– perfect competition
– monopoly
– monopolistic competition
– oligopoly
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Features of the four market structuresFeatures of the four market structures
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Features of the four market structuresFeatures of the four market structures
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Features of the four market structuresFeatures of the four market structures
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Features of the four market structuresFeatures of the four market structures
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Features of the four market structuresFeatures of the four market structures
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Features of the four market structuresFeatures of the four market structures
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The Degree of CompetitionThe Degree of Competition
• Classifying markets– number of firms– freedom of entry to industry– nature of product– nature of demand curve
• The four market structures– perfect competition– monopoly– monopolistic competition– oligopoly
• Structure conduct performance
• Classifying markets– number of firms– freedom of entry to industry– nature of product– nature of demand curve
• The four market structures– perfect competition– monopoly– monopolistic competition– oligopoly
• Structure conduct performance
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Perfect CompetitionPerfect Competition
• Assumptions
– firms are price takers
– freedom of entry
– identical products
– perfect knowledge
• Short-run equilibrium of the firm
– price, output and profit
• Assumptions
– firms are price takers
– freedom of entry
– identical products
– perfect knowledge
• Short-run equilibrium of the firm
– price, output and profit
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Pasar Persaingan Sempurna
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Struktur Pasar Pasar
Interaksi antara penjual dan pembeli terhadap barang dan jasa tertentu
Pasar KompetitifSuatu pasar terdapat penjual dan pembeli
yang memperdagangkan produk identik, sehingga masing-masing dari mereka akan menjadi penerima harga
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Struktur Pasar
Struktur pasar adalah dengan melihat pasar yang berdasarkan pada:1. Ciri-ciri barang yang dihasilkan2. Banyak tidaknya perusahaan3. Mudah tidaknya perusahaan baru
menjalankan kegiatan produksi4. Besarnya kekuasaan suatu perusahaan di
dalam pasar
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Makna Kompetisi atau Persaingan Pasar Persaingan Sempurna
mempunyai karakteristik sbb: Terdapat banyak penjual & pembeli di
pasar. Barang yang ditawarkan penjual umumnya
sama. Perusahaan mudah untuk keluar dan
masuk pasar.
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Makna Kompetisi atau Persaingan
Berdasarkan karakteristik, Pasar Persaingan Sempurna mempunyai hasil: Setiap tindakan pembeli & penjual tidak
memiliki dampak terhadap harga pasar. Masing-masing pembeli & penjual harus
menerima harga apa adanya.
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Makna Kompetisi atau Persaingan
Pasar Persaingan Sempurna adalah suatu pasar yang mana terdapat banyak pembeli dan penjual yang memperdagangkan produk identik, sehingga masing-masing mereka akan menjadi penerima harga.
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Makna Kompetisi atau Persaingan
Pembeli dan Penjual harus menerima harga yang ditentukan pasar disebut sebagai penerima harga (price takers).
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Pendapatan Perusahaan Kompetitif
Pendapatan Total suatu perusahaan adalah harga (selling price) dikali
jumlah yang terjual (quantity sold).
TR = (P X Q)
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Pendapatan Total adalah berbanding lurus atau bersifat proporsional
dengan kuantitas output.
Pendapatan Perusahaan Kompetitif
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Pendapatan Rata-rata adalah total pendapatan dibagi dengan kuantitas
produk yang terjual.
Pendapatan Perusahaan Kompetitif
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Dalam pasar persaingan sempurna, pendapatan rata-rata sama dengan harga suatu barang.
Average revenue=Total revenue
Quantity
=(Price Quantity)
Quantity
=Price
Pendapatan Perusahaan Kompetitif
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Pendapatan Marjinal adalah perubahan total pendapatan yang bersumber dari penjualan produk
tambahan sebanyak satu unit.
MR =TR/ Q
Pendapatan Perusahaan Kompetitif
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Total Revenue = price X quantityTotal Revenue = price X quantity
Average Revenue = priceAverage Revenue = price
Marginal Revenue = priceMarginal Revenue = price
Persaingan Sempurna
Illustrasi....
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ProductProductpriceprice
(average(averagerevenue)revenue)
TotalTotalrevenuerevenue
MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$131$131 00 $ 0$ 0]
QuantityQuantitydemandeddemanded
(sold)(sold)
.
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ProductProductpriceprice
(average(averagerevenue)revenue)
TotalTotalrevenuerevenue
MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$131$131 131131
00 11
$ 0$ 0131131
$131$131]
QuantityQuantitydemandeddemanded
(sold)(sold)
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ProductProductpriceprice
(average(averagerevenue)revenue)
TotalTotalrevenuerevenue
MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$131$131 131131131131
00 11 22
$ 0$ 0131131262262
] $131$131131131]
QuantityQuantitydemandeddemanded
(sold)(sold)
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ProductProductpriceprice
(average(averagerevenue)revenue)
TotalTotalrevenuerevenue
MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$131$131 131131131131131131
00 11 2233
$ 0$ 0131131262262393393
] $131$131131131131131
]]
QuantityQuantitydemandeddemanded
(sold)(sold)
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ProductProductpriceprice
(average(averagerevenue)revenue)
TotalTotalrevenuerevenue
MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$131$131 131131131131131131131131
00 11 223344
$ 0$ 0131131262262393393524524
] $131$131131131131131131131
]]]
QuantityQuantitydemandeddemanded
(sold)(sold)
2828
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ProductProductpriceprice
(average(averagerevenue)revenue)
QuantityQuantitydemandeddemanded
(sold)(sold)TotalTotal
revenuerevenueMarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$131$131 131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
$ 0$ 0131131262262393393524524655655786786917917
104810481179117913101310
] $131$131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131
]]]]]]]]]
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Pendapatan Total, Rata-rata, & Marjinal bagi Perusahan Kompetitif
Quantity(Q)
Price(P)
Total Revenue(TR=PxQ)
Average Revenue(AR=TR/ Q)
Marginal Revenue(MR= )
1 $6.00 $6.00 $6.002 $6.00 $12.00 $6.00 $6.003 $6.00 $18.00 $6.00 $6.004 $6.00 $24.00 $6.00 $6.005 $6.00 $30.00 $6.00 $6.006 $6.00 $36.00 $6.00 $6.007 $6.00 $42.00 $6.00 $6.008 $6.00 $48.00 $6.00 $6.00
QT R /
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Maksimalisasi Laba Perusahaan Kompetitif
Tujuan utama perusahaan kompetitif adalah maximize profit.Artinya perusahaan akan menghasilkan kuantitas yang memaksimalkan perbedaan antara pendapatan total dan biaya total.
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Maksimalisasi Laba: Sebuah Contoh Numerik
Price(P)
Quantity(Q)
Total Revenue(TR=PxQ)
Total Cost(TC)
Profit(TR-TC)
Marginal Revenue(MR= )
Marginal CostMC=
0 $0.00 $3.00 -$3.00$6.00 1 $6.00 $5.00 $1.00 $6.00 $2.00$6.00 2 $12.00 $8.00 $4.00 $6.00 $3.00$6.00 3 $18.00 $12.00 $6.00 $6.00 $4.00$6.00 4 $24.00 $17.00 $7.00 $6.00 $5.00$6.00 5 $30.00 $23.00 $7.00 $6.00 $6.00$6.00 6 $36.00 $30.00 $6.00 $6.00 $7.00$6.00 7 $42.00 $38.00 $4.00 $6.00 $8.00$6.00 8 $48.00 $47.00 $1.00 $6.00 $9.00
QT R / QT C /
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P = AR = MR
P=MR1
MC
Maksimalisasi Laba Perusahaan Kompetitif...
Kuantitas0
Biayadan
Pendapatan
ATC
AVC
QMAX
Perusahaan memaksimalkan laba melalui produksi dengan kuantitas yang mana biaya marjinal = pendapatan marjinal
MC1
Q1
MC2
Q2
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Maksimalisasi Laba Perusahaan Kompetitif
Maksimalisasi Laba terjadi pada saat kuantitas di mana pendapatan marjinal sama dengan biaya marjinal.
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Maksimalisasi Laba Perusahaan Kompetitif
Apabila MR > MC menaikkan Q
Apabila MR < MC menurunkan Q
Apabila MR = MC Laba adalah maksimal.
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Keuntungan MaksimumKeuntungan Maksimum JJangka angka PendekPendek
Perusahaan akan menghadapi Perusahaan akan menghadapi 1. Untung (atau)1. Untung (atau)2- Rugi kurang dari fixed costnya 2- Rugi kurang dari fixed costnya
Apakah akan Berproduksi?Apakah akan Berproduksi?Berapa besar yg akan diproduksi?Berapa besar yg akan diproduksi?Apakah untung atau rugi?Apakah untung atau rugi?
Pertanyaan PentingPertanyaan Penting
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TotalTotalcostcost
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
3737
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
3838
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
3939
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
4040
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030 4141
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
$ 0$ 0131131262262393393524524655655786786917917
104810481179117913101310
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcostTotalTotal
revenuerevenue ProfitProfit
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
Price: $131Price: $131
4242
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
$ 0$ 0131131262262393393524524655655786786917917
104810481179117913101310
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcostTotalTotal
revenuerevenue ProfitProfit
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
Price: $131Price: $131
- $100- $100- 59- 59
- 8- 8+ 53+ 53
+ 124+ 124+ 185+ 185+ 236+ 236+ 277+ 277+ 298+ 298+ 299+ 299+ 280+ 280
4343
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
$ 0$ 0131131262262393393524524655655786786917917
104810481179117913101310
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcostTotalTotal
revenuerevenue ProfitProfit
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
Price: $131Price: $131
- $100- $100- 59- 59
- 8- 8+ 53+ 53
+ 124+ 124+ 185+ 185+ 236+ 236+ 277+ 277+ 298+ 298+ 299+ 299+ 280+ 280
Berapa profit Berapa profit maksimumnya?maksimumnya?
4444
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
$ 0$ 0131131262262393393524524655655786786917917
104810481179117913101310
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcostTotalTotal
revenuerevenue ProfitProfit
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
Price: $131Price: $131
- $100- $100- 59- 59
- 8- 8+ 53+ 53
+ 124+ 124+ 185+ 185+ 236+ 236+ 277+ 277+ 298+ 298+ 299+ 299+ 280+ 280
4545
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
$ 0$ 0131131262262393393524524655655786786917917
104810481179117913101310
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcostTotalTotal
revenuerevenue ProfitProfit
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
Price: $131Price: $131
- $100- $100- 59- 59
- 8- 8+ 53+ 53
+ 124+ 124+ 185+ 185+ 236+ 236+ 277+ 277+ 298+ 298+ 299+ 299+ 280+ 280
Grafik....Grafik....
4646
Pendekatan Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total CostTotal Revenue-Total Cost
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Profit Maximization, Pure Competition
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Quantity
$
4747
TCTCTRTRTRTRMaximum Maximum economic economic profit $299profit $299
Break-even point (normal profit)Break-even point (normal profit)
Break-even pointBreak-even point
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Pendekatan Total Revenue -Total Cost
Profit = TR - TC Grafik: profit maksimum selisih TR &
TC yg terbesar Break Even Point TR = TC
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TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
9090808070706060707080809090
110110130130150150
]]]]]]]]]]
MarginalMarginalcostcost
Price =Price =MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$ 131$ 131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131
BagaimanaBagaimana jika jika
perusahaan perusahaan berprod. 1 berprod. 1
unit?unit?
Pendekatan Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal CostMarginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
![Page 50: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
9090808070706060707080809090
110110130130150150
]]]]]]]]]]
MarginalMarginalcostcost
Price =Price =MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$ 131$ 131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131
Bagaimana Bagaimana unit yg unit yg kedua?kedua?
.
Pendekatan Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal CostMarginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
![Page 51: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
9090808070706060707080809090
110110130130150150
]]]]]]]]]]
MarginalMarginalcostcost
Price =Price =MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$ 131$ 131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131
Bagaimana Bagaimana unit yg ke unit yg ke
9?9?
Pendekatan Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal CostMarginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
![Page 52: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
9090808070706060707080809090
110110130130150150
]]]]]]]]]]
MarginalMarginalcostcost
Price =Price =MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$ 131$ 131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131
Bagaiman Bagaiman unit yg ke unit yg ke
10?10?
Pendekatan Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal CostMarginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
![Page 53: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
9090808070706060707080809090
110110130130150150
]]]]]]]]]]
MarginalMarginalcostcost
Price =Price =MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$ 131$ 131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131
9 unit 9 unit adalah adalah
profit maxprofit max
Pendekatan Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal CostMarginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
![Page 54: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
TotalTotalcostcost
00 11 2233445566778899
1010
TotalTotalproductproduct
TotalTotalfixedfixedcostcost
TotalTotalvariablevariable
costcost
$ 100$ 100 100100 100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
$ 0$ 09090
170170240240300300370370450450540540650650780780930930
$ 100$ 100190190270270340340400400470470550550640640750750880880
10301030
9090808070706060707080809090
110110130130150150
]]]]]]]]]]
MarginalMarginalcostcost
Price =Price =MarginalMarginalrevenuerevenue
$ 131$ 131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131131
TC=880TC=880TRTR =9 X 131=9 X 131
=1179=1179ProfitProfit=1179-880=1179-880=299=299 Grafik....
Grafik....
Grafik....
Grafik....
Pendekatan Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal CostMarginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
![Page 55: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
0
40
80
120
160
200
0 2 4 6 8 10
Output
Bia
ya &
Pe
nd
ap
ata
n
MCMC
ATCATC
AVCAVC
AFCAFC
9
131131
MR = MCMR = MCSolusi Solusi
OptimumOptimum
![Page 56: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
0
40
80
120
160
200
0 2 4 6 8 10
Output
Bia
ya &
Pen
dapa
tan MCMC
ATCATC
AVCAVC
AFCAFC
9
131131
97.7897.78
lihatlihatATCATC
![Page 57: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
0
40
80
120
160
200
0 2 4 6 8 10
Output
Bia
ya &
Pen
dapa
tan MCMC
ATCATC
AVCAVC
AFCAFC
9
Profit = 9 X (131 - 97.78) = 299131131
97.7897.78
![Page 58: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Keputusan Jangka Pendek Perusahaan Untuk Tutup
Tutup (shutdown) mengacu pada keputusan jangka pendek untuk tidak berproduksi selama periode tertentu karena kondisi pasar.
Keluar (Exit) mengacu pada keputusan jangka panjang untuk meninggalkan pasar sama sekali.
![Page 59: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Keputusan Jangka Pendek Perusahaan Untuk Tutup
Perusahaan mempertimbangkan biaya tertanam (sunk costs) bila memutuskan jika memutuskan untuk keluar, tapi mengabaikannya jika memutuskan untuk tutup.
Sunk costs adalah biaya yang sudah dikeluarkan dan tidak dapat ditarik kembali.
![Page 60: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Keputusan Jangka Pendek Perusahaan Untuk Tutup
Perusahaan akan tutup jika pendapatan yang dapat diperolehnya dari berproduksi lebih kecil ketimbang biaya variabel produksinya.
Tutup jika TR < VC
Tutup jika TR/Q < VC/Q
Tutup jika P < AVC
![Page 61: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Keputusan Jangka Pendek Perusahaan Untuk Tutup...
Kuantitas
ATC
AVC
0
Biaya
MC
Jika P < AVC, Tutup.
Jika P > AVC, Tetap berproduksi Dlm jk pendek.
Jika P > ATC, Tetap berproduksi.
Kurva Penawaran Jangka Pendek Perusahaan
![Page 62: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Keputusan Jangka Pendek Perusahaan Untuk Tutup
Bagian dari kurva biaya marjinal yang terletak di atas kurva biaya variabel rata-rata merupakan kurva penawaran jangka pendek.
![Page 63: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Keputusan Jangka Panjang Perusahaan Untuk Keluar Masuk Pasar
Dalam jangka panjang, perusahaan akan keluar dari pasar jika pendapatan yang diperoleh dari produksi lebih kecil daripada total biaya yang dikeluarkan.
Keluar jika TR < TC
Keluar jika TR/Q < TC/Q
Keluar jika P < ATC
![Page 64: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Keputusan Jangka Panjang Perusahaan Untuk Keluar Masuk Pasar
Perusahaan akan memasuki pasar jika menguntungkan (profitable).
Masuk jika TR > TC
Masuk jika TR/Q > TC/Q
Masuk jika P > ATC
![Page 65: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Kurva Penawaran Jangka Panjang Perusahaan Kompetitif...
Kuantitas
MC
ATC
AVC
0
Biaya
Masuk Jika P > ATC
Keluar jika P < ATC
![Page 66: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Kurva Penawaran Jangka Panjang Perusahaan Kompetitif
Kurva penawaran jangka panjang perusahaan kompetitif merupakan bagian dari kurva biaya marjinal yang terletak di atas kurva total biaya rata-rata.
![Page 67: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Kurva Penawaran Jangka Panjang Perusahaan Kompetitif...
Kuantitas
MC
ATC
AVC
0
BiayaKurva Penawaran Jk Panjang Perusahaan
![Page 68: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Kurva Penawaran Jangka Pendek & Jangka Panjang Perusahaan
Kurva Penawaran Jangka Pendek Bagian dari kurva biaya marjinalnya
yang terletak di atas kurva biaya variabel rata-rata.
Kurva Penawaran Jangka Panjang Bagian dari kurva biaya marjinal yang
terletak di atas kurva total biaya rata-rata.
![Page 69: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Profit
Q
Menghitung Laba Perusahaan Kompetitif Secara Grafis...
Kuantitas0
Harga
P = AR = MR
ATCMC
P
ATC
Kuantitas yg dapat memaksimalkan laba
a. Perusahaan dengan laba
![Page 70: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Loss
Menghitung Laba Perusahaan Kompetitif Secara Grafis...
Kuantitas0
Harga
P = AR = MR
ATCMC
P
QRugi-Kuantitas yg dpt meminimumkan laba
ATC
b. Perusahaan dengan Rugi
![Page 71: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
PersPersaingan aingan Sempurna dan EfisiensiSempurna dan Efisiensi
Efisiensi ProduktifEfisiensi Produktif
![Page 72: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Efisiensi ProduktifEfisiensi Produktif
Produksi pd minimum ATCProduksi pd minimum ATC
PersPersaingan aingan Sempurna dan EfisiensiSempurna dan Efisiensi
![Page 73: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Efisiensi ProduktifEfisiensi Produktif
Efisiensi AllokatifEfisiensi AllokatifProduksi pd minimum ATCProduksi pd minimum ATC
PersPersaingan aingan Sempurna dan EfisiensiSempurna dan Efisiensi
![Page 74: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Efisiensi ProduktifEfisiensi Produktif
Efisiensi AllokatifEfisiensi Allokatif
harga = MCharga = MC
Produksi pd minimum ATCProduksi pd minimum ATC
PersPersaingan aingan Sempurna dan EfisiensiSempurna dan Efisiensi
![Page 75: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Harga = MCHarga = MC Nilai terakhir dari unit yg dibeli Nilai terakhir dari unit yg dibeli adalah sama dengan opportunity cost adalah sama dengan opportunity cost dari masyarakat untuk memproduksi dari masyarakat untuk memproduksi bbarangarang t tersebut.ersebut.
Price > MCPrice > MC Underallocation Underallocation
Price < MCPrice < MC OverallocationOverallocation
Price = MCPrice = MC Yg diinginkanYg diinginkan ( (“just right”)“just right”)
PersPersaingan aingan Sempurna dan EfisiensiSempurna dan Efisiensi
![Page 76: [EM-Sofyan] Market Structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070319/55847007d8b42a15768b4680/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Efisiensi ProduktifEfisiensi Produktif
Efisiensi AllokatifEfisiensi Allokatif
harga = MCharga = MC
Produksi pd minimum ATCProduksi pd minimum ATC
Efisiensi DinamisEfisiensi Dinamis
resources secara cepat meresponresources secara cepat merespon perubahan selera, perubahan selera,
PersPersaingan aingan Sempurna dan EfisiensiSempurna dan Efisiensi