EM GRP10 Carbon Credit Thermal Power Sector (1)

8/8/2019 EM GRP10 Carbon Credit Thermal Power Sector (1)

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Group 10

Apurva Nahata 223

Nikhil Shetty 234

Akhil Vinaik 246

Medhavi Singh 250

Anshul Bhatia 253

Mahesh Kankani 256

CARBON CREDITS

THERMAL POWER SECTOR


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THE NEED FOR CHANGE

Global Climate Change is a menace Kyoto Protocol : Came into being in 2005

Aims to tackle global warming by setting target levels for nations toreduce GHG emissions worldwide

Salient Features

Commitments Implementation

Minimizing impact on developing nations

Accounting, reporting and reviewing

Compliance

UNFCCC Annex I (Developed nations)

Annex II (Developed nations that pay for developing nations)

Developing nations


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y

India is among the top 10 emitters of CO2 due to the size of itseconomy and population, but

y Per capita CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (2007) for Indiais 1.2 tonnes vs. global average of 4.4 tonnes

y

India one of 20 countries exhibiting successive decline over twosub-periods

y Electricity supply is inadequate and unreliable

y Two thirds of households rely on biomass for cooking

y

One third of households rely on kerosene for lighting

INDIAS CARBON FOOTPRINT


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y Aluminium Smelter

y Caustic Soda

y Cement

y Copper Smeltery Distilleries

y Dyes & Dye Intermediates

y Fertiliser

y Integrated Iron & Steel

y Tanneries

y Pesticides

y Petrochemicals

y Drugs & Pharmaceuticals

y Pulp & Papery Oil Refineries

y Sugar

y Thermal Power Plants

y Zinc Smelter

POLLUTING INDUSTRIES


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y Power, Steel, Cement, Aluminium, Paper and Pulp andFertilizers 60% of Indias CO2 emissions in 2008-09.

y Thermal Power plants emit 1kg of CO2 per kwh ofelectricity produced

y 42 tonnes of SO2, 13 tonnes of NO2 and 1.5kg of mercuryreleased annually for generating 1 MW

y Indias thermal power plants are efficient than the globalaverage

POLLUTION POTENTIAL


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MAJOR EMISSIONS FROM THERMAL PLANTS

The major emissions from coal combustion include :-

GHGs

Carbon Dioxide

Methane

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)

Sulfur oxides

Nitrogen oxides

Air borne inorganic particles, like fly ash, soot, and other gases

Damages caused vary from atmospheric acidity to lung diseases


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GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS

y Projects should require environmental clearance from MoEF

y Use of Benefitted coal with ash content not exceeding 34%

y Ash should be made available for manufacturing ash based products such ascement ,concrete blocks,bricks,panels,etc

y For proper dispersion of SO2 emission from thermal power plants ,stack heightcriteria has been adopted

y For selection of optimum proposal, the following criteria are taken

into consideration: a) any monument of cultural or historical importance isnot affected by the project; b) the proposed alignment of the project line does not

create any threat to the survival of any community with special reference to TribalCommunity c) the alignment of the project does not infringe with area of naturalresources.

y Emission standards as prescribed by the Government


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EMISSION STANDARDS

Power Generation Capacity Particulate Matter Emission

210 MW 150 mg/Nm^3

Depending upon the requirement of local situations, which may warrant

stricter standards as in case of protected areas the StateP

ollution ControlBoard within the provisions of the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, may

be prescribed limit of 150 mg/Nm3 irrespective of the generation capacity of

the plant


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REASONS FOR NON COMPLIANCE

No proper Monitoring

High resistivity of coal

Inefficient operation of ESPs (Electrostatic Precipitators)

Delay in supply of ESPs Low Specific Collection Area (SCA) of ESPs

Inefficient management of ash ponds

Large quantities of ash generation


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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Air pollution High particulate matter emission due to burning ofinferior grade coal leads to large quantity of fly ash generation. Thiscauses health problems and corrodes structural surfaces.

Water pollution Mainly caused by effluent discharge from ashponds, condenser cooling/cooling towers and boiler blow down.There is also contamination of underground sources with traces oftoxic metals.

Land degradation More than 100 mn tonnes of fly ash is generated.Disposal of the same requires large stretch of land.

Noise pollution Release of high pressure steam and running of fans,motors, moving parts causes noise pollution


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y Huge scope for developing economies like India

y Especially power sector

y

Rapid adoption of innovationy Scope for transformation

y Enormous anthropogenic emissions

y Legislative and regulatory pressure

y Promoting Clean development

y Attain global standards of emission

y Global reputation

CARBON CREDITS


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MECHANISMS FOR TRADING

Emissions Trading

Carbon Emissions Trading

Provides economic incentives for reduction in pollutant emissions

Clean Development Mechanism To promote clean development in developing countries

Certified Emission Reductions (CERs)

Joint Implementation

Industrialized Countries (Annex I countries) Invest in reduction projects in other Annex I nations

Emission Reduction Units (ERUs)


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MECHANISM OF GENERATING CREDITS


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CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM - PURPOSE

Purpose of CDM

y Reduction of GHG emissions

y Potential Increase in Transfer of Money

y

Modern Greener Technologies

In Thermal Power Sector

y Develop Further Market for Energy Efficiency & RenewableEnergy

y Direct Investments towards Environmentally Sound Projects

y Diversify Energy Supply

y Less Dependent on Fossil Fuel Supply


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CDM AT PROJECT LEVEL


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PROJECT INPUT & OUTPUT


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PARTICIPANTS IN PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

y Project Host

y Project Proponent/Developer

y Project Participant

y

Designated National Authority (DNA)y Designated Operational Entity (DOE)

y CER Buyer


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CDM PARTICIPATION

Review annual reports of theexecutive board

Assist in arranging funding ofCDM projects

COP/MOP

Accreditation ofoperational entities

Recommendations tothe COP/MOP

xecutive oard

Validate proposedCDM projects

Certify reductions inemissions

DO

Participant


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CDM PARTICIPATION ELIGIBILITY

Participation requirements

Voluntary participation. A part of Kyoto protocol. Has a national system for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions. Submitted annually the most recent required inventory for

determining eligibility of the mechanism. Its assigned amount units have been calculated and recorded in

accordance with modalities.

Validation and Registration

Validation - Independent evaluation of a project activity by aDOE

Registration - Formal acceptance by the executive board as aCDM project

Comments by local stakeholders have been invited andaccounted for

Analysis of the environmental impacts of the project activity Baseline and monitoring methodologies comply with

requirements


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CONCLUSION

y Indias GHG emissions increased by 58% between 1994 and 2007, from 1.2billion to 1.9 billion tonnes, primarily resulting from the coal-based powersector that nearly doubled its share in emissions.

y India has more than 10% of the worlds coal reserves, and it plans to add 78.7GW of the power generation capacity ending March 2012.

y As per projections, Indias GHG emissions could be between 4 billion tonnesand 7.3 billion tonnes in 2031.

y Shift in energy profile from fossil fuel-based carbon intensive sources torenewable energy-based sources would help the growth of the sector on a lowcarbon and sustainable trajectory.


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GOVERNMENTS 5 POINT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN


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THANK YOU

EM GRP10 Carbon Credit Thermal Power Sector (1)

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