ELP Highway Code rail_Highway Code.pdfELP Highway Code. 9. 8. Never try to race or overtake trams....
Transcript of ELP Highway Code rail_Highway Code.pdfELP Highway Code. 9. 8. Never try to race or overtake trams....
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LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE
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PedestriansandotherroadusersatLightRailVehiclelevelcrossingareboundtowaitandnotcrossitevenifthelightisflashingasatthisparticularspot,theLightRailvehiclehaspriorityoverallotherroadusers.
Ifthetramhasalreadycrossedthelevelcrossing,donottakeitforgrantedthatthecrossingisfreeandjustenterthelevelcrossingasanothertrammaybecomingfromtheotherdirection.Sobeverycareful.
Thefactthatthebrakingdistanceandtimeofatramareverylongcomparedtoanyothervehiclesduetoit’ssizeandweightandthestructureoftherailtrack,longertimeisrequiredtocompletelystopthetram.Henceotherroadusersshouldbearthiselementinmindbeforeusingthetramlevelcrossing.
Atarailwaystation,passengersmayberunningorwalkingcarelesslytocatchthetram.Sodriversandridersshouldbealertanddrivetheirvehiclesatareasonablespeedtoavoidunexpectedmishaps.
TRAM HIGHWAY CODE & RULES
1. Ifaroad,alane,oranyotherrouteisreservedfortrams,youMUSTNOTenterit.
2. Use extra caution where trams run alongside the road especially whenovertakingit.
3. Avoiddriving‘directly’ontopoftherailsasthisaffectsthetyres.
4. Takeparticularcareanddonotfollowthetram,leavingthemaincarriagewaytoenterthereservedroute.
5. Tramlanesaremarkedoffbywhitelines,yellowdots,andadifferenttextureontheroad.Thus,theroadsurfacedistinguishesthewidthtakenupbytrams.
6. Takeextracarewherethetrackcrossestheroad.Usecautionwheretheroadnarrowsandthetrackscomeclosetothekerb.
7. Tramdriversgettheir instructionsfromtheirownappropriatetrafficsignals.Alwaysgivewaytotramsastheymayhavepermissiontomovewhenotherroadusersarenotauthorisedtodoso.
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8. Never try to raceorovertake trams.Donotdriveon thewholepart of thetram’srailtrackanditsreservepath.
9. Parkingordrivingintramtracksisdangerous.Tramdriverscannotsteeraroundan obstruction. You should not stop on any part of a tramline, except in adesignatedbay.Thelocationofthebaywillbealongsideandclearofthetrack.
10. YouMUSTNOTparkavehicleonanypartofthetramroad.
11. YouMUSTfollowtherouteshownbytheroadsignsandmarkingswhereatramstopsataplatform.Itwillbeeitherinthemiddleoratthesideoftheroad.Adoptadefensivedrivingattitudetocopewithanunexpectedmishap.
12. Drivers should look out for pedestrians, especially children, who may berunningtocatchatramasitapproachesastop.
13. Alwaysgivepriority to trams,especiallywhen they signal topull away fromstops,unlessitwouldbeunsafetodoso.
14. Rememberthatatrammaybecarryinglargenumbersofstandingpassengers.Theycouldgetinjuredifthetramhadtomakeanemergencystop.
15. Cyclists andmotorcyclists should takeparticular carewhendriving or ridingcloseto,andwhencrossing,thetracks.Thisisespeciallyimportantiftherailsarewet.Youshouldtakeextracautionwhencrossingtherailsatshallowangles,onabend,andatajunction.
16. Itissafesttocrossthetracksatrightangles(perpendicular).Otherroadusersshouldbeawarethatcyclistsandmotorcyclistsmightneedmorespacetocrossthetrackswithsafety.
17. As a rule, tramway wire regulations determine overhead power wires at acertainminimumheightaboveanycarriageway.Buttheymaybelowerinsomesituations.Alwaysensureyouhavesufficientclearancebetweenthewireandyourvehicle.
18. Loadyourvehicleinsuchawaythatyouareverysafefromtheoverheadwires.
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19. Ensure that equipment is fully lowered if you drive vehicleswith extendingcranes,booms,tippingapparatusorothertypesofvariableheightequipment.
HOW DOES THE TRAM BRAKE WORK?
Thegripofsteelwheelsonsteelrailstendstobelessthanisthecasewithrubbertyres, though sanding (dropping grittymaterial on the track) does compensate ifwheelslippageoccurs.
Therefore,whenlight-railsystemsortramssharespacewithpedestrians,automobilesandotherroadusers,orwherethevehiclesoperateonsteeptracks,safetydemandsthatthetrambefittedwithelectromagnetictrack-brakingforemergencyuse.
Thepowerofelectromagnetictrack-brakescomesfromelectromagneticattractionbetweenthebrakeandthetrack.
Theyareintendedtoprovideretardationbeyondtheadhesionlimitofthewheelsalone,whichultimatelyislimitedbytheweightofthevehicle.
Bogiemeanschassisorframeworkthatcarriesawheelsetofthetramandassuchtrackbrakesarefittedonthebogiesbetweeneachpairofwheelsandinlinewiththerunningrails.
Inoperationtheyarefirstdroppedintopositionontherails,usingairactuators,andthencurrentisappliedtostrongelectromagneticcoilswithintheshoes.
Thispulls thebrakeshoeshardagainstthetrackwithaforcethatcanexceedthevehicle’sweight,andstrongbrakingforcesresult.
Trackbrakesaretypicallyrecommendedforuseonlyinemergencysituations,addingtheirforcetothemainbrakes(electricbrakesanddiscbrakes)–especiallyvitalifatramortrainlosescontrolandapplicationofsandisineffective,orthediscbrakeshavefailed.
Theriskofdamagetothetrackworkatrailroadswitchesisgreat.
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Inpractice,somerailsystemsusethemmuchmorefrequently,tocompensateforrailsmadeslipperybyweatherconditions,orasaroll-backpreventionmeasureonhills.Trackbrakesareusuallyoperatedbyadriver’semergencystopbuttonmountedseparatelyfromthenormaltraction/brakecontroller.
Systemswhichusethemfrequentlymayhaveaseparateswitchtoactuatethetrackbrakewithoutactivatingotheremergencystoppingmeasures.
Onsomesystems,permanentmagnettrackbrakesareusedasparkingbrakes.
GOVERNMENT GAZETTE OF MAURITIUS NO. 115 OF 31 OCTOBER 2019
THE ROAD TRAFFIC ACT hasbeenamendedtogivelegalframeworktoLightRailTransitSystemcommonlyknownasMetroExpressintroducedin2019byLocalAuthority.
Thedangerwarningtrafficsignfor“Levelcrossingwithoutgateorbarriers”whichwaspreviouslydisplayedasbelow
ishenceforthamendedanditwillbedisplayedassuch
TRAFFIC SIGNS (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS 2019 - GN NO. 236 OF 2019
A32
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WarningoflevelcrossingwithoutgatesorbarrieronaroadonwhichtherearelightrailvehiclescrossingaheadshallbegivenbysignA32.
ThismeansthatdriversofallmotorvehiclesarewarnedthatLightRailVehiclesmaycrossatjunction.Further,therewillbenobarriertoseparatetheflowoftraffic.Thusdriversarewarnedtostoptheirvehiclesatthestoplineandtheyarenotallowedtocrossthestoplinewhenthelightrailiscrossingthejunction.
SINGLE TRACK – RAILWAY LINE – WARNING SIGN SHOWING LOCATION OF LEVEL CROSSING WITHOUT GATE OR BARRIERS
Thetrafficsignsupplementedwith“GIVEWAY”signshallbeplacedintheimmediatevicinityoflevelcrossings.
Basicallythissignindicatesthattherailwaylinecomprisesonlyonetracktobeusedsolelybyonelightrailvehicleatatime.
TWO OR MORE TRACKS - RAILWAY LINE - WARNING SIGN SHOWING LOCATION OF LEVEL CROSSING WITHOUT GATE OR BARRIERS
Thiswarningsignisusediftherailwaylinecomprisesatleast2tracksormorethatmaybeusedbytwoormorelightrailvehiclesatatime.
Thesignshallbesupplementedwith“GIVEWAY”sign.
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ADDITIONAL SIGNS THAT GIVE WARNING TO ROAD USERS THAT THEY ARE APPROACHING LEVEL CROSSING FOR LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES AT NEXT JUNCTION.
Threecountdownmarkers,shownbelow,willindicatethedistancefromthelightrailvehicle’slevelcrossingahead.
Thesesignsmaybeusedatdifferentintervalstokeeptheroaduserinformedaboutthedistancelefttoapproachthelevelcrossing.
Eachslashrepresents80metres.
Numberofslashesonthemarkermultipliedby80metresgivesyouanindicationofthenumberofmetreslefttoapproachthelightrailvehicle’slevelcrossing.
A. Thistrafficsignwith3slashesonthemarkerrepresents(3x80)=240metresdistanceawayfromapproachinglightrailvehiclelevelcrossing.
B. Thistrafficsignwith2slashesonthemarkerrepresents(2x80)=160metresdistanceawayfromapproachinglightrailvehiclelevelcrossing
C. This traffic sign with 1 slash on the marker represents (1x80) = 80 metresdistanceawayfromapproachinglightrailvehiclelevelcrossing
Local Information sign with the mention “Keep CrossingClear”maycomplementtogiveadequateinformationtoallroaduserssoasnottoobstructthefreepassageoflightrailvehicleonthelevelcrossing.
300
900
A B C
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Edge of road linesParagraph1 Edge of road line to give warning of the edge of the main
carriagewayshallconsistofeitherofthefollowing—
(a) alongitudinalmarkingconsistingofbrokenwhitelinesontheroadwithonemetrepaintedandonemetregap.Itshallbeusedasawarningline(H.3.2);
or
(b) a longitudinalmarkingconsistingofafullwhite lineandribspaced0.5metreontheedgeofaroad.Itshallbeusedasawarningline(H.3.3).
Paragraph2 The width of the lines shall vary from 100 millimetres to 200millimetres.
Paragraph3 Edgeofroadlineshallalsobeusedtoindicate—
(a) edgeofthecarriagewayataroadjunctionoralay-by,oratanexitfromprivatedriveontoapublicroad;
(b) edgeofthepartofthecarriagewayalongsidethelightrailcorridorusedbylightrailvehicles;
(c) theboundarybetweenemergencyrefugeareaandanactivelymanagedhardshoulderortheedgeofacarriagewayofamotorway;or
(d) thedivisionbetween themaincarriagewayandacycle lane throughajunction.
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Paragraph4 Where longitudinal lines are used to mark the edge of a road,and longitudinal lines connected to transverse lines are used todemarcateparkingspaces,busstops,taxistands,etc.ontheroad,theprohibitionspecifiedinparagraphIshallnotapply.
WORD MARKINGS FOR PROHIBITION OF ROAD TRAFFIC ON LIGHT RAILS
Thefollowingwordmarkingsmaybeusedonaredbackgroundfornotificationthatentryisprohibitedforallvehiclesotherthanlightrailvehicles.
TRANSVERSE MARKINGS FOR DELIMITATION OF CLEAR ZONE FOR ROAD TRAFFIC AT LEVEL CROSSINGS
Transversemarkingsconsistingofyellowbrokenlinesofawidthof200millimetreswithstrokesofonemetrelongandgapsof600millimetreslong(H.5.3),placedontheroadatalevelcrossing,shallbeusedasawarninglinebeyondwhichapersonoravehicleshallnotcrosswhenalightrailvehicleiscrossing.Suchmarkingsshallalsobeusedtoindicatethesweptpathfortheguidanceof lightrailvehicledrivers.
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YELLOW BROKEN LINE AND BOX ON RED BACKGROUND
RoadmarkingsatalevelcrossingconsistingofyellowbrokenlineH.5.3andyellowboxmarkingH6.onaredbackground,shallbeusedtoindicatea‘keepcrossingclear’zoneforpedestriansandvehiclesotherthanlightrailvehicles.
ENTRY TO A PARKING ZONE OF MOTORCARS NEAR LIGHT RAIL STATION
To indicate,neara light rail station, theentry toa zonewhere parking of motorcars is authorised, whethersubjecttopaymentornot,signC22maybeused.
C22
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QUESTIONS1. Thesignindicates A.Theschoolbusisnotallowedhere. B.Routereservedformotorbusonly C.Nearalightrailstation,theentrytoazonewhereparking
ofmotorcarsisauthorised.Ans:C
2. Traffic Light sign has permitted LightRail Vehicles (1) and (2) to proceedaheadwherebyprivate car and schoolmotor bus have to stop as the trafficlightisdisplayingredlightintheirlane.Between the school motor bus andprivate car,which vehiclehasproperlyandlegallystoppedattherightplace?
A.Theschoolbusasithasnotcrossedtheyellowdemarcationline.
B.Theprivatecarasithasnotcrossedthestopline
Ans:B
3. Whichroadmarkingsignindicatesi Notification that entry is prohibited for all
vehiclesotherthanLightRailVehicle?ii Warning line beyond which a person or
a vehicle shall not cross when a light railvehicle is crossing and it also includes theswept path for the guidance of light railvehicledrivers?
iii Transverselinethatisusedtodemarcateparkingspace,busstop,taxistand,etc...?iv Edgeofroadlinetogivewarningoftheedgeofthemaincarriageway?
Ans:i–Dii–Ciii–Biv–A
Private car
Light rail vehicle (2)
Light rail vehicle (1)
ABCD
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QUESTIONSWhichsignindicates ABC
1. 240metresdistanceawayfromapproachinglightrailvehiclelevelcrossingaseachstripeonthemarkerrepresents80metres,sothreeredstripesamountto(3X80)=240metres?
2. 80metresdistanceawayfromapprochinglightrailvehiclelevelcrossing?3. 160metresdistanceawayfromapproachinglightrailvehiclelevelcrossing?
Ans:1–A2–C3–B
Whichsignindicates
ABCD1. Localinformativesignastonotenterthecrossingiftheexitisnotclear?2. Dangerwarningsign–Levelcrossingwithoutgateorbarrier?3. Givewaytotramcirculatingonasingletrackrailwayline?4. Givewaytotramcirculatingonadoubletrackrailwayline?5. GivewaytoTramatlevelcrossing?
Ans:1–D2–A3–B4–C5–BCD
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