Elizabeth Waring and A. Scott Holaday Texas Tech University
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Transcript of Elizabeth Waring and A. Scott Holaday Texas Tech University
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Seasonal change effects on photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism
and soil nitrogen in competing invasive Phalaris arundinacea and
native Carex stricta
Elizabeth Waring and A. Scott Holaday
Texas Tech University
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Why study physiology in invasive species?
GrowthReproduct
ion
Metabolic Adaptations
Soil NitrogenSeasonal Changes
Performance
Physiological
Processes
Environment
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Wetlands and Invasion• Wetlands are particularly likely to be
invaded1 – Sinks in hydrological systems– Seeds and plant parts are easily
dispersed by water• Nitrogen sinks
– Increasing from anthropogenic changes• Phalaris arundinacea/Carex stricta
model1 Zedler and Kercher 2004
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Phalaris arundinacea L.• “Reed
Canarygrass”• Few native
populations in North America
• Mostly hybrid of native European and Asian populations
• Increased biomass with increased nitrogen
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Carex stricta Lam• “Tussock Sedge”• Native east of
Great Plains• Biodiversity
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Research Questions• (1) Do the species differ with respect to
nitrogen assimilation that affects photosynthetic processes?
• (2) Is there a relationship between seasonal changes in physiological processes and available soil nitrogen?
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Nitrogen Assimilation
NO2- NH4
+
Building Amino Acids
NO3-
Soil Plant
NR NiR
NH4+
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Leaf Nitrogen, Protein Content and Photosynthesis• First step of
Calvin-Benson Cycle catalyzed by Rubisco
• Strong relationship • Link carbon and
nitrogen metabolism
• Leaf N – mg/g leaf tissue – CE Elantech
• Protein by Bradford Assay1
Wright et al. 2004
1 Bradford 1976
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Photosynthesis
Ci (ppm)
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Soil Probes• Cation and anion• Trap moving
nitrogen• In soil for 3 weeks• 4 blocks of 4 pairs
per site• Analyzed in at
Western Ag labs in ND
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• Data were collected seasonally in 2012
• Leaf N from 2011• Tissue samples
collected in May, July, October
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Site 1 (“Phalaris site”)• Phalaris dominated • Some Carex species
mixed• Low Biodiversity
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Site 1 (“Phalaris site”)• Phalaris dominated • Some Carex species
mixed• Low Biodiversity
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Site 1 (“Phalaris site”)• Phalaris dominated • Some Carex species
mixed• Low Biodiversity
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Site 2 (“Carex site”)• Some Phalaris on
East side• High Biodiversity
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Site 2 (“Carex site”)• Some Phalaris on East
side• High Biodiversity
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Site 2 (“Carex site”)• Some Phalaris on East
side• High Biodiversity
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SLA
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Statistical Analysis• Seasons to Julian date• Mixed Effects Linear Regression
Model in R• Nested by individual (repeated
measurements)• Followed by ANOVA
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Mixed effects model nested by individual (n=4)spp p<0.05 and dateXspp p <0.05
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Mixed effects model nested by individual (n=4)spp p<0.05 and dateXspp p <0.05
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2011 dataMixed effects model nested by individual (n=4)spp p<0.05 and date p <0.05
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Mixed effects model nested by individual (n=6)Spp, date, and site p<0.05 and dateXspp p <0.0001 and dateXsppXsite p<0.05
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Mixed effects model nested by individual (n=6)spp p<0.005 and date p <0.0001
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Mixed effects model nested by individual (n=6)Site p<0.1 and date p <0.0001
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Nitrate:Site p<0.005
Ammonium
Site p<0.05Date p<0.005DateXSite p<0.05
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Conclusions• (1) Do the species differ with respect to
nitrogen assimilation that affects photosynthetic processes?– Yes. Although mostly in Carex
• (2) Is there a relationship between seasonal changes in physiological processes and available soil nitrogen?– Carex No– Phalaris Possibly. Few traits varied between
sites, but appears Phalaris increased dominance with increased nitrate?
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Future Directions• Expand sampling sites• Use proxies
– Leaf N– Soil N– Protein content
• >20 sites sampled in May
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Acknowledgements
• Hasitha Guvvala and Yuanhua Wang• Moore-Kucera lab• The Wetland Foundation• Department of Biological Sciences• VPR Office