Elimination The Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Systems
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Transcript of Elimination The Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Systems
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Lisa Flatt, RN, MSN, CHPN
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Lower GI tract The Large intestine consists of:
____________ ____________ ____________
Sigmoid Colon Rectum & Anus
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Where does the majority of bowel absorption take place?_____________________
Can you voluntarily contract and relax the anal sphincters?_____________________
Is the GI tract sterile?_____________ Where is the peritoneum?_________ Is the peritoneal area sterile?_______
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Surgery that involves the bowel is considered “unclean” because the bowel contents and flora contain a large amount of bacteria, that if spread to the peritoneum cause peritonitis.
How would a patient develop peritonitis if they have abdominal surgery – that does not involve the bowel? (like a C-section)
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Feces/fecal matter/bowel movement /stool– what are some other terms patients may use?
“Normal stool” is soft, firm, brown and formed Abnormal consistency: diarrhea, constipated
(hard, rock-like), flakey, fulminant, frothy, liquid
“Abnormal” colors: white, yellow, green, red, black, clay-colored, chalk-colored
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Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra
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Nephron – the functional unit of the kidney Glomeruli- filters wastes; absorption,
resorption and reabsorption of fluids & electrolytes = initial production of urine
Loop of Henle – tubular system in the glomeruli (descending & ascending) that transport the urine, it starts as H2O and becomes more acidic as it moves down the loop
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What is the difference between the male and female urethra?________________________
What does UTI stand for?________________ Is a UTI in a male or female considered an
emergency and very serious? _________ Why?_____________________________
Is the Urinary Tract sterile?____________ Is urinary function usually decreased as a
result of the loss of one kidney?_________
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Define Pyelonephritis __________________ Can upper urinary tract infections be
considered life-threatening?_____________ Are lower UTI’s more common in men or
women?_____________________ How are they treated?______________ What are some drug classifications used
to treat UTI’s?___________
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Urine/Making water/ pee pee/ wee wee – can you think of any other names?
“Normal” appearance – clear and light yellow in color
“Abnormal” findings - blood, sediment, mucus or calculi (stones), brown color, foul smelling, sluggish (thick)
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What can dark colored urine indicate?_____________
What if urine is bloody/red colored?_______
Who is at the highest risk for urinary retention? ____Why?__________________
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Sex Age & Developmental Level Individual Preferences and patterns
(dietary habits) Physical condition Cultural, spiritual and/or religious factors Socioeconomic factors Environmental factors Psychological factors
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Turn to page 33 in your workbook
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Turn to page 34
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Turn to page 34 and 35
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How do the various stages of life affect elimination?_________________________
What affect can activity have on intestinal elimination?_________________________
What affect does physical condition have on intestinal elimination?__________________
What affect does diet have on intestinal elimination?__________________________
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PROBLEM WHAT TO DO
Constipation Diarrhea Fecal impaction Flatulence Incontinence Helminths
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PROBLEM WHAT TO DO
Frequency Nocturia Urgency Dysuria Enuresis Incontinence Retention Polyuria
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DISEASE/CONDITION CAUSE AND TREATMENT
UTI – BPH – Incontinence –
Functional Overflow Reflex Total
Retention – Urinary suppression -
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