Elevator 2 Language Lift

7/27/2019 Elevator 2 Language Lift

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Unit I, p2Unit 9, p63Unit 9, p66Unit 9, p7Unit 10, p69Unit 10, p70Unit 't0, p71Unit 10, p72Unit 10, p73Unit 11, p77Unit 11- p78Unit 11, p79Unit 11, p80Unit 11, p81Unit 12, p82Unit 12, p83Unit 12, p85Unit'12. p8Unit'12, p87Unit'13, p90Unit 13, p91Unit 13, p94Unlt 13, p95Unit 14, p96Unit 14, p97Unit 14, p100Unit 14, p101Unt'15, p't06Unil 15, p107Unit 15, p108Unit 1, plGlUnit 16, p110Unit 16, pI11

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I. rHere's a list of some common words and phrases we use to talk about grammar.

Adjectives describe people, things, events, etc: He's very ambitious. I was frightened.This movie'sexciting.Adverbs say when, how or how often something happens: He played soccer yesterday. She's speakingslowly.We always go shopping on the weekend.Articlesarethewordsa,anandthe.Alan istheindefinitearticleithe isthedefinitearticle.Zeroarticle is when we do not use an article in front of nouns.Collocations refer to words that often occur together: commt a crime, do homework, heavy traffic.Compound nouns are words made of two or more nouns joined together: stoplight,trafficiam,billboard.Contractions are short verb forms: |m, we're, was n't, it's.The infinitive is the main form of a verb usually used with to: l've decided to get a better iob.She expects me to do my homework every night.Modalverbsexpresspossibilityandgivingadvice: She couldn'tswimwhenshewasfive.Youdon'tneed to take an umbrella.We must hurry. lt might rain tomorrow.Nouns refer to people, a nima ls a nd objects: teacher, cat, book, water.Objects are nouns or pronouns. They usually come after the verb and tell us who or what is affectedby the verb: They bought o house. She opened the door. I like him.Prefixes go before a word root to give the word a new meaning: overcooked,supermarket,underdeveloped.Prepositions a re words such as in, on, above, below.f hey usua lly come before a nou n or pronou n:We live in London.The bookstore is above the phone store.Pronouns are words we use instead of nouns.There are different types of pronouns:Subject pronouns, such as l,you,they;Objecf pronouns, such as me, him,them; Possessive pronouns,such as mine, yours, hers; Re lative pronou ns, s uch as where, who, whose; Reflexive pronou ns, such a smyself yourselfSubjects are nouns or pronouns. They usually come before the verb and refer to the main person orthing of the sentence:Ashley loves listening to music. My mother is a doctor. Mango trees grow inMexico.Tenses are different forms of the verb used to express different times:Present tenses talk about time now: l'm busy at the moment. She's talking to herfriend.There is no future tense in English-we use different verb forms to talk about the future: Children willlearn by computer in the future. I'm going to vist lndia next summer. She's playing tennis tomorrow.Pasttensestalkaboutthepast:lsawyouintheparkyesterday.l'vebeenscubadivingthreetimes. Iused to live in Paris. He was driving home when his car broke down.Verbs are words like to ask,to play,to be,to have,to cook.Ihey usually describe actions or states.

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This language reference bookexpressions you have studied containsand

There are three main ways to use this book:. Read it after class and review allthe language that you studied in the lesson.. Study it during class to give you a better understanding of the lesson's grammarfocus.. Use the vocabulary and useful expressions when you need them in real-lifePage Page4 Unit 097 Unit ro9 Unit 1112 Unit rz15 Unit r318 Unit r4zo Unit r522 Unit 16lrregular verbsPronunciation chart

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Present simpleo We use the present simple to talk about:Things that are generally true or facts:-fuu LLve Lw a bLa house-I dow't hqve a gardew.Habits and routines:t ge to work, at e every dag.

t+ow oftew do gor.t gp swLvwvwLwgz

. To make negative sentences, we use do/does + not + infinitive without to.. To make questions, we use do/does + subject + infinitive without to.

. For regular verbs, add -s to the infinitive for the third person singular form:t Lau the dntt*s. ) lleLausthe drwv,*s.- -resent contnuous. We use the present continuous for actions happening now:-they're watohLvtg a n*ovLe.tle's LauLwa the auLtar-r______fj- . We form the present continuous with subject + to be (am/is/are) +verb -ing.

. Some verbs are not used in the continuous form:believe,forget, want, like, love, hate, need, prefer, understand, know, remember.4

Spelling of -ing forms. For most verbs, we add -ing:clean + cleaningwatch * watching. For verbs that end in -e, we omit the e before adding -ing:drive -+ driving (not driveing)move * moving (not moveing). For verbs that end in -le, we change the ie toy:die * dying (not dieing)lie * lying (not lieing). For short verbs that end in one vowel + one consonant, we double the consonant:get gettingrun * running. For verbs that end in one vowel +y or w, we add -ing:play * playingSnow + snowingPresent contnuous for future time. We use the present continuous to talk about a definite future arrangement or

plan. We often say when it will happen:-rheg are. goLwg to a oowoeyt ow satwrdag wLght. (They have tickets for theconcert.)what aye tot doLwg thLs weebewdi (What are your plans for this weekend?). We also use be going to + infinitive without to for future arrangements:what are Vo& aoLwg to do thLs weekewdt However, the present continuous ismore natural.Time expressons'

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Furniturearmchairbookshelfchest of drawerscoffee tablecurtainsdesklightplantrugsofatelephonewastebasketVerb + noun collocations related to moving houseto clean the kitchen floor/the walls/the carpetsto decorate the living room/the bathroom/the bedroomto deliver a new sofala ref rigerator/a washing machineto fix the roof/the doorlthe windowsto move the furniture/the sofa/the rugsto move in to a new house/place/apartmentto organize a fa rewel l/housewa rmin g party

lnvitationsMaking an invitation Accepting r Declining

Comparative and superatve adjectivesfttCA. ALs svwaLLerthawB.A Ls the stwaLLest.$zoF

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Subject and object questionsSu bject)ohw verb objectoaLLed Aww.Would you like to come tomy party on Satu rday?

Can you come?ld love to!That's really nice of you.That would be great!See you there.

Thanks for asking me, but...l'm afraid I can't.That's really nice of you, but.... We use subject questions to find out about the subject of a sentence:who caLLed Aww?. ln subject questions we use who/what + verb + object.. We do not use auxiliary verbs or invert the subject and verb:sov,*ethLwg haewed. what haewedt (what dLd hayewz \. We use object questions to find out about the object of a sentence:who dLd_ohw oaLL?

ln object questions we use wholwhat + auxiliary verb + subject + infinitive withoutto.We use auxiliary verbs (be, have, do)and we invert the subject and auxiliary verb.


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ContinentsAfricaAnta rcticaAsiaAustra lasiaEuropeNorth AmericaSouth AmericaGeographical featuresdesertisla ndjunglela kemountaln rangeflverseavaileyvolcanoAdjective+noun col locationsexotic plantsra re speciesrocky coastlinerough seassandy beachesthick rain forest

Talking about IocationIt's in central...It's in eastern...It's in northern...It's in southern...It's in western...It's near the border...It's not (very) far from...It's on the coast.

related to nature

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con and could for abilityWe use can to talk about present ability.I can do something means "l am able to do it" or "l know how to do it":I oawLau the awLtar.

-r------f,We use could to talk about past abllity:eLvLs PresLeu oovtLd sLwa veru weLL.v- aAffirmative She can ,emember faces but not names.

Can you speak ltalian?. Can and could are modalverbs.They are used with other verbs.They do not havedifferent forms for the third person.. They are followed by the infinitive without to:

t oaw'tto oowLetotheparty. X)waw oaw u-wderstawd ewgLLsh verg weLL. r'. They are not used with the auxiliaries do/did.. To form negatives of modal verbs, we add not:\ovc dow't oawLay weLL. \We oovtLdwtbeLLeve Lu r'. To form questions, we invert the modal and the subject.

Talking about ability: be good ot. To talk about present and past ability, we can use be good at + noun -ing:She's reaLLu aood at n*ath--teu werew't aood at sort whew theu weye at sohooL.Adverbs of degree. Pretb/, really and very are used before adjectives and adverbs to modify oremphasize what you are saying. Really and very are stronger than pretty:I was yeaLLu aood at Frewch whew I wAs uowwa._ Utt was retlLu hot Last Swwdau.---he was veYu aood at card trLcks.. ln negative statements,we use very:tte oaw't sLwq verU weLL

Elevator 2 Language Lift

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