ELEMENTS OF POETRY: SOUND DEVICES &

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

CORNELL NOTES REMINDER…

2

Your Name

Today’s Date

Period

Title is POETRY: SOUND DEVICES & FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Write words to be defined and types of figurative language here.

Write definitions, explanations, and some examples here.

For these notes, you do not need to use a summary space, as you see here.

Idiom

3

Phrases that are not intended to be taken literally. The literal meaning of the phrase often does not make sense.

He drove me up the wall. Literal meaning = I was a passenger in a car he was driving that went up a wall.

Figurative meaning = He irritated or annoyed me greatly.

Idiom (continued)

4

What are some other idioms you are familiar with?

Copy down 2-3 of them, list the literal and figurative meaning of each.

Hyperbole

5

A hyperbole is an exaggeration used to provide emphasis on a concept or idea.

Example: I have told you a thousand times to clean up your room!

Personification

6

This occurs when a writer gives human-like qualities to non-human things.

Example: The camera loves me!

Simile and Metaphor

7

A simile is a comparison between two generally unlike things that uses the words “like” or “as”

A metaphor also is a comparison between two generally unlike things that does not use “like” or “as”. Instead, it commonly uses “is” or “was”.

Imagery

8

This is when a writer uses descriptive language that speaks directly to one or more of a reader’s five senses:

Hearing, sight, taste, touch, and smell.

Onomatopoeia

9

Words that sound like their meaning --- the “sound” they describe.

buzz… hiss… roar… meow… woof… rumble… howl… snap… zip… zap… blip… whack … crack… crash… flutter… flap… squeak… whirr.. pow… plop… crunch… splash… jingle… rattle… bam!

Alliteration

10

The repetition of initial consonant sounds, in two or more neighboring words or syllables.

The wild and wooly walrus waits and wonders when we will walk by.Slowly, silently, now the moon

Walks the night in her silver shoon;

This way, and that, she peers, and sees

Silver fruit upon silver trees…

-- from Silver by Walter de la Mare

How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? (almost ALL tongue twisters!)

Assonance

11

A repetition of vowel sounds within words or syllables.

Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese.

Free and easy.

Make the grade.

The stony walls enclosed the holy space.

Consonance

12

Repetition of internal or ending consonant sounds of words close together in poetry.

Example:

I dropped the locket in the thick muck

Repetition

Words or phrases repeated in writings to give emphasis, rhythm, and/or a sense of urgency.

Example: from Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Bells”

To the swinging and the ringing of the bells, bells, bells – Of the bells, bells, bells, bells Bells, bells, bells – To the rhyming and the chiming of the bells! 13

Think of all the songs

you know where

words and lines are

repeated – often a

lot!

Rhythm and Meter

• Rhythm is the sound pattern created by stressed and unstressed syllables.

• The pattern can be regular or random.

• Meter is the regular patterns of stresses found in many poems and songs..

• Rhythm is often combined with rhyme, alliteration, and other poetic devices to add a

musical quality to the writing.

14

RHYTHM AND METER CONTINUED… Example:

I think that I shall never see a poem lovely as a tree.

The purple words/syllables are “stressed”, and they have a regular pattern, so this poetic line has “meter”.

15

Rhyme

• The repetition of end sounds in words

• End rhymes appear at the end of two or more lines of poetry.

• Internal rhymes appear within a single line of poetry.

• Slant rhyme is when words do not technically rhyme, but sound very similar.

16

Ring around the rosies,A pocket full of posies,

Abednego was meek and mild; he softly spoke, he sweetly smiled.

He never called his playmates names, and he was good in running games;

Rhyme Scheme

• The pattern of end rhymes (of lines) in a poem.

• Letters are used to identify a poem’s rhyme scheme (a.k.a rhyme pattern).

• The letter a is placed after the first line and all lines that rhyme with the first line.

• The letter b identifies the next line ending with a new sound, and all lines that rhyme with it.

• Letters continue to be assigned in sequence to lines containing new ending sounds. 17

a.k.a =

“also

known as”

This may seem confusing, but it isn’t. Really!

RHYME SCHEME CONTINUED…

Examples:

Twinkle, twinkle little star a

How I wonder what you are. a

Up above the earth so high, b

Like a diamond in the sky. b

Baa, baa, black sheep a

Have you any wool? b

Yes sir, yes sir, c

Three bags full. b18

RHYME SCHEME CONTINUED…

What is the rhyme scheme of this stanza?

Whose woods these are I think I know.

His house is in the village though;

He will not see me stopping here

To watch his woods fill up with snow.

19

From Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost

Did you get it right? aaba

Whose woods these are I think I know. a

His house is in the village though; a

He will not see me stopping here b

To watch his woods fill up with snow. a

20

Elements of Poetry:

Types of Poems

CORNELL NOTES REMINDER…

22

Your Name

Today’s Date

Period

Title is POETRY: Types of Poems

Write words to be defined and types of figurative language here.

Write definitions, explanations, and some examples here.

For these notes, you do not need to use a summary space, as you see here.

Lines and Stanzas

• Remember:

• A line is like a sentence in a poem.

• A stanza is like a paragraph in a poem. It is a group of lines forming a section of a poem.

• A two-line stanza is called a couplet.A three-line stanza is called a tercet.A four-line stanza is called a quatrain.A five-line stanza is called a cinquain.A six-line stanza is called a sestet.A seven-line stanza is called a septet.An eight-line stanza is called an octave, or sometimes an octet.

23

Diamante

•A 7 lined poem. That is diamond in shapeLine 1: Noun or subject Line 2: Two Adjectives describing the first noun/subect Line 3: Three verbs ending in “ing” describing the first noun/subject

Line 4: Four words: two about the first noun/subject, two about the antonym/synonym

Line 5: Three verbs ending in “ing” about the antonym/synonym

Line 6: Two adjectives describing the antonym/synonym Line 7: Antonym/synonym for the subject

24

Diamante cont.

Rain humid, damp

refreshing, dripping, splattering wet, slippery, cold, slushy sliding, melting, freezing

frigid, icy Snow

25

Haiku

•Haiku is an unrhymed Japanese verse consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables (5, 7, 5) or 17 syllables in all. Haiku is usually written in the present tense and focuses on nature.

I walk across sand

And find myself blistering

In the hot, hot heat

26

Cinquain

• Cinquain is a short, usually unrhymed poem consisting of twenty-two syllables distributed as 2, 4, 6, 8, 2, in five lines

• Line 1: Noun

• Line 2: Description of Noun (Adjectives)

• Line 3: Action (Verbs ending in “ing”)

• Line 4: Feeling or Effect

• Line 5: Synonym of the initial noun

27

Cinquain (continued)

Spaghetti

Messy, spicy

Slurping, sliding, falling

Between my plate and mouth

Delicious

28

Epitaph

• An epitaph is a brief poem inscribed on a tombstone praising a deceased person, usually with rhyming lines.

• What happened to me, was not good, Hit by a car, bounced off the hood, Would get up, if only I could, Now here I lay, where once I stood

29

Acrostic

• Acrostic Poetry is where the first letter of each line spells a word, usually using the same words as in the title.

•Devoted, On Guard.

30

Shape Poetry

• Poetry can take on many formats, but one of the most inventive forms is for the poem to take on the shape of its subject. Therefore, if the subject of your poem were of a flower, then the poem would be shaped like a flower. If it were of a fish, then the poem would take on the shape of a fish

31

Limerick

A limerick is a light hearted humorous poem.

A limerick always has the rhyming scheme

A-A-B-B-A

Oftentimes, Limericks follow the structure of “Hickory Dickory Dock”

32

Limerick (continued)

• There once was an ape in a zooWho looked out through the bars and saw youDo you think it's fairTo give poor apes a scare?I think it's a mean thing to do.

33

Free Verse

• Free Verse is an irregular form of poetry in which the content free of traditional rules of versification, (freedom from fixed meter or rhyme). In moving from line to line, the poet's main consideration is where to insert line breaks. Some ways of doing this include breaking the line where there is a natural pause or at a point of suspense for the reader.

34

Free Verse cont.

•“The Red Wheelbarrow” by William Carlos Williams so much depends

upon a red wheel

barrow glazed with rain

water beside the white

chickens 35

Sonnet

• A Sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, written in iambic pentameter, with a particular rhyme scheme.

• FYI: William Shakespeare wrote many well-known sonnets

• Sonnets consist of 4 stanzas:• Stanza 1 = Quatrain• Stanza 2 = Quatrain• Stanza 3 = Quatrain• Stanza 4 = Couplet

36

Sonnet (continued)

•Iambic pentameter:

•What is an iamb? An iamb is one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed

syllable, as in the word “beyond.“

Unstressed syllable is marked with

Stressed syllable is marked with

Example:

37

Sonnet (continued)

• EXAMPLE:

38

Sonnet 18 – William Shakespeare

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date;

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.