Elements of Felonies

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ELEMENTS OF FELONIESIN THE REVISED PENAL CODEAND THEIR PENALTIES (2007)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ONE - Crimes Against National Securityand the Law of Nations

Chater ONE ! Crimes Against National Security

Art" ##$" TreasonArt" ##%" Consiracy and roosal to

commit treasonArt" ##&" 'isrision of TreasonArt" ##(" EsionageArt" ##)" Inciting to war or gi*ing moti*es

for rerisalsArt" ##+" ,iolation of NeutralityArt" #." Corresondence with hostile

countryArt" ##" Flight to enemy/s countryArt" #" 0iracy in general and mutiny on

the high seas or in 0hiliine waters

Art" #1" 2ualified iracy

TITLE T3O -Crimes Against the Fundamental Laws ofthe State

Chater ONE ! Ar4itrary 5etention andE6ulsion7 *iolation of 5welling7 0rohi4ition7Interrution7 and 5issolution of 0eaceful 'eetingand Crimes Against8eligious 3orshi

Art" #$" Ar4itrary 5etentionArt" #%" 5elay in the deli*ery of detained

ersons to the roer 9udicial AuthoritiesArt" #&" 5elaying releaseArt" #(" E6ulsionArt" #)" ,iolation of domicileArt" #+" Search warrants maliciously

o4tained7 and a4use in the ser*ice of thoselegallyo4tained

Art" #1." Searching domicile without

witnesses Art" #1#" 0rohi4ition7 interrution7 anddissolution of eaceful meetings

Art" #1" Interrution of religious worshiArt" #11" Offending the religious feelings

TITLE T:8EE - Crimes Against 0u4lic Order

Chater ONE ! 8e4ellion7 Cou d/etat7 Sedition7and 5isloyalty

Art" #1$" 8e4ellion or insurrectionArt" #1$-A" Cou d/etatArt" #1%" 0enalty for re4ellion7

insurrection or cou d/etatArt" #1&" Consiracy and roosal to

commit cou d/etat7 re4ellion or Insurrection


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Art" #1(" 5isloyalty of u4lic officers oremloyees

Art" #1)" Inciting to re4ellion orinsurrection

Art" #1+" Sedition

Art"#$." 0enalty for seditionArt" #$#" Consiracy to commit seditionArt" #$" Inciting to sedition

Chater T3O ! Crimes Against 0oular8eresentation

Art" #$1" Acts tending to re*ent themeeting of the Assem4ly and similar 4odies

Art" #$$" 5istur4ance of roceedings

Art" #$%" ,iolation of arliamentaryimmunity

Chater T:8EE ! Illegal Assem4lies andAssociations

Art" #$&" Illegal assem4liesArt" #$(" Illegal associations

Chater FO;8 ! Assault ;on7 and 8esistanceand 5iso4edience to7 0ersons in Authority and their

Agents

Art" #$)" 5irect assaultsArt" #$+" Indirect assaultsArt" #%." 5iso4edience to summons issued

4y the National Assem4ly7 itscommittees or

su4committees7 4y the Constitutional Commissions7itscommittees7 su4committees or di*isions

Art" #%#" 8esistance and diso4edience to aerson in authority or the agents of such erson

Art" #%" 0ersons in authority and agents

of ersons in authority

Chater FI,E ! 0u4lic 5isorders

Art" #%1" Tumults and other distur4ancesof u4lic orders

Art" #%$" ;nlawful use of means ofu4lication and unlawful utterances

Art" #%%" Alarms and scandalsArt" #%&" 5eli*ering risoners from 9ail

Chater SI< ! E*asion of Ser*ice of Sentence

Art" #%(" E*asion of ser*ice of sentenceArt" #%)" E*asion of ser*ice of sentence on

the occasion of disorder7 conflagrations7 earth=ua>es7or other calamities

Art" #%+" Other cases of e*asion of ser*iceof sentence

Chater SE,EN ! Commission of Another Crime

Suring Ser*ice of 0enalty Imosed for Another0re*ious Offense

Art" #&." Commission of another crimeduring ser*ice of enalty imosed for anotherre*ious offense


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TITLE FO;8- Crimes Against 0u4lic Interest

Chater ONE ! Forgeries

Art" #" Counterfeiting the great seal ofthe ?o*ernment of the 0hiliine Islands7 forging thesignature or stam of the Chief E6ecuti*e

Art" #&" ;sing forged signature orcounterfeit seal or stam

Art" #&1" 'a>ing and imorting anduttering false coin

Art" #&$" 'utilation of coinsArt" #&%" Selling of false or mutilated coin7

without conni*anceArt" #&&" Forging treasury or 4an> notes or

other documents aya4le to 4earer@ imorting anduttering such false or forged notes and documents

Art" #&(" Counterfeiting7 imorting7 anduttering instruments not aya4le to Bearer

Art" #&)" Illegal ossession and use offalse treasury or 4an> notes and other instruments ofcredit

Art" #&+" :ow forgery is committedArt" #(." Falsification of legislati*e

documents

Art" #(#" Falsification 4y u4lic officer7emloyee or notary or ecclesiastical 'inister

Art" #(" Falsification 4y ri*ate indi*idualand use of falsified documents"

Art" #(1" Falsification of wireless7 ca4le7telegrah and telehone messages7 and use of saidfalsified messages

Art" #($" False medical certificates7 falsecertificates of merits or ser*ice7 etc"

Art" #(%" ;sing false certificatesArt" #(&" 'anufacturing and ossession of

instrument or imlements for falsification

Chater T3O ! Other Falsities

Art" #((" ;suration of authority or officialfunctions

Art" #()" ;sing fictitious name andconcealing true name

Art" #(+" Illegal use of uniforms or insigniaArt" #)." False testimony against a

defendantArt" #)#" False testimony fa*ora4le to the

defendantArt" #)" False testimony in ci*il casesArt" #)1" False testimony in other cases

and er9ury in solemn affirmationArt" #)$" Offering false testimony in

e*idence

Chater T:8EE ! Frauds

Art" #)%" 'achinations in u4lic auctionsArt" #)&" 'onoolies and com4inations in

restraint of trade


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Art" #)(" Imortation and disosition offalsely mar>ed article or merchandise made of gold7sil*er7 or other recious metals or their alloys

Art" #))" Su4stituting and alteringtrademar>s7 tradenames7 or ser*ice mar>s

Art" #)+" ;nfair cometition7 fraudulentregistration of tradename7 trademar>7 or ser*ice mar>7fraudulent desgination of origin7 and false descrition

TITLE FI,E ! Crimes 8elati*e to Oium and other0rohi4ited 5rugs

TITLE SI< ! Crimes Against 0u4lic 'orals

Chater ONE ! ?am4ling and Betting

Art" #+%" 3hat acts are unisha4le ingam4ling

Art" #+&" Imortation7 sale and ossessionof lottery tic>ets or ad*ertisements

Art" #+(" Betting in sort contestsArt" #+)" Illegal 4etting on horse raceArt" #++" Illegal coc>fighting

Chater T3O ! Offenses Against 5ecency and?ood Customs

Art" .." ?ra*e scandalArt" .#" Immoral doctrines7 o4scene

u4lications and e6hi4itions and indecent showsArt" ." ,agrants and rostitutes@ enalty

TITLE SE,EN ! Crimes committed 4y 0u4lic Officers

Chater ONE ! 0reliminary 0ro*isions

Art" .1" 3ho are u4lic officers

Chater T3O ! 'alfeasance and 'isfeasance inOffice

Art" .$" nowingly rendering un9ust9udgment

Art" .%" udgment rendered throughnegligence

Art" .&" ;n9ust interlocutory order"Art" .(" 'alicious delay in the

administration of 9usticeArt" .)" 0rosecution of offenses@

negligence and tolerance"Art" .+" Betrayal of trust 4y an attorney

or solicitor-re*elation of secrets"Art" #." 5irect 4ri4ery"Art" ##" Indirect Bri4ery"Art" ##-A" 2ualified 4ri4ery"Art" #" Corrution of u4lic officials

Chater T:8EE ! Frauds and Illegal E6actions

and Transactions

Art" #1" Fraud against the u4lictreasury and similar offenses"

Art" #$" Other frauds"Art" #%" 0rohi4ited transactions"


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Art" #&" 0ossession of rohi4itedinterest 4y a u4lic officer"

Chater FO;8 ! 'al*ersationof 0u4lic Funds or0roerty

Art" #(" 'al*ersation of u4lic funds orroerty ! resumtion of mal*ersation"

Art" #)" Failure of accounta4le officer torender accounts"

Art" #+" Failure of a resonsi4le u4licofficer to render accounts 4eforelea*ing the country"

Art" ." Illegal use of u4lic funds orroerty"

Art" #" Failure to ma>e deli*ery ofu4lic funds of roerty"

Art" " Officers included in thereceding ro*isions"

Chater FI,E ! Infidelity of 0u4lic Officers

Art" 1" Conni*ing with or consenting toe*asion"

Art" $" E*asion through negligence"Art" %" Escae of risoner under the

custody of a erson not a u4lic officer"

Art" &" 8emo*al7 concealment7 ordestruction of documents"

Art" (" Officer 4rea>ing seal"Art" )" Oening and closed documents"Art" +" 8e*elation of secrets 4y an

officer"

Art" 1." 0u4lic officer re*ealing secrets ofri*ate indi*idual"

Chater SI< ! Other Offenses or Irregularities 4y0u4lic Officers

Art" 1#" Oen diso4edience"Art" 1" 5iso4edience to order of

suerior officer when said order was susended 4yinferior officer"

Art" 11" 8efusal of assistance"Art" 1$" 8efusal to discharge electi*e

office"Art" 1%" 'altreatment of risoners"Art" 1&" Anticiation of duties of a u4lic

office"Art" 1(" 0rolonging erformance of

duties and owers"Art" 1)" A4andonment of office or

osition"Art" 1+" ;suration of legislati*e owers"Art" $." ;suration of e6ecuti*e

functions"Art" $#" ;suration of 9udicial functions"Art" $" 5iso4eying re=uest for

dis=ualification"

Art" $1" Orders or re=uest 4y e6ecuti*eofficers to any 9udicial authority"

Art" $$" ;nlawful aointments"Art" $%" A4uses against chastity"

TITLE EI?:T - Crimes Against 0ersons


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Chater ONE ! 5estructionof Life

Art" $&" 0arricide

Art" $(" 5eath or hysical in9uriesinflicted under e6cetional circumstances"

Art" $)" 'urder"Art" $+" :omicide"Art" %." 0enalty for frustrated arricide7

murder or homicide"Art" %#" 5eath caused in a tumultuous

affray"Art" %" 0hysical in9uries inflicted in a

tumultuous affray"Art" %1" ?i*ing assistance to suicide"Art" %$" 5ischarge of firearms"Art" %%" Infanticide"#

Art" %&" Intentional a4ortion"Art" %(" ;nintentional a4ortion"Art" %)" A4ortion racticed 4y the

woman herself or 4y her arents"Art" %+" A4ortion racticed 4y a

hysician or midwife and disensing ofa4orti*es"

Art" &." 8esonsi4ility of articiants in

a duel"Art" " Challenging to a duel"

Chater T3O ! 0hysical In9uries

#

Art" &" 'utilation"Art" &1" Serious hysical in9uries"Art" &$" Administering in9urious

su4stances or 4e*erages"

Art" &%" Less serious hysical in9uries"Art" &&" Slight hysical in9uries and

maltreaments"

Chater T:8EE ! 8ae

Art" &&-A" 8ae7 when and howcommitted"

Art" &&-B"0enalties"Art" &&-C"Effect of ardon"

TITLE NINE - Crimes Against 0ersonal Li4erty andSecurity

Chater ONE ! Crime AgainstLi4erty

Art" &(" idnaing and serious illegaldetention"

Art" &)" Slight illegal detention"

Art" &+" ;nlawful arrest"Art" (." idnaing and failure to return

a minor"


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religious worshi and theirdeendencies"Art" 1." 8o44ery in an uninha4ited lace

or in a ri*ate 4uilding"

Art" 1.1" 8o44ery of cereals7 fruits7 orfirewood in an uninha4ited lace or

ri*ate 4uilding"Art" 1.$" 0ossession of ic>loc> or similar

tools"Art" 1.%" False >eys"

Chater T3O ! Brigandage

Art" 1.&" 3ho are 4rigands"Art" 1.(" Aiding and a4etting a 4and of

4rigands"

Chater T:8EE ! Theft

Art" 1.)" 3ho are lia4le for theft"Art" 1.+" 0enalties"Art" 1#." 2ualified theft"Art" 1##" Theft of the roerty of the

National Li4rary and National'useum"

Chater FO;8 ! ;suration

Art" 1#" Occuation of real roerty orusuration of real rights in roerty"

Art" 1#1" Altering 4oundaries orlandmar>s"

Chater FI,E ! Cula4le Insol*ency

Art" 1#$" Fraudulent insol*ency"

Chater SI< ! Swindling and Other 5eceits

Art" 1#%" Swindling DEstafa"Art" 1#&" Other forms of swindling"Art" 1#(" Swindling a minor"Art" 1#)" Other deceits"

Chater SE,EN ! Chattel 'ortgage

Art" 1#+" 8emo*al7 sale of ledge ormortgaged roerty"

Chater EI?:T ! Arson and other CrimesIn*ol*ing 5estruction

Chater NINE ! 'alicious 'ischief

Art" 1(" 3ho are lia4le for maliciousmischief"

Art" 1)" Secial cases of maliciousmischief"

Art" 1+" Other mischiefs"


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Art" 11." 5amage ad o4struction to meansof communication"

Art" 11#" 5estroying or damaging statues7u4lic monuments or aintings"

Chater TEN ! E6emtion from CriminalLia4ilityIn Crimes Against 0roerty

Art" 11" 0ersons e6emt from criminallia4ility"

TITLE ELE,EN - Crimes Against Chastity

Chater ONE ! Adultery and Concu4inage

Art" 111" 3ho are guilty of adultery"Art" 11$" Concu4inage"

Chater T3O ! 8ae and Acts of Lasci*iousness

Art" 11%" 3hen and how rae iscommitted"

Chater T:8EE ! Seduction7Corrution of'inors7 and 3hite Sla*e Trade

Art" 11(" 2ualified seduction"Art" 11)" Simle seduction"

Art" 11+" Acts of Lasci*iousness with theconsent of the offender arty"

Art" 1$." Corrution of minors"Art" 1$#" 3hite sla*e trade"

Chater FO;8 ! A4duction

Art" 1$" Forci4le a4duction"Art" 1$1" Consented a4duction"

Chater FI,E ! 0ro*isions 8elati*e tothe0receding Chaters of Title Ele*en

Art" 1$$" 0rosecution of the crimes ofadultery7 concu4inage7 seduction7 a4duction7 rae andacts of lasci*iousness"

Art" 1$%" Ci*il lia4ility of ersons guiltycrimes against chastity"

Art" 1$&" Lia4ility of ascendants7guardians7 teachers7 or other ersons entrusted withthe custody of the offended arty"

TITLE T3EL,E - Crimes Against the Ci*il Statusof 0ersons

Chater ONE ! Simulations of Births and;suration of Ci*il Status

Art" 1$(" Simulations of 4irths7su4stitution of one child for another7 and concealmentor a4andonment of a legitimate child"


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Art" 1$)" usuration of ci*il status"

Chater T3O ! Illegal 'arriages

Art" 1$+" Bigamy"

Art" 1%." Illegal marriage"Art" 1%#" 0remature marriage"Art" 1%" 0erformance of illegal marriage

ceremony"

TITLE T:I8TEEN - Crimes Against :onor

Chater ONE ! Li4el

Art" 1%1" 5efinition of li4el"Art" 1%$" 8e=uirement for u4licity"Art" 1%%" Li4el 4y means of writings or

similar means"Art" 1%&" Threatening to u4lish and offer

to re*ent such u4lication for a comensation"Art" 1%(" 0rohi4ited u4lication of acts

referred to in the course of officialroceedings"

Art" 1%)" Slander"Art" 1%+" Slander 4y deed"

Art" 1&." 0ersons resonsi4le"Art" 1" 0roof of the truth"Art" 1&" Li4elous remar>s"

Chater T3O ! Incriminatory 'achinations

Art" 1&1" Incriminating innocent erson"Art" 1&$" Intriguing against honor"

TITLE FO;8TEEN - 2uasi Offenses

Sole C:A0TE8 ! Criminal Negligence

Art" 1&%" Imrudence and negligence"

A00EN5I< AG ! ?ra*e felonies7 less gra*efeloniesand light felonies

A00EN5I< BG ! Classification of 0enalties

A00EN5I< CG ! 5uration of 0enaltiesREVISED PENAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

BOOK TWOCRIMES AND PENALTTIES

TITLE ONECrimes Agi!s" N"i#!$ Se%&ri"'

! "e L* #+ N"i#!CHAPTER ONE

Crimes Agi!s" N"i#!$ Se%&ri"'

Ar", --., Tres#!,ElementsH

D# Offender is a Filiino citien or residentalien@


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D There is a war in which the 0hiliines isin*ol*ed@

D1 Offender either -Da le*ies was against the go*ernment orD4adheres to her enemies7 gi*ing them

aid or comfort"0enaltiesH

D# Reclusion perpetuato death and a fine notto e6ceed 0#..7... if the offender is a resident alien"

D Reclusion temporal to death and a fine notto e6ceed 0#..7... if the offender is a resident alien"

Ar", --/, C#!sir%' ! r##s$ "#%#mmi" "res#!,Elements of consiracy to commit treasonH

D# There is war in which the 0hiliinesisin*ol*ed@

D At least two D ersons come to anagreement to !

Da le*y war against the go*ernment orD4 adhere to the enemies7 gi*ing them aid

or comfort@D1 They decide to commit it"

0enaltyHPrision mayor and a fine not to e6ceed0#.7..."..Elements of roosal to commit treasonH

D# There is war in which the 0hiliines is

in*ol*ed@D At least one erson decides to !

Da le*y war against the go*ernment orD4 adhere to the enemies7 gi*ing them

aid or comfort@

D1 :e rooses its e6ecution to some otherersons"

0enaltyHPrisioncoreccional and a fine not to e6ceed0%7..."

Ar", --1, Misrisi#! #+ "res#!,

ElementsHD# Offender owes allegiance to the

?o*ernment7 and is not a foreigner@D :e has >nowledge of consiracy to commit

treason against the ?o*ernment@D1 :e conceals or does not disclose and ma>e

>nown the same as soon as ossi4le to the go*ernoror fiscal of the ro*ince7 or the mayor or fiscal of thecity in which he resides"0enaltyH 0unished as an accessory to the crime oftreason"

Ar", --7, Esi#!ge,Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# Entering without authority therefore, awarship, fort, or naval or military establishment orreservation to obtain any information, plans,

photographs, or other data of a confidential naturerelative to the defense of the Philippines.

Da Offender enters any of the lacedmentioned@

D4 :e has no authority therefore@Dc :is urose is to o4tain any

information7 lans7 hotograhs7 orother data of a confidential nature relati*e to

the defense of the 0hiliines"


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D Disclosing to the representative of a foreignnation the contents of the articles, data, orinformation referred to in paragraph 1 of Article 117,which he has in possession by reason of the publicoffice he holds

Da Offender is a u4lic officer@D4 :e has in his ossession the articles7 data7

or information referred to in aragrah # of Article##(7 4y reason of the u4lic office he holds@

Dc :e discloses their contents to areresentati*e of a foreign nation"0enaltyH0risioncorreccional " The enalty ne6t higherin degree shall 4e imosed if the offender is a u4licofficer or emloyee"

Ar", --, I!%i"i!g "# *r #r gi3i!g m#"i3es+#r reris$s,ElementsH

D# Offender erforms unlawful or unauthoriedacts@

D The acts ro*o>e or gi*e occasion for -Da a war in*ol*ing or lia4le to in*ol*e the

0hiliines@ orD4 e6osure of Filiino citiens to

rerisals on their ersons or roerty"0enaltiesH

D# Reclusion temporal if offender is a u4lic

officer or emloyee@D Prision mayor if offender is a ri*ate

indi*idual"Ar", --4, Vi#$"i#! #+ !e&"r$i"'"

ElementsH

D# There is a war in which the 0hiliines is notin*ol*ed@

D There is a regulation issued 4y a cometentauthority to enforce neutrality@

D1 Offender *iolates the regulations"

0enaltyH0rision correctional.Ar", -20, C#rres#!e!%e *i" #s"i$e

%#&!"r',ElementsH

D# It is in time of war in which the 0hiliines isin*ol*ed@

D Offender ma>es corresondence with anenemy country or territory occuied 4y enemy troos@

D1 The corresondence is either !Da rohi4ited 4y the ?o*ernment@D4 carried on in cihers or con*entional

signs@ orDc containing notice or information which

might 4e used to the enemy"0enaltiesH

D# Prision correctional if the corresondencehas 4een rohi4ited 4y the ?o*ernment@

!"# Prision mayor if the corresondence 4ecarried on in cihers or con*entional signs@ and

D1 The corresondence is either !Da rohi4ited 4y the ?o*ernment@

D4 carried on in cihers or con*entionalsigns@ or

Dc containing notice or information whichmight 4e used to the enemy"0enaltiesH


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D# 0rision correctional if the corresondencehas 4een rohi4ited 4y the ?o*ernment@

D Prisionmayor if the corresondence 4ecarried on in cihers or con*entional signs@ and

D1 Reclusion temporal if notice or information

4e gi*en there4y which might 4e useful to the enemy"If the offender intended to aid the enemy 4y gi*ingsuch notice or information7 he shall suffer the enaltyfrom reclusion temporal to death"

Ar", -2-, F$ig" "# e!em'5s %#&!"r',ElementsH

D# There is war in which the 0hiliines inin*ol*ed@

DOffender must 4e owing allegiance to the?o*ernment@

D1 Offender attemts to flee or got to an enemycountry@

D$ ?oing to the enemy country is rohi4ited 4ycometent authority"

0enaltyHArresto mayor"Ar", -22, Pir%' i! ge!er$ ! m&"i!' #!

"e ig ses #r i! Pi$ii!e *"ers,Elements of iracyH

D# The *essel is on high seas or 0hiliinewaters@

D Offenders are neither mem4ers of its

comlement nor assengers of the *essels@D1 Offender wither !

Daattac> or seie a *essel on the highseas or in 0hiliine waters@

D4seie in the *essel while on the highseas or in 0hiliine waters the wholeor

art of the cargo of said *essel7 its e=uiment7or ersonal 4elongings of its comlement or

assengers"D$ There is intent to gain"

0enaltyH Reclusion perpetua.Elements of mutinyH

D# The *essel is on high seas or 0hiliinewaters@

D Offenders are mem4er of its comlement orassengers of the *essel@

D1 Offenders either !Daattac> or seie a *essel while on the

high seas or in 0hiliine waters@D4seie in the *essel while on the high

seas or in 0hiliine waters the wholeor

art of the cargo of said *essel7 its e=uiment7or ersonal 4elongings of its comlement orassengers"0enaltyH Reclusion perpetua.

Ar", -26, &$i+ie ir%',D# The *essel is on high seas or 0hiliine

waters@

D Offenders may or may not 4e mem4ers of itscomlement7 or assengers of the *essel@

D1 Offenders either !Da attac> or seie a *essel@ or


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D4 seie the whole or art of the cargo7 itse=uiment7 or in ersonal 4elongings of thecrew or assengers"D$ The receding were committed under any of

the following circumstancesH

Da whene*er they ha*e seied a *essel4y 4oarding or firing uon the same@

D4 whene*er the irates ha*e a4andonedtheir *ictims without means of sa*ingthemsel*es@ or

Dc whene*er the crime is accomanied4y murder7 homicide7 hysical in9uries7 or rae"

0enaltyHReclusion perpetuato death"

TITLE TWOCrimes Agi!s" "e F&!me!"$ L*s #+ "e

S""e

CHAPTER ONEAr8i"rr' De"e!"i#! #r E9&$si#!: Vi#$"i#! #+

D*e$$i!g:Pr#i8i"i#!: I!"err&"i#!: ! Diss#$&"i#! #+

Pe%e+&$Mee"i!gs ! Crimes Agi!s" Re$igi#&s W#rsi

Ar", -2., Ar8i"rr' e"e!"i#!,

ElementsHD# Offender is a u4lic officer or emloyee@D Offender detains a erson@D1 The detention is without legal grounds"

0enaltiesH

D# Arresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod toprisioncoreccionalin its minimum eriod7 if thedetention has not e6ceeded three D1 days@

D Prisioncorreccionalin its medium andma6imum eriods7 if the detention has continued for

more than three D1 4ut not more than fifteen D#%days@

D1 Prision mayor, if the detention hascontinued for more than fifteen D#% days 4ut morethan si6 D& months@ and

D$ Reclusion temporal7 if the detention shallha*e e6ceeded si6 D& months"

Ar", -2/, De$' i! "e e$i3er' #+ e"i!eers#!s "# "e r#er ;&i%i$ &"#ri"ies,ElementsH

D# offender is a u4lic officer or emloyee@D :e detains a erson for some legal ground@D1 :e fails to deli*er such erson to the roer

9udicial authorities within the eriod of !Da twel*e D# hours7 for crimes or

offenses unisha4le 4y light enalties7 or theire=ui*alent@

D4 eighteen D#) hours7 for crimes oroffenses unisha4le 4y correctional enalties7 ortheir e=ui*alent@ and

Dc thirty-si6 D1& hours7 for crimes or

offense unisha4le 4y afflicti*e or caitalenalties7 or their e=ui*alent"

0enaltiesHD# Arresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod to

prisioncoreccionalin its minimum eriod7 if thedetention has not e6ceeded three D1 days@


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D Prisioncorreccional in its medium andma6imum eriods7 if the detention has continued formore than three D1 4ut not more than fifteen D#%days@

D1 Prision mayor, if the detention has

continued for more than fifteen D#% days 4ut morethan si6 D& months@ and

D$ Reclusion temporal7 if the detention shallha*e e6ceeded si6 D& months"

Ar", -21, De$'i!g re$ese,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer or emloyee@D There is a 9udicial or e6ecuti*e order for the

release of a risoner or detention risoner7 or thatthere is a roceeding uon a etition for the li4erationof such erson@

D1 Offender without good reason delays !Da the erformance of any 9udicial or

e6ecuti*e order for the release of a risoner ordetention risoner7 or

D4 the ser*ice of the notice of such orderto said risoner or

Dc the roceedings uon any etition forthe li4eration of such erson"

0enaltyHD# Arresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod to

prisioncoreccionalin its minimum eriod7 if the delayhas not e6ceeded three D1 days@

D Prisioncorreccional in its medium andma6imum eriods7 if the detention has continued formore than three D1 4ut not more than fifteen D#%days@

D1 Prision mayor,if the delay has continued formore than fifteen D#% days 4ut more than si6 D&months@ and

D$ Reclusion temporal7 if the delay shall ha*ee6ceeded si6 D& months"

Ar", -27, E9&$si#!,ElementsH

D#The offender is a u4lic officer or emloyeeD:e either !

Dae6els any erson from the 0hiliine@or

D4comels such erson to change hisresidence@

D1Offender is not authoried to do so under law"0enaltyH0risioncorreccional.

Ar", -2, Vi#$"i#! #+ #mi%i$e,Acts unishedH

D# Entering any dwelling against the will of theowner thereof@

D Searching aers or other effects foundtherein without the re*ious consent of such owner@ or

D1 8efusing to lea*e the remises7 after ha*ingsurretitiously entered said dwelling7 and after ha*ing4een re=uired to lea*e the same"

Common elementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer or emloyee@D :e is not authoried 4y 9udicial order to enter

the dwelling or to ma>e a search therein for aers orother effects"0enaltiesH


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D# Prisioncorreccionalin its minimum eriod7 ingeneral"

!"# Prisioncorreccional in its medium andma6imum eriods7 if the offense 4e committed in thenighttime7 or in any aers or effects not constituting

e*idence of a crime 4e not returned immediately afterthe search made 4y the offender"

Ar", -24, Ser% *rr!"s m$i%i#&s$'#8"i!e: ! 8&se i! "e ser3i%e #+ "#se$eg$$' #8"i!e,Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# Procuring a search warrant without $ustcause.

Da Offender is a u4lic officer oremloyee@

D4 :e rocures a search warrant@Dc There is no 9ust cause"

D E6ceeding authority or using unnecessaryse*erity in e6ecuting a search warrant legallyrocured"

Da Offender is a u4lic officer oremloyee"

D4 :e has legally rocured a searchwarrant@

Dc :e e6ceeds his authority or usesunnecessary se*erity in e6ecuting the same"

0enaltyH In addition to the lia4ility attaching to theoffender for the commission of any other offense7 theenalty of arresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod to

prision correctionalin its minimum eriod and a finenot e6ceeding 0#7..."

Ar", -60, Ser%i!g #mi%i$e *i"#&"*i"!esses,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer or emloyee@D:e is armed with a search warrant legally

rocured"D1:e searches the domicile7 aers or other

4elongings of any erson@D$ The owner7 or any mem4er of his family7 or

two witnesses residing in the same locality are notresent"0enaltyHArresto mayor in its medium and ma6imumeriods"

Ar", -6-, Pr#i8i"i#!: i!"err&"i#!: !iss#$&"i#! #+ e%e+&$ mee"i!gs,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer or emloyee@D :e erforms any of the following actsH

Da rohi4iting or interruting7 withoutlegal ground7 the holding of a eaceful meeting7or 4y dissol*ing the same@

D4 hindering any erson from 9oining anylawful association or from attending any of itsmeeting@ or

Dc rohi4iting or hindering any ersonfrom addressing7 either alone or together with

others7 any etition to the authorities for thecorrection of a4uses or redress of grie*ances"

0enaltyHPrisioncoreccionalin its minimum eriod"Ar", -62, I!"err&"i#! #+ re$igi#&s *#rsi,

ElementsHD# Offender is a u4lic officer or emloyee@


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D 8eligious ceremonies or manifestations ofany religion are a4out to ta>e lace or are going on@

D1 Offender re*ent or distur4s the same"0enaltiesH

D# Prisioncorreccionalin its minimum eriod7 in

general@DPrisioncorreccional in its medium and

ma6imum eriods7 if the crime shall ha*e 4eencommitted with *iolence or threats"

Ar", -66, O++e!i!g "e re$igi#&s +ee$i!gs,Elements@

D# Acts comlained of were erformed in alace de*oted to religious worshi7 or during thecele4ration of any religious ceremony@

D The acts must 4e notoriously offensi*e tothe feelings of the faithful"0enaltyHArrestomayor in its ma6imum eriod to

prisioncorreccionalin its minimum eriod"

TITLE THREECrimes Agi!s" P&8$i% Orer

CHAPTER ONERe8e$$i#!: Coup detat,Sei"i#!: ! Dis$#'$"'

Ar", -6., Re8e$$i#! #r i!s&rre%"i#!,ElementsH

D#There is a u4lic urising and ta>ing armsagainst the ?o*ernment@

DThe urose of the urising or mo*ement is !

Da to remo*e from the allegation to said?o*ernment or its laws7 the territory of the8eu4lic of the 0hiliines or any art thereof7of any 4ody of land7 na*al or other armedforces7 or

D4 to deri*e the Chief E6ecuti*e or theLegislature7 wholly or artially7 of any of theirowers or rerogati*es"Ar", -6.accomanied 4y *iolence7 intimidation7 threat7strategy or stealth@

D1 The attac> is directed against the dulyconstituted authorities of the 8eu4lic of the0hiliines7 or any military cam or installation7communication networ>s7 u4lic utilities or otherfacilities needed for the e6ercise and continuedossession of ower@

D$ The urose of the attac> is to seie ordiminish state ower"

Ar", -6/, Pe!$"' +#r re8e$$i#!:i!s&rre%"i#! #r coup detat.

0ersons lia4le and corresonding enaltiesHD# Any erson who romotes7 maintains orheads a re4ellion or insurrection shall suffer theenalty of reclusion perpetua"

D Any erson merely articiating ore6ecuting the commands of others in a re4ellion or


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D1 The inciting is done 4y means of seeches7roclamations7 writings7 em4lems7 4anners or otherreresentations tending to the same end"0enaltyHPrision mayorin its minimum eriod"

Ar", -64, Sei"i#!,

ElementsHD# Offenders rise u4licly and tumultuously@D Offenders emloy force7 intimidation7 or 4y

other means outside of legal methods@D1 0urose is to attain any of the following

o49ects@Da to re*ent the romulgation or

e6ecution of any law or the holding of anyoular election@

D4 to re*ent the national ?o*ernment7or any ro*incial or municial go*ernment7 or

any u4lic officer thereof from freely e6ercisingits or his functions7 or re*ent the e6ecution ofany administrati*e order@

Dc to inflict any act of hate or re*engeuon the erson or roerty of any u4lic officeror emloyee@

Dd to commit7 for any olitical or socialend7 any act of hate or re*enge against ri*ateersons or any social class@ and

De to desoil7 for any olitical or social

end7 any erson7 municiality or ro*ince7 or theNational ?o*ernment of all its roerty or any artthereof"

Ar", -.0, Pe!$"' +#r sei"i#!,0enaltiesH

D# The leader of a sedition shall suffer theenalty of prision mayorin its minimum eriod and afine not e6ceeding 0#.7...@

D Other ersons articiating therein shallsuffer the enalty of prisioncorreccional in its

ma6imum eriod and a fine not e6ceeding 0%7..."Ar", -.-, C#!sir%' "# %#mmi" sei"i#!,6

ElementsHD# Two D or more ersons come to an

agreement and a decision to rise u4licly andtumultuously to attain any of the o49ects of sedition@

D They decide to commit it"0enaltyH0risioncorreccional in its medium eriod and afine not to e6ceed 07..."

Ar", -.2, I!%i"i!g "# sei"i#!,Acts unishedH

D# Inciting others to the accomlishment of anyof the acts which constitute sedition7 4y means ofseeches7 roclamations7 writings7 em4lems7cartoons7 4anners7 or other reresentations tending tothe same end@

D ;ttering seditious words or seeches whichtend to distur4 the u4lic eace@

D1 3riting7 u4lishing7 or circulating scurrilousli4els against the ?o*ernment7 or any of the dulyconstituted authorities thereof7 or which tend to

distur4 or o4struct any lawful officer in e6ecuting thefunctions of his office7 or which tend to instigateothers to ca4al and meet together for unlawfuluroses7 or which suggest or incite re4ellious

3There is no roosal to commit sedition"


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consiracies or riots7 or which lead or tend to stir uthe eole against the lawful authorities or to distur4the eace of the community7 the safety and order ofthe ?o*ernment7 or who shall >nowingly conceal suche*il ractices"

ElementsHD# Offender does not ta>e direct art in the

crime of sedition@D :e incites others to the accomlishment of

any of the acts which constitute sedition@D1 Inciting is done 4y means of seeches7

roclamations7 writings7 em4lems7 cartoons7 4anners7or other reresentations"0enaltyHPrisioncorreccional in its ma6imum eriod anda fine not to e6ceed 07..."

CHAPTER TWOCrimes Agi!s" P#&$r Rerese!""i#!

Ar", -.6, A%"s "e!i!g "# re3e!" "emee"i!g #+ "e Assem8$' ! simi$r 8#ies,ElementsH

D# There is a ro9ected or actual meeting ofCongress or any of its committees or su4committees7constitutional committees or di*isions thereof7 or ofany ro*incial 4oard or city or municial council or

4oard@D Offender7 who may 4e any erson7 re*entssuch meetings 4y force or fraud"0enaltyHPrisioncorreccional or a fine ranging from0.. to 07...7 or 4oth"

Ar", -.., Dis"&r8!%e #+ r#%eei!gs,

ElementsHD# There is a meeting of Congress of the

0hiliines or of any of its committees orsu4committees7 constitutional commissions orcommittees or di*isions thereof7 or of any ro*incial

4oard or city or municial council or 4oard7 or@D Offender does any of the following actsH

Da he distur4s such meetings@ orD4 he 4eha*es while in the resence of

any such 4odies in such manner as to interrutits roceedings or to imair the resect due it"

0enaltyHArresto mayoror a fine from 0.. to 0#7..."Ar", -./, Vi#$"i#! #+ r$ime!"r'

imm&!i"',Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# 'sing force, intimidation, threats, or fraud

to prevent any member of &ongress from attendingthe meeting of &ongress, or of any of its committeesor subcommittees, constitutional commissions orcommittees or divisions thereof, from e(pressing hisopinions or casting his vote.

Da Offender uses force7 intimidation7threats7 or fraud@

D4 The urose of the offender is tore*ent any mem4er of Congress fromH

Di attending the meeting of any of

its committees or constitutionalcommissions7 etc@Dii e6ressing his oinion@ orDiii casting his *ote"

D Arresting or searching any member of&ongress while it is in regular or special session,


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e(cept in case such member has committed a crimepunishable under the Revised penal &ode by a penaltyhigher than prision mayor.

Da Offender is a u4lic officer oremloyee@

D4 :e arrests or searches any mem4er ofCongress@

Dc Congress7 at the time of arrest orsearch7 is in regular or secial session@

Dd The mem4er arrested or searched hasnot committed a crime unisha4le under theCode 4y a enalty higher thanprision mayor.

0enaltiesHD# Prision mayor if force7 intimidation7 threats

or fraud is used to re*ent a mem4er of Congressfrom attending the meetings of Congress or any of its

committees or su4committees7 constitutionalcommissions or committees or di*isions thereof7 frome6ressing his oinion or casting his *ote@

D 0risioncorreccional if a mem4er of Congressis arrested or searched while Congress is in regular ofor secial session"

CHAPTER THREEI$$eg$ Assem8$ies ! Ass#%i"i#!s

Ar", -.1, I$$eg$ ssem8$ies,Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsHD# Any meeting attended by armed persons for

the purpose of committing any of crimes punishableunder this &ode.

Da There is a meeting7 a gathering orgrou of ersons7 whether in fi6ed lace ormo*ing@

D4 The meeting is attended 4y armedersons@

Dc The urose of the meeting is tocommit any of the crimes unisha4le under the8e*ised 0enal Code"D Any meeting in which the audience,

whether armed or not, is incited to the commission ofthe crime of treason, rebellionor insurrection, seditionor assault upon a person in authority or his agents.

Da There is a meeting7 a gathering orgrou of ersons7 whether in fi6ed lace ormo*ing@

D4 The audience7 whether armed or not7

is incited to the commission of the crime of treason7re4ellion7 or insurrection7 sedition7 or direct assault"0enaltiesH

D# For organiers or leadersHprisioncorreccionalin its ma6imum eriod to prisionmayorin its medium eriod@

D For ersons merely resent at suchmeetingH arrestomayro7 unless they are armed7 inwhich case the enalty shall 4eprisioncorreccional.

Ar", -.7, I$$eg$ ss#%i"i#!s,

Illegal associationsHD# Associations totally or artially organied forthe urose of committing any of the crimesunisha4le under the 8e*ised 0enal Code@

D Associations totally or artially organied forsome urose contrary to u4lic morals"


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0ersons lia4leHD# Founder7 directors and resident of the

association@D 'ere mem4ers of the association"

0enaltiesH

D# For founders7 directors7 and residents ofassociationsH prisioncorreccionalin its minimum andmedium eriods and a fine not to e6ceed 0#7...@

D For mere mem4ers of said associationsHarresto mayor.

CHAPTER FO=RAss&$" =#!: ! Resis"!%e ! Dis#8eie!%e

"#:

Pers#!s i! A&"#ri"' ! Teir Age!"s

Ar", -., Dire%" ss&$"s,Act unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# 3ithout a public uprising, by employingforce or intimidation for the attainment of any of the

purpose enumerated in defining the crimes ofrebellion and sedition.

Da Offender emloys force orintimidation@

D4 The aim of the offender is to attainany of the uroses of the crime of re4ellion orany of the o49ects of the crime of sedition@

Dc There is no u4lic urising"D )ithout a public uprising, by attac*ing by

employing force , or by seriously intimidating or

resisting any person in authority or any of his agents,while engaged in the performance of official duties, oron occasion of such performance.

Da Offender ma>es an attac>7 emloysforce7 ma>es a serious intimidation7 or ma>es a

serious resistance@D4 The erson assaulted is a erson in

authority or his agent@Dc At the time of the assault7 the erson

in authority or his agent is engaged in the actualerformance of official duties7 or that he isassaulted 4y reason of the ast erformance ofofficial duties@

Dd Offender >nows that the one he isassaulting is a erson in authority or his agent inthe e6ercise of his duties@

De There is no u4lic urising"0enaltiesH

D# Prisioncorreccional in its medium andma6imum eriods and a fine not to e6ceed 0#7....7when the assault is committed with a weaon or whenthe offender is a u4lic officer or emloyee7 or whenthe offender lays hands uon a erson in authority@

D If none of these circumstances 4e resent7the enalty or prisioncorreccional in its minimumeriod and a fine not to e6ceed 0%.."

Ar", -.4, I!ire%" ss&$"s,ElementsHD# A erson in authority or his agent is the

*ictim of any of the forms of direct assault defined inArticle #$)@


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D A erson comes to the aid of such authorityor his agent@

D1 Offender ma>es use of force or intimidationuon such erson coming to the aid of the authority orhis agent"

0enaltyHPrisioncorreccional in its minimum andmedium eriods and a fine not to e6ceed 0%.."

Ar", -/0, Dis#8eie!%e "# s&mm#!s iss&e8' "e N"i#!$ Assem8$': i"s %#mmi""ees #rs&8%#mmi""ees: 8' "e C#!s"i"&"i#!$C#mmissi#!s: i"s %#mmi""ees: s&8%#mmi""ees #ri3isi#!s,Acts unishedH

D# By refusing7 without legal e6cuse7 to o4eysummons of Congress7 its secial or standingcommittees and su4committees7 the Constitutional

Commissions and its committees7 su4committees ordi*isions7 or 4y any commission or committeechairman or mem4er authoried to summonwitnesses@

D By refusing to 4e sworn or laced underaffirmation while 4eing 4efore such legislati*e orconstitutional 4ody or official@

D1 By refusing to answer any legal in=uiry or toroduce any 4oo>s7 aers7 documents7 or records inhis ossession7 when re=uired 4y them to do so in the

e6ercise of their functions@D$ By restraining another from attending as awitness in such legislati*e or constitutional 4ody@

D% By inducing diso4edience to a summons orrefusal to 4e sworn 4y any such 4ody or official"

0enaltyHArrestomayor or a fine ranging from 0.. to0#7...7 or 4oth"

Ar", -/-, Resis"!%e ! is#8eie!%e "# ers#! i! &"#ri"' #r "e ge!"s #+ s&%ers#!,

Elements of resistance and serious diso4edienceHD# A erson in authority or his agent is

engaged in the erformance of official duty or gi*es alawful order to the offender@

D Offender resists or seriously diso4eys sucherson in authority or his agent@

D1 The act of the offender is not included in thero*isions of Articles #$)7#$+ and #%."0enaltyHArresto mayorand a fine not e6ceeding 0%.."Elements of simle diso4edienceH

D# An agent of a erson in authority is engaged

in the erformance of official duty or gi*es a lawfulorder to the offender@

D Offender diso4eys such agent of a erson inauthority@

D1 Such diso4edience is not of a serious nature"0enaltyHArrestomenoror a fine ranging from 0#. to0#.."

Ar", -/2, Pers#!s i! &"#ri"' ! ge!"s#+ ers#!s i! &"#ri"',

D# A erson in authority is one directly *ested

with 9urisdiction7 that is7 the ower and authority togo*ern and e6ecute the laws"D An agent of a erson in authority is one

charged with D# the maintenance of u4lic order andD the rotection and security of life and roerty"E6amles of ersons in authorityH


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D# 'unicial mayor@D 5i*ision suerintendent of schools@D1 0u4lic and ri*ate school teachers@D$ Teacher-nurse@D% 0resident of sanitary di*ision@

D& 0ro*incial fiscal@D( ustice of the 0eace@D) 'unicial councilor@D+ Barrio catain and 4arangay chairman"

CHAPTER FIVEP&8$i% Dis#rers

Ar", -/6, T&m&$"s ! #"er is"&r8!%es#+ &8$i% #rers,Acts unishedH

D# Causing any serious distur4ance in a u4liclace7 office or esta4lishment@

D Interruting or distur4ing erformances7functions or gathering7 or eaceful meetings7 if the actis not included in Articles #1# and #1@

D1 'a>ing any outcry tending to incite re4ellionor sedition in any meeting7 association or u4lic lace@

D$ 5islaying lacards or em4lems whichro*o>e a distur4ance of u4lic order in such lace@

D% Burying with om the 4ody of a erson

who has 4een legally e6ecuted"0enaltiesHD# Arresto mayor in its medium eriod to

prisioncorreccional in its minimum eriod and a finenot to e6ceed 0#7..."..@

D The enalty ne6t higher in degree shall 4eimosed uon erson causing any distur4ance orinterrution of a tumultuous character" Thedistur4ance or interrution shall 4e deemed to 4etumultuous if caused 4y more than three D1 ersons

who are armed or ro*ided with means of *iolence"@D1 The enalty of arrestomayor shall 4e

imosed uon any erson who in any meeting7association7 or u4lic lace7 shall ma>e any outcrytending to incite re4ellion or sedition or in such laceshall dislay lacards or em4lems which ro*o>e adistur4ance of the u4lic order"

D$ The enalty of arrestomenorand a fine notto e6ceed 0.. shall 4e imosed uon those ersonswho in *iolation of the ro*isions contained in the lastclause of Articles )%7 shall 4ury with om the 4ody of

a erson who has 4een legally e6ecuted"Ar", -/., =!$*+&$ &se #+ me!s #+

&8$i%"i#! ! &!$*+&$ &""er!%es,Acts unishedH

D# 0u4lishing or causing to 4e u4lished7 4ymeans of rinting7 lithograhy or any other means ofu4lication7 as news any false news which mayendanger the u4lic order7 or cause damage to theinterest or credit of the State@

D Encouraging diso4edience to the law or to

constituted authorities or raising7 9ustifying ore6tolling any act unished 4y law7 4y the same meansor 4y words7 utterances or seeches@

D1 'aliciously u4lishing or causing to 4eu4lished any official resolution or document without


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roer authority7 or 4efore they ha*e 4een u4lishedofficially@

D$ 0rinting7 u4lishing or distri4uting Dorcausing the same 4oo>s7 amhlets7 eriodicals7 orleaflets which do not 4ear the real rinter/s name7 or

which are classified as anonymous"0enaltyHArresto mayor and a fine ranging from 0.. to0#7..."

Ar", -//, A$rms ! S%!$s,Acts unishedH

D# 5ischarging any firearm7 roc>et7firecrac>ers7 or other e6losi*e within any town oru4lic lace7 calculated to cause Dwhich roducesalarm of danger@

D Instigating or ta>ing an acti*e art in anycharivari or other disorderly meeting offensi*e to

another or re9udicial to u4lic tran=uility@D1 5istur4ing the u4lic eace while wandering

a4out at night or while engaged in any other nocturnalamusements@

D$ Causing any distur4ance or scandal in u4liclaces while into6icated or otherwise7 ro*ided Article#%1 in not alica4le"0enaltyH Arrest menoror in a fine not to e6ceed 0.."

Ar", -/1, De$i3eri!g ris#!ers +r#m ;i$,ElementsH

D# There is a erson confined in a 9ail or enalesta4lishment@D Offender remo*es therefrom such erson7 or

hels the escae of such erson"0enaltiesH

D# Arresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod toprisioncorreccionalin its minimum eriod if *iolence7intimidation7 or 4ri4ery is used"

D If other means are used7 the enalty ofarresto mayorshall 4e imosed"

D1 If the escae of the risoner shall ta>e laceoutside of said esta4lishment 4y ta>ing the guards 4ysurrise7 the same enalties shall 4e imosed in theirminimum eriod"

CHAPTER SI>E3si#! #+ Ser3i%e #+ Se!"e!%e

Ar", -/7, E3si#! #+ ser3i%e #+ se!"e!%e,ElementsH

D# Offender is a con*ict 4y final 9udgment@

D :e is ser*ing sentence which consists in thederi*ation of li4erty@

D1 :e e*ades ser*ice of his sentence 4yescaing during the term of his sentence"0enaltiesH

D# Prisioncorreccional in its medium andma6imum eriods7 in general"

D Prisioncorreccional in its ma6imum eriod ifsuch e*asion or escae shall ha*e ta>en lace mymeans of unlawful entry7 4y 4rea>ing doors7 windows7

gates7 walls7 roofs7 or floors7 or 4y using ic>loc>s7false >eys7 disguise7 deceit7 *iolence or intimidation7or through conni*ance with other con*icts oremloyees of the enal institution"


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Ar", -1/, Se$$i!g #+ +$se #r m&"i$"e %#i!:*i"#&" %#!!i3!%e,Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# Possession of coin, counterfeited ormutilated by another person, with intent to utter the

same, *nowing that it is false or mutilated.Da 0ossession@D4 3ith intent to the utter@ andDc nowledge"

D Actually uttering such false or mutilatedcoin, *nowing the same to be false or mutilated.

Da Actually uttering@ andD4 nowledge"

0enaltyH The enalty lower 4y one degree than thatrescri4ed in said articles"

Ar", -11, F#rgi!g "res&r' #r 8!@ !#"es

#r #"er #%&me!"s '8$e "# 8ererim#r"i!g ! &""eri!g s&% +$se #r +#rge!#"es ! #%&me!"s,Acts unishedH

D# Forging or falsification of treasury or 4an>notes or other documents aya4le to 4earer@

D Imortation of such false or forgedo4ligations or notes@

D1 ;ttering of such false or forge o4ligations ornotes in conni*ance with the forgers or imorters"

0enaltiesHD# Reclusion temporal in its minimum eriodand a fine not to e6ceed 0#.7...7 if the documentwhich has 4een falsified7 counterfeited7 or altered isan o4ligation or security of the D;nited States of the0hiliinesIslands"

D Prision mayorin its ma6imum eriod and afine not to e6ceed 07...7 when the forged or altereddocuments is a circulating note issued 4y any 4an>ingassociation duly authoried 4y law to issue the same"

D1 Prision mayorin its medium eriod and a

fine not to e6ceed 0%7...7 if the falsified orcounterfeited document was issued 4y a foreigngo*ernment"

D$ Prisionmayor in its minimum eriod and afine not to e6ceed 07...7 when the forged or altereddocument is a circulating note or 4ill issued 4y aforeign 4an> duly authoried therefor"

Ar", -17, C#&!"er+ei"i!g: im#r"i!g: !&""eri!g i!s"r&me!"s !#" '8$e "# 8erer,ElementsH

D# There is an instrument aya4le to order or

other document of credit not aya4le to 4earer@D Offender either forged7 imorted or uttered

such instrument@D1 In case of uttering7 he conni*ed with the

forger or imorter"0enaltyHPrisioncorreccional in its medium andma6imum eriods and a fine not to e6ceed 0&7..."

Ar", -1, I$$eg$ #ssessi#! ! &se #++$se "res&r' #r 8!@ !#"es ! #"eri!s"r&me!"s #+ %rei",

ElementsHD# Any treasury or 4an> note or certificate orother o4ligation and security aya4le to 4earer7 or anyinstrument aya4le to order or other document ofcredit not aya4le to 4earer is forged or falsified 4yanother erson@


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D Offender >nows that any of thoseinstruments is forged or falsified@

D1 :e either !Da uses any of such forged or falsified

instruments@ or

D4 ossesses with intent to use any ofsuch forged or falsified instruments"0enaltyH 0enalty ne6t lower in degree than thatrescri4ed in said articles"

Ar", -14, H#* +#rger' is %#mmi""e,D# By gi*ing to a treasury or 4an> note or any

instrument aya4le to 4earer or to order mentionedtherein7 the aearance of a true and genuinedocument"

D By erasing7 su4stituting7 counterfeiting7 oraltering 4y any means the figures7 letters7 words7 or

sign contained therein"Ar", -70, F$si+i%"i#! #+ $egis$"i3e

#%&me!"s,ElementsH

D# There is a 4ill7 resolution or ordinanceenacted or aro*ed or ending aro*al 4y either:ouse of the Legislature or any ro*incial 4oard ormunicial council@

D Offender alters the same@D1 :e has no roer authority therefore@

D$ The alteration has changed the meaning ofthe document"0enaltyH Prisioncorreccional in its ma6imum eriodand a fine not to e6ceed 0&7..."

Ar", -7-, F$si+i%"i#! 8' &8$i% #++i%er:em$#'ee #r !#"r' #r e%%$esis"i%$ mi!is"er,

ElementsHD# Offender is a u4lic officer7 emloyee7 or

notary u4lic/D :e ta>es ad*antage of his official osition@D1 :e falsifies a document 4y committing any

of the following actsHDa counterfeiting or imitating anyhandwriting7 signature or ru4ric@

D4 causing it to aear that ersons ha*earticiated in any act or roceeding when theydid not in fact so articiate@

Dc attri4uting to ersons who ha*earticiated in an act or roceeding statementsother than those in fact made 4y them@

Dd ma>ing untruthful statements in anarration of facts@

De altering true dates@Df ma>ing any alterations or intercalation

in a genuine document which changes itsmeaning@

Dg issuing in an authenticated form adocument urorting to 4e a coy of an originaldocument when no such original e6ists7 orincluding in such a coy a statement contraryto7 or different from7 that of the genuineoriginal@ or

Dh intercalating any instrument or noterelati*e to the issuance thereof in a rotocol7registry7 or official 4oo>"D$ In case the offender is an ecclesiastical

minister who shall commit any of the offenseenumerated7 with resect to any record or document


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of such character that its falsification may affect theci*il status of ersons"0enaltyHPrision mayorand a fine not to e6ceed 0%7..."

Ar", -72, F$si+i%"i#! 8' ri3"e i!i3i&$! &se #+ +$si+ie #%&me!"s,

Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsHD# +alsification of public, official or commercialdocument by a private individual"

Da Offender is a ri*ate indi*idual oru4lic officer or emloyee who did not ta>ead*antage of his official osition@

D4 :e committed any act of falsification@Dc The falsification was committed in a

u4lic7 official7 or commercial document or letteror e6change"D +alsification of private document by any

person.Da Offender committed any of the acts of

falsification e6cet Article #(#D(7 that is7 issuingin an authenticated form a document urortingto 4e a coy of an original document when nosuch original e6ists7 or including in such a coya statement contrary to7 or different from7 thatof the genuine original@

D4 Falsification was committed in anyri*ate document@

Dc Falsification causes damage to a thirdarty or at least the falsification was committedwith intent to cause such damage"D1 'se of falsified document.In introducing in a 9udicial roceeding !

Da Offender >new that the document wasfalsified 4y another erson@

D4 The false document is em4raced inArticles #(# or #( D# or @

Dc :e introduced said document in

e*idence in any 9udicial roceeding"In use in any other transaction !Da Offender >new that a document was

falsified 4y another erson@D4 The false document is em4raced in

Articles #(# or #( D# or @Dc :e used such document Dnot in 9udicial

roceedings@Dd The use caused damage to another or

at least used with intent to cause damage"0enaltyH0risioncorreccional in its medium and

ma6imum eriods and a fine of not more than 0%7..."Ar", -76, F$si+i%"i#! #+ *ire$ess: %8$e:

"e$egr ! "e$e#!e messges: ! &se #+si +$si+ie messges,Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# 'ttering fictitious wireless, telegraph, ortelephone message andor falsifying wireless,telegraph or telephone messages.

Da Offender is an officer or emloyee ofthe go*ernment or an officer or emloyee of a

ri*ate cororation7 engaged in the ser*ice ofsending or recei*ing wireless7 ca4le7 ortelehone message@

D4 :e commits any of the following acts@Di utters fictitious wireless7 ca4le7

telegrah7 or telehone message@


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Dii falsifies wireless7 ca4le7telegrah or telehone message"

D 'sing such falsified messages.Da Offender >new that wireless7 ca4le7

telegrah7 or telehone message was falsified

4y an officer or emloyee of the go*ernment oran officer or emloyee of a ri*ate cororation7engaged in the ser*ice of sending or recei*ingwireless7 ca4le7 or telehone message@

D4 :e used such falsified disatch@Dc The use resulted in the re9udice of a

third arty or at least there was intent to causesuch re9udice"

0enaltiesHD# Prisioncorreccional in its medium and

ma6imum eriods@

D Any erson who shall use such falsifieddisatch shall suffer the enalty ne6t lower in degree"

Ar", -7., F$se mei%$ %er"i+i%"es: +$se%er"i+i%"es #+ meri"s #r ser3i%e: e"%,0erson lia4leH

D# 0hysician or surgeon who7 in connectionwith the ractice of his rofession7 issue a falsecertificate Dit must refer to the illness of in9ury of aerson -/0E 0he crime is +alse edical &ertificateby a physician23

D 0u4lic officer who issues a false certificateof merit of ser*ice7 good conduct or similarcircumstances -/0E 0he crime is +alse edical&ertificate of erit or sERvice by a public officer23

D1 0ri*ate erson who falsifies a certificatefalling within the classes mentioned in the two

receding su4di*isions -/0E 0he crime is +alseedical &ertificate or +alse &ERtificate of erit or4ervice by a private individual2.0enaltyHArresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod to

prisioncorreccional in its minimum eriod and a fine

not to e6ceed 0#7..."Ar", -7/, =si!g +$se %er"i+i%"es,ElementsH

D# The following issues a false certificateHDa 0hysician or surgeon7 in connection

with the ractice of his rofession7 issues a falsemedical certificate@

D4 0u4lic officer issues a false certificateof merit of ser*ice7 good conduct or similarcircumstances@

Dc 0ri*ate erson falsifies a certificate

falling within the classes mentioned in the twoD receding su4di*isions"D Offender >nows that the certificate was

false@D1 :e uses the same"

0enaltyHArrestomenor.Ar", -71, M!&+%"&ri!g ! #ssessi#! #+

i!s"r&me!"s #r im$eme!"s +#r +$si+i%"i#!,Acts unishedH

D# 'a>ing or introducing into the 0hiliines

any stams7 dies7 mar>s7 or other instruments orimlements for counterfeiting or falsification@D 0ossessing with intent to use the

instruments or imlements for counterfeiting orfalsification made in or introduced into the 0hiliines4y another erson"


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ma6imum eriods and a fine not to e6ceed 0#.7...@D Any erson who7 with the intention of using

them7 shall ha*e in his ossession any of the

instruments or imlements mentioned in thereceding aragrah7 shall suffer the enalty ne6tlower in degree than that ro*ided therein"

CHAPTER TWOO"er F$si"ies

Ar", -77, =s&r"i#! #+ &"#ri"' #r#++i%i$ +&!%"i#!s,Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# 'surpation of authority.

Offender >nowingly and falsely reresentshimself as an officer7 agent or reresentati*e of anydeartment or agency of the 0hiliine ?o*ernment orof any foreign go*ernment"

D 'surpation of official functions.Da Offender erforms any act under

retence of official osition@D4 The act ertains to any erson in

authority or u4lic officer of the 0hiliine?o*ernment or any foreign go*ernment7 or any

agency thereof@Dc :e is not lawfully entitled to do so"0enaltyHPrisioncorreccional in its minimum andmedium eriods"

Ar", -7, =si!g +i%"i"i#&s !me !%#!%e$i!g "r&e !me,

Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsHD# 'sing fictitious name.

Da Offender uses a name other than hisreal name@

D4 :e uses the fictitious name u4licly@

Dc 0urose is to conceal a crime7 toe*ade the e6ecution of a 9udgment or to causedamage"D &oncealing true name.

Da Offender conceals his true name andother ersonal circumstances@

D4 0urose is only to conceal his identity"0enaltiesH

D#Arresto mayor and a fine not to e6ceed 0%..for using fictitious name@

D Arrestomenoror a fine not to e6ceed 0..

for concealing true name"Ar", -74, I$$eg$ &se #+ &!i+#rms #r

i!sig!i,ElementsH

D# Offender ma>es use of insignia7 uniform ordress@

D The insignia7 uniform or dress ertains to anoffice not held 4y such erson or to a class of ersonsof which he is not a mem4er@

D1 Said insignia7 uniform or dress is used

u4licly and imroerly"0enaltyHArresto mayorAr", -0, F$se "es"im#!' gi!s"

e+e!!",ElementsH

D# There is a criminal roceeding@


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D Offender testifies falsely under oath againstthe defendant therein@

D1 Offender who gi*es false testimony >nowsthat it is false@

D$ 5efendant against whom the false

testimony is gi*en is either ac=uitted or con*icted in afinal 9udgment"0enaltyH

D# There is a criminal roceeding@D Offender testifies falsely under oath against

the defendant therein@D1 Offender who gi*es false testimony >nows

that it is false@D$ 5efendant against whom the false

testimony is gi*en is either ac=uitted or con*icted in afinal 9udgment"

0enaltyHD# Reclusion temporal7 if the defendant in said

case shall ha*e 4een sentenced to death@D Prision mayor7 if the defendant shall ha*e

4een sentenced to reclusion temporalor reclusion3D1 Prisioncorreccional7 if the defendant shall

ha*e 4een sentenced to any other afflicti*e enalty@and

D$ Arresto mayor, if the defendant shall ha*e4een sentenced to a correctional enalty or a fine7 or

shall ha*e 4een ac=uitted"D% In cases ro*ided in su4di*isions 1 and $ ofthis article the offender shall further suffer a fine notto e6ceed 0#7..."

Ar", --, F$se "es"im#!' +3#r8$e "# "ee+e!!",

ElementsHD# A erson gi*es false testimony@D In fa*or of the defendant@D1 In a criminal case"

0enaltiesH

D# Arresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod toprisioncorreccional in its minimum eriod and a finenot to e6ceed 0#7...7 if the rosecution is for a felonyunisha4le 4y an afflicti*e enalty@

D Arresto mayorin any other case"Ar", -2, F$se "es"im#!' i! %i3i$ %ses,

ElementsHD# Testimony is gi*en in a ci*il case@D Testimony relates to the issues resented in

said case@D1 Testimony is false@

D$ Offender >nows that testimony is false@D% Testimony is malicious and gi*en with an

intent to affect the issues resented in said case"0enaltiesH

D# 0risioncorreccional in its minimum eriodand a fine not to e6ceed 0&7...7 if the amount incontro*ersy shall e6ceed 0%7...@

D Arresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod toprisioncorreccional in its minimum eriod and a finenot to e6ceed 0#7...7 if the amount in contro*ersy

shall not e6ceed said amount or cannot 4e estimated"Ar", -6, F$se "es"im#!' i! #"er %ses! er;&r' i! s#$em! ++irm"i#!,ElementsH

D# Offender ma>es a statement under oath ore6ecutes an affida*it uon a material matter@


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D The statement or affida*its is made 4efore acometent officer7 authoried to recei*e andadminister oaths@

D1 Offender ma>es a willful and deli4erateassertion of a falsehood in the statement or affida*it@

D$ The sworn statement or affida*it containingthe falsity is re=uired 4y law"0enaltyHArresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod to

prisioncorreccionaliin its minimum eriod"Ar", -., O++eri!g +$se "es"im#!' i!

e3ie!%e,ElementsH

D# Offender offers in e*idence a false witnessor testimony@

D :e >nows that the witness or the testimonywas false@

D1 The offer is made in any 9udicial or officialroceeding"0enaltyH 0unished as guilty of false testimony andshall suffer the resecti*e enalties ro*ided in thissection"

CHAPTER THREEFr&s

Ar", -/, M%i!"i#!s i! &8$i% &%"i#!s,

Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsHD# Soliciting any gift or romise as aconsideration for refraining from ta>ing art in anyu4lic auction"

Da There is a u4lic auction@

D4 Offender solicits any gift or a romisefrom any of the 4idders@

Dc Such gift or romise is theconsideration for his refraining from ta>ing artin that u4lic auction@

Dd Offender has the intent to cause thereduction of the rice of the thing auctioned"D Attemting to cause 4idders to stay away

from an auction 4y threats7 gifts7 romises or anyother artifice"

Da There is a u4lic auction@D4 Offender attemts to cause the

4idders to stay away from that u4lic auction@Dc It is done 4y threats7 gifts7 romises or

any other artifice@Dd Offender has the intent to cause the

reduction of the rice of the thing auctioned"0enaltyHPrisioncorreccionalin its minimum eriod anda fine ranging from #. to %.per centumof the *alueof the thing auctioned"

Ar", -1, M#!##$ies ! %#m8i!"i#!s i!res"ri!" #+ "re,Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# Com4ination to re*ent free cometition inthe mar>et"

Da Entering into any contract or

agreement or ta>ing art in any consiracy orcom4ination in the form of a trust or otherwise@D4 Said act is done in restraint of trade or

commerce or to re*ent 4y artificial means freecometition in the mar>et"


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D 'onooly to restrain free cometition in themar>et"

Da 'onooliing any merchandise oro49ect of trade or commerce7 or 4y com4iningwith any other erson or ersons to monoolie

said merchandise or o49ect@D4 Said act is done in order to alter therices thereof 4y sreading false rumors orma>ing use of any other artifice to restrain freecometition in the mar>et"D1 'anufacturer7 roducer7 or rocessor or

imorter com4ining7 consiring or agreeing with anyerson to ma>e transactions re9udicial to lawfulcommerce or to increase the mar>et rice ofmerchandise"

Da 'anufacturer7 roducer7 rocessor or

imorter of any merchandise or o49ect ofcommerce@

D4 Com4ines7 consires or agrees withany erson@

Dc 0urose is to ma>e transactionsre9udicial to lawful commerce or to increasethe mar>et rice of any merchandise or o49ectof commerce manufactures7 roduced7rocessed7 assem4led or imorted into the0hiliines"

0enaltiesHD# Prisioncorreccionalin its minimum eriod ora fine ranging from 0.. to 0&7...7 or 4oth@

D Prision mayorin its ma6imum and mediumeriods7 if the offense affects any food su4stance7

motor fuel or lu4ricants7 or other articles of rimenecessity"

Ar", -7, Im#r""i#! ! is#si"i#! #++$se$' mr@e r"i%$es #r mer%!ise me #+g#$: si$3er: #r #"er re%i#&s me"$s #r "eir

$$#'s,ElementsHD# Offender imorts7 sells or disoses articles

made of gold7 sil*er7 or other recious metals or theiralloys@

D The stams7 4rands7 or mar>s7 of thosearticles of merchandise fail to indicate the actualfineness or =uality of said metals or alloys@

D1 Offender >nows that the stams7 4rands7 ormar>s fail to indicate the actual fineness or =uality ofthe metals or alloys"

0enaltyHPrisioncorreccional or a fine ranging from0.. to 0#7... esos7 or 4oth"

Ar", -, S&8s"i"&"i!g ! $"eri!g"remr@s: "re!mes: #r ser3i%e mr@s,

Ar", -4, =!+ir %#me"i"i#!: +r&&$e!"regis"r"i#! #+ "re!me: "remr@: #rser3i%e mr@: +r&&$e!" esig!"i#! #+ #rigi!:! +$se es%ri"i#!,/0E Articles 155615 have been repealed by R.A.o. 5"8 !intellectual Property &ode#

TITLE FIVECrimes Re$"i3e "# Oi&m ! O"er Pr#i8i"e

Dr&gs/0E Articles 1961: have been repealed by R.A.

o. ;:"< !0he Dangerous Drugs Act of 17"#, as


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D Such act or acts 4e highly scandalous asoffending against decency or good customs@

D1 The highly scandalous conduct is note6ressly falling within any other article of the8e*ised 0enal Code@ and

D$ The act or acts comlained of 4e committedin u4lic lace or within the u4lic >nowledge or *iew"0enaltiesHArresto mayorand u4lic censure"

Ar", 20-, Imm#r$ #%"ri!es: #8s%e!e&8$i%"i#!s ! e9i8i"i#!s ! i!e%e!"s#*s,Acts unishedH

D# Those who shall u4licly e6ound orroclaim doctrines oenly contrary to u4lic morals@

D Da The authors of o4scene literature7u4lished with their >nowledge in any form@ the

editors u4lishing such literature@ and theownersoerators of the esta4lishment sellingthe same@D4 Those who7 in theaters7 fairs7cinematograhs7 or any other lace7 e6hi4itindecent or immoral lays7 scenes7 acts7 orshows7 it 4eing understood that the o4sceneliterature or indecent or immoral lays7 scene7acts or shows7 whether li*e or in film7 which areroscri4ed 4y *irtue hereof7 shall include thosewhichH D# glorify criminals or condone crimes@D ser*e no other urose 4ut to satisfy themar>et for *iolence7 lust or ornograhy@ D1offend any race7 or religion@ D$ tend to a4ettraffic in and use of rohi4ited drugs@ and D% arecontrary to law7 u4lic order7 morals7 good

customs7 esta4lished olicies7 lawful orders7decrees and edicts@ andD1 Thos who shall sell7 gi*e away7 or e6hi4it

films7 rints7 engra*ing7 scultures7 or literature whichare offensi*e to morals"

0enaltyHPrision mayoror a fine ranging from 0&7... to0#7...7 or 4oth"Ar", 202, Vgr!"s ! r#s"i"&"es

e!$"',,agrantsH

D# Any erson ha*ing no aarent means ofsu4sistence7 who has the hysical a4ility to wor> andwho neglects to aly himself or herself to somelawful calling@

D Any erson found loitering a4out u4lic orsemi-u4lic 4uildings or laces or tramling or

wandering a4out the country or the streets without*isi4le means of suort@

D1 Any idle or dissolute erson who ha4ituallyassociate with rostitutes@

D$ 8uffians or ims and those who ha4ituallyassociate with rostitutes@

D% Any erson who7 not 4eing included in thero*isions of other articles of the 8e*ised 0enal Code7shall 4e found loitering in any inha4ited oruninha4ited lace 4elonging to another without anylawful or 9ustifia4le urose@

D& 0rostitutes"0enaltiesH

D# Arrestomenoror a fine not to e6ceed 0.."D In case of recidi*ism7 arresto mayor in its

medium eriod to prisioncorreccionalin its minimum


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eriod or a fine ranging from 0.. to 07...7 or 4oth7in the discretion of the court"

TITLE SEVEN

Crimes C#mmi""e 8' P&8$i% O++i%ers

CHAPTER ONEPre$imi!r' Pr#3isi#!s

Ar", 206, W# re &8$i% #++i%ers,8e=uisites to 4e a u4lic officerH

D# Ta>ing art in the erformance of u4licfunctions in the ?o*ernment@ or erforming in said?o*ernment or in any of its 4ranches u4lic duties asan emloyee7 agent or su4ordinate official7 or any

ran> or class@D :is authority to ta>e art in the

erformance of u4lic functions or to erform u4licduties must 4e !

Da 4y direct ro*ision of the law@D4 4y oular election@ orDc 4 aointment 4y cometent authority"

CHAPTER TWOM$+es!%e ! Mis+es!%e i! O++i%e

Ar", 20., K!#*i!g$' re!eri!g &!;&s";&gme!",ElementsH

D# Offender is a 9udge@

D :e renders a 9udgment in a case su4mittedto him for decision@

D1 udgment is un9ust@D$ The 9udge >nows that his 9udgment is un9ust"

0enaltyHPrision mayorand eretual a4solute

dis=ualification"Ar", 20/, &gme!" re!ere "r#&g!eg$ige!%e,ElementsH

D# Offender is a 9udge@D :e renders a 9udgment in a case su4mitted

to him for decision@D1 The 9udgment is manifestly un9ust@D$ It is due to his ine6cusa4le negligence or

ignorance"0enaltyHArresto mayor and temorary secial

dis=ualification"Ar", 201, =!;&s" i!"er$#%&"#r' #rer,

ElementsHD# Offender is a 9udgeHD :e erforms any of the following actsH

Da >nowingly renders an un9ustinterlocutory order or decree@ or

D4 renders a manifestly un9ustinterlocutory order or decree throughine6cusa4le negligence or ignorance"

0enaltiesHD# Arresto mayor in its minimum eriod and

susension@D Susension7 if he shall ha*e acted 4y reason

of ine6cusa4le negligence or ignorance and theinterlocutory order or decree 4e manifestly un9ust"


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D$ The act which offender agrees to erform orwhich he e6ecutes 4e connected with theerformance of his official duties"0enaltiesH

D# Prision mayorin its medium and ma6imum

eriods and a fine of not less than three D1 times the*alue of the gift in addition to the enaltycorresonding to the crime agreed uon7 if the sameshall ha*e 4een committed@

D Prisioncorreccional in its medium eriod anda fine of not less than twice the *alue of the gift7 if theact did not constitute a crime@

D1 Prisioncorreccional in its ma6imum eriodand prision mayor in its minimum eriod and a finenot less than three D1 times the *alue of the gift7 ifthe o49ect was to ma>e the u4lic officer refrain from

doing something which it was his official duty to do@D$ In addition to the foregoing enalties7 the

offender shall suffer the enalty of secial temorarydis=ualification"

Ar", 2--, I!ire%" Bri8er',ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D :e accets gifts@D1 The gifts are offered to him 4y reason of his

office"0enaltiesH Prisioncorreccional in its medium andma6imum eriods7 susension and u4lic censure"

Ar", 2--


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D4 :e has ta>en ad*antage of his office7that is7 he inter*ened in the transaction in hisofficial caacity@

Dc :e entered into an agreement withany interested arty or seculator or made use

of any other scheme with regard to furnishingsulies7 the ma>ing of contracts7 or thead9ustment of settlement of accounts relating tou4lic roerty or funds@

Dd :e had intent to defraud thego*ernment"

D Illegal e6tractions"Da Offender is a u4lic officer entrusted

with the collect ion of ta6es7 licenses7 fees andother imosts@

D4 :e is guilty of any of the following acts

or omissionsHDi demanding7 directly or indirectly"

The ayment of sums different from orlarger that those authoried 4y law@

Dii failing *oluntarily to issue areceit7 as ro*ided 4y law7 for any sum ofmoney collected 4y him officially@ or

Diii collecting or recei*ing7 directlyor indirectly7 4y way of ayment orotherwise7 things of o49ects of a naturedifferent from that ro*ided 4y law"

0enaltyHPrisioncorreccional in its medium eriod toprision mayorin its minimum eriod7 or a fine rangingfrom 0.. to 0#.7...7 or 4oth"

Ar", 2-., O"er +r&s,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D :e ta>es ad*antage of his official osition@D1 :e commits any of the frauds or deceits

enumerated in Articles 1#% to 1#)"(

0enaltyH Temorary secial dis=ualification in its

ma6imum eriod to eretual secial dis=ualificationin addition to the enalties rescri4ed in thero*isions of Chater Si67 Title Ten7 Boo> Two7 of the8e*ised 0enal Code"

Ar", 2-/, Pr#i8i"e "r!s%"i#!s,ElementsH

D# Offender is an aointi*e u4lic officer@D :e 4ecomes interested7 directly or

indirectly7 in any transaction of e6change orseculation@

D1 The transaction ta>es lace within the

territory su49ect to his 9urisdiction@D$ :e 4ecomes interested in the transaction

during his incum4ency"0enaltyHPrisioncorreccionalin its minimum eriod or afine ranging from0.. to 0#7.. or 4oth"

Ar", 2-1, P#ssessi#! #+ r#i8i"ei!"eres" 8' &8$i% #++i%er,0ersons lia4leH

D# 0u4lic officer who7 directly or indirectly74ecame interested in any contracts or 4usiness inwhich it was his official duty to inter*ene@

D E6erts7 ar4itrators7 and ri*ateaccountants who7 in li>e manner7 too> art in anycontract or transaction connected with the estate or

7Articles 1#%-1#) defines and enalie D# estafa@ D other formsof swindling@ D1 swindling a minor@ and D$ other deceits"


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roerty in the araisal7 distri4ution or ad9udicationof which they had acted@

D1 ?uardians and e6ecutors with resect to theroerty 4elonging to their wards or the estate"0enaltyHArresto mayor in its medium eriod to

prisioncorreccional in its minimum eriod7 or a fineranging from 0.. to 0#7...7 or 4oth"

CHAPTER FO=RM$3ers"i#! #+ P&8$i% F&!s #r Pr#er"'

Ar", 2-7, M$3ers"i#! #+ &8$i% +&!s #rr#er"' res&m"i#! #+ m$3ers"i#!,Acts unishedH

D# Aroriating u4lic funds or roerty@D Ta>ing or misaroriating the same@

D1 Consenting7 or through a4andonment ornegligence7 ermitting any other erson to ta>e suchu4lic funds or roerty@

D$ Being otherwise guilty of themisaroriation or mal*ersation of such funds orroerty"Elements common to all acts of mal*ersation underArticle #(@

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D :e had the custody or control of funds or

roerty 4y reason of the duties of his office@D1 Those funds or roerty were u4lic funds

or roerty for which he was accounta4le@D$ :e aroriated7 too>7 misaroriated or

consented or7 through a4andonment or negligence7ermitted another erson to ta>e them"


ma6imum eriods7 if the amount in*ol*ed in themisaroriation or mal*ersation does not e6ceed0..@

D Prision mayorin its minimum and mediumeriods7 if the amount in*ol*ed is more than 0.. 4utdoes not e6ceed 0&7...@

D1 Prision mayor in its ma6imum eriod toreclusion temporal in its minimum eriod7 if theamount in*ol*ed is more than 0&7... 4ut is less than0#7...@

D$ Reclusion temporal in its medium andma6imum eriods7 if the amount in*ol*ed it more than0#7... 4ut is less than 07...@

D% Reclusion temporalin its ma6imum eriod

to reclusion perpetualif the amount e6ceeds 07..."D& In all cases7 ersons guilty of mal*ersation

shall also suffer the enalty of eretual secialdis=ualification and a fine e=ual to the amount of thefunds mal*ersed or e=ual to the total *alue of theroerty em4eled"

Ar", 2-, Fi$&re #+ %%#&!"8$e #++i%er "#re!er %%#&!"s,ElementsH

D# Offender is u4lic officer7 whether in theser*ice ort searated therefrom 4y resignation or anyother cause@

D :e is an accounta4le officer for u4lic fundsor roerty@


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D1 :e is re=uired 4y law or regulation to renderaccount to the Commission on audit7 or to a ro*incialauditor@

D$ :e fails to do so for a eriod of two Dmonths after such accounts should 4e rendered"

0enaltyHPrisioncorreccional in its minimum eriod7 or4y a fine ranging from 0.. to 0&7...7 or 4oth"Ar", 2-4, Fi$&re #+ res#!si8$e &8$i%

#++i%er "# re!er %%#&!"s 8e+#re $e3i!g "e%#&!"r',ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D :e is an accounta4le officer for u4lic funds

or roerty@D1 :e unlawfully lea*es or attemts to lea*e

the 0hiliine Islands without securing a certificate

from the Commission on Audit showing that hisaccounts ha*e 4een finally settled"0enaltyHArresto mayoror a fine ranging from 0.. to0#7...7 or 4oth"

Ar", 220, I$$eg$ &se #+ &8$i% +&!s #rr#er"',ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D There are u4lic funds or roerty under his

administration@D1 Such fund or roerty has 4een

aroriated 4y law or ordinance@D$ :e alies such u4lic fund or roerty to a

u4lic use other than that for which it has 4eenaroriated 4y law or ordinance"0enaltiesH

D# Prisioncorreccional in its minimum eriod ora fine ranging from one-half D# to the total of thesum misalied7 if 4y reason of such misalication7any damage or em4arrassment shall ha*e resulted tothe u4lic ser*ice" In either case7 the offender shall

also suffer the enalty of temorary secialdis=ualification@D If no damage or em4arrassment to the

u4lic ser*ice has resulted7 the enalty shall 4e a finefrom % to %. ercent of the sum misalied"

Ar", 22-, Fi$&re "# m@e e$i3er' #+&8$i% +&!s #+ r#er"',Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# Failing to ma>e ayment 4y a u4lic officerwho is under o4ligation to ma>e such ayment fromgo*ernment funds in his ossession"

Da 0u4lic officer has go*ernment funds inhis ossession@

D4 :e is under o4ligation to ma>eayment from such funds@

Dc :e fails to ma>e the aymentmaliciously"

D 8efusing to ma>e deli*ery 4y a u4lic officerwho has 4een ordered 4y cometent authority todeli*er any roerty in his custody or under hisadministration"

Da 0u4lic officer has go*ernmentroerty in his custody or under hisadministration@

D4 :e has 4een ordered 4y cometentauthority to deli*er such roerty@


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Dc :e refuses to ma>e the deli*erymaliciously"0enaltyH Arresto mayor and a fine of from % to %ercent of the sum which he failed to ay" The fineshall 4e graduated in such case 4y the *alue of thething7 ro*ided that it shall not 4e less than 0%."

Ar", 222, O++i%ers i!%$&e i! "e re%ei!gr#3isi#!s,Officers included under this ChaterH

D# 0ri*ate indi*iduals who7 in any caacitywhate*er7 ha*e charge of any insular7 ro*incial ormunicial funds7 re*enues7 or roerty@ and

D Administrator or deository of funds orroerty attached7 seied or deosited 4y u4licauthority7 e*en if such roerty 4elongs to a ri*ateindi*idual"

CHAPTER FIVEI!+ie$i"' #+ P&8$i% O++i%ers

Ar", 226, C#!!i3i!g *i" #r %#!se!"i!g "#e3si#!,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D :e had in custody or charge a risoner7

either detention risoner or risoner 4y final9udgment@

D1 Such risoner escaed from his custody@D$ :e was in conni*ance with the risoner in

the latter/s escae"0enaltiesH

D# Prisioncorreccional in its medium andma6imum eriods and temorary secialdis=ualification in its ma6imum eriod to eretualsecial dis=ualification7 if the fugiti*e shall ha*e 4eensentenced 4y final 9udgment to any enalty@

D Prisioncorreccional in its minimum eriodand temorary secial dis=ualification7 in case thefugiti*e shall not ha*e 4een finally con*icted 4ut onlyheld as a detention risoner for any crime or *iolationof law or municial ordinance"

Ar", 22., E3si#! "r#&g !eg$ige!%e,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D :e is charged with the con*eyance or

custody of a risoner7 either detention risoner orrisoner 4y finale 9udgment@

D1 Such risoner escaes through hisnegligence"0enaltyHArresto mayor in its ma6imum eriod to

prision correctional in its minimum eriod andtemorary secial dis=ualification"

Ar", 22/, Es%e #+ ris#!er &!er "e%&s"#' #+ ers#! !#" &8$i% #++i%er,ElementsH

D# Offender is a ri*ate erson@D The con*eyance or custody of a risoner or

erson under arrest is confided to him@D1 The risoner or erson under arrest

escaes@D$ Offender consents to the escae7 or that the

escae ta>es lace through his negligence"


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0enaltyH 0enalty ne6t lower in degree than thatrescri4ed for the u4lic officer"

Ar", 221, Rem#3$: %#!%e$me!": #res"r&%"i#! #+ #%&me!"s,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D :e a4stracts7 destroys or conceals

documents or aers@D1 Said documents or aers was entrusted to

such u4lic officer 4y reason of his office@D$ 5amage7 whether serious or not7 to a third

arty or to the u4lic interest has 4een caused"0enaltiesH

D# Prision mayor and a fine not to e6ceed0#7...7 whene*er serious damage shall ha*e 4eencaused there4y to a third arty or to the u4lic

interest@D Prisioncorreccional in its minimum and

medium eriods and a fine not to e6ceed 0#7...whene*er the damage caused to a third arty or tothe u4lic interest shall not ha*e 4een serious@

D1 In either case7 the additional enalty oftemorary secial dis=ualification in its ma6imumeriod to eretual secial dis=ualification shall 4eimosed"

Ar", 227, O++i%er 8re@i!g se$,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer"D :e is charged with the custody of aers or

roerty@D1 These aers or roerty are sealed 4y

roer authority@

D$ :e 4rea>s the seal or ermits them to 4e4ro>en"0enaltiesHPrisioncorreccional in its minmum andmedium eriods7 temorary secial dis=ualificationand a fine not to e6ceed 07..."

Ar", 22, Oe!i!g ! %$#se #%&me!"s,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D Any closed aers7 documents7 or o49ects

are entrusted to his custody@D1 :e oens or ermits to 4e oened said

closed aers7 documents or o49ects@D$ :e does not ha*e roer authority"

0enaltiesHArresto mayo, temorary secialdis=ualification and a fine not to e6ceed 07..."

Ar", 224, Re3e$"i#! #+ se%re"s 8' !

#++i%er,Acts unished and their resecti*e elementsH

D# 8e*ealing any secrets >nown to theoffending u4lic officer 4y reason of his officialcaacity"

Da Offender is a u4lic officer@D4 :e >nows of a secret 4y reason of his

official caacity@Dc :e re*eals such secret without

authority or 9ustifia4le reasons@Dd 5amage7 great or small7 is caused to

the u4lic interest"D 5eli*ering wrongfully aers or coies of

aers of which he may ha*e charge and whichshould not 4e u4lished"

Da Offender is a u4lic officer@


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D4 :e has charge of aers@Dc Those aers should not 4e u4lished@Dd :e deli*ers those aers or coies

thereof to a third erson@De Te deli*ery is wrongful@Df 5amage is caused to u4lic interest"


ma6imum eriods7 eretual secial dis=ualificationand a fine not to e6ceed 07...7 if the re*elation ofsuch secrets or the deli*ery of such aers shall ha*ecaused serious damage to the u4lic interest@

D Otherwise7 prisioncorreccionalin itsminimum eriod7 temorary secial dis=ualificationand a fine not to e6ceed 0%.. shall 4e imosed"

Ar", 260, P&8$i% #++i%er re3e$i!g se%re"s

#+ ri3"e i!i3i&$,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@D :e >nows of the secrets of a ri*ate

indi*idual 4y reason of his office@D1 :e re*eals such secrets without authority or

9ustifia4le reason"0enaltiesHArresto mayor and a fine not to e6ceed0#7..."

CHAPTER SI>O"er O++e!ses #r Irreg&$ri"ies 8' P&8$i%

O++i%ers

Ar", 26-, Oe! is#8eie!%e,ElementsH

D# Officer is a 9udicial or e6ecuti*e officer@D There is a 9udgment7 decision or order of a

suerior authority@D1 Such 9udgment7 decision or order was made

within the scoe of the 9urisdiction of the sueriorauthority and issued with all the legal formalities@

D$ :e7 without any legal 9ustification7 oenlyrefuses to e6ecute the said 9udgment7 decision ororder7 which he is duty 4ound to o4ey"0enaltiesH Arrestomayor in its medium eriod to

prisioncorreccional in its minimum eriod7 temorarysecial dis=ualification in its ma6imum eriod and afine not to e6ceed 0#7..."

Ar", 262, Dis#8eie!%e "# #rer #+s&eri#r #++i%er *e! si #rer *s s&se!e8' i!+eri#r #++i%er,

ElementsHD# Offender is a u4lic officer@D An order is issued 4y his suerior for

e6ecution@D1 :e has for any reason susended the

e6ecution of such order@D$ :is suerior disaro*es the susension of

the e6ecution of the order@D% Offender diso4eys his suerior desite the

disaro*al of the susension"0enaltiesHPrisioncorreccional in its minimum andmedium eriods and eretual secial dis=ualification"

Ar", 266, Re+&s$ #+ ssis"!%e,ElementsH

D# Offender is a u4lic officer@


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Elements of Felonies

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