Elementos da arquitectura
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Transcript of Elementos da arquitectura
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HISTORIA DA ARQUITECTURA
Que é a historia ?
Que é a arquitectura?
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HISTORIA :Ciencia que se encarga de estudar o pasado da humanidade
ARQUITECTURA:Disciplina que se encarga de deseñar e construír edificios.A historia da arquitectura agrúpase por estilos: grego, romano, románico, gótico, renacemento, barroco, neoclásico, modernismo, …. Cada estilo recibe un nome diferente porque ten características diferentes e danse en momentos históricos diferentes
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ELEMENTOS DA ARQUITECTURA
TIPOLOXÍA DE EDIFICIOS
ELEMENTOS SUSTENTANTES:
•MUROS: tipos de muros, portas e ventanas(vanos)
• PILARES
• COLUMNAS
ELEMENTOS SOSTENIDOS:
• DINTEL
• ARCO
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TIPOLOXÍA DE EDIFICIOS:
RELIXIOSOS: TEMPLOS, IGREXAS, MESQUITAS
FUNERARIOS: TUMBAS
CONMEMORATIVOS
VIVENDA: CASAS, PALACIOS, CASTILLOS , PAZOS,…
EDIFICIOS DEDICADOS AO OCIO: TEATROS, ANFITEATROS, ESTADIOS, TERMAS,…..
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Templo Hator
Templo exipcio
Os templos exipcioscaracterízanse pola súamonumentalidade e por seguir unhas regras fixas e inmovibles. Estaban dedicados aos deusesexipcios.
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Zigurat
Templo mesopotámico
O zigurat era o templo mesopotámico, tiña forma de pirámide en chanzos de gran altura, rematada pola capela do deus, onde os sacerdotes observaban os astros.
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Templo da fortuna viril (Roma)
Templo romano
Os templos romanos, levantados para o culto dos deuses siguen moitascaracterísitcas dos templos etruscos, como a elevación sobre un podio ou a preeminencia da fachada principal
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Catedral de León
Igrexa gótica
As catedraisforon o paradigma da arquitectura gótica. A nova espiritualidade así como as innovación técnicas e constructivas permitironlevantar edificios máis altos e luminosos.
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Mesquita turca
A mesquita é un lugar creado a partir da necesidade de levar a cabo a pregaria colectiva. Nela destaca a sala de oración, o patio e os minaretes.
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Santa María a Nova, Noia
Igrexa medieval
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Igrexa de Roquetas de Mar
Igrexa S.XX
A simplicidadede liñas ou a falta de decoración son características que definen a arquitectura templaria da actualidade
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Dolmen de Axeitos
Arquitectura megalítica
O Dolmen foi un dos primeirosmonumentos funerarios coñecidos, grandes pedrasverticasi sobre as que descansan outras pedrashorizontais, e que servían de sepulcro colectivo
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Pirámides de Giza
Tumbas exipcias
As pirámides eran monumentos de carácter relixiosoconstruídaspara albergar as tumbas dos faraóns. Durante a IV dinastía levousea cabo un magnífico conxuntofunerario, a necrópole de Giza, preto do Cairo
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Catacumbas romanas
Tumbas romanas
As catacumbas foron cemiteriosorganizados en galerías subterráneos que constituían a última morada dos primeiroscristianos
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Cemiterio Santa María a Nova (Noia)
Cemiterioactual de Santa María a Nova en Noia, é unhamagnífico exemplopara comparar a losas funerarias dende a Idade Media a actualidade
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Domus romana
Casa romana
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Insulae romana
Casa romana
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Casa feudal
Casa medieval
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Bloque de edificios actual
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Chalet arquitectura moderna
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Palacio de Nabucodonosor
Arquitectura mesopotámica
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Castelo medieval
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Castelo medieval
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Zarzuela
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Teatro de epidauro (Grecia)
Arquitectura grega
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Coliseo
Anfiteatro romano
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Coliseo
Anfiteatro romano
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Termas romanas
Arquitectura romana
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Estadio de futbol
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Liceo de Noia
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ELEMENTOS SUSTENTANTES:
MUROS PILARES COLUMNAS
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TIPOS DE APARELLO OU MUROS
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CASTILLO DE BUITRAGO DE LOZOYA (MADRID)S. IX-XV
APARELLO IRREGULAR
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APARELLO IRREGULAR: MAMPOSTERÍA
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APARELLO REGULAR: SILLERÍA
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VANO ARQUITECTURA ROMÁNICA (abocinado)
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San Clemente de Tahull (Cataluña)
VANOS ARQUITECTURA ROMÁNICA
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Palacio Pitti (Florencia, Italia)
VANOS ARQUTECTURA RENACENTISTA
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VANOS ARQUTECTURA ACTUAL
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COLUMNAS
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Templo de Luxor (Exipto)
COLUMNAS ARQUITECTURA EXIPCIA
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Partenón (Atenas, Grecia)
COLUMNAS ARQUITECTURA CLÁSICA GREGA
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ÓRDENES CLÁSICOS
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Erecteion (Atenas) Grecia
Columnas xónicas
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Cariátides (Erecteión)
Estatuas-columnas gregas
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Arquitectura románica
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San Pedro do Vaticano (Roma)
Columnas barrocas
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Columna Salomónica
Columna barroca
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Retablo Barroco
Columna barroca
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Pilares
Comparación columna-pilar
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Domus romana
Pilar romano
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ELEMENTOS SOSTENIDOS
DINTEL ARCO
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Dintel
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Dintel ventana
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Dintel románico
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Arcos
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Tipos de arco
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Ponte romana de Alcántara
Arco romano
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Mezquita de Córdoba
Arco de ferradura musulmán
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Alfajarería Zaragoza
Arco musulmán
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Interior Catedral Santiago de Compostela
Arco de medio punto románico
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Portada románica
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Portada románica
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Bóveda de canón
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Bóveda gótica
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Cúpula de Sta Mª das Flores (Florencia)
Cúpula renacentista
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Cúpula de San Pedro do Vaticano (Roma)
Cúpula renacentista
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Interior cúpula San Pedro do Vaticano