Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell

● ...searches for new elementary forms of matter

● ... explore dominance of matter over anti-matter

● ... the unification of forces, new physical symmetries and interactions

● ... clues to evolution of early universe

● ... origins of mass

●... forces within the nucleus

● ... the stuff of the universe

Study basic constituents of matter and the forces that

govern their actions

May 4, 2005 Drew Baden 5

The Labs

Fermilab (Near Chicago)The Tevatron

proton-antiproton colliderat c.o.m. Energy = 2TeV

6.3 km circumference

CERN (Geneva, Switzerland)Tdhe LHC

proton-proton colliderat c.o.m. Energy = 14TeV

v=0.999999991c27 km circumference

Tevatron

May 4, 2005 Drew Baden 7

The Experiments

DØ - FermilabWeighs 5000 tons~106 channels of informationInspects ~3-30 x106

collisions/sec.Running now, mature experiment,

high quality data

CMS - CERNWeighs 12,500 tons~107 channels of informationInspects ~40-1000 x106

collisions/sec.First physics data: early 2010

Hirosky, Dukes Hirosky, Cox, Neu

D-Zero

May 4, 2005 Drew Baden 9

Slice of CMS7m

Are there undiscovered principles of nature: new symmetries, new physical laws?

The kinds of questions we ask

What is dark matter? How can we make it in the laboratory?

Are there extra dimensions of space?

The kinds of questions we ask

Cosmic tug of war How can we solve the mystery of dark

energy?

Composition of the universe

Do all the forces become one?

The kinds of questions we ask

Standard Model particles, many more may exist

Why are there so many kinds of particles?

What is mass?

>12 orders of magnitude in mass!

W photonmass = 0

mass = 80.4 GeV

What is the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking?

The kinds of questions we ask

What happened to the antimatter?

Now

Matter Antimatter

Then

How did the universe come to be?

E=mc2

EM and Strong forces

In a more general theory (GUT), expect unification of strong w/ electroweak force. But what new physics might this require?

Accumulate world's largest data sets at highest energies before LHC era

physics menu includes:

Precision top physics (first ever) Precision EW physics (new

observations of di-boson states) Searches: Higgs* and new physics

(explore much of SUSY phase space, extra-dimensions, exotic matter states)

QCD and proton hadronic structure (new levels of precision, smallest distance scales yet)*

Discover new states predicted by QPM Heavy flavor physics* (Precision

measurements in heavy quark sector, relationship between generations, matter antimatter asymmetry,...

Mature experiment, high quality data

LHC: The New Frontier

physics menu includes:

Copious top production* Test of EW physics to “unitarity

limit”* Copious Higgs production*, test SM

vs. SUSY Higgs Direct observations of SUSY states*

or elimination of the lifetime work of many theorists :)

Order of magnitude gain in physics reach at smallest distance scales*

Open door to weirdness: black hole production, extremely massive exotic

states, new types of strong interactions, extra-dimensions*....

A new era of HEP research starts this NOW!

* general group interests at present

Various Technical Projects

At the CMS test beam

Stuff we're working on now

Hunting the Higgs at Fermilab

● Difficult signatures requiring highly optimized MVA techniques● Porting CPU intensive calculations to computing grid (goal facilitate 20,000+ hour calcs to optimize data analysis techniques)

Physics with rare decays

Operations of D-Zero detector at Fermilab

Stuff we're working on now

Preparing for Physics at LHC

Interests include:

Searches for new forces/particle states

Higgs, of course, but initially how to get there. Develop precise understanding of Standard Model an new energy scales first.

New physics opportunities with a top factory

...

Stuff we're working on now

Commissioning CMS precision EM calorimeter

(~78,000 lead tungstate crystals, capable of stopping 1TeV electrons/photons, 1/2% energy resolution, ~100ps timing precision)

Designing new calibrations systems

R&D on future light detector technology

Developing new readout electronics for future detector upgrades.

Constantly pushing technological envelopes:

● High speed electronics● Computing● Precision detector readout● Radiation and high magnetic field tolerant devices● Fast, exceptionally sensitive detector technologies● State of the art data analysis techniques● ...

1990

World's 1st web site and a the WWW, a gift to the world from HEP

Workshops and Physics Schools

Around Fermilab

Around CERN

CERN Surroundings

Where do HEP students go?HEP students and postdocs go many places after completing their research, some (very few really) examples: Industry

Industrial research and instrumentation design Wireless technology and network infrastructure IT Consulting Financial analysis, modeling Design of medical treatment devices

Non-Industry Private and public “think tanks” National research laboratories (not only HEP) Law, Media

Academia 4-year undergraduate colleges Tier-1 research universities

But, you should only choose this or any other research area because you are interested in the physics!

no passion, no progress!

Students w/ experience on experiments, are are eagerly hired as postdocs

What can you learn along w/ physics?Lots: detector technologies, typical HEP experiments can easily employ

many varieties of particle detection – enormous amount of practical physics in development of detector systems high performance data readout systems, electronics (HEP detectors

must typically process 10's of TB of data each second) high performance computing:

need to cull above data rate to manageable levels in real time handle data sets at many PetaByte level

sophisticated data analysis techniques, statistical reasoning, multivariate approaches for problems -> extracting maximal information from data working with engineers and detector/accelerator physics experts to

bring experiments on-line experience w/ detailed simulations of detector systems and physics

processes join in a large talented physics community, amazing access to

expertise in world wide community + many opportunities to contribute to high-profile efforts

Great opportunities for graduate students and junior scientists this decade and beyond.

● New world class accelerator is just starting (~20 years in the making). Raising the energy frontier from 2 => 14 TeV.

● Major domestic programs under construction at intensity frontier

Some resources:- seminars, colloquia, ...- Symmetry Magazine: http://www.symmetrymagazine.org- CERN Courier: http://cerncourier.com- Femilab Today: http://www.fnal.gov/pub/today/

A fantastic time for HEP!*note: new projects also starting in neutrino and rare decay/precision physics!

Want to try learn more? I'll be happy to meet with interested students.● Lab Tours● Project Details● Opportunities to get involved at UVa, CERN, Fermilab

Hirosky@Virginia.EDU