Elementary Education in india
-
Upload
selfhelp-citizen-dream-merchant -
Category
Education
-
view
435 -
download
0
Transcript of Elementary Education in india
1
ELEMENTARY
EDUCATION IN INDIA
For ensuring an all-round growth and development of the student’s personality
in all respects.
British days education-1854
In British India, the means of school educations were the vernacular languages while the higher education was granted in English only.
British government started giving funds to indigenous schools in need of help and thus slowly some of the schools became government-aided.
2
3
Pre- Primary - It consists of children of 3-5 years of age
studying in nursery, lower kindergarten and upper
kindergarten. At this stage student is given knowledge
about school life and is taught to read and write some
basic words.
Primary - It includes the age group of children of 6-11
years studying in classes from first to fifth.
Middle - It consists of children studying in classes from
sixth to eighth.
Secondary - it includes students studying in classes ninth
and tenth.
4
Higher Secondary - Includes students studying in eleventh
and twelfth classes.
Undergraduate - Here, a student goes through higher
education, which is completed in college.
This course may vary according to the subject pursued by
the student.
For medical student this stage is of four and a half years
plus one year of compulsory internship, while a simple
graduate degree can be attained in three years.
Education Governing Bodies
• The Central Board of Secondary Education
(CBSE)
• The Council of Indian School Certificate
Examination (CISCE)
• The State Government Boards
• The National Open School
• The International School
5
6
Elementary Education
In India now, Elementary education is a fundamental right of
children in the age group of 6- 14 years. India has about
688,000 primary schools and 110,000 secondary schools.
Two third of school going age children of India are enrolled in
schools; but many don't attend schools regularly.
At least half of all students from rural area drop out before
completing school.
The government has following plans to increase the
percentage of elementary education:
'Sarva Siksha Abhiyan’ (SSA), District Primary Education
Program (DPEP), Operation Blackboard, Mid Day Meal have
been successful to great extent.
Interventions incorporated to
7
(i) provide pre-school education to ensure school
readiness for all children, and
(ii) reimbursement to private unaided schools for
admission of 25% children from disadvantaged
groups and weaker sections, as also
(iii) provision of textbooks and uniforms to these
children in order to facilitate their participation in
the learning process.
8
National Skill Development Mission:
In order to create a pool of skilled personnel in adequate
numbers in line with the employment requirements in
various sectors of the economy, with particular emphasis
on the 20 high growth and high employment sectors, the
Government had set up in 2007 a Skill Development
Mission comprising an agglomeration of programmes and
appropriate structures aimed at enhancing training
opportunities for new entrants to the labour force. The
Mission seeks to train 500 million skilled personnel by
2022.
9
India is committed to the goals adopted at the World
Education Forum, Dakar in April 2000. The EFA goals
include, inter alia achieving universal elementary
education , ensuring equitable access to appropriate
learning and life skill programmes for young people and
adults, achieving improvement in adult literacy, achieving
gender equality in education and improving all aspects of
quality of education. India lays emphasis to education up
to the age of fourteen years (referred to as Elementary
Education in India.) 80% of all recognized schools at the
Elementary Stage are government run or supported.
10
Universal Elementary Education
•Programme for universalisation of primary education is the
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA).
•The overall goals of the SSA are: (i) all children in schools;
(ii) bridging all gender and social category gaps at primary
and upper primary stages of education (iii) universal
retention; and (iv) elementary education of satisfactory
quality.
11
The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is intended for the
enlargement and growth mainly in the primary education.
The aim of this flagship program was to attain
universalization of primary schooling at an acceptable level
by 2010. SSA is being implemented in partnership with
State Governments to cover the entire country and address
the needs of 192 million children in 1.2 million habitations.
The present rules of SSA have been modified recently by
putting into practice the “Right of Children to free and
Compulsory Education” which has been enforced from April
1, 2010 onwards.
12
Contemplating on the new system which was introduced
Mahatma Gandhi expressed his anguish in following words,
“Today India is more illiterate than it was fifty or a hundred
years ago, and so is Burma, because the British
administrators, when they came to India, instead of taking
hold of things as they were, began to root them out. They
scratched the soil and began to look at the root, and left the
root like that, and the beautiful tree perished. British
administrator came out with his program. Every school must
have so much paraphernalia, building, and so forth. Well,
there were no such schools at all.” Mahatma disagreed.
13
A District Information System for Education (DISE) looks
into several quality related parameters like student-
classroom ratio, teacher-pupil ratio, teachers’ profiles and
examination results.
In addition, Government of India, with the help of NCERT,
has operationalised a quarterly monitoring system in the
form of Quality Monitoring Tools (QMTs) to monitor quality
aspects such as student attendance, teacher availability in
schools, classroom practices, student learning
achievement, academic supervision etc.
14
DISE data show that between 2010 and 2014,
total enrollment in government elementary
schools fell by 1.16 crore students while total
enrollment in private school increased by1.85
crore students.
In 2014-15, there were nearly 97,000 government
schools in India with a total enrolment of 20 or
fewer students. Is it true?
15