Elementary. [email protected] Члены предложения Functions Функции Parts...
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Transcript of Elementary. [email protected] Члены предложения Functions Функции Parts...
elementary
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
It is possible to use words like one/ two/ three with such nouns.
a computer two computers
It is impossible to use one, two, three etc. with uncountable nouns directly, however we use words such as {a piece of, a glass of, a cup}
a cup of tea, a bar of chocolate Countable can be singular or plural.a motherboard motherboards
Uncountable nouns have only one form.data, capacity
Countable nouns in singular form require {a, an}.
a computer, an engineer
Uncountable nouns don’t use {a, an}
We use the word some with both countable (plural) and uncountable nouns.some computers, some hard disks, some video cardssome data, some sugar, some cake, some money, some cheese
Some words act as countable and uncountable depending on their
meaning. a cake some cake; a chicken some chicken;
some cakes; some chickens;
a piece of cake. a piece of chicken .
Some words are only in plural form
scissors, glasses, trousers, jeans, shorts, people, police etc.
Some words are usually uncountable:Information, advice, weather, news, bread, furniture, work
Some plurals don’t end in –s:a man men, a woman women, a foot feet,a tooth teeth a child children, a mouse mice
also:
one person two people Words that end with an s, sh, ch or x add es to their plural form.
glass glasses match matches dish dishes box boxes
Words that end with a constant + o often take es for plural.tomato tomatoes potato potatoes
Words that end with vowel + o take only s in the plural form. radio radios
Subject Pronouns:
English Russian English Russian
I я he он
we мы she она
you вы, ты it оно
they они
Object pronouns:
English Russian English Russian
me меня him его
us нас her ее
youтебя, вас
it его
them их
Possessive pronouns:
English Russian English Russian
my, mine мое his, his его
our, ours наше her, hers ее
your, yours твое, ваше its, its его
their, theirs их
computer central processorflash memory
hair
monitor main memory eyebrow eyelashes
mouse hard disc lip forehead
keyboard compact disc teeth chin
acoustic system
digital video disc ear cheek
printer video card eye nose
scanner network card mouth tea
mouse pad TV tuner tongue coffee
good bad fat thin
big small tall short
full empty young old
open closed wet dry
hot cold new old
happy sad fast slow
high low rich poor
hard softexpensive
cheap
Subject Pronoun Form of verb to BE
II AmAm
HeHe
IsIsSheShe
ItIt
WeWe
AreAreYouYou
They They
Subject Pronoun Form of verb to Have
II
HaveHaveWeWe
YouYou
They They
HeHe
HasHasSheShe
ItIt
Subject Pronoun Form of verb to Do
II
DoDoWeWe
YouYou
They They
HeHe
DoesDoesSheShe
ItIt
VERBS VERBS VERBS VERBS
study read installcalculate
teach write launch record
eat go view copy
drink come browse paste
Subject PronounForm of verb to BE
negative
II AmAm
notnot
HeHe
IsIsSheShe
ItIt
WeWe
AreAreYouYou
They They
Subject Pronoun
Form of verb to Do
negative verb
II
DoDo
notnot
studystudyread read have*have*do*do*
WeWe
YouYou
They They
HeHe
DoesDoesSheShe
ItIt
Subject Pronoun Form of verb to BE
AmAm II
IsIs
HeHe
SheShe
ItIt
AreAre
WeWe
YouYou
They They
Subject PronounForm of verb to Do
verb
DoDo
II
studystudyread read have*have*do*do*
WeWe
YouYou
They They
DoesDoes
HeHe
SheShe
ItIt
The adjective is mentioned before the noun:They use a modern computer (not ‘a computer modern’).
The ending of the adjective is always the same:
a different monitor (not ‘differents’). The adjectives are much used in the following form:
be (am / are / was etc.) + adjectiveYou are tall. She is bright. The car is fast.The cell phone
is small.The computer is a multitask device.
We use adjectives after the verbs look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound + adjectiveYou look tired. Yes, I feel tired.Don’t use that computer. It is infected with a malicious virus.
Adverbs, tell you how something is happens or how somebody does something.The file is downloaded slowly. Windows works reliably.Your English is improving quickly.
Usually, one must add (ly) to an adjective to get a corresponding
adverb.quick quickly, slow slowly, bad badly, reliable
reliably
Some adverbs have a form different from the adjective of the similar meaning.good well
Can you feel the difference?
I have a quick computer. My computer is operating quickly.
Study carefully the following examples:The price of her computer is 800$. The price of his computer is 900$.Her computer is cheaper. His computer is more expensive.
It is possible to use (than) after comparison
Her computer is cheaper than his computer.His computer is more expensive than hers.Notes the difference between the two examples (his computer) and (hers).
One should add (–er) to short words of one syllable.
old older fast faster small smallerslow slower big bigger
One should add the word (more) before words that are longer than one syllable.careful more careful polite more politeexpensive more expensivecomplicated more complicated
We use (more than) and (less than) to give a mere judgment:A: Your computer cost 500$. B: No, more than that.I have more problems than you.
For a more precise judgment we use the words (a bit / much)I am a bit taller than you. Our car is much better than their car.My computer is much more expensive than yours.
When comparing many items, the one that stands farthest is usually marked in a superlative form. Usually, it is possible to obtain this form by adding (est) or most, and a (the) article must come before the word;old the oldestcheap the cheapestnice the nicest careful the most carefulinteresting the most interesting
There are several rules regarding the word order if we follow them, our sentenced will be correct from the grammar point of view.
verb + object, study the examples:He speaks English very well. (not ‘very well English’).Did you watch TV all evening? (not ‘watch all evening
TV’).Paul often wears a black hat. (not ‘wears often’).
If there is information regarding place and time, the
order should be first place and only than time, for example:Ann walks to school everyday. (not ‘everyday to school’).I usually go to bed early. (not ‘early to bed’).