Elektronika Daya Kuliah Ke 1

5/28/2018 Elektronika Daya Kuliah Ke 1

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Elektronika Daya

Pekik Argo Dahono


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Elektronika Daya

Disiplin ilmu yang mempelajari penggunaan teknologielektronika dalam konversi energi (daya) elektrik.

Mengapa energi (daya) elektrik perlu dikonversikan?

Hampir semua peralatan listrik bekerja kurangefisien atau tidak bisa bekerja pada sumber energi(daya) elektrik yang tersedia.

Banyak pembangkit energi (daya) elektriknonkonvensional mempunyai bentuk yang tidakkompatibel dengan sumber energi (daya) elektriklainnya.

2P. A. Dahono -- Elektronika Daya


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Konverter Daya

dayaKonverter Beban

Pengendali

masukanDaya keluaranDaya

PengukuranPengukuran

Acuan



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Klasifikasi Konverter Daya

Konverter DC-ke-DC (Chopper)

Konverter AC-ke-DC (Penyearah)

Konverter DC-ke-AC (Inverter)

Konverter AC-ke-AC (Cycloconverter/Matrix)



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Konverter Sinyal dan Daya

SinyalKonverter

masukSinyal keluarSinyal

masukDaya

DayaKonverter

masukDaya keluarDaya

masukSinyal


Efficiency is the key


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Regulator tegangan

iV

oV

oI

oR

1R

2R

iV

oV

oI

oR

vR


Efficiency is very low

No ripples on the input and output sides


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Switching Regulator

iV oV

oIiI

Load

ONT

sT

0

iV

0

0

oV

oI

iI

i

s

ONo V

T

TV


Efficiency is very highRipples on the input and output sides


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Linear and Switching Power Supplies


Linear

Switching


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Switching Mode Power Supplies

Advantages:

High efficient and small size

DC filter capacitor is working at high voltage(Energy stored is high)

The reactive component requirements are small.

Disadvantages: Control is more complicated

EMC problems



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Power Supply Comparison

Power Density Efficiency

Linear Power

Supply


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Power Electronic Applications

in Power Generation Excitation system

Automatic Voltage Regulator

Variable Speed Power Generation (Hydro,

Wind, Microturbine gas)

Power Conditioners for Renewable Power

Generation (Fuel cells, solar cells)

Energy Storage



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Excitation System in Brushless AC Generator

1D

2D

3D

4D

5D

6D

Rotor

Stator

Exciter generatorMain



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Renewable Energy System

Energy Storages

Micro Hydro Electric Power

AC/DC

Fuel

Cells

Fuel Cells

Exhaust

Fuel

Generatr

AC/DC

Solar Cells

Fuel Cells Modules

BUSDC

Utilitas

DC/AC

DC/DC DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/AC

AC Loads



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Rote Island Hybrid Power System

P. A. Dahono -- Elektronika Daya 14


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Power Electronic Applications in

Power Transmission High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission

Static VAR Compensators

Series Compensation

Phase Shifters

Dynamic Braking Flexible AC Transmission System

High-Speed Circuit Breakers



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Static VAR Compensator

Improving power factor

Reducing voltage drop and losses

Increasing maximum power transfer

Improving damping factor



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HVDC Transmission System

LineDC

System

AC

System

AC

ConverterConverter

systemdc

terminals-Two

Asynchronous links

Suitable for long distance transmission andunderground cable transmission

Improving damping factor



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Power Distribution Static VAR Compensators

Power Conditioners

Active Filters Unified Power Conditioners

Dynamic Voltage Restorers

High-Speed Circuit Breakers

Light High-Voltage Direct-Current Distribution

Power conditioners for distributed powergeneration



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Active Filter

sourceAC

sL

si

hi

source

Harmonicse

filter

Active

fi



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Transportation Industries High-Speed Trains

Electric vehicles

Elevators

Airplanes

Ships

Unmanned vehicles



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PWM Inverter for Electric Traction

Pantograph

InverterPWM

MotorsTraction



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Shinkansen



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Electric Traction



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Electric Traction



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Diesel Electric Locomotive



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Toyota Prius



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Ford Escape



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Toyota Siena



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Honda Accord



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Hybrid Vehicles


parallel

Split

Series


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Industries Rolling mills

Variable speed pump systems

Cement kilns

Rolling ball mills

Robotics

Electrolysis



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Variable Speed Drive Applications

PUMP

MOTOR

STARTER

MOTORIZED

VALVE

SET-POINT

CONTROLLER

SENSOR

FLOW

REFERENCE

PUMP

MOTORSENSOR

FLOW

REFERENCE

CONTROLLER

SET-POINTCONTROLLER

VSD

Fixed Speed



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Variable Speed Drives

3

MotorAC

outv

sourceAC

rectifier

edUncontroll

capacitor

Smoothing

inverterPWM

3

MotorAC

outv

sourceAC

rectifier

Controlled

inductor

Smoothing

capacitor

Smoothing

inverter

wave-Square



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Variable Speed Pumping System

ure

Head/Press

Flow

1H

2H

1Q2Q

3H

1sticcharacteriPump

2sticcharacteriPump

1sticcharacteriPipe2sticcharacteriPipe

20

10

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700

FLOW (GPM)

INPUTKW

ADJUSTABLE SPEED

OPERATION WITH

ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTOR

VALVE OPERATION

WITH STANDARD

EFFICIENTMOTOR



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Home Appliances Microwave heating

Air conditioners

Refrigerators

Toasters

Cookers

Vacuum cleaners

Wash machines



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Information Industries DC power supplies

Distributed power supplies

Power conditioners

Uninterruptible power supplies

Battery chargers

Voltage Regulator Modules



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Is power electronics new technology?

Power electronics have been developed since thebeginning of 20th century when mercury arc andvacuum tubes technology was emerged.

Power conversion has been known for a long time byusing a combination of electrical machinery.

Power electronics development has grown very fastsince the introduction of thyristor or SCR(Semiconductor controlled rectifier) in nineteenfifties.



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Interdiciplinary nature of power electronics

theory

Control

sElectronic

systems

PowersElectronicPower

Computer

physics

state-Solid

processing

Signal theory

Circuit

machines

Electric

neticsElectromag



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Current Challenges

Voltage regulator modules for microprocessors

Embedded inverter for motor drives

Intelligent power ICs Flexible AC power transmission systems

Custom power distribution system

Unified power conditioners Renewable energy power generation system



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Microprocessor operating voltages



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Laptop Power Supply System



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Matriks saklar

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

Loadu v



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Penyearah tak terkendali

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

uvv

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

Loadu v



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Penyearah terkendali

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

uvv

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

Loadu v


AC l


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AC regulator

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

Loadu v

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

uvv



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Phase-Controlled AC-AC Cycloconverter

Beban

ie ov

1S 3S

2S 4S

ie

4&1 SS

3&2 SS

ovt

t

t

t

componentlFundamenta



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Konverter DC-ke-DC

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

uvv

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

Loadu v



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Inverter PWM

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

uvv

iV

1S

2S

3S

4S

Loadu v



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Understanding Power Electronic Circuits

Consider all power semiconductor switches as

ideal switches

Ideal switches have no voltage drop, no leakagecurrent, and transition times are zero.

Practical considerations are given in detailed

design.

Background on signal electronics is useful to

understand power electronics.



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The End

P A Dahono -- Elektronika Daya 50

Elektronika Daya Kuliah Ke 1

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