DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING BE (E & C) Syllabus of III – VIII Semester – 2007 and later

ODD SEMESTER EVEN SEMESTER

Subject Code Subject. Name L T P C Subject Code Subject Name L T P C

Engineering Maths Electronic Circuits-I Network Analysis Logic Design Electro Magnetic Waves Signals and Systems Electronic Devices & Circuits Lab Digital Electronics Lab.

3 3 2 3 3 3 0 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3

4 4 3 4 4 4 1 1

Engineering Maths Electronic Circuits-II Integrated Circuits Systems Digital Design & HDL Antennas Computer Organisation & Architecture Electronic Circuit Design Lab Signals & Circuits simulation Lab

3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1

SEC

ON

D Y

EA

R MAT-ECE-201

ECE-201 ECE-203 ECE-205 ECE-207 ECE-209 ECE-211 ECE-213

Total 17 6 6 25

MAT-ECE-202 ECE-202 ECE-204 ECE-206 ECE-208 ECE-210 ECE-212 ECE-214

Total 18 6 6 26 Analog Communication Digital Signal Processing Linear and Digital Control Systems Microprocessors VLSI Design Advanced Object Oriented Programming Object Oriented Programming Lab VLSI Lab Microprocessor Lab

3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1

Essentials of Management Digital Communication Microwave Components & Devices Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems Elective-I Elective-II Microcontroller Lab Basic Communication Lab Digital Signal Processing Lab

3 3 3 3 2 2 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 3 3 1 1 1 T

HIR

D Y

EA

R

ECE-301 ECE-303 ECE-305 ECE-307 ECE-309 ECE-311 ECE-313 ECE-315 ECE-317

Total 18 6 9 27

HUM-302 ECE-302 ECE-304 ECE-306 ECE-308 ECE-310 ECE-312 ECE-314 ECE-316

Total 16 6 9 25 Computer Networks Communication Systems Power Electronics Elective-III Elective-IV Elective - V Advanced Communication Lab Power Electronics Lab

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1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3

4 4 4 3 3 3 1 1

Industrial Training Seminar Project work

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0 0 0

3 3

36

1 1

20

FOU

RT

H Y

EA

R ECE-401

ECE-403 ECE-405 ECE-407 ECE-409 ECE-411 ECE-413 ECE-415

Total 15 6 6 23

ECE-402 ECE-404 ECE-499

Total 0 0 42 22 NOTE: L (Lecture Hours per Week); T ( Tutorial Hours per Week); P (Practical Hours per Week); C (Credits)

ELECTIVE SUBJECTS FOR SIXTH SEMESTER:

ELECTIVE – I ELECTIVE – II ECE 308.1 Advanced Digital Signal Processing 310.1 Cipher System ECE 308.2 Electronic System Design 310.2 Information Theory and Coding ECE 308.3 ASIC Design 310.3 Error Control Coding ECE 308.4 VLSI/ULSI Process Technology 310.4 Applied Linear Algebra ECE 308.5 Optical Fiber Communication 310.5 Digital Measurement Techniques 310.6 Advanced Broadcasting & Display

Technology

ELECTIVE SUBJECTS FOR SEVENTH SEMESTER:

ELECTIVE-III ELECTIVE-IV

ECE-407.1 Neural Network & Fuzzy Logic ECE-409.1 Mobile Communication ECE-407.2 Wavelets ECE-409.2 Spread Spectrum Communication ECE-407.3 MEMS Technology ECE-409.3 Microwave Integrated Circuits ECE-407.4 Operational Research ECE-409.4 Reliability & Assurance Science ECE-407.5 Storage Devices Technology ECE-409.5 Data Communication & Networking ELECTIVE-V ECE-411.1 Digital Speech Processing ECE-411.2 Analog & Mixed Signal Design ECE-411.3 Digital Image Processing ECE-411.4 System on Chip Design ECE-411.5 Materials Science for Micro & Nano Electronics

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I/II Semester

ECE-101/102 BASIC ELECTRONICS [3-1-0-4] Total number of lectures: 48 INTRODUCTION TO SEMI CONDUCTOR THEORY: Energy bands, conduction in solids, classification of materials based on energy band theory. Semiconductor doping, effects of heat and light. Drift and diffusion current. [5] PN-JUNCTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS: The PN junction characteristics, diode equation (no derivation) PN junction as a rectifier. Half wave, full wave and bridge rectifier circuits, derivation of expression for Vdc, Idc and ripple factor. Need for filters, operation of capacitor filter with expression for ripple factor. [9] ZENER DIODE: Zener and Avalanche break-down, characteristics, basic zener voltage regulator. [3] WORKING OF BIPOLOR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR: Input and output volt-ampere characteristics of BJT in CB and CE configurations, Relationship between α and β , Qualitative treatment of transistor as an amplifier Operating point selection, Biasing of transistor. The different methods of coupling, two-stage RC coupled amplifier, frequency response characteristics. [9] OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER: Ideal characteristics, OP-AMP µA 741, its typical characteristics, Common mode gain, Differential gain, CMRR Application of OP-AMP as inverting amplifier, Non-inverting amplifier, adder, integrator, differentiator, voltage follower and comparator. [6] INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Basic Block diagram of communication systems, modulation, need for modulation Amplitude modulation, expression for AM and its waveform. Frequency modulation, expression for FM and its waveform, comparison between AM and FM. [6]

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DIGITAL ELECTRONICS: Number systems, binary, octal, BCD and hexadecimal representation, number base conversion. Addition and subtraction using 2’s compliment method Binary logic, Boolean algebra, DeMorgan’s laws, Venn diagram. Basic gates and universal gate implementation (using discrete components). Half adder and Full adder Memory element (S-R flip flop and D flip flop), shift register and basic counter. Introduction to Microprocessor (block Schematic) [10] References: 1. MILLMAN & HALKIAS (1971) “Integrated Electronics”, TMH Delhi. 2. GEORGE KENNEDY (1996)“Electronic Communication systems”, TMH,Delhi. 3. M.MANO (1991)“Digital Design”, PHI New Delhi. 4. BOYLSTED & NASHELSKY (1993) “Electronic devices and circuits” PHI Delhi..

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III SEMESTER MAT-ECE- 201 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS [3 - 1 - 0 - 4] Fourier series, periodic functions. Euler’s formulae. Fourier series of odd & even functions and function with arbitrary period. Half range expansions. 8 Hrs.

Partial differential equations, basic concepts, solutions of equations involving derivatives with respect to one variable only. Solution by indicated transformations and separation of variables derivation of one dimensional wave equation (Vibrating String) and its solution by using method of separation of variables. Simple problems. D’Alemberts solution of wave equation. Derivation of one dimensional heat equation using Gauss divergence theorem and solution of one dimensional heat equation. Solution by separation of variables. 12 Hrs. Vector calculus- gradient divergence and curl, their physical meaning and identities. Line, surface and volume integrals. Simple problems - Green's theorem, divergence and Stoke's theorems - simple applications. Curvilinear co-ordinates. 10 Hrs. Functions of complex variables, continuity, differentiability, analyticity, Cauchy-Reimann equations and properties of analytic functions. Line integrals in complex plane and basic properties Cauchy’s theorem. Cauchy’s integral formula, derivatives of analytic functions. 12 Hrs.

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Taylor, Maclaurin and Laurent series. Residue theorem-– Evaluation of standard real integrals using contour integration. Conformal mapping, bilinear transformations and its properties. The mappings defined by ez, z2, sinz, cosz, logz, z + (1/z). 8 Hrs.

References: 1. B.S.Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics. 2. E.Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 3. Murray R.Spiegel, Vector Analysis, Schaum Publishing Co. ECE-201 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS – I [3 - 1 - 0 - 4] Junction diode characteristics: Open-circuited p-n junction, p-n junction as a rectifier, current components in a p-n diode, V/I characteristic, diode resistance, Transition capacitance, diffusion capacitance, junction-diode switching times. 6 Hrs. Special purpose diodes: Varactor diode, Tunnel diode, photo diode and their characteristics – has been taken care in basic electronics. 3 Hrs. Diode Circuits: Voltage multipliers, diode clippers and clampers 5 Hrs. BJT Characteristics and biasing: Open-circuited transistor, Transistor biased in the active region, Transistor current components, Transistor as an amplifier, BJT characteristics (CE and CB), CE cut off region, CE saturation region, Base width modulation, Fixed bias and self bias circuits, stability factors. 6 Hrs. Transistor at low frequencies: h-parameters, conversion formulas for the h parameters of CE, CB and CC configurations, Analysis of a transistor amplifier using h parameters, Emitter follower, comparison of CE, CB, CC configurations, Analysis of CE, CB, CC configuration using simplified hybrid model, high input-resistance transistor circuits. 9 Hrs.

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Transistor at high frequencies: Hybrid - π CE transistor model, CE short circuit current gain, CE amplifier with load. 4 Hrs. Multistage amplifiers: Distortion in amplifiers, Frequency response of an amplifier, bandwidth of cascaded amplifiers, low frequency response of an RC coupled stage, effect of coupling and emitter by-pass capacitor on low frequency response. 5 Hrs. Regulated power supplies using BJT: Series voltage regulator, Series regulator with Pre regulator and short circuit protection circuits, shunt regulators. Analysis and design of linear series voltage regulators using 78XX and 79XX series, LM317, LM337, 723 ICs 6 Hrs. FET characteristics and biasing: JFET and MOSFET characteristics, Analysis of low frequency CS and CD amplifiers, FET biasing. 6 Hrs. References: 1. J.Millman & C.C.Halkias , Integrated Electronics, TMH edition. 2. R.L.Boylestad & L.Nashelsky , Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, PHI edition. 3. A.P.Malvino , Electronic Principles, GMH edition. 4. A.S.Sedra & K.C Smith , Microelectronics, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press.

ECE-203 NETWORK ANALYSIS [3-1-0-3] Conventions for describing Networks: Reference directions for current and voltage, active element conventions, coupled circuits. 2 hrs.

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Network equations: Kirchoff’s Laws, nodal and loop analysis of networks, duality, source transformations, network reduction using star-delta transformations. 5 hrs. Network Theorems: Superposition, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, maximum power transfer and Miller’s theorems 6 hrs. Resonant circuits: Series and parallel resonant circuits, frequency response, Q-factor and bandwidth of series and parallel resonant circuits 4 hrs. First order and higher order differential equations: General and particular solutions of RL, RC and RLC circuits. 6 hrs. Initial conditions in networks: Behavior of circuit elements under switching condition and their representation. Evaluation of initial and final conditions in RL, RC and RLC circuits for AC and DC exicitations. 7 hrs. Laplace transformation and its applications: Definition, Basic theorems in Laplace transformation, properties of Laplace transforms, inverse Laplace transform, partial fraction expansion, initial and final value theorems, shifting theorems, step, ramp and impulse functions, delayed functions, solution of RL, RC and RLC networks using Laplace transformation method, Laplace transform of periodic and non-periodic signals. 8 hrs. Two-port parameters: Open circuit impedance parameters, short circuit admittance parameters, transmission parameters, hybrid parameters, relationship between two port parameters, parallel connection of two-port networks, series connection of two port-networks, cascade connection of two port networks. 7 hrs. Network functions, poles and zeros: Network functions for one port and two port networks, Calculation of network functions, poles and zeros of network functions. 5 hrs.

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References:

1. Network Analysis, M.E. Van Valkenburg 2. Electric circuits, Joseph Edminister: Schaum’s series, McGraw Hill 3. Network Analysis and Synthesis, Franklin F. Kuo.

ECE-205 LOGIC DESIGN [3 - 1 - 0 - 4]

Number Systems and Codes: Positional number systems, Representation of negative numbers, Binary arithmetic codes, Binary arithmetic, BCD arithmetic, Excess-3 arithmetic, Floating point representation. 4 Hrs Digital Circuits: Switching algebra & simplification of Boolean expressions. DeMorgan’s Theorem. Implementations of Boolean expressions using logic gates 3Hrs. Combinational Logic Design: Combinational circuit analysis, Combinational circuit synthesis, Minimization methods such as Karnaugh map, VEM and Quine Mcclauskey methods. Timing issues, Hazards, Design of code convertors, Arithmetic circuits. Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Encoders, Decoders & Comparators, Combinational circuit design using MSI and LSI chips. 12 Hrs Introduction to Sequential Logic: Need for sequential circuits, Binary cell, Latches and flip-flops. RS, D , JK ,Master-Slave JK & TFF’s. 5 Hrs Synchronous Sequential Circuit Design Synchronous and Asynchronous Counters, Shift registers & Ring counters, (qualitative treatment) Fundamentals of Synchronous Sequential circuits, Classification of synchronous machines, clocking aspects concerning flip-flops, Timing and triggering conditions, clock skew. Analysis of Synchronous Sequential circuits, Design of synchronous sequential machines. State diagram, State reduction and minimization. Minimizing next-state and output decoders. Design of single and multi-mode counters, Sequence detectors Ring counters, Shift registers, and sequence generators. 20 Hrs

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Asynchronous Sequential Finite State Machines: Fundamentals of Asynchronous Sequential circuits. Analysis and design of Asynchronous Sequential circuits. Fundamental-mode and pulse-mode Circuits. Cycles, Races and Hazards. MEV approach to Asynchronous design 6 Hrs References: 1. Donald D.Givone, Digital Principles and Design, TMH 2002. 2. M.Morris Mano, Digital Design , Second Edition, PHI 2000. 3. Fletcher, Engg Approach to Digital Design, PHI 1993. 4. C.H.Roth, Fundamentals of Logic Design, 5th Edition, Thomson 2004. 5. Zve Kohavi, Switching and Finite Automata Theory. ECE-207 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. [3 - 1 - 0 - 4] Review of Vector analysis: Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical co-ordinate systems. 4 Hrs Electrostatics: Coulomb's law and its applications; Electric field intensity and Electrostatic potential due to point charges, line charge, surface charge and volume charge distribution. Electric flux and electric flux density; gauss's law and its applications; Divergence and Gauss divergence theorem, Ohm's law, continuity equations and relaxation time; Capacitance, capacitance of coaxial cable, two-wire transmission lines etc; energy and energy density in electrostatic fields; boundary conditions: dielectric-dielectric, dielectric-conductor. Poisson's and Laplace's equations: solution to Laplace's equations for problems of one dimension. 16 Hrs Magnetostatics: Magnetic field intensity, Biot-Savart's law; magnetic flux and magnetic flux density; Ampere's law and its applications; Stoke's theorem, scalar and vector magnetic potentials; Boundary conditions; Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, motional induction in a conductor; Torque on a conductor; Self and Mutual inductance; Energy and energy density in a magnetic field. 10 Hrs Electromagnetic Waves :

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Maxwell's equations in integral and point form for free space and material media, for sinusoidal time-varying fields; Electric and Magnetic Wave equations and their solutions; Uniform plane wave propagation in various media; relation between electric and magnetic fields; characteristics of plane waves in various media; Poyinting vector and complex Poyinting vector theorem, instantaneous and average energy in plane waves. 10 Hrs Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves: Normal incidence of plane waves from dielectric-dielectric and dielectric- conductor medium; Transmission and reflection coefficients and Standing wave ratio; Oblique incidence of plane waves, Brewster’s angle, total reflection. Wave polarization 10 Hrs

References:

1. Jr.Hayt and Bucker, Engineering Electromagnetics,, 7th Edition , McGraw Hill. 2. Martin A Plonus Applied Electromagnetics, McGraw Hill 3. John D Kraus, Electromagnetics, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill 4. Cheng, Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics, 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley. 5. Ramo, Whinnery and Duzer, Fields and Waves in Electromagnetic systems,. 6. Jordan and Balmain, Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems, EE Edition 7. Sadiku, Elements of Electro Magnetics , 3rd Edition, Oxford university 8. B.Guru & H.Hiziroglu, Electromagnetics Field Theory Fundamentals,2nd Edition, Cambridge university Press. 9. N.N Rao, Elements of Electromagnetics, VI Edn., Pearson Publishers, New Delhi.

ECE-209 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS [3-1-0-4]

Introduction: Definitions, Over view of specific systems, Classification of signals, Basic operations on signals, Elementary signals, Systems viewed as interconnections of operations, properties of systems. 9 hrs. Time domain representations for Linear time-invariant systems: Introduction, Convolution: Impulse response representation for LTI systems, properties of the impulse response representation for LTI systems, Differential and difference equation representations for LTI systems, Block diagram representations. 10 hrs. Fourier representations for signals: Introduction, Discrete-time periodic signals:

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The discrete-time fourier series, continuous-time periodic signals: The Fourier series, Discrete-time non-periodic signals: The discrete-time fourier transform, continuous-time non-periodic signals: The fourier transform, properties of Fourier representations. 12 hrs. Applications of Fourier representations: Introduction, Frequency response of LTI systems, Fourier transform representations for periodic signals, convolution and modulation with mixed signal classes, Fourier transform representation for discrete-time signals, sampling, Reconstruction of continuous-time signals from samples, Discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals. 10 hrs. Z-Transform: Introduction, The Z-transform, properties of the Region of convergence, Properties of the Z-Transform, Inversion of the Z-Transform, Transform analysis of LTI systems, The unilateral Z-Transform. 9 hrs. References:

1. ‘Signals and Systems’ by Simon Haykin & Barry Van Veen, John Wiley. 2. ‘Signals and Systems’ by A.V.Oppenheim & A.S.Willsky, PHI.

ECE-211 ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS LAB [0-0-3-1]

1. Characteristics of Zener diode, Zener voltage regulator. 2. Design and performance characteristics of Half wave, Full wave and Bridge rectifiers without filter and with capacitor filter. 3. Determination of h-parameters using static characteristics of a transistor in CE and CB mode. 4. Static characteristics of FET, parameter calculations 5. Characteristics of UJT, calculation of intrinsic stand off ratio. 6. Static characteristics of JFET, parameter calculations. 7. Characteristics of LDR and photo transistor. 8. Verification of Thevenin’s, Norton’s and Maximum power transfer theorems. 9. Characteristics of series and parallel resonance circuits 10. Design and performance characteristics of

i) R-C coupled amplifier ii) Emitter follower.

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ECE – 213 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB [0-0-3-1] 1. Simplification, realization of Boolean expressions using logic gates/universal gates. 2. Code converter circuits. 3. Adder/ Subtractor circuits using logic gates & MSI Circuits 4. Magnitude comparators & Parity generators/checkers. 5. Multiplexers 6. Encoders, Decoders and Demultiplexers 7. Flip flops and ripple counters 8. Synchronous counters. 9. Shift registers & ring counters 10. Sequence detectors and sequence generators.

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IV SEMESTER MAT-ECE- 202 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS [3 - 1 - 0 – 4] Introduction to probability, finite sample spaces, conditional probability and independence, Baye’s theorem, one dimensional random variable, mean, variance, Chebyshev’s inequality. 10 Hrs. Two and higher dimensional random variables, covariance, correlation coefficient, regression, least squares principles of curve fitting. 8 Hrs.

Distributions: Binomial, Poisson, uniform, normal, gamma, Chi-square and exponential, simple problems. 8 Hrs.

Fourier Transforms and z-transforms, solution of difference equations using z-transforms - Fourier transforms, Fourier sine and cosine transforms, Parseval’s identity, convolution theorem, solution of boundary value problems by Fourier Transforms. 10 Hrs.

Interpolation and application – finite differences – Newton’s and Lagrange’s Interpolation formulae – Inverse interpolation – Numerical differentiation – Numerical integration .Trapezoidal and Simpon’s rules – Difference equations with constant coefficients, solutions.

Solution of system of Linear equations. Gauss-Jacobi, Gauss –Seidal and relaxation methods Eigen value problems - Power method of evaluations of largest Eigen value. 14 Hrs.

References:

1. P.L.Meyer, Introduction to probability and Statistical Applications , Second Edn., American Publishing Co., 1979. 2. S.S.Sastry, Introductory methods of Numerical analysis. 2nd edn., Prentice Hall 1990 3. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 5th edn., Wiley Eastern, 1985 4. A.V.Oppenheim & R.W.Schafer, Digital Signal Processing edn.1975, Prentice Hall 5. Hogg & Craig, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 4th Edn., Macmillan, 1975

6. S.M.Ross, Introduction to probability and statistics for Engineers and Scientists, Wiley International , 1987

7. K.S.Trivedi, Probability and Statistics, Prentice Hall, 1982

8. B.S.Grewal, Higher Engg. Mathematics, Khanna Publishers 1989,

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ECE-202 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS-II [3 - 1 - 0 - 4] Feedback amplifiers using BJT and FET: Concept of feedback, types of feedback – their advantages and disadvantages, effect of feedback on frequency response & impedances, Analysis of voltage-series, voltage-shunt, current series & current-shunt feedback amplifiers. 10 Hrs. Oscillators using FET: Barkhausen criterion, conditions for sustained oscillations – RC phase shift, Colpitt’s and Hartley, Wein bridge oscillators – Analysis & design – pierce crystal oscillator. 6 Hrs. Tuned amplifiers: Introduction, analysis and design of single tuned amplifiers, double tuned and stagger tuned amplifiers, design and analysis of class-C tuned amplifier, Frequency translators & mixers 8 Hrs. Power amplifiers: Classification of large signal amplifiers, Analysis and design with respect to efficiency, linearity and harmonic distortions of class A, class B and AB push-pull amplifiers. IC power amplifiers. 6 Hrs. Linear wave shaping: RC & RL circuits – their response to step, pulse, square wave, ramp and exponential inputs, compensated attenuators. 6 Hrs. Multivibrators: Design and analysis of collector-coupled bistable, monostable & astable multivibrator circuits. 6 Hrs. Sweep Circuits: Sweep parameters, exponential sweep circuit, Miller & Bootstrap circuits. 4 Hrs.

Introduction to switched capacitor Filters 4 Hrs References:

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1. J.Millman & C.C Halkias , Integrated Electronics, TMH. 2. Paul M.Chirlian , Analysis and Design of Integrated Electronic Circuits ,John Wiley. 3. D.Roddy & J.Coolen , Electronic Communications , PHI. 4. J.Millman & H.Taub , Pulse, digital and switching waveforms , TMH. 5. I.J.Nagarath , Electronics-Analog & Digital , PHI. 6. David A.Bell , Electronic devices & Circuits , PHI. 7. Sedra and Smith, Micro Electronic Circuits, 5th Edition, Oxford University.

ECE-204 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SYSTEMS [3-1-0-4] Operational Amplifier: Basic block diagram of operational amplifier. 2Hr. Differential Amplifier: Types of differential amplifier, analysis using block diagram, characteristics of differential amplifier, analysis of emitter coupled differential amplifier using small signal hybrid model, methods of improving common mode rejection ratio using constant current source and current mirror circuits, current repeaters and active load. 6 Hrs. Level shifter, output stage and op.amp. parameters : Circuit operation and analysis of level shifter and output stage of an operational amplifier; transfer characteristics of op.amp, measurement of operational amplifier parameters. 2 Hrs. Linear applications of operational amplifier: Characteristics of ideal operational amplifier, open loop and closed loop operation of operational amplifier, Inverting amplifier, non inverting amplifier, input resistance, output resistance and band width; sign changer, scale changer, summing amplifier, adder, voltage follower, integrator, differentiator, voltage to current converter, current to voltage converter, difference amplifier, instrumentation amplifier and bridge amplifier. 8 Hrs. Active filters: Design and analysis of first and higher order low pass, high pass, band pass (wide and narrow band) and band elimination (wide and narrow band) and all pass active filters. 6 Hrs.

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Non-linear applications of operational amplifier: Precision half wave and full wave rectifiers, peak detector, sample and hold circuit, log and antilog amplifiers, analog multipliers and dividers, comparators, window detector, Schmitt trigger, square wave, triangular wave generators and pulse generator. 8 Hrs. Timer: Introduction, pin details of 555 I.C., functional diagram of 555 IC, astable multivibrator, positive and negative edge triggered monostable multivibrator, linear ramp generator and FSK generator. 4 Hrs. Data converters: Principles of digital to analog converter (DAC) and analog to digital converters (ADC), binary weighted, R-2R digital to analog converters, flash type, successive approximation type, counter type and servo tracking type and dual slope analog to digital converters, specifications of ADC and DAC. 6 Hrs. Phase-locked loops: Functional diagram of voltage controlled oscillator - 566 I.C. and its analysis. Operating principle of PLL, study of IC 565, circuit analysis of phase detector. Definition and derivation for free running frequency, lock range and capture range. Applications of PLL as frequency multiplier, frequency divider, AM and FM demodulation and FSK demodulation. 5 Hrs. IC logic families: Logic families and their characteristics, TTL logic, open collector, totem pole and tristate outputs. 3 Hrs. References:

1. Ramakant A. Gayakwad, Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits 2. D. Roy Choudhury, Shail B. Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits. 3. Jacob Millman, Microelectronics:Digital and analog circuits and systems, McGraw Hill. 4. Anand Kumar, Fundamental of digital circuits.

ECE-206 DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN AND HDL [3 - 1 - 0 - 4] Digital system design implementation options:

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Digital System implementation using MSI/LSI circuits like ROMs, PROMs, PLDs, PLAs, PALs. Full-custom, semi-custom, standard cell based, Programmable ASICs – PLDs, CPLDs, MPGAs, FPGAs. 6 Hrs FPGAs: ACTEL, XILINX, ALTERA logic families-architecture, logic module, switching technology, I/O cells, Programmable interconnect. Design flow for different design styles(full-custom, MPGA, FPGA 8 Hrs Simulation and Digital testing: Simulation hierarchy, static timing analysis, delay models. Testing combinational circuits: stuck-at fault models, path sensitization algorithm, D algorithm, Boolean difference method, PODEM. Testing sequential circuits: sequential test methods, iterative test generator, nine-value iterative test generator, critical path etc. Design-for-test(DFT) methods: DFT guidelines for combinational circuits, other DFT methods like scan path, BILBO, Boundary scan etc. 12 Hrs Digital System Modeling: Y-chart, Different domains and levels of abstractions, Types of synthesis, steps involved in synthesis, Digital modeling using HDLs. 2 Hrs VHDL: VHDL modeling concepts-syntax, entities and architectures, object types Data types: scalar data types, composite data types, access data types, file data types, subtypes. Delay and delay models. Behavioral modeling. Sequential modeling: process statement, sequential statements-if, case, loop, next, exit, assert, wait, null etc. Subprograms, Packages and use clauses, Components and Configurations, Guards and Blocks, pre-defined and user defined attributes, VHDL standards. Writing test benches, Typical case studies. 20 Hrs Verilog: Verilog v/s VHDL, Brief introduction to behavioral and structural Verilog modeling 2 Hrs Note: The theory must be supported by laboratory, demonstration and assignments. References:

1. William.I.Fletcher , An Engineering approach to digital design .PHI, 1996.

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2. M.J.S.Smith Application Specific ICs, Addison Wesley, 1997. 3. Alexander Miczo , Digital logic testing and simulation , John Wiley & Sons, 1987. 4. C.H.Roth , Digital System Design using VHDL , PWS, 1998. 5. Peter Ashenden , The Designers Guide to VHDL , 1996. 6. Douglas Perry , VHDL , McGraw Hill International, 1998. 7. J.Bhaskar , VHDL Primer , 3rd edition, Addison Wesley Longman Singapore Pvt Ltd. 8. Samir Palnitkar , Verilog HDL , Pearson Education Asia, 2001.

ECE-208 ANTENNAS [3 - 1 - 0 - 4] Introduction: Types of Antennas, Radiation Mechanism, current distribution. 03 Hrs. Fundamentals: Radiation pattern, power density and intensity, Directivity Gain, efficiency, HPBW, input impedance, Radiation efficiency, effective area, Antenna Temperature. 10 Hrs. Vector potentials: Electric and magnetic vector potentials, solutions for wave equations, far-field radiation, Duality theorem, Reciprocity theorem. 05 Hrs. Linear wire Antennas: Infinite signal, small and finite dipole Antennas, Region separation, Half wave length dipole, Image theory. 07 Hrs. Loop Antennas: Small circular loop Antenna, circular loop with constant current, Ferrite loop. 04 Hrs. Arrays: Two element array, N-element array – uniform, broadside, ordinary end-fire, Non-uniform Amplitude Arrays, planar and circular arrays. 8 Hrs.

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Study of other types of Antennas: Qualitative study of Folded dipole, long wire, V, Rhombic, Helical, Yagi-Uda, log-periodic, Aperture, and horn Antennas, Babinet’s principle, Huygens’s principle. Micro strip antennas 05 Hrs. Antenna measurements: Radiation pattern, input impedance, directivity, radiation resistance etc. 04 Hrs Propagation of EM waves: Ground wave, line of sight, Tropospheric and ionosphric propagation 04 Hrs References:

1. Constantine A.Balanis, Antenna Theory, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Ed. 2. John Kraus, Antennas, McGraw – Hill, Publishers, 3. Jordan and Balmain Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, Eastern Economy Edition 4. Termen, Radio Engineering, McGraw – Hill, Publishers

ECE-210 COMPUTER ORGANISATION AND ARCHITECTURE [3-1-0-3] Evolution of Computers: A broad overview of architecture of typical computers belonging to 1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th generation, Accumulator based – General Register machines and stack oriented machines. 03 Hrs Computer Instruction Set: Instruction formats – Polish and Reverse polish notations, Opcode Encoding techniques, Instruction types and addressing modes. 04 Hrs Execution Unit :: Basic ALU Organization, General Register design-Combinational shifter design-Barrel shifter design-Adders-ALU design-concept of bit slice processor – Peripheral Arithmetic processors – Coprocessors. 06 Hrs

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Computer Arithmetic: Integer representation-Integer arithmetic-Multiplication of unsigned and signed integers- Booths Algorithm – Division of unsigned integers – floating point representation and floating point arithmetic – BCD arithmetic 10 Hrs System Software: Language translators, Assemblers-Compilers-Interpreters, Linkers-Loaders-Text editors and formatters, Operating systems. 02 Hrs Control Unit:

Basic concepts-Bus structures – Hard wired control units – Micro program control design- Control unit organization-Examples of microprogrammed computers – Control memory optimization ,. 07 Hrs

Memory Organization: Characteristics of memory systems – RAM, ROM and flash memories – Main memory design – Memory hierarchy – cache memory – Associative memory –virtual memory and Memory management concept. 10Hrs Input/output Organization: Basic concept – Programmed I/O - Memory mapped I/0- Interrupt driven I/0 ,Direct Memory Access. 04 Hrs Parallel Processing: Basic concepts, Flynn’s classification and structural classification, Performance considerations, Principles of pipelining-structures, Array processors-Multiprocessors – Data flow computers – Vector processors -General concept of RISC. 04 Hrs References:

1. M.Raffiquzzaman & Raja Chandra-Modern Computer Architecture, Galgotia publications, New Delhi 1995. 2. William Stallings – Computer Organization and Architecture, 7th Edition. Prentice Hall, India 3. V.Carl Hamacher, Z.Vranesic & S.Zaky-Computer Organization, McGraw Hill International Edition, Computer Science series 4. Harold S.Stone, Computer architecture, Science research associates, Chicago 1980. 5. Tanenbaum A.S, Structured computer organization, Prentice Hall

Engelwood Cliffs, N.J.1984. 6. David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design,

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3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers ECE-212 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS & DESIGN LAB. [0-0-3-1] 1. Design and performance characteristics of

i) FET Darlington emitter follower ii) FET Voltage series feedback amplifier iii) Single tuned amplifier

2. Class B and class AB push-pull amplifier design, characteristics, efficiency calculation. 3. Design and study of i) Crystal oscillator using BJT. (ii) Hartley/Colpitt’s oscillator using FET. 4. Clipping/clamping circuits using diodes. 5. Application of Opamp as i) inverting amplifier (ii)Non-inverting amplifier (iii) Summer (iv) Voltage follower (v) Integrator (vi) Differentiator 6. Design and study of series regulator using OPAMP. 7. Analysis and design of (i) Astable multivibrator using OPAMP (ii) Monostable multivibrator using OPAMP (iii) Schmitt trigger 8. Full wave precision rectifier using OPAMP 9. Design and study of regulator using 78XX and 723 ICs 10. Design and study of Astable multivibrator and Monostable multivibrator circuits using 555 timer. ECE-214 SIGNALS AND CIRCUIT SIMULATION LAB. [0-0-3-1] Introduction to Pspice, MATLAB and SIMULINK. Verification of Network Theorems: KVL, KCL, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Superposition, Maximum Power Transfer, etc., for DC and AC Circuits. Resonant Circuits: R-L-C series and parallel circuits. Coupled Circuits: AC coupled circuits, rectifiers etc. Transient Behavior of circuits: R-L, R-C, R-L-C networks.

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Amplifiers and Oscillator circuits: Using BJT, OP-Amps. Signal representation and generation: impulse, step, pulse, ramp, sin, complex etc., Verification of signal properties, Convolution Transfer domain representation of signals: Fourier Transform, Z-Transform. References:

1. Simon Haykin & Van Veen , Signals & Circuits,: John Wiley. 2. Matlab Tutor, PDF file available in E&C Computer Lab. 3. Pspice A-D Reference Manual, PDF File available with PSEVAL CD. 4. M.E. Van Valkenburg , Network Analysis,: PHI 5. Franklin F.Kuo , Network Analysis And Synthesis,: John Wiley. 6. Gorden Roberts and Adel Sedra, Spice, 2nd Edn., Oxford university.

V SEMESTER ECE-301 LINEAR AND DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS [3-1-0-4]

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Block Diagrams and Signal flow graphs : Transfer function, Block Diagram ,Simplification of systems, Signal flow graphs, Gain formula, State diagram, Transfer function of discrete data systems (PTF), Zero order hold. 8 Hrs.

Systems modeling : Modeling of electrical and Mechanical Systems (translational & Rotational ), System equations, its electrical equivalent (analogous) networks. 3 Hrs.

Time Domain Analysis: Stability, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, time response for Continuous data systems, type and order of systems, Steady state error for linear Systems, Unit step response for second order systems, Root locus properties and construction. 10 Hrs. Frequency Domain Analysis : Introduction , second order prototype system, Bode diagram, Gain and Phase margins, Nyquist stability criterion. 5 Hrs. Compensators and controllers : Proportional, Integral, PI, PD and PID controllers, Lead, Lag and Lead-Lag compensators. 7 Hrs. State space representation : Stability Analysis, State transition matrix, Eigen values, Controllability and observability 4 Hrs. Digital Control systems : Stability and its tests, time response, Mapping between s-and Z- plane, Steady state error. 4 Hrs.

Process and process control, model identification, feedback and feed forward controls and control strategies, actuators. 5 Hrs Z-transform based control algorithms, PID controllers – direct digital controllers. 4 Hrs

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References : 1. S.I.Ashon , Microprocessors with applications in process control. 2. B.C.KUO, Automatic Control Systems, 7th Edition, PHI. 3. .Nagrath and Gopal , Control system engineering, PHI. 4. K.Ogata, Modern control engineering , 2nd Edition., PHI. 5. D'azzo and Houpis, Linear Control System Analysis and Design, TMH. ECE-303 ANALOG COMMUNICATION [3 - 1 - 0 - 4] Spectral analysis & random process: Review of Fourier Transform Theory, Energy, Power, Parseval’s Theorem, Spectra of signals, Cross-Correlation and Auto-correlation functions, Power and Energy spectral density. Review of Probability theory and Random Variable, Central Limit theorem, Random Process, Correlation. 14 Hrs. Noise: Introduction, Thermal Noise, Shot Noise, Equivalent Input Noise Generators and Comparison of BJT’s and FET’s, Signal to Noise ratio, S/N of a tandem connection, Noise Factor, Amplifier Noise in terms of F, Noise Factor of Amplifiers in Cascade, Noise Factor and Equivalent input Noise Generators, Noise Factor of a Lossy Network, Noise Equivalent Temperature, Narrow Band pass Noise. Introduction to communication system, Principles of Loudspeaker and Microphones 7 Hrs Amplitude modulation: Introduction, Time and Frequency domain analysis, Modulation index for Sinusoidal AM, Average power for Sinusoidal AM, Effective voltage and current for sinusoidal AM, Single tone AM, AM by several sine waves. Generation of AM using square law Modulator and switching modulator, Detection of AM using square law Detector and Envelope detector, AM transmitter and receiver, Noise in AM system. 6 Hrs Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSBSC) Modulation : Introduction, Time and Frequency domain analysis, Generation of DSBSC using balanced modulator and ring modulator, Coherent detection of DSBSC modulated waves. Noise in DSBSC system. 4 Hrs

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Single Side Band (SSB) Modulation: Introduction, Time and Frequency domain analysis, Generation of SSB using Filter method, Phase Discrimination method and Third method, Coherent detection of SSB. Noise in SSB system. Pilot carrier system. VSB modulation. 04 Hrs. Angle modulation: Introduction to phase Modulation (PM) and frequency modulation(FM), FM Time and frequency domain analysis, Modulation index for sinusoidal FM, Average power for sinusoidal FM, Single tone FM, Generation of FM using Direct Method and Indirect method, Detection of FM using slope Detector, zero cross detector and phase locked loop, Amplitude limiters in FM, Automatic frequency control (AFC), FM stereo Transmitter and Receiver, FM receiver, Noise in FM system, pre-emphasis and De-emphasis filters. 11 Hrs. Sampling of Analog signals: Nyquist sampling theorem, spectrum of sampled signal, Sampling Theorem for band limited signals, effects of aliasing, reconstruction of sampled signals 04 Hrs References:

1. Simon Haykin , An Introduction to Analog & Digital Communications, , Willey Eastern, Newyork, 1989. 2. Dennis Roddy & John Coolen , Electronic Communications, , Fourth Edition, PHI. 3. Systems, Kennedy , Electronic Communication, Third Edition, TMH. 4. Taub and D.L.Shelling , Principles of Communication systems, Second Edition McGraw Hill Book Co. 5. B P Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication, 3rd Edn., Oxford University

ECE-305 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING [3-1-0-4] Review: Signals and systems, Time and frequency analysis of signals and systems, Z-transforms 4 Hrs. Discrete Fourier Transform: Frequency domain sampling and reconstruction of discrete time signals – DFT, DFT as a linear transformation, properties of the DFT, use of DFT in linear filtering, filtering of long data sequences; DFT as linear transformation, Efficient computation of the DFT: FFT Algorithms – Radix 2 DITFFT and DIFFFT, in-place computation; Goertzel Algorithm. 08 Hrs.

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Implementation of Discrete time Systems: Structures for FIR systems – Direct form, cascade form, Frequency sampling and lattice structures. Structures for IIR systems – Direct form, cascade and parallel form, lattice ladder structures. 06 Hrs. Design of IIR filters: Classical design by impulse invariance, bilinear transformation and matched Z transform, characteristics and design of commonly used filters – butter worth, Chebyshev and elliptic filters, Spectral transformations, Direct design of IIR filters. 10 Hrs. Design of Digital FIR Filters: General considerations, Linear phase FIR Filters, Symmetric and antisymmetric impulse response, Design using windows, frequency sampling design, Optimum design, Remez Algorithm. 08 Hrs. Power Spectrum Estimation: Estimation of power spectra from Finite duration of observation of signals. Non-parametric and Parametric methods of power spectrum estimation. 08 Hrs. Digital Signal Processors: Architecture, features and instructions of Fixed point and Floating Point Processors. 06 Hrs. References:

1. J.G.Proakis and D.G.Manolakis, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing 2. A.V.Oppenheim and R.W.Schafer, Discrete Time Signal Processing, PHI. 3. Ifeachar and Jervis, Digital Signal Processing A Practical approach 2nd edition PHI 4. Rabiner & Gold, Theory and applications of digital signal processing, PHI. 5. Sanjit K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing A computer based approach, 2nd edition, TMH 6. J.R.Johnson, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing PHI. 7. Wills J.Tompkins, Biomedical Digital Signal Processing, PHI 8. Rulph Chassaing, digital Signal Processing with C and TMS 320C30, John Wiley. 9. Texas Instruments DSP Processors (320 family) data hand book. 10. Chi-Tsong Chen, Digital Signal Processing, Oxford University.

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ECE-307 MICRPROCESSORS [3-1-0-4] 8086 Processor: Architecture, Addressing Modes, Instruction set and Assembly language programming. Assemblers and advanced programming. Signals of 8086, Min & max mode of operation & Bus Cycles. Clock driver 8284 & Bus driver 8288. Interrupts & Interrupt processing in 8086. 18 Hrs Programmable peripherals: 8255 Programmable I/O interface, 8254 Programmable Interval timer, 8237 Programmable DMA controller, 8259 Programmable DMA controller, 8251 Programmable USART, 8272 Floppy disc controller 8 Hrs Interfacing: Memory Interfacing, ADC & DAC interfacing to 8086. 4 Hrs Multiprocessor configuration, 8087 Numeric Data Processor. 4 Hrs 68000 Processor: Architecture, Addressing modes & Instruction set of 68000, Assembly language programming of 68000, Signals, interrupts & exception processing in 68000, Interfacing of memory & I/O to 68000. 16 Hrs. References:

1. Liu and Gibson 8086/8088, Hardware and Programming. 2. Douglas V.Hall , Microprocessors & Interfacing , McGraw Hill International Edition, 1992. 3. Alan R.Miller , Assembly language programming the IBMPC , Sybex Inc. 1987. 4. Walter A.Tribel & Avtar Singh , 68000 Microprocessors , Prentice Hall, 1991. 5. Yu-Cheng Liu , 68000 Microprocessors family , Prentice Hall, 1991.

ECE-309 VLSI DESIGN [3-1-0-4] Introduction: VLSI technology trends, performance measures and Moore’s law 2 Hrs

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MOS devices and Circuits: MOS transistors. Study of depletion and enhancement mode operations. Threshold Voltage. Body effect and other second order effects. NMOS inverters. CMOS inverters. BiCMOS and GaAs devices and circuits. 6 Hrs Fabrication of ICs: Lithographic process of MOS and CMOS fabrication. N-well, P-well and twin tub processes. Latch-up in CMOS. SOI process. VLSI Yield and economics. 4 Hrs MOS Circuit designs & Lay out generation : Pass transistors and transmission gates. Implementation of Boolean functions and combinational circuits using switch logic & gate logic. Pseudo NMOS inverter, Dynamic and clocked CMOS inverters. Clocking strategies, single and two phase clocking, Clock distribution. Flip flops, shift registers and clocked sequential circuits. Static and dynamic memory cells. RAM,ROM and PLAs. Stick diagrams, Design rules and layouts, Scaling of MOS circuits. 16 Hrs Basic circuit concepts and performance estimation : Sheet resistance, Standard unit of capacitance. Estimation of delay in NMOS and CMOS inverters. Driving of large capacitive loads. Super buffers. Estimation of power. 5 Hrs Sub system design: Design description domains and design strategies. Issues in Subsystem design. Design examples such as Adders, ALUs, Shifters. Design of sequential circuits. 8 Hrs CAD tools for VLSI design: Physical design phases, placement and routing. DRC algorithms, Circuit extraction and testing. 4 Hrs Current trends: Introduction to low power VLSI. Introduction to Analog and mixed mode VLSI design. 5 Hrs References:

1. Pucknell D.A and Eshraghian K, Basic VLSI Design, PHI publication.

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2. West N and Eshraghian K, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Addison Wesley Publication. 3. Tsividis and Yannis, Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistors, 2nd Edn. Oxford University Press. 4. Amar Mukherjee, Introduction to NMOS & CMOS VLSI systems Design, PHI publication. 5. Allen, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 2nd Edn. Oxford University Press.

ECE-311 ADVANCED OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING [3 - 1 - 0 - 4]

Objects and Classes : Classes and Objects , Constructor , Distracter , Overloaded constructors. 5 Hrs Operator Overloading : Overloading Unary and Binary operators, Data Conversion, this pointer 6 Hrs Inheritance : Derived class and base class, class hierarchies, Levels of Inheritance , Multiple Inheritance , Containership. 6 Hrs Virtual Functions : Virtual function , Pure function, Friend function, Friend classes. 4 Hrs Files and Streams : String I/O, Character I/O, Object I/O, File pointer, Redirection, Overloading. <<, &, >> operators. 4 Hrs Graphics : Text mode graphics , Functions, Graphics mode , Graphics functions, colors, Rectangles and lines, Polygons and Inheritance, sound and motion, Text in graphics mode. 5 Hrs Exceptional Handling : Error Handling , Discriminations of Exceptions, Naming Of Exceptions, Resource acquisition , Exception that are not errors, Interface specification, Uncaught exceptions, Error handling Alternatives. 6 Hrs

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Namespaces, Conversions and other advanced Topics. 4 Hrs Data structures in C++: Fundamentals of data structures, Data types & Abstraction, Stacks, Queue, Dequeue, Ordered lists & sorted, Hashing, Hash Tables and scatter tables, Trees, search trees, Heaps and Priority queues, Dynamic allocation 10 Hrs References:

1. Robert Lafore. Galgotia , Object Oriented Programming in Turbo C++: 2. Bjourne Stroutop , C++ Programming Language, , John Wiley and Sons 3. Herbert Schildt , The Complete Reference C++, , Fourth Edition, TMH. 4. Bruno R Presis , Data Structures and Algorithm with Object Oriented Design Patterns in C++, John Wiley & Sons ISBN -0471-2471-2 5. Robert Lafore. Galgotia , Object Oriented Programming in Turbo C++: 6. Bjourne Stroutop , C++ Programming Language, , John Wiley and Sons 7. Herbert Schildt , The Complete Reference C++, , Fourth Edition, TMH 8. Bruno R Presis , Data Structures and Algorithm with Object Oriented Design Patterns in C++, John Wiley & Sons ISBN -0471-2471-2

ECE-315 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LAB [0-0-3-1]

1. C Problems- A list of about 20 Problems, Problems would be based on popular a algorithm that gives the candidates a strong grounding in basic concepts of C.

2. Problems on pointers, Decision trees, State tables, Array 3. Problems on Structures as an introduction to objects 4. Review of all the problems completed, practical tips 5. Class construction in the context of system modeling 6. Build Queue for a telecommunication system 7. Inventory reads data from file, Add data from file, and Retrieve data from file. 8. Purchase an item from a list of items and workout the total of the purchase 9. Problem on designing a Object Oriented based checkout counter to display the items of purchase, prices of purchase/total, inventory, list

ECE-315 VLSI LAB [0-0-3-1] Simulation Experiments

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1. Review of VHDL & Introduction to Model Sim Simulator 2. Combinational circuit design 3. Sequential Circuit Design 4. Advanced or Mixed Circuit Design 5. Generics and Memories 6. Generate 7. FSMs

Synthesis Experiments

8. Introduction to Synthesis – Leonardo Spectrum / Xlinx Project Navigator 9. Combinational Circuit Synthesis 10. Sequential Circuit Synthesis 11. Memory, generic, generate and FSM Synthesis 12. Mini Project

ECE-317 MICROPROCESSOR LAB [0- 0- 3-1]

1. 8 and 16 bit addition, subtraction, multiplication and division programs. 2. Memory array handling, search and sort programs 3. Code conversion 4. Time delay and counter programs 5. Keyboard and display management programs 6. Interrupt programs 7. D/A interface and waveform generation 8. A/D interface and data acquisition 9. Logic controller interface 10. Elevator interface 11. Stepper motor interface

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12. External keyboard and display interface

VI SEMESTER

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HUM-302 ESSENTIALS OF MANAGEMENT [3-1-0-4] Definition of Management, Its nature & scope. The functions of managers. 2 Hrs Planning: Types of plans, Steps in Planning, Process of MBO, How to set Objectives, Strategies, Policies & Planning Premises. Strategic Planning Process: Decision Making: Steps in Decision Making, Systems approach. 8 Hrs Organizing: Nature & Purpose of Organizing, Span of management, factors determining the span, Basic Departmentation, Line & staff concepts, Functional authority, Art of Delegation, Decentralisation of Authority. 8 Hrs Human Resource Management: Systems approach to staffing, Selection process, Techniques & instruments, Approaches to Manager Development & Training. 7 Hrs Human Factors in Managing: Theories of Motivation, special motivational Techniques. Leadership-Leadership Behavior & styles, Managerial Grid, Communication, Process, Barriers, Effective communication techniques. 10 Hrs Basic control process: Critical control points & standards. Control Techniques: Budgets, non-budgetary control devices. Overall & preventive controls: Budget summaries: Profit & loss control, control through ROI, direct control, preventive control, developing excellent managers. 10 Hrs International Management: Managerial practice in Japan & USA & application of Theory Z. The nature & purpose of International business & multinational corporations, unified global theory of management. 5 Hrs References: 1. Koontz: Essentials of Management

2. Peter Drucker: Management, Task & Responsibility.

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3. Peter Drucker: The practice of management.

ECE-302 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION [3 - 1 - 0 - 4] Detection and Estimation: Model of digital communication system, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure, geometric interpretation of signals, response of bank of correlators to the noisy input, detection of known signals in noise, probability of error, correlation receiver, matched filter receiver, detection of signals with unknown phase in noise, estimation concepts and criteria, maximum likelihood estimation, wiener filter for waveform estimation, linear prediction. 8 Hrs Pulse Modulation systems : Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), band width requirements and reconstruction methods, time division multiplexing, pulse duration modulation (PDM), generation of PDM signals and reconstruction methods. Analog to digital conversion, quantization and encoding techniques, application to pulse code modulation (PCM), quantization noise in PCM, companding in PCM systems, Time division multiplexing (TDM), EXAMPLES OF PAM and PCM systems. The T1 PCM system in telephony. The delta modulator and its operation, quantization noise and slope overload in delta modulators. Comparison of delta modulation and PCM, Introduction to linear prediction theory with applications in delta modulation. 8 Hrs Base band digital data transmission: Base band digital communication systems, multilevel coding using PAM, pulse shaping and band width consideration, inter symbol interference (ISI). Nyquist condition for zero ISI, band-limited Nyquist pulses, the eye diagram. Duobinary and modified duo binary encoding, Optimum detection of a base band data communication systems. Performance limitation of base band data communication due to noise probability of error expression for multi-level data signals. 6 Hrs Digital modulation techniques : Band pass (modulated) digital data systems, binary digital modulation, PSK, DPSK and FSK. M-array data communication systems, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), systems, four phase PSK effects of noise in modulated digital communication systems, optimum binary systems. Probability of error expression for binary communications, probability of error in QAM systems, comparison of digital modulation systems, Application of modems for transmission over telephone lines. 8 Hrs

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Information theory and coding : ntroduction to information theory, definition of information, examples of simple sources. Information rate and Shannon’s coding theory. Shannon’s theorem and channel capacity. Block coding for error detection and correction, parity check bits and block coding. Examples of cyclic error correcting codes. Convolution codes., tree, trellis and decoding algorithms. Introduction to TCM and turbo coding. 12 Hrs Introduction to Spread Spectrum System: Direct sequence SSS. Frequency hoping SSS. Application – Ranging multi path suppression, CDMA. Spreading sequences. 8 Hrs References: 1. S.Haykin, Digital Communications, John Wiley and Sons. 2. H.Taub and D.L.Schilling , Principles of Communication systems, McGraw-Hill Co. 3. H.P.Hsu , Analog and Digital Communications, Schaum’s outline series. 4. J G Proakis, Digital communications, McGraw-Hill Co. 5. B P Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication, 3rd Edn., Oxford University ECE-304 MICROWAVE COMPONENTS AND DEVICES [3-1-0-4] Transmission lines: Characteristic impedance, Transmission line general solution, reflection coefficient, Transmission lines at high frequencies, Parameters of transmission line at radio frequencies, standing waves on transmission line for different loads, SWR, power and impedance relations, eighth, quarter and half wave line, impedance matching 06 Hrs Smith Chart: Construction, single and double stub matching using Smith Chart 04 Hrs Guided waves: TE, TM and TEM waves in infinite parallel conducting planes, characteristics of TE TM and TEM waves, wave impedance, attenuation in guided waves 04 Hrs Rectangular and circular guided waves:

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TE, TM and TEM waves in rectangular and circular wave guide, characteristics of TE and TM mode and excitation of wave guides 06 Hrs Strip Lines and Micro strip lines: Characteristic impedance, losses and quality factor Q of micro strip lines, coplanar strip lines and shielded strip lines parameters and its properties 04Hrs Microwave Components: Resonators, Directional Couplers, E-plane Tee, H-plane Tee and Hybrid Tee, Hybrid ring, Attenuators, Faraday rotation principle, Isolators, Circulators, Gyrators, Phase Shifters 06 Hrs Microwave devices : High frequency Limitations of conventional microwave devices Two cavity klystrons: Reentrant cavities, velocity modulation process, bunching process, output power and beam loading Reflex klystron: Velocity modulation, power output and efficiency and electronic admittance 06 Hrs Traveling Wave Tube: Slow wave structure, amplification process, convection current, axial electric field, wave modes and gain consideration 04Hrs Magnetron: Mode oscillation, Strapping, rising Sun Magnetron 02Hrs Parametric Amplifiers: Physical Structure, nonlinear reactance and Manley Rowe power relations, applications Gunn diode: Gunn Effect, differential negative resistance, two valley model theory, Gunn oscillation mode Tunnel diode 08 Hrs References: 1. S.Liao , Microwave Devices and Circuits , Pearson Edu. India Ltd 2. J.Ryder , Network lines and Fields , Prentice Hall India Ltd.

3. Jordan and Balmain , Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, E. E. Edition

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4. Richard E Collin , Foundations for Microwave Engineering, John Wiley & Sons 5. David M Pozar , Microwave Engineering, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons 6. Kennedy , Electronic Communication Systems

ECE-306 MICRO CONTROLLERS AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS [3-1-0-4] Introduction to Embedded Systems. Embedded Processor families. Microprocessor Vs Microcontrollers, Microcontroller survey, CISC and RISC Microcontrollers, Architectural features and Advantages. Example and Applications of Embedded Systems 04 Hrs Introduction to 8051 family. History of 8051.Architectural features of 8051, Pin details, Programming Model. Addressing Modes 04 Hrs Instruction set of 8051--. Arithmetic and logical instructions –Byte level and bit level Jump, loop and call instructions, Programming examples. 07 Hrs Interrupts in 8051, Counters and Timers programming Serial I/O, RS 232 standards .Serial I/O in 8051, Interrupt based data transfer, 07 Hrs Interfacing to external memory , LCD, ADC , Sensor, DC and Stepper Motor, DAC, Keyboard 06 Hrs PIC MICROCONTROLLERS Introduction to PIC Microcontrollers. PIC Family Overview., Architectural features of PIC Microcontrollers, 06 Hrs Program memory considerations, register file structure and addressing modes, CPU registers, Instruction set Loop time subroutine, Timer 2 and interrupts, Interrupt Timing and code size considerations 08 Hrs External interrupts and timers 04 Hrs

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Special Features – configuration word Oscillator configurations , Reset alternatives , Low power operation , serial programming , Parallel slave port 04 Hrs References:

1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Cidispie Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinay, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Second Edition, Pearson Education.

2. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, programming and applications, Second Edition, Penram International. 3. John. B. Peatman, Design with PIC Microcontrollers, Pearson Education 4. PIC MicroTM—Mid Range MCU Family Reference Manual, Microchip Technology Inc. 5. PIC 16F877 Data Manual, Microchip Technology Inc. 6. Frank Vahid/Tony Givargis, Embedded System Design, John Wiely&Sons; Inc.

ECE-312 MICROCONTROLLER LAB [0-0-3-1]

1. Introduction to 8051 simulation software and familiarization of 8051 instruction set. 2. Arithmetic and logic related programs. 3. Array handling and code conversion programs. 4. Bit manipulation and programming using I/O ports. 5. Timer/Counter programming. 6. Introduction and Programming Using 8051 trainer kit in keyboard mode. 7. Programming 8051 trainer kit in serial mode and interrupt programs 8. Interfacing programs

DAC Interface ADC Interface Seven segment Interface Stepper Motor Interface

9. Introduction and programming with PIC 16F877 microcontroller. 10. Interfacing Programs using PIC.

ECE-314 BASIC COMMUNICATION LAB. [0-0-3-1]

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1. Active Filters: Low pass, High pass, Band pass, Band elimination and All pass

Filters. 2. Active equalizers: Low pass, High pass Shelving equalizers and Resonant

equalizers. Cross-over networks: Two-way and three-way cross over networks.

3. Relays: Static and dynamic characteristics of Electromagnetic and Reed relay. 4. PLL characteristics and applications. 5. AM and FM generation and demodulation. 6. Pulse modulation and demodulation: PAM, PWM and PPM. 7. Cable Impedence measurement: Measurement of characteristic impedence of co-axial and flat cable. 8. Sampling Techniques and Time division multiplexing. 9. Hi-fidility power amplifier: Frequency response, output power and conversion

efficiency.

ECE-316 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB [0-0-3-1] 1. Introduction to MATLAB 2. Signal generation, convolution, correlation and impulse response. 3. Transform Domain Analysis 4. IIR Filter Design (Butterworth, Chebyshev and elliptic). 5. FIR filter Design. 6. Digital Filter Applications. 7. Digital Image Processing 8. Digital Speech Processing 9. Power Spectrum Estimation. 10. Implementation of DSP Algorithm on Digital Signal Processors Using Assembly and C-language.

i) Effect of change of sampling of audio signals ii) FIR and IIR filter implementation and testing an audio inputs iii) Spectral analysis

11. Real Time signal processing using Simulink and DSP hardware.

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References:

1. Ingle & Proakis , Digital Signal Processing using Mat lab, , Brooks/cole publishing company. 2. Sanjit K Mitra Digital Signal Processing – A Computer Based Approach, , Tata McGraw Hill. 3. Ifeture & Jervis, Digital Signal Processing – A Practical Approach, Prentice Hall. 4. Rudra Pratap, Getting Started with Matlab6, 2nd Edn., Oxford University.

ELECTIVE – I

ECE-308.1 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING [3-1-0-3] Homomorphic Signal Processing: Homomorphic system, Complex Cepstrum, Properties of complex Cepstrum, Complex Cepstrum of exponential signals, Real Cepstrum, Homomorphic systems for convolution and de convolution, Examples of Homomorphic signal processing: - Communication signal processing and Speech processing. 6 Hrs Adaptive Filtering: Principle of Adaptive filters, Tapped Delay Line and Weiner Filters, Steepest Descent Algorithm, Least Mean Square (LMS) Algorithm, Direct Least Square and Recursive Least Square (RLS) Algorithms, Application of Adaptive Filters as Noise Canceller, Echo Canceller, Side lobe Canceller, Adaptive Line Enhancer. 8 Hrs

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Multi-rate Signal Processing: Multi-rate Systems, Decimation and Interpolation (integer and fractional), Decimation Filters, Interpolation Filters, Interpolated FIR Filters for Decimation and Interpolation Filters, Perfect Reconstruction, Poly Phase Filter Structure, Poly Phase Filter Structure for Decimation and Interpolation, Filter Banks, Uniform DFT Filter Bank, Quadrature Mirror Filter Bank (QMF) 12 Hrs Statistical signal processing: Discrete-time random processes, Signal modeling, Spectrum estimation 10 Hrs References: A. V Oppenheim and R. W Schafer, Discrete Time Signal Processing , PHI 1992. S. J Orfanedes, Optimum Signal Processing, Mc Graw Hill 1989. P.P Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems And Filter Banks, PHI 1992. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, PHI 1986. DSP Handbook by Elliot and Others. Monson h. Hayes, Statistical signal processing and modeling, John Wiley &Sons, Inc, 2002 D.G.Manolakis, Vinay K Ingle and S.M. Kogon, Statistical and adaptive signal processing, Mcgraw Hill 2000. ECE-308.2 ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN [3-1-0-3] Signal conditioning, Instrumentation & Isolation amplifiers, Analog filters, Analog switches, Programmable circuits, Switched-capacitors circuits and applications. 6 Hrs A/D and D/A conversion: Sampling and quantization, anti aliasing and smoothening filters, Data converters, Interfacing with DSP blocks. Signal measurement in the presence of noise: synchronous detection, signal averaging. 12 Hrs Thermal management: Introduction to thermal sources, heat calculations, heat transfer methods, heat sink selection, cooling methods in electronic systems. 08 Hrs

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Industrial design: Product planning, Creativity, Aesthitics, Ergonomics, control panel organization, Product detailing, Product finishes. 08 Hrs Noise in electronic systems: Design of low noise circuits. Interfacing of analog and digital systems. PCB design and layout; System assembly considerations. Sources of EMI, Shielding of signal lines, Ground loops, Noise emission characteristic of SMPS and other power electronic equipments, Reduction techniques, Reflections and cross talk in digital circuits. 16 Hrs References:

1. S Sedra and KC Smith, Microelectronic circuits, Oxford, 1998. 2. S. Soclof, Applications of analog integrated circuits, Prentice Hall1990. 3. T. T. Lang, Electronics of measuring systems – practical implementation, Wiley,1987. 4. P. Horowitz and W Hill, The art of electronics, Cambridge,1995. 5. H.W.Ott, Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems, Wiley, 1989. 6. S. K Mitra, Digital signal processing: a computer based approach, McGraw Hill, 1998. 7. W.C. Bosshart, Printed Circuit Boards: Design and Technology, Tata McGraw Hill, 1983. 8. G.L. Ginsberg, Printed Circuit Design, McGraw Hill, 1991. 9. Flurshiem C. H., Industrial design and Engineering, Springer Verlog. 10. E.T.Schonholzer, Thermal design of electronic equipments, CEDT.

ECE- 308.3 ASIC DESIGN [3-1-0-3] Introduction to ASICs, Design Methodology Overview, CMOS Logic 5Hrs ASIC Library Design, ASIC versus FPGA, Different Design Flows in ASIC / FPGA, Programmable ASICs, Programmable ASIC Logic and I/O Cells, Programmable ASIC Interconnect, Full Custom / Semi Custom circuit Techniques, Layout of Full Custom, CMOS IC’s. 15Hrs

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EDA Tools in ASIC Flow, Low Level Design Entry Vs HDL based design, Logic Synthesis Simulation, System Partitioning, Floor planning and Placement, Layout Compaction Routing, Testing and verification, Clock Tree Synthesis 10Hrs Algorithms for VLSI design automation – Placement, Partitioning, Floor planning and routing algorithms. 5Hrs DSM Effects, Signal Integrity and interconnect problems, Top seven challenges in ASIC design, Design reuse and a quality design approach, Phases of an ASIC project, Case study of Complete ASIC design flow in detail with typical example 15Hrs References:

1. Smith, M.J.S., Application-Specific Integrated Circuits. Addison-Wesley, 1026 p. ISBN 0-201-50022-1, 1997 2. Rabaey, J., Digital Integrated Circuits , A Design Perspective, Prentice Hall. 3. Weste, N. H. E., and K. Eshraghian., Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A Systems Perspective. 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison-

Wesley, 713 p. ISBN 0-201-53376-6 1993, . 4. Nigel Horspool and Peter Gorman, The ASIC Handbook Prentice Hall, 2001. 5. Sabin H.Gerez , Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation , John Wiley & Sons, 1999. 6. IEEE Solid state circuits 7. IEEE Circuits & systems 8. IEEE Signal Processing

ECE 310.4 VLSI/ULSI Process Technology [3 1 0 3] Silicon Wafer Processing:

Material Properties:- Physical properties, Crystal structure, Defects, Dislocation. 2Hrs Crystal Growth:- Silicon Crystal Growth - Czochralski Technique, Distribution of dopants, Segregation constant. Material Characterization- Wafer shaping , Crystal Chracterization. 4Hrs

Silicon Oxidation:- Thermal Oxidation process- Kinetics of Growth, Deal-Grove Model, Thin oxide Growth, Impurity Distribution, Masking properties, Oxide thickness characterization , LOCOS process. 4Hrs

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Photolithography:- Optical Lithography-Clean room, Exposure Tools, masks, photoresists, Pattern transfer, Resolution enhancement techniques. Next generation lithography- electron beam lithography, X-ray lithography, Ion beam lithography 6Hrs

Etching:- Wet chemical etching- Silicon Etching, Silicon dioxide, Silicon Nitride and Aluminium. Dry etching- Plasma fundamentals, Etch Mechanism, Plasma Diagnostics and end-point control, Reactive Plasma etching. 5Hrs

Diffusion:-Basic diffusion process- Fick’s first and second law, Diffusion profile, Evaluation of diffused layer, Extrinsic diffusion, Lateral Diffusion. 5Hrs

Ion Implantation:- Range of Implanted Ions- Ion distribution, ion stopping, ion Channeling. Implant Damage and Annealing, Implantation related Processes. 3Hrs

Film Deposition:- Epitaxial growth technique- CVD, Molecular beam epitaxy. Structures and Defects in epitaxial layers. Dielectric Deposition- Silicon dioxide, Silicon Nitride, Polysilicon. 3Hrs

Low and High Dielectric Constant materials. Metallization-Aluminium, Copper and Silicide process. 2Hrs

IC assembly techniques:- Dicing , Bonding and Packaging process 1Hrs

ASIC Design:

(1)VLSI Physical Design:- ASIC Design Flow, Full Custom and Semi-custom circuit Techniques, Type of ASICs, ASIC logic cells, Technology Mapping. (2Hrs)

(2)EDA Tools in ASIC flow:- Low level Design entry Vs HDL based design, logic synthesis, System partitioning, Floor planning and placement , Routing, clock tree synthesis. (5Hrs) (3) Algorithms for VLSI Design automation:- Placement, Partitioning, Floor planning and Routing algorithm. (3Hrs)

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References:

1.”Fundamentals of Semiconductor Fabrication”, Gary S. May and S.M.Sze, Wiley Student edition , ISBN 9812-53-072-X, 2004. 2. “VLSI Fabrication Principles”, S.K.Gandhi, John Wiley and Sons. 3. “ Microelectronic Processing”, W. Scott , McGraw-Hill Publication. 4.”VLSI physical design automation- theory and practice”, Sadiq M Sait and Habib Youssef, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1995. 5. “ Algorithm for VLSI physical Design Automation”, Naveed A. Sherwani, Springer Publication. 6. “ ASIC”, M.J.S Smith, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-50022-1, 1997. 7. IEEE transaction on VLSI CAD 8. IEEE transaction on Solid state Device and Circuits.

ECE-308.5 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS [3-1-0-3] Planar dielectric waveguides. Derivation and solution of eigenvalue equation for planar symmetric dielectric waveguides. TE and TM modes, birefringence in planar dielectric waveguides. Power calculations. 10 Hrs Review of multimode step index and graded index fibers. Derivation and graphical solution of wave equation for step index fibers with emphasis on single mode fibers. Concept of V number and its significance power calculations. Birefringence in single mode fibers. Hi-Bi fibers. 10 Hrs Distortion of optical pulses propagating through fibers: Intermodal and intramodal (chromatic/material and waveguide) dispersion. Propagation of Gaussian optical pulses through dispersive fibers. Dispersion compensation mechanisms. 12 hrs Doped fiber amplifiers:

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Concept of optical amplification. Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 08 Hrs Wave propagation through anisotropic media. Concept of permitivity tensor and index ellipsoid. Linear electrooptic effect (Pockel’s effect). Bulk optic amplitude and intensity modulators. Integrated optic amplitude and intensity modulators based on Mach Zehnder Interferometer. 10 Hrs References:

1. G.Keiser, ‘Optical Fiber Communications’ McGraw Hill, 1991. 2. M.Sathish Kumar, ‘Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Communication’, Prentice hall of India, 2005. 3. A.Ghatak and K.Thyagarajan, ‘Introduction to Fiber Optics’ Cambridge University Press, 1998. 4. A.Ghatak and K.Thygarajan, ‘Optical Electronics’ Cambridge University Press, 1989 5. G.L.Li and P.K.L.Yu, ‘Optical Intensity Modulators for Digital and Analog Applications’ J.Lightwave Technol.21, 2010 – (2003).

ELECTIVE - II

ECE-310.1 CIPHER SYSTEMS [3-1-0-3] Some topics in Number theory: Time estimates, divisibility and Euclidean algorithm, Congruences, finite field theory, quadratic residues and reciprocity. 08 Hrs Cryptography: Some simple crypto systems, Linear shift ciphers, Affine transformation on monograph and digraph, transformation matrices cipher, Non alphabetic, poly alphabetic, Viginere and Beaufort systems – theoretical and practical security, Diffusion and Confusion – stream cipher and block cipher systems. 14 Hrs Public key cryptography: Knapsack problem – Fermat’s theorem – Euler’s theorem – Euler’s generalization of Fermat’s theorem, Mercle-Hellman, RSA, El-Gamal systems – public key distribution protocols – Shamir’s three pass protocol. 10 Hrs

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New Data Encryption Standards: Simple DES-DES-IDEA-Blow fish – RC5-CAST-128 and Rijndael algorithms. 12 Hrs Introduction to Elliptic Curve Cryptography. 06 Hrs References:

1. H.Bekker and F.Piper, Cipher Systems, The Protection of Communication, Ny.Von Nostrantd, 1982. 2. Neal Koblitz , A Course in number theory and cryptography, Springer Verlag NY 1987. 3. William Stallings , Cryptography and Network Security principles and Practice . 3rd edition, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., Pearson

Education Asia, 2000. 4. Der Denning , Cryptography and data Security Addison Wesley Publishing Co.

1982. 5. Contemporary Cryptography, The science of information integrity- IEEE Press 1992.

ECE-310.2 INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING [3-1-0-3] Brief history and application of Information theory, Representation of information, Entropy and Entropy calculations, Probability distribution of Discrete sources and channels. 09 Hrs Information sources, Zero memory sources, Markov sources, Extension of the sources, State diagram representation, Instantaneous and Uniquely decodable codes. 10 Hrs Average length of the code, Kraft’s inequality, Compact codes, Shannon’s theorem, Shannon-Fano coding, Huffman coding. 08 Hrs Code efficiency, Code redundancy, Information channels, Probability and Entropy relations in Information channels, Mutual information and properties. 10 Hrs Noise less and Deterministic channels, Cascading of channels, Channel capacity. 05 Hrs

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Reliable communication over unreliable channels, Error probability, Maximum likelihood decisions, and decision rules, Fano Bound Shannon’s second theorem and Random coding. 08 Hrs References:

1. R E Blahut , Principles and practice of Information Theory, Addison Wesley publishing company. 2. Simon Haykin , Digital Communication, Willey Eastern Publishing 3. Abrahamson , Information theory and coding

ECE-310.3 ERROR CONTROL CODING [3-1-0-3] Coding for reliable digital transmission and storage, types of codes, modulation, demodulation, Maximum likelihood decoding, types of errors 02 Hrs Introduction to algebra: Groups, rings and fields, properties of finite fields, Computation using Galloi’s field arithmetic, vector spaces, matrices 07 Hrs Linear block codes: Introduction, Syndrome and error detection, Minimum distance of a block code, error detecting and error correcting capabilities, standard array and syndrome decoding, Hamming codes 07 Hrs Cyclic codes: Description of cyclic codes, Generator and parity check matrices of cyclic codes, Encoding and decoding of cyclic codes, cyclic Hamming codes, shortened cyclic codes 07 Hrs Error trapping decoding for cyclic codes, improved error trapping decoding 02 Hrs BCH codes: Description, encoding and decoding of BCH codes, realization of Galois Field arithmetic, implementation of error correction in BCH codes, Non binary BCH codes, R-S codes 06 Hrs

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Burst error correcting codes: Introduction, encoding, decoding of single burst error correcting cyclic codes, Fire codes, interleaved codes 04 Hrs Convolution codes: Introduction, encoding, trees, trellis, state diagram, distance properties of convolutional codes, decoding using Viterbi algorithm, Fano algorithm, Burst error correcting Convolutional codes. 10 Hrs Recent developments in the field of Error correcting codes such as Turbo coding and decoding. 05 Hrs References:

1. Shulin and Daniel J.Costello Jr, Error control coding Fundamentals and Applications , Prentice Hall, 1983 2. McWilliams & Sloane, Error Correcting Codes, North Holland Publishing Co. 3. Peterson and Weldon, Error Correcting Codes, John Wiley 4. Berlekamp, Algebraic Coding Theory, McGraw-Hill. 5. Simon Haykin, Digital Communications. 6. Internet sites on Coding 7. Man Young Rhee , Error Correcting Codes.

ECE-310.4 APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA [3-1-0-3] Vector spaces, linear dependence, basis; Representation of linear transformations with respect to a basis. Inner product spaces, Hilbert spaces, linear functions; Riesz representation theorem and adjoints. Orthogonal projections, products of projections, orthogonal direct sums; Unitary and orthogonal transformations, complete ortho normal sets and Parseval’s identity; Closed subspaces and the projection theorem for Hilbert spaces. Polynomials: The algebra of polynomials, matrix polynomials, annihilating polynomials and invariant subspaces, Jordan forms. Applications: Complementary orthogonal spaces in networks, properties of graphs and their relation to vector space properties of their matrix representations; Solution of state equations in linear system theory; Relation between the rational and Jordan forms. Numerical linear algebra: Direct and iterative methods of solutions of linear equations; Matrices, norms, complete metric spaces and complete normal linear spaces (Banach spaces); Least squares problems (constrained and unconstrained); Eigen value problem. 50 Hrs

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References: 1. Gilbert Strang, Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 3rd Edition, Thomson Brookley Press, 1998. 2. David Lay, Linear Algebra and Applications, 3rd Edition 3. K. Hoffman and R. Kunze, Linear Algebra, Prentice-Hall (India), (1986). 4. G.H. Golub and C.F. Van Loan, Matrix Computations, North Oxford Academic, 1983. 5. G. Bachman and L. Narici, Functional Analysis, Academic Press, 1966. 6. E.Kreyszig, Introductory functional analysis with applications John Wiley, 1978.

ECE-310.5 DIGITAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES [3-1-0-3]

Philosophy of digital and microprocessor/microcontroller based instruments. Time measurement techniques : Time standards; Measurement of time interval between events, order of events, Vernier technique, Very low time, period, phase, time constant measurements; Frequency measurement techniques : Frequency, ratio and product, high and low frequency measurements; Deviation meter and tachometer, Peak/valley recorder. Programmable circuits : Programmable resistors, amplifiers, filters. Digital to Analog Converters: Programmable amplifiers as DACs, Multi-stage WR DACs, Weighted current-, weighted reference voltage-, weighted charge-DACs; Ladder DACs, Design of DACs with respect to spread and total resistance; Hybrid multiplier and divider. Analog to Digital Converters: V/f and V/t converters, Direct ADCs, ramp, tracking, dual slope, successive approximation and flash types; Multi-stage flash type ADCs, DVM and its design. Voltage ratio measurement techniques : Digital ohmmeter, capacitance meter; impedance meters (polar and Cartesian types); Decibel meters; Q meter tan-delta meter; Modulation index meter. Sampling theory and its applications in current, voltage, power, energy measurements. Elements of digital signal processing : FFT, DHT, digital filters. 50 Hrs References:

1. T. S. Rathore, Digital Measurement Techniques, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1996. 2. B. S. Sonde, Monographs on System Design using Integrated Circuits, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, 1974. 3. D. J. DeFatta, J. G. Lucas and W. S. Hodgkiss, Digital Signal Processing, J Wiley and Sons, Singapore, 1988.

ECE- 310.6 Advanced Broadcasting & Display Technology [3-1-0-4]

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Propagation of EM waves: Ground wave, sky-wave (ionospheric) propagation, space waves, Tropospheric scatter propagation. 03 Hrs Radio: AM and FM radio transmitters(Tx) – Block diagrams of AM & FM radio transmitters, Amplifiers used in transmitters- Impedance matching networks, Baluns for impedance matching AM radio receivers(Rx) – Receiver types, Tuned RF (TRF) receiver, Super heterodyne Rx, RF section & characteristics, frequency changing & tracking, IF amplifiers, Detection & AGC, Communication Rx, additional circuits & systems, single & independent sideband Rx , Radiao 08 Hrs FM receivers : Comparison with AM Rx, Superheterodyne Rx – RF section, IF amplifier, Amplitude limiters, FM demodulation, AGC, stereo FM multiplex reception. Radio on Chip 04 Hrs Television: Elements of TV system – Analysis & synthesis of TV pictures, composite video signal, signal transmission & channel bandwidth, vestigial sideband transmission. TV camera tubes – Image orthicon, vidicon, plumbicon, silicon diode array vidicon, solid state image scanners, 06 Hrs TV signal generation : Signal generation in cameras, Generation of AM, TV transmitter, Positive & negative modulation, Picture & sound signal transmission, Generation of FM, TV signal transmission, Interference suffered by carrier signals, TV transmission antennas 03 Hrs TV receiver Monochrome and Color: Receiver sections & their functions, RF tuners, Video IF amplifiers (solid state & IC versions), video detectors, Video amplifier (solid state & IC versions, AGC, Sync separation, Sync processing & AFC, Deflection oscillators, vertical and horizontal deflection & sound system circuits (solid state & IC versions), picture tubes-delta gun, PIL, CCD displays, Essentials of Color TV: Color signal generation, transmission & reception (PAL) system only, IR TV remote control transmitter & IR receiver 0 9 Hrs Flat panel Display Technologies : LCD displays , Plasma Displays (PDP), Electroluminescent Displays(EL), Electrophoretic Displays (Electronic paper), Field emission displays (FED), Organic Light emitting polymer based Flexible displays..

06 Hrs HDTV: Digital TV technology, Basic concepts of HDTV, Comparative study of HDTV & Conventional TV systems with respect to their functional characteristics and Satellite Cable TV technology. 06 Hrs Text Message Technology : Broadcast information services - videotex information systems, teletext systems, teletext data organisation, teletext decoder, enchanced teletext systems, antiope systems, Japanese teletext system - NABTSand world system teletext, view data/video text systems, standard graphic display adapters for PCs. 05 Hrs Reference Books:

1. Communication Electronics – principles & Applications by Louis.E.Frenzel, Third edition 2000, Glencos/McGraw-Hill publication. 2. Electronic Communication systems by George Kennedy & Bernard Davis, Fourth edition 1999, Tata-McGraw hill publication 3. Monochrome & Color TV, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1983 by R.R.Gulati. 4. Television Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1984 by A.M.Dhake. 5. Electronic Radio Engg. By F.E.Terman, McGraw-Hill publication

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6. Advanced display, Teletext, digital TV and HDTV technology from white papers and review articles in IEEE Proceedings, SID journals and other related articles.

VII SEMESTER

ECE-401 COMPUTER NETWORKS [3 - 1 - 0 - 4] Introduction: Uses of computer networks, types of networks, network hardware, network software, network design issues, network design tools, ISO-OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference model, examples networks, network standardization. 8 Hrs. The Physical layer: Transmission & switching, frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, switch mode, integrated – services digital network (ISDN) ISDN services, evolution of ISDN, ISDN interface, ISDN system architecture, the digital PBX signaling, perspective on ISDN, terminal handling, advantages of ISDN, applications for global ISDN and future trends. 07 Hrs. Data – link layer: Introduction, error detection and correction, elementary data link protocol, sliding window protocols, protocol performance, protocol specification and verification, data link layer. HDLC standard. 07 Hrs. The medium access sub layer: Introduction, channel allocation, multiple access protocol, IEEE standards, fibre optic networks, satellite networks. 802.3, 802.4, 802.5 08 Hrs. The network layer: Introduction, design issues, routing algorithms, congestion control algorithm, internetworking, network layer in internet, internet control protocols, limitations of IPv4 , Introduction to IPV6 Protocol 05 Hrs. The transport layer: Introduction, the transport services, elements of transport protocols, simple transport protocols, the internet transport protocol TCP and UDP, performance issues, connection management (Handshaking) 04 Hrs.

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Application Layer and Quality of Service in Internet 06 Hrs Network Security 05 Hrs References:

1. William Stallings Data & Computer communication , 6th Edition. PHI 2. Tanenbaum , Computer Networks , 3rd Edition. 3. Willium Stallings , Local area network , 3rd Edition. 4. Gallager , Data networks 5. S. Keshav , Engineering approach to Computer Networks 6. Stevens , TCP/IP

ECE-403 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS [3 1 0 4] Basic Telephone system, signaling tones 02Hrs Radar systems Introduction to Radar systems, Simple form of Radar equation. Factors effecting Radar range equation, problems. Pulse Radar, Branch and Balanced type duplexer. Radar displays, Radar beacons. MTI Radar, blind speed and problems. 07 Hrs Satelliite communication systems Introduction to Satellite communication. Basic transmission theory and problems. Satellite orbits, Satellite speed and period, angle of elevation, station keeping (Keppler’s law).Satellite subsystems. Satellite link design, frequency allocations, bandwidth (contd).Earth station technology. Multiple access techniques. A brief overview of INSAT Application of Satellites – Surveillance, TV, Telephones etc. 12 Hrs Wireless communication systems Introduction to wireless communication systems. Paging systems, cordless telephone systems, DECT. Concept of cellular mobile communication-frequency reuse, cell splitting, macro cell and micro cell. Operation of Cellular systems. Mobile radio propagation –Free space propagation model. Mobile radio propagation –Ground reflection model, Freznel zone geometry. 08 Hrs

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Optical communication systems Overview of optical fibers: Types of Optical fibers. numerical aperture. Concept of cylindrical waveguide, Optical fibers as cylindrical wave guides. V number /parameter, weakly guiding approximation. 05Hrs Attenuation and dispersion in optical fibers: Losses due to scattering and bending. Optical pulse spreading due to material and waveguide dispersion. 04 Hrs Optical sources and detectors: Semiconductor LED, Laser diode, hetero- structure construction. DFB and DBR Laser diodes. PIN and APD detectors. 05Hrs Optical communication systems: Analog and Digital Optical communication system SNR and BER. Link power, Link budgeting. 05 Hrs Measurement of fiber parameters such as attenuation, numerical aperture etc 02Hrs References: 1. Theodore S Rappaport, Wireless Communications - Principles and Practice 2. William Stallings, Wireless Communication 3. Louis E.Frenzel, Communication electronics-Principles and Apllications-3rd edition 4. Gerd Keiser ,Optical Fiber Communication McGraw Hill 1991 5. M. Satish Kumar , Fundamentals of Optical fiber communication, PHI 2005 6. Sckolnik, Radar systems 7. Kennedy, Electronic communication systems 8. Timothy Pratt, Satellite communication systems 9. M.Richharia, Satellite communication systems-Design principles, 2nd edition.

ECE-405 POWER ELECTRONICS [3-1-0-4]

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Power Semiconductor Devices:

Principle of operation, characteristics and modeling of power diodes, SCR, TRIAC, power BJT, power MOSFET & IGBT ; di/dt and dv/dt limitations, isolation techniques, drive circuits. 9 Hrs.

Controlled Rectifier:

Introduction, principle of phase controlled converter operation, single phase semi converters, Full converters and dual converters, three phase half wave converters, three phase full converters (constant current operation mode only) 9 Hrs

DC-Dc converters:

Study of buck, boost, buck-boost, forward, fly back, push pull, double ended forward, current fed converters. 8 Hrs.

Resonant Converters:

Zero current switching converter,zero voltage switching converter,series resonant inverter,series resonant converter,parallel resonant converter. 6Hrs.

Inverters:

Study of full bridge square wave inverter with R load, R-L load, Fourier series analysis, amplitude and harmonic control, PWM techniques, 3-φ inverters with 120 ° and 180° conduction, induction motor speed control 7 Hrs.

AC Voltage Controllers:

Principle of ON-OFF control, principle of phase control, single phase bi-directional controllers with R – load, R-L load, single phase cyclo converters 5 Hrs.

Applications:

Switch mode power supplies, power conditioners and UPS, dc motor drives, ac motor drives, high frequency fluorescent lighting. 6 hrs.

References:

1. Power Electronics : Circuis, Devices and Applications, 3rd Ed by M.H. Rashid ; Pearson Education India. 2. Elements of Power Electronics:By Philip T Krein,Oxford University Press 3. Power Electronics : Converters, Applications and Design , 3rd ed by Mohan / Undeland / Robbins ; John-Wiley & sons (pte) Ltd.

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4. Introduction to Power Electronic by Daniel W. Hart, Prentice Hall International

ECE-413 ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB. [0-0-3-1]

1. Reflex Klystron Characteristics: Mode pattern, tuning sensitivity, low VSWR and load impedance measurements 2. Gunn oscillator characteristics using Gunn source: V – I characteristics of Gunn

Diode, Gunn oscillator power and frequency measurements. 3. Radiation pattern of Antenna. 4. Optical fibre communication – I ; Characteristics of LED and LASER diode,

optical fibre connector loss, optical signal attenuation, fiber reel length and attenuation coefficient. 5. Digital modulation systems: ASK, FSK, PSK and DPSK. 6. Digital modulation schemes: Delta modulation and demodulation; Adaptive modulation and demodulation. 7. Digital communication schemes: Study of different codes. Error generation and correction schemes. 8. Reflex klystron source – Measurement of High VSWR using different methods. 9. Characteristics of microwave devices: Insertion loss and decoupling of Hybrid –T; directivity and coupling coefficient of

directional coupler. 10. Antenna gain measurement: Measurement of gain of Parabolic, Horn, Slot and Helix antenna. 11. Optical fibre communication – II : Attenuation limited optical fiber link lengths, optical fiber frequency response and bandwidth,

optical fiber dispersion and study of eye patterns. 12. Pulse code modulation and demodulation. 13. Study of LAN trainer. 14. Study of microstrip devices.

ECE –415 POWER ELECTRONICS LAB [0-0-3-1] 1. Characteristics of Power Devices such as SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, MOSFET. 2. Diver Circuits for SCR, MOSFET, BJT. 3. Firing Circuits for Controlled rectifiers and Inverters. 4. Study of Controlled Rectifiers with R, R-L load, with and without

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free-wheeling diode. 5. Switched mode power Converters: Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost converters with emphasis on switching frequency selection. 6. Parallel inverter using MOSFET/BJT. 7. Static AC and DC circuit Breakers 8. Study of typical UPS. 9. DC and AC motor speed Control systems. 10.Pspice simulation for some of the Power Circuits.

ELECTIVE – III ECE-407.1 NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC [3-1-0-3] Neural Networks: Fundamental concepts & Models of Artificial Neural Systems, Biological neurons, Mc-culloch pitts model, Feed forward and Flb network, Supervised and unsupervised learning. N/N learning rules 07 Hrs Classifiers: Classification model, features and decision regions, discriminant functions. Linear single layer classifiers, Multi layer classifiers – Linearly non separable pattern classification, error back propagation training, learning factors, applications of EBPTA Single layer feedback networks-Basic concepts of dynamical systems, Discrete time and gradient type Hopfield networks, Applications in optimization problems such as A/D networks, Traveling salesman tour length etc. 13 Hrs Associative Memories : Basic concepts of recurrent auto associative memories – storage and retrieval algorithms, Energy function reduction, Hamming distance calculation Bidirectional associative memory, Matching and self organizing networks – Hamming net and maxnet, Feature mapping, Kohenen’s self organizing feature maps, cluster discovery network (ART1). Applications of neural algorithms – Character classification and recognition, Inverted pendulum neurocontroller, Robot kinetics, Medical expert systems. 10 Hrs Fuzzy Logic: Introduction-Block diagram representation of the different types of fuzzy systems, concept of membership functions, generation of membership functions with examples Fuzzy mathematics- Brief comparison of classical sets and fuzzy sets, Basic operation on fuzzy sets, fuzzy

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complement, fuzzy union(s-norms), fuzzy intersection (t-norms), averaging operators Fuzzy relations and extension principle – Fuzzy relations, Cartesian product, composition of fuzzy relations projection and cylindrical extension, extension principle. 07 Hrs Linguistic variables and fuzzy IF-THEN rules: Linguistic variables, linguistic hedges, fuzzy IF-THEN rules-fuzzy propositions, interpretations of fuzzy IF-THEN rules, different implications Fuzzy logic and Approximate reasoning-Compositional rule of inference, Properties of the implication rules-generalized modus ponens, generalized modus tollens and generalized hypothetical syllogism Fuzzy rule base and fuzzy inference engine: Fuzzy rule base, structure of fuzzy rule base and properties of set of rules. Fuzzy inference engine – composition based inference, individual rule based inference, Details of some inference engines Fuzzifiers and defuzzifiers: Fuzzifiers – exponential, triangular and trapezoidal Fuzzifiers. Defuzzifiers-Centre of gravity, center average, Maximum defuzzifiers Design of fuzzy systems – Design of Fuzzy rule based systems to develop nonlinear functions, inverted pendulum controller, modeling of serial transmission of a digital signal over a channel etc. 13 Hrs References:

1. Jacek M Zurada , Introduction to artificial Neural Systems , Jaico publication 2. Simon Haykin , Neural Networks, A comprehensive foundation , 1999, Second edition, Pearson Education, Asia. 3. Li Xin Wang , Introduction to fuzzy systems and control . 4. Timothy J Ross , Fuzzy logic with engineering applications , Intl. Edition, 1997, McGraw Hill publication 5. Bishop, Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition, Oxford University Press

ECE-407.2 WAVELETS [3-1-0-3] Introduction to time frequency analysis; the how, what and why about wavelets. Short-time Fourier transform, Wigner-Ville transform. Continuous time wavelet transform, Discrete wavelet transform, tiling of the time-frequency plane and wave packet analysis. Construction of wavelets. Multi resolution analysis. Introduction to frames and bio orthogonal wavelets. Multirate signal processing and filter bank theory. Application of wavelet theory to signal de noising, image and video compression, multi-tone digital communication, transient detection. 50 Hrs

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References: 1. Y.T. Chan, Wavelet Basics, Kluwer Publishers, Boston, 1993. 2. I. Daubechies, Ten Lectures on Wavelets, Society for Industrial and Applied mathematics, Philadelphia, PA, 1992. 3. C. K. Chui, An Introduction to Wavelets, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1992. 4. Gerald Kaiser, A Friendly Guide to Wavelets, Birkhauser, New York, 1995. 5. P. P. Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993. 6. A.N. Akansu and R.A. Haddad, Multiresolution signal Decomposition: 7. Transforms, Subbands and Wavelets, Academic Press, Oranld, Florida, 1992. 8. B.Boashash, Time-Frequency signal analysis, In S.Haykin, (editor), Advanced Spectral Analysis

ECE-407.3 MEMS Technology [3-1-0-3] Introduction to MEMS 02 Hrs Processing techniques for MEMS/MOEMS 09 Hrs Both semiconductor processing and Specific MEMS processing including bulk and surface micromachining, LIGA, stereo lithography etc. Materials & Characterisation for MEMS 09 Hrs Metals, Semiconductors, Ceramics and Organics Materials Microscopy techniques (SEM, Raman, Fluroscense, Sphectrum Photometer, PH meters etc), Mcirosensors & systems 10 Hrs Intro classification of senser devices , sensor signal & interfacing , Thermal, Radiation , Mechanical, Magnetic, Bio (chemical) Sensors, SAW devices, IDT Smart sensors, Micromotors, Microfluidics, Micropumps, Microtips, Digital Light modulators RF MEMS : Introduction to Static and Dynamic Beam Analysis,Electromagnetic modeling Concepts ,

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MEMS Switches & Mciro relays, Inductors & Capacitors, MEMS Phase shifters, Antennas, Applications 10 Hrs BioMEMS : Introduction to Introduction to Biotechnology, Mendalian genitics,genetic diseases and gene therapy,biomass, Introduction Genomics and Proteomics, Microarays, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Applications 10 Hrs ECE-407.4 OPERATIONAL RESEARCH [3-1-0-3] Formulation, Linear programming: Simple method, 2- phase method, Duality theory. Transformation problem – Volgel’s approximation method, MODI method, Assignment problem - Hungarian method. 12 Hrs Project Management: Networks, Project planning and control using PERT and CPM. 12 Hrs Game theory : 2 persons zero sum games, Minimax principle, games with mixed strategies. Dominance theory, solution using Linear programming. 12 Hrs Dynamic programming : Deterministic Dynamic programming, Search Techniques – Golden mean search, three point – Intervals search, Fibonacci search. 14 Hrs References: 1. Bronson Richard, Theory and Problems of Operations Research, Schaum Series, MGH, 1983. 2. P.K. Gupta and Man Mohan, Operations Research Edition 4, Sultan Chand & Sons, 1980. 3. Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research Edition 5, PHI, 1995.

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ECE-407.5 Storage Devices Technology [3-1-0-3] Storage devices & I/O Subsystems Traditional Storage devices for Backup, Disk arrays, Disk physical structure- components, properties, performance, and specifications. Tape drives. Storage I/O, components. Storage subsystem, architecture, components & functions. Storage access & configurations. JBODs, Data redundancy, mirroring, Redundancy metrics, RAID groups, Hot spares, Device interconnect technology for storage Networks. Serial & parallel channels, ATA, SATA & Fiber Channel, Network back up & storage management issues, File system fundamentals. 10Hrs Introduction to Networked Storage Discussion of Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Architecture, features & limitations. Discussion of Network Attached Storage (NAS), Discussion of Storage Area Networks (SAN), architecture, connectivity and management principles, Discussion of Content Addressable Storage(CAS). 10Hrs Introduction to Information availability: Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Basics, Local business continuity techniques, Remote business continuity techniques, Disaster Recovery principles & techniques. 06 Hrs EMC Products& tools – A Case study Discussion of CLARiiON Architecture, Snap view, Mirror view, Power path and SANCOPY. 12 Hrs 5. Storage Area Networks (SAN): SAN components & Building blocks, SAN software, data access over SAN. Fiber channel basics, protocols & connectivity. SAN topologies, Elements of SAN design, scalability, availability, performance, security, capacity, and manageability issues. Studies and critiques of existing SAN design scenarios (partial mesh, full mesh, core/edge, & tiered designs). 12 Hrs

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References: 1. Marc Farley Osborne, “Building Storage Networks”, Tata McGraw Hill 2. Robert Spalding, “Storage Networks: The Complete Reference“, Tata Mcgraw Hill. 3. Gupta Meena, “Storage Area Network Fundamentals”, Pearson Ed. 4. NIIT, “Introduction to Information Security Risk Management” , Prentice-Hall of India. 5. EMC Technology Foundations student guide.

ELECTIVE – IV

ECE-409.1 MOBILE COMMUNICATION [3-1-0-3] Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems: Evolution and Fundamentals, Examples of Wireless Communication Systems, Paging Systems, Cordless Telephone Systems, Cellular Telephone Systems, Trends in Cellular Radio and Personal Communication Systems. 04 Hrs Cellular Concepts: Frequency Reuse, Channel Assignment Strategies, Handoff Strategies, Interference and System Capacity, Trunking and Grade of Service, Improving the Coverage and Capacity of Cellular Systems. 12 Hrs Mobile Radio Propagation : Large Scale Path Loss, Free Space Propagation Model, Ground Reflection Model, Diffraction, Scattering, Practical Link Budget Design using Path Loss Models, Outdoor Propagation Models, Indoor Propagation Models, Signal Penetration through Buildings 10 Hrs Small Scale Fading and Multipath Propagation, Impulse Response Model, Multipath Measurements, Parameters of Multipath Measurements, Types of Small Scale Fading: Time Delay Spread, Doppler Spread; Raleigh and Ricean Distributions. 10 Hrs Modulation Techniques used for Mobile Radio: Amplitude Modulation, Angle Modulation, Digital Modulation, Linear Modulation, Constant Envelope Modulation, Combined Linear and Constant Envelope Modulation, Performance of Modulation in Fading and Multipath Channels. 8 Hrs

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Wireless Systems and Standards: AMPS, ETACS, USDC, GSM – System Architecture, Radio Subsystem, Channel Types, Frame Structure, Signal Processing in GSM; GPRS, CDMA Digital Cellular Standards, PACS 6 Hrs

References:

1. Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, Pearson Education, Asia. 2. Kamilo Feher, Wireless Digital Communications, Modulation and Spread Spectrum Applications, Eastern Economy Edition. 3. William C. Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, McGraw Hill International

ECE-409.2 SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION [3-1-0-3] Review of basic digital modulation, bandwidth considerations, Principle of spread spectrum communication, Direct sequence and frequency hopping principles 08 Hrs

PN sequences, maximal length sequences, properties, spectral characteristics, auto-correlation properties, Generation of PN sequences, Gold sequences. 06 Hrs Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum System: DS/BPSK system, time domain analysis, spectral characteristics, processing gain and jamming margin, probability of error, performance evaluation, DS/QPSK system and other advanced schemes. 12 Hrs

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum System: Slow and fast hopping systems, BFSK-FH system, time domain analysis, spectral characteristics, processing gain and jamming margin, probability of error, performance evaluation. 12 Hrs

Application of Spread Spectrum communication:

Anti-jamming, Low probability detection, Multi-path rejection, Code division multiple Access(CDMA), CDMA in digital mobile systems. 12 Hrs

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References:

1. R.L. Peterson & R.E. Ziemer, Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communication Pearson Education Asia 2. George R. Cooper & C. D., Modern Communications and Spread Spectrum, McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition. 3. John Dixon, Spread Spectrum Communication,John Wiley and Sons

4. Digital Communication Fundamentals and Applications by B.Sklar,Pearson Education Asia

ECE-409.3 MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS [3-1-0-3]

Microstrip line: Analysis using conformal transformation and Hybrid mode method 05 Hrs.

Characteristic impedance, Guide wavelength and loss, Slot line – Wave guide analysis, coupling to axial and microstrip lines 03 Hrs. Coplanar line : Analysis using conformal transformation and Hybrid mode method. 04 Hrs. Micro strip line devices: Directional couplers, Microstrip coupler and branch-line couplers, even and odd mode analysis, coupling coefficient and bandwidth. Impedance transformers and filters. Lumped elements for MIC design and fabrication of inductors, resistors and capacitors, Non-reciprocal components, microstrip circulators, isolators, phase shifters 10 Hrs. Microstrip Antennas: Radiation mechanism, radiation fields, patch antennas, traveling wave antennas, slot antennas, excitation techniques, surface waves. 05 Hrs. Design of microstrip circuits: High power circuits – Transistor Oscillator, step recovery diode frequency multiplier, avalanche diode oscillator, PIN diode switch, low power circuits Schottky diode, Balanced mixer, parametric amplifier, PIN diode limiter, Diode phase shifter. 05 Hrs. Hybrid MICs:

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Dielectric Substrates, thick film technology, thin film technology, methods of testing, encapsulation of devices, mounting 05 Hrs. Monolithic MICs fabrication: Epitaxial growth, Diffusion, Ion implantation, Electron Beam technology for pattern delineation 08 Hrs. Application: MICs in phased array radars and satellite television systems. 05 Hrs. References:-

1. K.C.Gupta and Amarjit Singh, Microwave Integrated Circuits, Wiley East. Ltd. 2. I.J.Bahl and P.Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Artech House. 3. R.E.Collin, Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation, McGraw Hill Publishers. 4. Samuel Liao, Microwave Devices and Circuits, Prentice-Hall of India Ltd.

ECE-409.4 RELIABILITY AND ASSURANCE SCIENCE [3-1-0-3] Probability, statistical inference, product quality, controlling the process, principles of acceptance control, Military standards. 16 Hrs Product reliability, Equipment survival, reliability prediction methods, reliability testing, designing for quality, quality improvement. 18 Hrs Maintainability, ILS concepts, acceptance sampling, customer relations, Product safety and liability, quality assurance, policies and objectives, organization for quality, quality information systems. 16 Hrs.

1. Siegmund Halpern, The Assurance sciences, PHI. 2. Juran/Gryna, Quality planning and analysis, TMH. 3. L. Umanand, Reliabilty in electronic equipments, IMPACT, CEDT.

ECE-409.5 DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING [3-1-0-3]

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Channel models,parity check codes,why use error correction coding?,linear block codes,generator matrix,parity check matrix,syndrome testing,error correction,error detecting capability,standard array construction ,Cyclic codes,systematic encoding and decoding,well known block codes like Hamming codes,extended Golay code,BCH codes,RS codes.Introduction to convolutional codes,state diagram,Trellis diagram,tree diagram representation,diatance measurement,coding gain calculation,Viterbi decoding and Feedback decoding.Trellis Coded Modulation(TCM) 15Hrs Spread spectrum overview,Pseudonoise sequences,Direct Sequence(DS) spread spectrum systems,FrequencyHopping(FH)systems,Synchronization,Jammingconsiderations,Commercial Applications,Cellular systems. 15Hrs ISDN History,Services,Subscriber access to the ISDN,the ISDN layers,Broad band ISDN,Future of ISDN. 8Hrs ATM design goals,architecture,switching,switch fabrics,ATM layers,Service classes,ATM Applications. 12Hrs References:- 1)Digital Communications:Fundamentals and Applications-2nd ED by Bernard Sklar,Pearson Education India. 2)Data Communications and Networking –3rd ED by Behrouz A. Forouzan,TATA McGrawHill

ELECTIVE – V

ECE-411.1 DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING [3-1-0-3] Speech Production And Acoustic Phonetics: Anatomy and Physiology of speech Organs: The lungs and the Thorax, Larynx and the Vocal cords, Vocal Tract The Acoustic theory of Speech production: Sound propagation, Effects of losses in vocal tract, Effects of radiation at lips, Vocal tract transfer function for Vowels,

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The effect of nasal coupling, Models based upon Acoustic Theory. Digital Model for speech signals: Vocal tract, Radiation, Excitation. Speech perception: Models of speech perception, Vowels perception, Synthetic Vs. Natural Speech 10 Hrs Speech Analysis: Short time speech Analysis: Windowing, Spectra of windows Time Domain Analysis: Time dependent processing of speech, Short time energy and Average magnitude , Short time average zero-crossing rate, Speech Vs Silence Discrimination using Energy and Zero crossings, Short time Auto-correlation function, Pitch period estimation using Auto-correlation function. 06 Hrs Frequency Domain Analysis: Short Time Fourier Transform Analysis, Spectrographic Displays. Linear Predictive Coding: Linear Models of Speech, Basic Principles of LPC Auto-correlation method, Covariance method, Durbin's recursive solution for the auto-correlation equation. Spectral Estimation via LPC, Pitch detection using LPC parameters, Formants Analysis using LPC parameters. 08 Hrs Speech Compression: Quality Measures, Need for coding, Speech redundancies, Measure to evaluate Speech quality. Waveform Coding: Time Adaptive Waveform Coding, (APCM), Differential PCM, Linear Predictive Coding (LPC vocoders) , Voice excited LPC vocoders. Frequency Domain Coders: Filter bank Analysis, Sub band coding , Adaptive Transform Coders. Analysis By Synthesis Vocoders: Phase Vocoders, Channel Vocoders, Homomorphic Vocoders. Issues on Audio Compression, Standard Compression Schemes used in personnel Communication system, Broadcasting multimedia and entertainment: Mp3format. 10 Hrs Speech Synthesis: Text to Speech Synthesis: Principles of Speech Synthesis, LPC synthesis, Unrestricted Text to Speech systems. 06 Hrs Speech Recognition: Feature Extraction: LPC, Cepstral Coefficients, MFCC, Pattern Matching by Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Artificial Neural Networks, Training ANNs, Back Propagation. Hardware For Real Time Digital Speech Processor: DSP processors, Real time sound processor 10 Hrs References: 1. Douglas O' Shaughnessy , Speech Communications Human and Machine, University Press. 2. Lawrence R. Rabiner and Ronald W. Schaffer, Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Prentice Hall. 3. Proakis Hansen & Deller , Discrete Time Processing of Speech Signals, Macmillan - 1993 .

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4. Rabiner & Jaung , Fundamentals of Speech Recognition, , Prentice Hall-1993.

ECE-411.2 ANALOG AND MIXED SIGNAL DESIGN [3-1-0-3]Introduction to analog design MOS I/V characteristics, Second-order effects, Noise in MOSFETs, MOS device models, Analog Design Octagon, Current sources and sinks, Single-stage amplifier-CS stage and Source follower Introduction to switched capacitor circuits MOSFET Switch, Discrete-time SC integrator, Stray insensitive Integrators, Second- order sections; Cascade Filter design Operational Transconductance amplifier (OTA) Differential amplifiers, Operational Transconductance amplifiers, Basic CMOS Transconductance stages single ended and differential output, Elementary transconductor building blocks-impedance elements, integrator, summer, gyrator. OTA-C Filters First-order and Second-order filters, OTA-C filters derived from LC filters ,Multiple feedback type OTA-C filters , High-order filters, Network Transposition and Current-Mode filters, Analysis of the effect of Non-idealities of OTA,Power dissipation ,noise, and dynamic range of OTA-C filters, Tuning Nonlinear Analog Circuits: CMOS Comparator Design, Adaptive Biasing, Analog multipliers, Level Shifting. Data Converters Sampling and Aliasing, Sample and Hold Characteristics, Converter specifications, Data converter SNR, Noise-shaping Data Converters, Mixed Signal Layout Issues. DAC Architectures: R-2R Ladder Networks, Current steering, Pipeline DAC; ADC Architectures: Flash, Two step Flash ADC, Successive Approximation ADC, Sigma-delta A/D conversion

References:

1. R. Jacob Baker, CMOS: Mixed-Signal Circuit Design, volume II, Wiley Interscience, 2002. ISBN: 0-471-22754-4 2. P.V.Anand Mohan, Current-mode VLSI Analog Filters :Design and Applications,Birkhauser ,2003. ISBN :81-8128-211-6 3. David A.Johns, Ken Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, Johns Wiley & Sons, 2002. ISBN 0-471-14448-7 4. R.Jacob Baker, Harry W.Li, David E.Boyce, CMOS circuit design, Layout, and Simulation, IEEE Press, PHI Pvt Ltd, 1998. 5. T Deliyanis, Y Sun and J K Fidler, Continuous-Time Active Filter Design, , 1999, CRC Press.

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6. Jaime Kardontchik, Introduction to the design of Transconductor-capacitor filters, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN:0-7923-9195-0 7. Bram Nauta, Analog CMOS Filters for very high frequencies, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN:0-7923-9272-8 8. Rudy van de Plassche, CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters,2nd edition, Springer International

Edition 9. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I and II 10. IEEE Journal on Solid state circuits

ECE-411.3 Digital image processing [3-1-0-3]

Basics Image processing system: Image source, characteristics, image representation. 02 Hrs Two Dimensional Systems: Properties of two dimensional sequence and systems, 2D Fourier transform, 2D sampling theory. Image Quantization, image perception. 04 Hrs Image Transform.: 2D DFT, 2D DCT 2D DWT. 06 Hrs Image Compression Algorithms: Pixel coding, run length coding, predictive coding- DPCM, Transform coding, Vector quantization for image coding, inter frame coding, embedded coding and SPIHT for Wavelet coefficient. 07 Hrs Image Segmentation: Feature extraction, edge detection, boundary extraction, region representation, moment representation, shape features, scene matching, image segmentation, classification technique – supervised and non supervised learning. 08 Hrs Image enhancement and restoration : Point operation and histogram modeling, spatial operation, transform operation, image filtering and restoration, de blurring color imaging. 08 Hrs Introduction to Video Compression. Coding Standards: Importance of standards. JPEG,JPEG2000,MPEG-1,MPEG-2,MPEG-4and MPEG 21.(ITU-T Standards). 05 hrs

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Application: Context Based Image retrieval, watermarking, Image mosaics, image Forensics, multi resolution analysis, etc. 10 Hrs References:

1. Anil K Jain Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, PHI 1993. 2. R. C Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing Addison Wesley, 1993.

ECE-411.4 SYSTEM ON CHIP DESIGN [3-1-0-3] Introduction to Processor Design 03Hrs Processor architecture and organization, Abstraction in hardware design, Processor design trade-offs, Reduced Instruction Set Computer, Design for low power consumption The ARM Architecture 05Hrs The Acorn RISC Machine, Architectural inheritance, The ARM programmer’s model, ARM development tools, ARM Organization and Implementation 05Hrs Pipeline ARM organization , ARM instruction execution , ARM implementation Architectural Support for System Development 07Hrs The ARM memory interface , The Advanced Micro controller Bus Architecture (AMBA), The ARM reference peripheral specification, Hardware system prototyping tools , The ARMulator, The JTAG boundary scan test architecture , The ARM debug architecture, ARM Processor Cores 03 Hrs Memory Hierarchy- 03 Hrs Memory size and speed , On-Chip memory , Caches, Cache design – an example, Memory management, Subsystem Design 05 Hrs

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Introduction, Subsystem design principles- pipelining, Data paths, Combinational shifters, Adders , ALUs, Multipliers , High density memory , Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, Programmable Logic Arrays, Floor planning 07 Hrs Introduction , Floor planning methods , Off- chip connections, Architecture Design 05 Hrs Introduction , Register –Transfer Design , High level synthesis, Architecture for low power, System on –chips Embedded CPUs, Architecture Testing, Chip design 05 Hrs Introduction , Design Methodologies , Microprocessor Data path, Hardware/ Software Co –Design 02 Hrs References :- 1. Steve Furber “ARM System-on- Chip Architecture “, Second Edition , Pearson Education 2. Wayne Wolf ,” Modern VLSI Design , System –on- Chip Design “, Third Edition, Pearson Education 3.F.Balarin,” Hardware-software co-design of embedded systems “,Kluwer academic publishers, 1997 4. IEEE system on chip Design 5. IEEE design and test of computer design 6 IEEE Microcontroller -

ECE-411.5 MATERIALS SCIENCE FOR MICRO AND NANO ELECTRONICS. [3-1-0-3] Matter and Energy: Atoms and molecules, states of matter, particles and waves, phase transformations, energy sources, concepts and classification. 01 Hrs

Chemical Bonds: Covalent, ionic and metallic bonds, hydrogen bonding and van der waal’s forces. 01 Hrs Material properties. Liquid crystals, polymers, biomaterials, ceramics, superconductivity, thin films. 05 Hrs

Catalysis- General principles, classification homogenious, heterogeneous & enzyme catalysis, physisorption, chemisorption, examples of industrial applications. 03 Hrs

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Structure property relationships – Microstructure, substructure, atomic structure, density and porosity, imperfections, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, absorption, reflection and transmission, luminescence. 05 Hrs Phase transitions: classification based on order with examples, Phase transformation, examples. 03 Hrs Metals, alloys & semiconductors: Some special alloys, shape memory alloys – concepts, terminologies, examples & applications. Properties of alloys. Magnetic materials. Semiconductors–solarcells and lasers. 05 Hrs Advanced ceramics and glasses: Structure, processing and grain growth, properties, examples and applications. High temperature ceramic superconductors. Dielectric materials – Ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity. Introduction to different types of glasses. 05 Hrs Polymers and composites: Polymers: classification, processing, properties, advanced polymers – conducting polymers, applications. Composites : General introduction, matrix and reinforcing materials, classification, fabrication, structure, properties. Examples for advanced composites- Applications. 05 Hrs Materials characterization techniques: Brief introduction to mechanical testing of materials and non destructive testing of materials. Micro structural investigation: Metallurgical microscope, grain size. Sophisticated analytical techniques: Electron microscopy: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Atomic and molecular spectroscopies: Principles of atomic absorption, infra- red, and Raman spectroscopies for the determination of impurities. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED), X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/ESCA) and Auger Electron analysis. Energy dispersive analysis of X- rays ( EDAX). Thermal analysis: Principles of differential scanning calorimeter, thermal mechanical analyzer 10 Hrs Nanotechnology: nanomaterial synthesis, substrate effect, modification of surfaces, organization, specific examples, applications – biosensors, gas sensors, thermal sensors. 07 Hrs

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References: 1. Elements of Materials Science and Engineering, Lawrence H. Van Vlack, 1998. 2. Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering- William F., Smith (McGraw Hill, 1988). 3. Physics of semiconductor devices Michael Shur –Prentice Hill of India 1998 4. Review articles from IEEE journals

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