Electronic Warfare 2008

Electronic Warfare handbook 2008

The concise global industry guidewww.shephard.co.uk

Airborne systems

ground systems

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SHEPHARD

Electronic Warfare handbook 2008

3 Comment The editor ponders the spread of defensive EW to, potentially, all military

vehicles and to foot soldiers with the rise of the RF jammer to defeat remote-controlled IEDs.

4 Counter IED needs drive EW market The EW systems market is estimated at US $23 billion over the next 10

years, a small number considering widening needs and advancing threats.

9 Airborne systems Outline descriptions and technical data on aircraft self-protection and

ELINT/COMINT systems, listed alphabetically by product designation with usage key.

45 Ground systems Concise descriptions and data on self-protection systems for ground

vehicles, listed by product designation and including a usage key.

55 Naval systems Warship ESM and ECM equipment listed by designation with concise

descriptions and usage key.

69 Radar systems Key ground-based, airborne and shipboard radar systems listed by

designation. Ship radar entries are fire control related.

107 Test equipment A new section for this year’s edition with details of equipment used to test

EW systems on the flight line, in maintenance facilities and laboratories.

117 Guide to suppliers A worldwide listing of companies in the electronic warfare industry, listed

by company name. Each entry includes website URLs and email addresses, where available, along with contact names and telephone numbers. The Product Guide, from page 142, helps narrow your search for a supplier – divided into air, ground and naval sections, with companies then listed by product type.

COVER: Flares and vortices from this C-17 combine to form a ‘smoke angel’. (photo: usaf, sgt russell e cooley iv)

Whilst every care has been taken in the com-pilation of this publication to ensure its accu-racy at the time of going to press, the Publisher cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions or any loss arising therefrom.

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The Shephard Electronic Warfare Handbook is published annually by The Shephard Press Ltd.

© 2008 The Shephard Press Ltd Published April 2008 ISSN 1461-6203

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Peter donaldson « INTRODUCTION

WELCOME

Welcome to the 2008 edition of Shephard’s Electronic Warfare Handbook. The Ground Systems specifications section has expanded

this time to incorporate some of the ever-growing number of bomb jammers on the market, which have emerged to combat the pernicious threat of Remote Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices (RCIEDs). IEDs of all kinds are the biggest cause of death, disability and injury to US and coalition troops in Iraq and are also a growing threat in Afghanistan. RCIEDs represent a sub-species that is particularly deadly because they can be set off from a safe distance by someone with the luxury of observing the target area and picking the exact moment to cause maximum damage to their target.

The trigger for the device could be a mobile phone, a remote control device for a child’s toy or a garage door, a military or professional specification radio or something put together from easily and cheaply available electronic components. The good news is, all of those things can be jammed by suitable transmitters that can provide a bubble of protection around a convoy, a foot patrol, an individual vehicle, a check point or any other valuable and vulnerable asset. The size of that bubble, other things being equal, depends on the relative power of the jammer and the device use to trigger the IED. The more sophisticated jammers can even leave ‘windows’ in the jamming to enable friendly communications.

This ‘democratisation’ of communications EW is a remarkable development in response to a rapidly evolving and deadly threat. Not so long ago, defensive EW for platforms as large as main battle tanks was considered an expensive luxury. Now RCIED jamming systems are being provided for all sorts of vehicles and

Electronic Warfare PORTFOLIOSHEPHARD

PUBLICATIONS» DEFENCE HELICOPTER The magazine for the military and public service helicopter industry. Six issues per year.

» UNMANNED VEHICLES Dedicated to the unmanned systems industry – platforms, payloads, missions. Ten issues per year.

» DIGITAL BATTLESPACETargeting the global C4ISTAR community. Launch issue will be published September 2008.

» ANNUAL HANDBOOKS Electronic Warfare, Digital Battlespace, Night Vision.

EVENTS» FUTURE LAND WARFARE 2008 12-13 JUNE London, UK www.shephard.co.uk/events

» AIR POWER MIDDLE-EAST 2008 12-13 OCT Abu Dhabi, UAE www.shephard.co.uk/events

» ELECTRONIC WARFARE 2009 MAY 2009 Munich, Germany www.shephard.co.uk/ew

CONTACTThe Shephard Press, 268 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 4DX, UK

Tel: +44 (0)1753 727001 Fax: +44 (0)1753 727002

even for individual soldiers. Compared with radar jammers, for example, capable of defending aircraft or ships, these are cheap and simple pieces of technology, but the sheer numbers required in Iraq and Afghanistan where the IED is the weapon of choice for insurgents and terrorists means that they will absorb large amounts of money for the foreseeable future.

This is EW for the close quarter battle using concepts developed for strike aircraft operations in which support jamming would be intended to deny an enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum with which he could build and maintain situational awareness and strike back at the attackers. It is also a success story and has doubtless saved many lives. Terrorists adapt, of course, and fall back on unjammable low-tech solutions such as trip wires, pressure plates and command wires, but these are either more random in their effects or much riskier to operate and so are less effective. The RCIED jammer, therefore, reduces the terrorists’ options.

The other close quarter EW story is less happy. That is the battle against the RPG and the guided anti-armour missile. Several systems variously combine millimetre wave radar, passive infrared and laser sensors with short range missiles of some kind to destroy incoming projectiles. This is a particularly demanding technology as it must be effective against threats but must also minimise risks to friendly troops and non- combatants in the vicinity. The basic idea, however, is one that has been used successfully in the close-in defence of warships for many years. If there’s a lesson in this it is that all EW is connected.

Peter Donaldson, [email protected]

One of our biggest inventions just became smaller.

The world’s most comprehensive integrated EW Suite for airborne platforms just

became smaller – and smarter. In fact, the CIDAS family is so compact and capable you

can use it on any aircraft, any mission, anywhere. The extremely modular and lightweight

solution allows you to choose any combination of our radar (CIDAS-300), missile and

laser warners and countermeasures dispensing. It will significantly enhance the surviv-

ability of your fighter, helicopter or transport aircraft.

SAAB AVITRONICSwww.saabgroup.com

SAVI-089 EW Handbook.indd 1 2008-04-04 10.25.27

Electronic Warfare Handbook 2008

VIEW » Peter donaldson

4 visit us at www.shephard.co.uk 5

According to respected defence market soothsayers Forecast International, the world market for EW systems will be worth an estimated US $23 billion in

development and production contracts over the next decade. The company’s study entitled ‘The Market for Electronic Warfare Systems’ predicts that around 35,814 units of leading electronic countermeasures (ECM), radar warning receivers (RWRs), electronic support measures (ESM), and other EW systems that make up this analysis are expected to be produced through 2017. While that might look like a substantial figure, it averages out at just $2.3 billion per year. That is really rather small compared with defence budgets in total and in particular that of the US Joint IED Defeat Office (JIEDDO) which looks set to absorb up to $4.5 billion in 2008 alone, according to one estimate.

‘The need to counter IEDs has led to a sharp demand for systems and research designed specifically for that task,’ said Andrew Dardine, Forecast International senior aerospace and defense analyst and author of the analysis. ‘The threat from these devices has only grown in size and sophistication over the past few years. As a result, major contracts have been awarded to move the effort forward.’

A recent beneficiary of this funding is Mercury Computer Systems, a subsidiary of Mercury Federal Systems Inc. In March, the company received a US $2.5 million contract award from the US Army’s CECOM organisation at Ft Monmouth in New Jersey, for development and demonstration of a test bed to support the Joint Counter Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare (JCREW) programme. This test bed will be used by the US Government to develop and test advanced open-architecture technology for counter-IED systems development, says the company.

Under this contract, Mercury will provide an open- systems digital signal processing (DSP) architecture and systems engineering support services both to the US government and to contractors that use the test bed facilities. In addition, says Mercury, it will demonstrate a scalable data acquisition and processing application within a very dense, size/weight/power (SWaP)-constrained environment. Mercury will further demonstrate the X-Midas platform-independent software framework as an application environment, which is designed to re-use

existing applications from other government and contractor sources for developing DSP applications.

At the same time, Mercury also announced a related agreement with ITT Electronic Systems to demonstrate algorithm component portability for the JCREW test bed architecture, which is an important element of the R&D objectives of the program. ‘It is our intention to collaborate with high-technology companies such as Mercury, to enable the rapid design and development of affordable electronic warfare systems for military applications,’ said Pete Steensma, director, advanced concepts and technology at ITT Electronic Systems. ‘We look forward t o this relationship and the mutual pursuit of follow-on opportunities in the electronic warfare market.’

MEETING CREW ObjECTIVESOther defence giants are also benefiting, including Northrop Grumman and BAE Systems, but they don’t have this emerging EW market to themselves. On 16 January, the US Navy picked Northrop Grumman to design, develop and deliver systems to counter radio controlled IEDs in both dismounted and mounted versions, which are elements of the US DoD’s JCREW effort.

‘Our solution demonstrates the inherent capabilities and flexibility of our software-defined radio technology to meet CREW objectives,’ said Jerry Agee, corporate vice president and president of Northrop Grumman Mission Systems sector. ‘We are committed to the success of CREW and look forward to working closely with NAVSEA to aid our country in defeating IEDs.’

Under a one-year, $16 million cost-plus-award-fee contract from the Naval Sea Systems Command, Northrop Grumman must rapidly develop and demonstrate flexible CREW technology and systems that address evolving threats. The company is contracted to deliver seven dismounted and seven mounted development model CREW systems and provide engineering support services, training, maintenance and repair.

On 17 January, just a day after the announcement of Northrop Grumman’s NAVSEA contract, BAE Systems in York, Pennsylvania said that it had received a $7 million contract modification from the US Army to prepare almost 1,700 Bradley combat vehicles to receive IED jammers.

Under this contract, the company will manufacture and install the A-kits, which are the assemblies used to mount the system, onto 1,691 Bradleys. The system to be installed, the CREW-2 is made by Syracuse Research Corporation and is designed to counter a wide range of RCIEDs.

With this modification, the contract – originally awarded in July 2007 from the Army’s TACOM Life-Cycle Manage- ment Command for $7 million is now worth $14 million.

The A-kits will be produced at BAE Systems’ York, Pennsylvania facility with installation being performed at Ft Bliss, Texas and Ft Stewart, Georgia. Work on the contract is expected to begin in May 2008 and continue until September 2009.

Obviously, some of that JIEDDO money is going into EW systems to jam mobile phone and other RF signals used to detonate remote controlled IEDs (and probably into other technologies able to detect their electronic circuitry), but a large proportion will go into other, non-electronic defeat mechanisms such as armour. While it is impossible to argue against any effort to counter the biggest threat to US, NATO and coalition troops in theatre, the sums involved put the spend on more traditional EW into perspective and raised the question of whether the area is actually suffering significant neglect.

To answer that question would take more space than is available here, but the worry is more a long term than a short term one. As an illustration, helicopters that go into Iraq and Afghanistan now must have good defensive aids suites if they are to be operationally effective, and for the most part they are getting them – usually through Urgent Operational Requirements (UORs) in UK parlance and equivalent procedures in other nations. The Danes, for example, rapidly adapted their podded AMASE helicopter DAS (originally developed in short order for its Apache

attack helicopters) for its Fennec scouts. The long term worry is encapsulated in that annual $2.3 billion figure and the possible diversion of resources that the, admittedly vital, IED jammers represent.

EW INTEGRATION CAPAbILITIESAs helicopters will remain vital to war fighting into the foreseeable future, money is being allocated to protect types yet to enter service. In February, Northrop Grumman announced that it had been selected by the US Naval Aviation Systems Command for phase two of the APR-39 radar warning receiver (RWR) integration programme for the Navy’s new CH-53K helicopters.

Under the terms of the $17 million contract, Northrop Grumman will incorporate all electronic warfare (EW) integration capabilities of the A(V)2 and B(V)2 versions of its APR-39 RWR now in production – including EW controller and integration interfaces to multiple missile and laser warning sensors – into the existing fleet of CH-53Ks. The phase two programme also includes the integration of the APR-39 RWR with Northrop Grumman’s Directional Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) systems onboard each of the helicopters.

‘The insertion of new, faster processors into the APR-39 in addition to the massive memory expansion will upgrade the system and allow programmers to keep up with threat developments,’ said Greg Schmidt, vice president of radio frequency combat and information systems programs at Northrop Grumman’s Aerospace Systems Division. ‘In addition, the integration of APR-39 and DIRCM will provide a state-of-the-art solution for warfighters looking to

COUNTER IED NEEDS DRIVE EW MARKET

Is the new money going into the fight against a widespread but low-tech threat, risking long term neglect of EW development? By Peter Donaldson

» Bomb jammers that block RF signals used to trigger bombs are saving lives in Iraq and Aghanistan. (us army)


protect against electro-optical, infrared, radio frequency and electronic warfare threats.’ According to the company, the APR-39 B(V)X upgrade is scheduled for completion and flight testing in late 2009 or early 2010.

Northrop Grumman says that its DIRCM system is the only such aircraft protection system currently in production and is now installed or scheduled for installation on several hundred military aircraft to protect approx-imately 40 different large fixed-wing transports and small rotary-wing platforms from infrared missile attacks. The system functions by automatically detecting a missile launch, determining if it is a threat and activating a high-intensity laser-based countermeasure system to track and defeat the missile.

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have moved the focus of defensive EW development into the close quarter battle on the ground, both against IEDs and other cheap, simple yet hard–to-counter systems, RPGs in particular. Now there are several systems under development that purport to be able to shoot down RPGs and anti-tank guided missiles even when such weapons are fired from ranges so short that there is very little time to react. Such systems are vital to protect vehicles too small to carry thick armour or others, such as helicopters, which have severe weight constraints for other, obvious, reasons. This kind of system has to react instantly and automatically while minimising risk to friendly troops or non-combatants who happen to be near the vehicle. This is a tall order and seems to be stretching the technology – very closely integrated sensors and effectors controlled by complex software – and most seem to be encountering difficulties and delays in development and widespread fielding is still probably a long way off.

Meanwhile, in the world of EW systems for fast movers, the suite for the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter is moving forward. In September, BAE Systems in Nashua, New Hampshire, announced that it had completed acceptance testing for spiral release 2. According to the company, the system met all contractual requirements during formal evaluation by Lockheed Martin. This spiral release provides the capabilities to perform initial manufacturing system checkouts on F-35 BF-4, the first full avionics aircraft, scheduled to fly in the first quarter of 2009, says BAE Systems.

‘Delivery of the first flight-representative electronic warfare system for F-35 maintains our track record of being

on time, on cost, and under weight after 66 months of F-35 system design and development,’ said Dan Gobel, Joint Strike Fighter electronic warfare vice president for BAE Systems.

The system was delivered to Lockheed Martin Aeronautics’ Mission Systems Integration Laboratory in Fort Worth, Texas. It will be used for integration and then released to the production

floor and installed in an F-35 aircraft.Big ticket items such as the F-35 suite and the urgent

efforts to get IED jamming systems into service can be deceptive in that they distract attention from the fact that governments have long been reluctant to fund expensive EW development work. A situation, according to Forecast International, that has driven EW manufacturers to seek new markets for their technologies, such as missile protection for civilian airliners.

‘The need to protect civilian airliners and other non-military aircraft has led many companies to invest large sums of money into adapting their military infrared (IR) countermeasures systems to new uses. The scope of this effort is truly international, with companies such as Saab, EADS, and Israel’s Rafael taking a strong lead, as well as BAE systems and Northrop Grumman.’

HISTORIC LAIRCM FUNDINGWhile the prospect of equipping civilian aircraft is far from certain, the military demand for this technology is more assured, says Forecast International. Northrop Grumman’s Large Aircraft IR Countermeasures (LAIRCM) system is expected to be installed on a growing number of NATO and US aircraft. The FY08/09 US defense budget features one of the biggest allotments for LAIRCM development and procurement in the system’s history.

The Pentagon plans to spend well over $1 billion through FY13 on procurement of the systems for these aircraft, declaring that its long-range desire is to equip a total of 444 aircraft.

Andrew Dardine, Forecast International’s senior aerospace and defence analyst, believes that the need to adapt and adopt airborne electronic attack (AEA) systems will also be a major market driver. ‘Low-rate initial production of the US Navy’s all-important EA-18G Growler AEA platform is to run through 2009-2012. Meanwhile, upgraded EA-6B Prowlers are deploying as fast as they can be completed. Desperately needing to disrupt and disable enemy communications on a moment’s notice, the US Marine Corp has already taken an early lead in the program, procuring its own fleet of upgraded aircraft.’

In terms of funding, based on a projection of the current US defense budget, Dardine concludes that the Navy will likely spend more than $2.3 billion over the next 10 years on R&D for EW technology. Likewise, the Air Force can be expected to commit some $673.6 million for its own EW needs – a number that may change dramatically with the prospect of a possibly renewed B-52 Airborne Electronic Attack programme, he says. ≥

» Low rate initial production of the EA-18G Growler is scheduled to run from 2009 to 2012.

Communications • Sensing & Surveillance • Space • Advanced Engineering & Integrated Services

ITT is proud to join forces with EDO Corporation. Our partnership enhances ITT’s ability to support our customers’ evolving needs. By combining our mutual strengths, we play an important role in programs such as the Joint Strike Fighter, the Coast Guard Deepwaterprogram, and initiatives to counter IEDs. It also brings us a step closer to our ultimate goal. Bringing warfighters home, safe and sound. To find out more, visit defense.itt.com.

Together with EDO, we’ve got their backs. And fronts. And sides.

ITT, the Engineered Blocks logo, and ENGINEERED FOR LIFE are registered trademarks of ITT Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc., and are used under license. ©2008, ITT Corporation.

5770ITT_EDO_ElcWrfHnd 4/8/08 10:26 AM Page 1

airbornE systEms

ground systEms

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EQuiPmEnt AIRBORNE SYSTEMS

While every effort has been made to

provide accurate information, the

publishers cannot be held responsible

for errors or omissions. If you have any

comments, additions or corrections you

would like to be made, please contact

the editor.

The equipment featured in this section is divided into:

± Chaff, flare and decoy systems

± ELINT and COMINT Systems

± IR Jammers

± Laser warning receivers

± Missile launch detectors and approach warners

± Radio frequency jammers

± Radar warning receivers

± Integrated self-protection systems

Within each section, the systems are listed in alphabetical order by name or alphanumeric designation.

F u r t h e r o n.

Just another day at the office.

For aircrew, the office is always a busy place. Tocarry out their missions successfully they needevery assistance to help understand and dealwith the threat environment. That’s why wedeveloped the Helicopter Integrated DefensiveAids System (HIDAS) utilising multi-spectralsensors and pre-loaded intelligence to producecomprehensive tactical pictures of theoperating environment.The system offers optimum self-protection byrapidly identifying hostile weapon systems

and initiating appropriate tactics andcountermeasures. Radar, laser and missilewarning systems, not to mention acountermeasures dispensing system, combineto take the weight off the crew’s shoulders.Working closely with industry partners we canintegrate the best sensor and countermeasuretechnologies available to help those whoroutinely go into harm’s way, and get themhome safely after a hard day at the office.www.selexgalileo.com

SELEX GALILEO is the single brand identity for SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems and Galileo Avionica.

109268 Helicopter EWH 210x150 4/4/08 14:16 Page 1

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AIR » chaff, flare and decoy systems

10 visit us at www.shephard.co.uk

chaff, flare and decoy systems « AIR

11

CHAFF, FLARE & DECOY SYSTEMS

ADVANCED COUNTERMEASURES DISPENSING SYSTEMACDS computer controlled airborne combat proven system, with enhanced capabilities for chaff, flare and advanced decoy dispensing. Functions as a stand alone or integrated with EW Suit, ACDS includes a wide range of Smart Dispensers. The NVG Compatible Mini-Control and Display Unit provide display of the threat direction detected by EW sensors and generates Audio Warning. The system interfaces with EW warning systems, Aircraft Avionics and Smart Dispensers of any type. bAE SYSTEMS Rokar International

ADVANCED COUNTERMEASURES DISPENSING SYSTEM PODThe ACDS Pod can be offered in a sub-sonic or super-sonic pod installation. The system can function both as a stand alone self protection system with the installation of a MWS in the pod or as an integrated part of an EW Suit. Directions of dispensing are easily adjustable on ground. bAE SYSTEMS Rokar International

ADVANCED DIGITAL DISPENSING SYSTEM c z sComputer controlled, threat adaptive countermeasures dispensing system for use on fast jets, helicopters, transport and maritime patrol aircraft. Via its cockpit control and display unit, ADDS can dispense chaff, flare, RF and future types of expendable payloads. bAE SYSTEMS Rokar International

ALE-38/41 z Bulk dispensing systems used by USAF (-38) and USN (41) for laying chaff corridors. Can also be linked to RWR for aircraft self-protection. Dedicated to chaff. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALE-39b x z Countermeasures dispensing system for chaff, flares and expendable radar jammers such as POET and GEN-X. Expendables are loaded in multiples of 10 and can be fired manually or automatically under warning receiver control. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALE-40 x zChaff/flare dispensing system for fixed-wing aircraft. Comes in several configurations adapted to different aircraft types. Contains 30 chaff cartridges or 15 flare cartridges per dispenser. Loaded weight 60 kg. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALE-45 zInternally mounted chaff/flare dispensing system for F-15s. Automatic response to threat notification given by RWR, tail warning set or pilot. Incorporates programmer assembly, four dispensing switch assemblies and eight stores magazines. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALE-47 s x zThreat adaptive, internally or externally mounted chaff/flare/expendable jammer dispensing system. Manual operation mode provides six pre-programmed, cockpit selectable, dispensing sequence / programmes. Symetrics Industries Inc

ALE-47 AV FAMILYThe ALE-47AV incorporates the latest in dispenser systems technology bringing the standard ALE-47 family, to the front of the modern dispenser systems. ALE-47AV uses information from EW sensors such as RWR and MWS to determine the correct response to defeat IR and RF threats. The ALE-47AV includes a wide range of Smart Dispensers of different types: for internal, dual and external mounting. Combat proven the ALE-47AV family is the trusted system of choice for aircraft and aviator survivability. bAE SYSTEMS Rokar International

ALE-50 TOWED DECOY SYSTEM m z Acts as a preferential target that lures enemy missiles away by providing a much larger radar cross-section than the aircraft. System consists of a launch controller, launcher and towed decoy. The decoy control/monitor electronics and power supply are contained in the launch controller. The launcher which holds the decoy magazine, can be customized to fit any candidate aircraft. The decoy has a ten year shelf life and is packaged in a sealed canister which also contains the payout reel. RAYTHEON Systems Company

ALE-52 zChaff and flare dispenser for F-22 fighter aircraft. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALE-55 zFibre Optic Towed Decoy (FOTD) designed for a wide range of platform types. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/ALE-43(V) s x zLarge, internally or pod mounted chaff cutter dispenser. Pod length 337 cm and diameter 48 cm. Pod empty weight 138.5 kg, internal unit 36 kg. Pod chaff payload weighs 145 kg, internal 164 kg. Alliant Techsystems

ARIEL TOWED RADAR DECOY x zSlaved or autonomous fibre-optic towed deception/repeater jammer for fast jets or large fixed-wing aircraft. H-J band frequency coverage. Spherical spatial coverage. Noise, repeater and advanced countermeasures techniques. Fitted to Tornado and Typhoon. Technology demonstrator under way with DSTL for solid state version. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

bOL zAn advanced electro-mechanical, non-pyrotechnic countermeasures dispenser with proven superior performance. It holds 160 chaff/IR packages, up to five times more than conventional dispensers. Placed out on the wings, vortices will greatly improve dispersion and provide the rapid blooming rate essential to breaking radar locks and, in pre-emptive mode, deny acquisition of IR-seekers. The system is in operational service on US Navy’s F-14 Tomcat, UK Harrier GR7 and Tornado, USAir Force’s/Air National Guard’s F-15 Eagle and the Swedish Gripen fighter.. The system is currently under development for Royal Australian Air Force’s F/A-18 Hornet and in production for EF-2000 Typhoon. Countermeasures dispensing system designed to fit missile launch rails, but conformal version usually preferred. Saab Avitronics

bOL 300-SERIES COUNTERMEASURES DISPENSER zCountermeasures dispensing system designed to fit inside modified LAU-7 missile launch rails. The original Gas Bottle is replaced with a front mounted new Gas Bottle providing cooling for the AIM-9 IR seeker head. RR-184 Chaff and MJU-52/B IR payload is stored in plastic frames with each BOL Dispenser taking 160 packs. Saab Avitronics

bOL 500-SERIES COUNTERMEASURES DISPENSER s zThe BOL countermeasures dispenser is now in production and available for integration into CRL and LAU-12x family of AMRAAM and AIM-9X launchers. The BOL 500-series Dispenser can also be fitted inside Pylons or a purpose built Conformal Housing to be fitted on the side of Pylons or the Aircraft fuselage. Saab Avitronics

bOP-L s xThe new range of lightweight, intelligent and high performance countermeasures dispensers, specifically designed for helicopters, where weight and space must be considered, and for transport aircraft. The BOP-L family of advanced countermeasures dispensers offers superior system integration and levels of protection for helicopters and transport aircraft. Flexible configuration, low weight in conjunction with high performance makes BOP-L a perfect choice in new and retrofit installations. Takes NATO 1 x 1 and 2 x 1 inch payloads. Saab Avitronics

bOZ EC (ENHANCED CAPAbILITY) zChaff and flare dispensing system suitable for high-speed aircraft. Provides aircraft with high capacity and extended duration countermeasures protection both pre-emptive and reactive. A chaff and flare dispenser controller (CFDC) is built into the pod to manage dispenser communication, control and BIT. Has cocktail capability, ie the possibility to eject different types of flares in different trajectories in any sequence to provide protection from advanced IR threats. Achieved by the integration of forward and sideways firing pyrotechnical dispensers. Effectiveness equivalent to BOL. Can also feature an aft sector missile approach warner. Is compatible inertially and aerodynamically with BOZ pod. Saab Avitronics

bVP-30-26M zChaff/flare dispenser for MiG 29. Comprises two fin root extension mounted 26 mm magazines with 30 round capacity.

CADS zCountermeasures dispensing system for (fast) combat aircraft. A typical configuration will include one cockpit control unit, one management unit and dispensing chassis adapted to the aircraft configuration. Alkan

CHAFF & FLARE CARTRIDGES x s zFamily of leading edge, visually covert, Special Material Decoys (SMD) IR countermeasures designed to protect fighter, transport and helicopter aircraft from MANPADS and air-air IR-guided missiles. MJU-50/B (1x1x8’) and MJU-51/B (2x1x8’) were developed under USAF ASTE programme, the MJU-64 developed by the USN, and are compatible with ALE-40, 45, 47, M130, and any CMDS capable of employing these form factors. M-211 (1x1x8’) developed under US Army AIRCMM programme for advanced helicopter protection and use in ALE-40, 45, 47, M130, and any CMDS capable of employment of 1x1x8’ countermeasures. MJU-49 for all aircraft fitted with ALE-39 or capable of expending 36mm x 5.8” round decoys. MJU-52/BOL IR infrared decoys for employment with the SSAB BOL dispenser. Alloy Surfaces Co Inc (a subsidiary of the Chemring Group)

CHAFF & FLARE CARTRIDGES Family of chaff and IR expendables. Including: M-206 – 207 x 25 x 25 mm (0.04 kg) IR decoy flare, MJU-x – 264 x 74 mm (0.4 kg) IR decoy flare, RR-129/AL – 147 x 36 mm (0.23 kg) chaff cartridge. 136/AL – 196 x 40 mm (0.09 kg) chaff cartridge, 170/AL – 207 x 25 x 25 mm (0.03 kg) chaff cartridge, 171/AL – 31 m long (19 kg) chaff roll, 179/AL – 19 kg chaff roving bundle matching any frequency in A-L bands. bAE SYSTEMS North America

CHAFF AND FLARE EXPENDAbLES x s zStandard and customer-tailored IR and RF Countermeasures, including advanced aerodynamic, thrusted and spectral flares in a variety of formats to counter advanced missile threats. Compatible with Tracor (now BAE SYSTEMS) AN/ALE-39, 40, 45, 47 and M130, Alkan, MBDA, Rokar, MES ECDS, Vinten (Thales), SAAB Avitronics and Russian dispensers. Proprietary Modular Expendable Block (MEB) is based on need to increase number of chaff and/or flare salvos. Suits wide range of digital dispensers. Chemring Countermeasures Ltd, a member of Chemring Group

» USAF F-15E Strike Eagles from the 494th Fighter Squadron launch chaff and flares while flying toward the Royal Air Force Holbeach bombing range. (us air force)



12

COMET IR COUNTERMEASURES POD z xLarge capacity IR decoy material dispenser designed to provide up to 30 minutes of continuous protection for combat and transport aircraft operating at low altitude. The system is pre-emptive and does not require cueing from warning sensors. Six canisters in the pod can be driven independently or together to mimic the engine signature throughout the flight envelope. Illustrations show Comet fitted to A10 and C130. RAYTHEON COMPANY

CORAIL x zConformal or pod mounted chaff and flare dispenser. Holds between 56 and 126 cartridges depending on their size. Measures 2,616 x 163 x 218 mm, weighs 130 kg. In service on Mirage F1. MbDA

DM/A-202 s zChaff and flare dispenser consisting of a control and display unit and four launching units (expandable to eight). Each launch unit includes firing circuits and a removable magazine and may be installed internally or externally. Normal payload is 108 chaff or 54 flare cartridges. CDU shows cartridges remaining and includes a dispensing mode selector. DTS Ltda

DUAL bAND SPECTRAL FLARES s x zSpectral flares from Wallop Defence Systems are designed to decoy the latest in discriminating dual-band infra-red seeking missiles and are fully compatible for deployment from Western dispensers. Operationally-proven, dual band spectral flares provide helicopter, transport aircraft and fast jets with unrivalled protection against modern man-portable air defence system (MANPADS) missile threats. 118 Spectral Flares: DSTL 02 – Cross Section 25 x 25 mm; Length 205 mm; Weight 140 g; Ejected Weight 85 g; Ejection Velocity 25 to 35 m/sec; Burn Duration >3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers: AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47 Series, M130, VICON 78, MES,Terma, Rokar, Alkan & Saphir. Typical Aircraft: Lynx, Puma, Sea King, EH101, CH47 Chinook, Cougar, AH64 Apache, C130, A109, B412. 218 Spectral Flares: HS2S Mk 1 – Cross Section 25 x 50 mm; Length 205 mm; Weight 268 g; Ejected Weight 189 g; Ejection Velocity 30 to 60 m/sec; Burn Duration >2.5 sec. Typical Dispensers: AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47 Series, M130, VICON 78, Terma & Alkan. Typical Aircraft: F16, Harrier GR9, C130, AV8B, Jaguar. DSTL 24 – Cross Section 25x50mm; Length 205mm; Weight 250g; Ejected Weight 171 g; Ejection Velocity 30-60m/s; Burn Duration >3s. Typical Dispensers: AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47 Series,M130, VICON 78, Terma & Alkan. F16, Harrier GR9, C130, AV8B, Jaguar. 36mm Spectral Flares: HS6S (36S) – Cross Section 36 mm diameter; Length 148 mm; Weight 280 g; Ejected Weight 190 g; Ejection Velocity 20-45m/sec; Burn Duration 3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers: AN-ALE-39B & 47 Series & VICON 78. Typical Aircraft: A7, EA-6B, F/A-18, P3, MH-60. Wallop Defence Systems

ECLAIR-M zComplementary decoy dispenser to SPIRALE in service on all versions of Mirage 2000; integrated in drag-chute bay; integrated with SPIRALE system, quadrupling its flare capacity. MbDA

ELIPS-NG sChaff and flare dispensing system for helicopters and light aircraft. In service with French and foreign air forces on various helicopters. Can accept any kind of cartridge and manage up to 384. Up to three types can be mixed in a magazine. Can be linked to RWRs or MWRs. ALKAN

FG-3, FG-6, FG-9 INFRARED FLARES zFully compatible in form, fit and function with M-206, MJU-7B and MJU-10B flares respectively; all use Magnesium/PTFE cartridge pellets; FG-3 has dimensions 25 x 25 x 205 mm, dispensed from AN/ALE-40/47, M-130, ADDS, SAMP 60/120/240; FG-6 has dimensions 25 x 51 x 205 mm, dispensed from AN/ALE-40/47, ADDS, SAMP 60/120/240; FG-9 has dimensions 64 x 51 x 205 mm, dispensed by AN/ALE-40/47, ADDS, SAMP 60/120/240. Israel Military Industries Ltd

GT-1 Countermeasures dispensing system capable of ejecting chaff (up to 68 cartridges) that covers 2-18 GHz and flares (up to 32 cartridges) covering 1.5 to 5 micron IR waveband. China National Import and Export Corporation, beijing

INTEGRATED COUNTERMEASURES DISPENSER (ICMD) sIntegral element of AN/ALQ-212 Advanced Threat Infrared Countermeasures System (ATIRCM) bAE SYSTEMS North America

KILGORE IR COUNTERMEASURE FLARES c s x zFamily of IR decoy flares. KC-001 – dimensions 36 x 148 mm; weight 270 g; compatibility D27/ALE-39 A magazine, MX-7721/ALE-29A, MX-7829/ALE-29A, AN/ALE-39. KC-002 – dimensions 25 x 52 x 205 mm; weight 375 g; KC-003 – dimensions 36 x 148 mm; weight 270 g; compatibility AN/ALE-29A and AN/ALE-39. KC-004 – cross section 55 mm; length 375 mm; weight 1.65 kg; ejected weight 2 x 650 g. KC-006 – dimensions 52 x 65 x 205 mm; weight 1,020 g. MJU-7A/B 25 x 52 x 205 mm, weight 370 g. MJU-10/B- 52 x 65 x 205 mm, weight 1.2 kg. M206 – dimensions 25 x 25 x 205 mm, weight 200 g. MJU-32/B – dimensions 36 x 148 mm, weight 273 g. MJU-38/B – dimensions 36 x 148 mm, weight 273 g. MJU-39/B – F-22 Flare MJU-40/B – F-22 Flare. Kilgore Flares Co LLC, a member of Chemring Group

L-028K x zChaff dispenser for medium to large transports and fast jets. Russian electronics industry

LACROIX CHAFF, FLARE AND DECOY SYSTEMS s x zVerdite (IR) and Junon (Chaff) are three-shot 19 mm diameter cartridges. IR output is adapted to signature of helicopters. Junon is a wide RF bandwidth chaff cartridge optimized to protect helicopter. Verdite and Junon are integrated onto MUCALIR ammunition for Saphir dispenser (MBDA) Helir ammunition for Elips dispenser (Alkan), M119 magazine and any other type of existing dispenser. Lacroix Airborne Countermeasures

LACROIX CHAFF AND FLARE CARTRIDGES s x zLacroix makes a wide range of chaff IR and electro-optical decoy cartridges dedicated to protection of any type of platforms (Mirage family, F16, F18, C160, C130, helicopters etc). Decoy cartridges are compatible with any type of dispensers. Signatures of decoys are optimized for type of platform to be protected. Lacroix produces dual band IR flares to defeat advanced threats. Lacroix Airborne Countermeasures.

© 2008 Lockheed Martin Corporation

Address Interpretation

C-130J GMLRS

F-35 Lightning II

UKCATT

Swanwick Centre

MCSP

Longbow/Arrowhead

Sniper ATP

Tactical Wheeled Vehicles

BETWEEN PARTNERSHIPS PROMISED AND PARTNERSHIPS ACHIEVED,

THERE IS ONE IMPORTANT WORD: HOW.

In a world that continues to change dramatically, governments increasingly seek to accomplish

their most vital goals by working with advanced technology companies from around the globe.

Building and sustaining partnerships that achieve their objectives is a matter of how. And it is

the how that makes all the difference.

302-54677_HowPart_UK_EW.indd 1 4/14/08 10:56:44 AM




chaff, flare and decoy systems « AIR

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M-130 sCountermeasures dispensing system developed for helicopters using ALE-40 technology. Used on a wide variety of helicopters. Compatible with M1 and RR-170A/AL chaff cartridges and M206 flares. bAE SYSTEMS North America.

MCP xModular Countermeasures Pod can house up to 10 chaff/flare magazines, towed decoy, missile warning system. Usually controlled by ALQ-213/EWMS. Empty pod weighs 65 kg and measures 227 x 38 x 44 cm TERMA AS

MICLIR sExternal diameter 19 mm; length 150 mm; burning time >=2 s; maximum output 1.4 kW/s; temperature range -40 deg to +70 deg; rise time 100 mx, decoy life 5 years, 3 months on helicopter. Lacroix Airborne Countermeasures

MTV FLARES s x zTraditional point source Magnesium Teflon Viton (MTV) flares are designed to counter the earlier generations of IR MANPADS. They are produced in rectangular and round form factors to the customer’s technical and performance specifications. They can be used in a wide range of flare dispensing systems and are also available with innovative developments. All Wallop Defence Systems flares are fitted with a unique safety and initiating mechanism that conforms to NATO STANAG 3525 (DEF STAN 13-27) and UK Ordnance Board regulations. 118 MTV Flares DSTL 44: Cross Section 25x25mm; Length 205mm; Weight 169 g; Ejected Weight 114 g; Ejection Velocity 26-54m/s; Burn Duration >3s. Typical Dispensers AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47 Series, M130, VICON 78, MES, Terma, Rokar, Alkan, Saphir. Typical Aircraft: Lynx, Puma, Sea King, EH101, CH47 Chinook, Cougar, AH64 Apache, C130, A109, B412.DSTL 45 – As DSTL 44 apart from >3.5 sec burn duration. 118 MTV/AERO Flares: DSTL 22 – Cross Section 25x25mm; Length 205 mm; Weight 197 g; Ejected Weight 142 g; Ejection Velocity 35-55m/s; Burn Duration >4 sec. Typical Dispensers – As DSTL 44. Typical Aircraft – As DSTL 44. 218 MTV Flares: DSTL 46 and DSTL 47 – Cross Section 25x50mm; Length 205 mm; Weight 338 g; Ejected Weight 259 g; Ejection Velocity 25 to 35 m/sec; Burn Duration > 3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47 Series, M130, VICON 78, Terma, Alkan. Typical Aircraft F16, Harrier GR9, C130, AV8B, Jaguar. 228 MTV Flares: HS4 – Cross Section 50 x 64 mm; Length 205 mm; Weight 1.16 kg; Ejected Weight 0.94 kg; Ejection Velocity 19-31m/sec; Burn Duration >3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers AN-ALE 40, 45 & 47 Series, M130, VICON 78. Typical Aircraft C-17, F15, Tornado ADV. 36 mm MTV: HS6 – Cross Section 36 mm diameter; Length148 mm; Weight 280 g; Ejected Weight 190 g; Ejection Velocity 20-30m/sec; Burn Duration >3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers AN-ALE-39B & 47 Series, VICON 78. Typical Aircraft A7, EA-6B, F/A-18, P3, MH-60. Cart CM 55mm MTV: No1 Mk2A – Cross Section 55 mm diameter; Length 375 mm; Weight 1.63kg; Ejected Weight 2x650g; Ejection Velocity 16-31m/s; Burn Duration >3.5 sec. Typical Dispensers BOZ 107, VICON 78, BOP/Z. Typical Aircraft Tornado GR4, F3, IDS. Wallop Defence Systems

MUCALIR sExternal diameter 19 mm; length 150 mm; burning time >= 2 s; maximum output 1.4 kW/s; temperature range -40 deg to +70 deg; rise time < 100 ms; decoy life 5 years, 3 months on aircraft. Lacroix Airborne Countermeasures

MULTI-bLU CARTRIDGE s zSplit F-3 (M-206 EQ) pellet in three parts with built in ejection delays providing three times more protection than standard flares. Dimensions 1 x 1 x 8 in. Overall weight 230 g. Israel Military Industries Ltd

OZISIK CMDSAirborne Helicopter Counter Measure Dispenser System. OZISIK CMDS is used to dispense Chaff/Flare decoys to seduce RF/IR guided missiles in order to protect helicopter platforms. It consists of five LRUs: System Control Unit, Dispense Control Unit, Dispenser Base, Magazine and Safety Switch. Aselsan

PHIMAT zPod-mounted chaff dispenser for fast jets. Carries 210 chaff packs. Can be fired manually or triggered by RWR. Is 3.6 m long x 1.08 m diameter. Weighs 105 kg. In service on various fighters. MbDA

PYLON INTEGRATED DISPENSER STATION (PIDS) zPylon mounted system for countermeasures dispensers on F-16s. It also accommodates missile warning sensors on Royal Danish Air Force F-16s, the EADS MILDS F, AN/AAR60(V)2. TERMA AS

RHEINMETALL’S CHAFF AND FLARE SYSTEMS c x zHigh efficient spectrally balanced decoys, array flares and spot flares to protect carrier aircrafts, helicopters and jets against infrared-guided missiles. Aircraft-like signature with fast rise time combined with high radiant intensity render RWM’s products are suitable for protection against modern SAM/AAM with infrared seeker heads, including those with two-colour ratio discrimination. The efficiency is seeker tested. Examples include the DM69 A2 Array Flare, a 2x1x8 in flare, fitting AN/ALE-40/47 dispensers. Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH

SAMP 60/120/240A SERIES CHAFF AND FLARE DISPENSERS s x zStand-alone dispensers which can be integrated into a complete self-protection EW suite. SAMP 60A consists of control and operating panel and two 30-round chaff/flare magazines, while SAMP 120A/240A holds up to 4/8 magazines, each with 30-round chaff/flare. The system allows selection of manual, semi-automatic and automatic operating modes, trigger modes and continuously displays inventory. It has 3 BIT levels and is NVG compatible. The system holds up to 16 dispense, escape or jettison programs and support operating of two programs in parallel. Israel Military Industries Ltd

SAPHIR sChaff/flare system in service on Fennec, Gazelle, Lynx, Puma and Cougar helicopters; in production for Tiger and NH-90 (SAPHIR-M version); each dispenser has between 18 and 72 cartridges depending on cartridge size; 2 – 10 dispensers per system; pilot selects from 12 settings (plus default ‘survival’ mode) with various numbers of salvos, cartridges per salvo and intervals between salvos; integration into ECM system allows semi-automatic and automatic triggering. MbDA

SAPHIR 400 xLarge capacity chaff/flare dispenser for A400M European transport aircraft. Fully compatible with all decoy standards and formats. MbDA

SKY bUZZER x zA high-power, radar jamming and deception decoy to protect both fighter and transport/mission aircraft. It is effective against a wide range of radars (including monopulse) by producing angular errors in target tracking radar or missile seeker heads. The jamming techniques are generated onboard by an advanced Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) and transferred to the decoy via a fibre optic cable. Sky Buzzer does not affect the aerodynamic behaviour of the aircraft. It can be deployed by parachute (for later recovery) or retrieved during flight by an active winch. The high effectiveness of Sky Buzzerhas been successfully approved on Tornado, F-4 Phantom and other aircraft. EADS Airborne Systems

SPIRALE zInternally mounted chaff/flare system in service on all versions of Mirage 2000. Integrated within ICMS 2000 ECM system of Mirage 2000. The ammunition payload consists of up to 36 IR cartridges fitted into the cartridge dispensers and 112 chaff packs in the chaff dispensing tubes. Can be complemented by DDM missile detector. The addition of ÉCLAIR-M multiplies the flare payload by four. MbDA

SPIRIT-NG xCountermeasures dispensing system for heavy/large aircraft. In service on C130 (Hercules) and C160 (Transall). Can accept any kind of cartridges, including special cartridges (diam 55 mm). Modular architecture, up to 24 dispensers chassis (A400M). ALKAN

SPREAD (SELF PROTECTION EXPENDAbLES AIRbORNE DISPENSER)A countermeasures dispensing system (CMDS) designed to increase the survivability and mission effectiveness of airborne platforms against radio-frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) threats. SPREAD is capable of operating with any RWR/MWS/LWR via MIL-STD-1553B data bus and discrete interfaces. It has also glass-cockpit and NVIS compatible versions and is capable of dispensing 1”x1” chaff, 1”x1” dual chaff, 1”x1” flare, Multi-Blu-3 and other chaff/flare cartridges with similar dispensing characteristics. The system consists of five line replaceable units (LRU); system control unit (SCU), dispense control unit (DCU), dispenser base, magazine and safety switch. The system developed under SSM contract is integrated with AH-1P, AH-1W, Mi-17, AB-205, AS-532, S70A, T-129 and CN-235. It is operational since 2006. The system is rapidly adaptable to other military platforms. MiKES, Microwave Electronic Systems, Inc

SYCOMOR zChaff/flare dispensing system in pod (2.95 m) or conformal pack (2.5 m) for fast jets. Pod/pack holds 2 gondolas, each with 3 chaff tubes & 7 dispensers with 4 cartridges apiece. In service on Mirage F1. MbDA

TACDS s zThreat Adaptive Countermeasures Dispenser is a replacement for earlier ALE-39, ALE-40, M-130s and ALE-45, that is able to take input from threat warning systems and respond. Manual, semi-automatic and automatic operating modes. Load/mission mixes include five payload types per magazine, 15 magazine mixes, multiple and simultaneous firing. bAE SYSTEMS North America

TOWED ACTIVE DECOY (TAD) zSmart off-board radar jammer for countering amplitude monopulse techniques and home-on-jam ECCM. Can operate autonomously or with an on-board jammer. Thales Airborne Systems

UP-P1/UV-P2 x zChaff/flare dispensers for IL-76, Su-24, Su-27, Tu-22.

VICON 70 s x zLight, modular countermeasures pod for aircraft unable to accept airframe-mounted devices. Pod can contain chaff and flare dispensers, radar and missile approach warners and has manual and fully automatic operational modes. Uses modules from VICON 78 system. Weighs 210 kg fully loaded. Diameter 356 mm. Thales Optronics (Vinten) Ltd

VICON 78 m s x zFamily of lightweight chaff/flare dispensing systems. Manual, semi-automatic and fully automatic threat adaptive dispensing capability. Vicon 78 is able to interface with a wide range of radar warning receivers, missile warning systems, and defensive aids suite controllers. Can control up to 24 dispensers, which can be installed internally, semi-recessed, externally faired or in pods. Dispenser module takes interchangeable chaff and flare magazines containing up to 64 payloads, or Modular Expendable Blocks. Thales Optronics (Vinten) Ltd

X-GUARD z s m x cAirborne fibre-optic towed active radar decoy system. Creates a more attractive false target for missiles and results in ‘an exploding attacking missile, far away from the aimed at platform and the reusable X-Guard decoy. Designed to defeat advanced tracking principles such as monopulse and lock-on-receive-only. Offers wide frequency coverage, extended spatial coverage, high ERP from solid-state array, in-flight streaming and retrieval, enhanced graceful degradation, high reliability, compatibility with ‘all types of platforms’. Rafael

» An A-10 Thunderbolt II fires flares in Afghanistan. (us air force)


AIR » Elint and comint systems

16

ELINT & COMINT SYSTEMS

ADACS x sAirborne Digital Automatic Collection System adaptable to aeroplanes and helicopters combines ESM and precise emitter parameter measurement and covers 0.5 to 20 GHz. Handles CW, ICW, pulse Doppler, LPI-3D, jitter/stagger/agile, pulse compression and frequency agile radars in dense EM environments. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ADVANCED DIGITAL RECEIVER PROCESSOR (ADRP) EW SYSTEM z s m x c A passive, low-cost, high-performance digital receiver-based ESM system that provides superior situational awareness by rapidly detecting, identifying and locating combat threats autonomously. The system provides Electronic Intelligence (ELINT), Electronic Support Measurement (ESM) and Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) functions. Installation flexibility for Airborne, Sea-based, Land-based, and Manned and Unmanned platforms is enabled by a modular open systems architecture. It interfaces to any antenna configuration and has a small footprint, minimizing installation effects. Low total cost of ownership and reduced programme risk are provided by field programmable gate arrays which allow for modification without the need for expensive hardware upgrades. The proven operational software has been developed from previous EW programs and is maintained in a common product line repository, reducing development time and maintenance expense. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego

AES-210/E s zFamily of lightweight ESM and ELINT systems for helicopters and aeroplanes tasked with land or maritime surveillance, also contributes to self-protection. Covers 0.5 to 18 GHz. Azimuth coverage 360 deg, DF accuracy 3 deg RMS or better, library of more than 1,000 emitters, interfaces RS 422, RS232, 1553B, ARINC; weight 45 kg typical. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

AES-210/V mLightweight ESM and ELINT systems for UAVs. Features: Detecting, identifying and locating of ground-based, airborne and shipborne radars. Covers Low and High bands. Superhet/IFM Receiver. Fine DF using digital phase interferometer. Interfaces RS 422. Weight 22 kg typical. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

ALQ-78 xPylon-mounted radar detection system for maritime patrol aircraft. Automatically detects radar signals, measures parameters and bearings and passes them to aircraft central data processing system. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALR-73 xPassive ESM system fitted to US Navy E-2C airborne early warning aircraft. Offers very high probability intercept in dense EM environments, automatic operation, 360 deg coverage, reports new emitters. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ALQ-142 sLightweight, high-performance ESM for naval helicopters. Covers 2 to 25 Ghz. As part of LAMPS III system, data is linked back to warship’s SLQ-32(V). Offers 360 deg azimuth coverage and provides real-time detection, platform identification and bearing of shipborne emitters. RAYTHEON Company

ALQ-151(V2) QUICKFIX sRF direction finding, interception and jamming system fitted to US Army EH-60 special mission helicopters. Covers 2-80 MHz in DF and jamming modes. Deals with AM, FM, CW and SSB signal types. Bandwidths of 8, 30 or 50 KHz. Puts out 500 W of RF power. TRW Systems and Information Technology.

ALR-801 xESM and ELINT system for maritime patrol aircraft. Covers 0.5 to 18 GHz, extendable to 40 GHz. IFM receiver searches, deinterleaves multiple pulse trains, identifies emitters from user supplied library. Claims 100% probability of intercept. Pulse environment 2 million (max), processes up to 1,024 emitters simultaneously. Sensitivity 60 dBm, weight 70.3 kg Condor Flugdienst GmbH

AMES xModular ESM system that can be upgraded with ELINT capabilities. Basic system has four spiral DF antennae with channelised receivers and a digital signal processor. Advanced version adds a fine DF subsystem. Adding superheterodyne receivers and an intrapulse analysis package turn AMES into an ELINT system. Covers 2-18 GHz. INDRA DTD

AN/ALR-606 s xESM receiver that provides both threat warning and signal analysis functions for maritime patrol aircraft, both fixed-wing and helicopters. The system provides continuous 360° threat warning. It is controlled by a crew member through a touch-screen display to select and analyse detected signals. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Division

ARIES xIntegrated EW system providing tactical ELINT, COMINT, tactical surveillance, ECM support and training. Modular system fits medium to large transport aircraft. Elettronica SpA

ASTAC x s zPod-mounted ELINT system. Frequency coverage of C to K bands; length 400 cm; diameter 40 cm; weight 400 kg; high sensitivity and high detection ranges; signal extraction in dense electromagnetic environments; accurate localisation of emitters; realtime or deferred time processing. Thales Airborne Systems

AYR-1 xESM system for large surveillance aircraft. Designed for passive interception, identification and analysis of RF signals in a dense EM environment. Total weight thought to be around 855 kg. boeing Company

bM/KZ 8608 xELINT detection and analysis system covering 1 to 18 GHz. Designed to detect, identify, locate and analyse signals from both land-based and shipborne radars. High probability of intercept, high sensitivity and accurate parameter measurement claimed. Frequency accuracy 5 MHz, azimuth coverage 360 deg, bearing accuracy 5 deg (1-8 GHz) 3 deg ( 8 – 18 Ghz). China National Electronics Import & Export Corp

Protecting the lives of warfi ghters — it’s the driving force behind all that we do at Raytheon. And our electronic warfare systems have been doing it for over 50 years. From decoys and jammers, to radar warning receivers and new digital technology, our comprehensive range of products enables today’s pilots to detect and defeat the threat. But what separates us from the others is our commitment to program execution. We deliver combat-proven performance you can count on, where you need it and when you need it. Because we’re just as serious about his successful mission as we are about our own.

© 2008 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. “Customer Success Is Our Mission” is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.

Electronic Warfare Systems

www.raytheon.com

He takes mission execution seriously, and so do we.



SAS049_EWS_EWhndbk_Apr08.indd 1 4/3/08 11:56:32 AM




Elint and comint systems « AIR

19

CHALS-X(M) zCommunications High Accuracy Location System-Exploitable (Miniaturised). Employed on US Army Guardrail /Common Sensor RC-12 aircraft. Provides precision communication emitter locations. Reduction in size and weight from CHALS-X achieved by repackaging receiver and processor. Size: 0.6 cu ft; weight: 30 lb; power: 90 W. bAE SYSTEMS North America

COMSIM A terrain-interactive Communications planning simulator, which includes ability to inject effects of EW / interference. Realistic exercise planning using live RF signals from actual CNR equipment connected directly into COMSIM equipment which simulates actual RF environment. Can run exercises of up to 24 hours involving up to 10 separately located communications teams each having up to 4 radios. CNR frequency range up to 500MHz. Proven terrain mapping / propagation models applicable worldwide. Thales Aerospace Division

CS-2010 HAWK RECEIVER/DF SYSTEM xExpandable, multi-operator pooled resource architecture. VF through EHF RF coverage. VersaNet TDMA control and data bus. Programmable multi-mode spectrum and DF analysis displays. Covers 20 MHz to 40 GHz. EDO Corporation

CS-2040 MINI-HAWK SYSTEM xSingle operator 2 channel ELINT receiving system. Covers 0.5 – 18 GHz with 500 MHz of instantaneous IF bandwidth. MD-128 provides analysis demodulation with variable filters, attenuators. 6.5 in colour LCD display for RF pan, IF Pan, control and display. EDO Corporation

CS-3045 AIRbORNE ELINT SYSTEMSAn Airborne ELINT System consisting of omni and high gain direction finding (DF) antennas, receivers, signal processors and operator workstations and software designed for use in airborne surveillance applications. The systems may be used for ELINT or ESM applications and consist of mature, field proven equipment, and newly released SAT control and analysis software. Typical frequency coverage is supported from 0.5 to 18 GHz or from 0.5 to 40 GHz, with options for lower and higher frequency coverage. Rockwell Collins

CS-36400 SPECTRUM MONITORING SYSTEM Single operator ELINT receiving system. TN-118 Tuner covers 80 MHz to 18 GHz frequencies with 50 MHz of instantaneous IF bandwidth. 7.4 in electroluminescent display with 640 x 400 resolution. Available displays include RF spectrum search, IF Pan and Time base. EDO Corporation

CS-5060 Complete, lightweight, integrated ELINT/ESM sensor subsystem. Provides ability to automatically acquire, identify, locate and report on modern radar emitters. Comprises an integrated antenna assembly including omni and high gain DF antennas, RF distribution unit, wideband microwave tuner and a VME based signal processing unit. EDO Corporation

CS-5500 xAdvanced Electronic Surveillance and Collection system having wideband superheterodyne multi-channel acquisition, receiving, ELINT collection and analysis capability. Supports multiple operator positions which include Microsoft Windows based HMI with full search and collection control, signal recording, and signal analysis functions. EDO Corporation

CS-5550 Lightweight ESM system providing monopulse direction finding and a high gain directional antenna for detailed signal analysis. EDO Corporation

CS-6040 MICROWAVE RECEIVER/TUNER The next generation high-performance microwave receiver/tuner covering the frequency range from 0.1 to 20 GHz. The unprecedented phase noise, tuning speed, dynamic range and group delay performance make this the tuner of choice for the search and collection of communications and EW/Radar signals where high Probability of Intercept (POI) and collection fidelity are essential. This state-of-the-art super-heterodyne tuner architecture is well suited for both COMINT and ELINT applications. Rockwell Collins

DIGITAL RECEIVER The Digital Receiver provides a very large instantaneous bandwidth in the GHz range in combination with an extremely high frequency resolution and very high receiver sensitivity. It has the capability to receive and analyse overlapping and multiple RF signals with very short reaction time in a dense scenario. The unit can be used for Radar Warning, ESM and Elint applications. EADS Airborne Systems

DMI-601 AM s xRemovable airborne ELINT system that can be installed in transport aircraft and helicopters. Covers 0.5 – 18 GHz, with a superheterodyne receiver with 500 MHz instantaneous bandwidth and an instantaneous frequency measurement module. MMI can be adapted to client. Optional DF module measures AOA with 360° coverage. DTS Ltda

EAGLEThe Electronic Acquisition Gathering Locating Equipment (EAGLE) is a family of integrated electronic support receiver systems for ISR, ELINT and ESM applications. Net-Centric in its architecture, the EAGLE technology supports rapid emitter detection, DF and signal measurement. Wide instantaneous bandwidth operation allows the EAGLE to search many thousands of frequency bins per second in any predetermined set of frequency bands over its entire frequency range. Wideband digital receiver operation combined with an advanced pulse processor and modern software based DSP technology ensures that the EAGLE is effective at intercepting modern large time-bandwidth product radar emitters, as well as conventional radar types. Frequency coverage: typically from 0.5 to 18.0 GHz. Special EAGLE systems can be supplied to cover 30 MHz to 40 GHz in a single VXI Chassis. Telemus

EL/I-3001 AIRbORNE INTEGRATED SIGINT SYSTEM The Airborne Integrated SIGINT System (AISIS), is a multi-role Intelligence System for non-communication and Communication signals. The AISIS perform the tasks of search, intercept measure, locate analyze, classify and monitor ground, airborne and naval transmissions, characterized by short duration, variety of signal types and changes in the signals parameters. COMINT frequency range: 20 to 1200 MHz, ELINT frequency range: 0.5 to 18 GHz. Installed on Business Jet Aircraft G-5 and other types. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd

EL/I-3100 mAirborne COMINT system that can grow into a multi-sensor reconnaissance tool with the addition of subsystems such as electro-optics and radar. Designed to be installed on light aircraft or UAVs, it copes, says ELTA, with dense communications environments characterised by exotic signals, short transmissions, frequency hoppers and frequent changes in network parameters. DF subsystem covers 30 to 1,500 MHz or higher if requested; COMINT subsystem covers 0.3 to 1,500 MHz with an optional extension up to 3,000 MHz; standard EO subsystem is a multimission optronic stabilised payload (MOSP) with thermal imager, TV camera and laser rangefinder. Typical installation in a CATPASS 250 aircraft would have three operator stations. Elta Systems Group, SIGINT, EW and Communications Division

EL/K-7032 xCOMINT system covering 20 to 500 MHz, designed for large transport aircraft. Computer-controlled automation minimises number of operators for multiple simultaneous tasks. Includes AM, FM modes with CW and SSB as options, frequency resolution 1 KHz to 10 Khz optionally. Elta Systems Group, SIGINT, EW and Communications Division

EL/K-7071 INTEGRATED UAV COMINT/ DF SYSTEM mThe ELTA EL/K-7071 is a UAV Communication Intelligence payload system. The System tasks are to scan, intercept, measure, locate, analyze, classify and monitor ground, airborne and naval communications transmissions characterized by high mobility, short duration, modern signals and frequent changes in the signal parameters. The modular architecture, the compact size, the low power consumption and the flexible interfaces provide for installation of the COMINT/DF Payload onboard UAVs, tactical to MALE and HALE UAVs. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd

EL/L-8282MPA ESM/ELINT FOR MPA zState of the art ESM/ELINT System for tactical and strategic Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) missions. The System performs anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare and search and Rescue missions. Surveillance, detection, geo-location and tracking of radar emitters are continuously executed. Frequency coverage, 0.5 to 18 GHz (MMW optional). The EL/L-8382 is installed on variety of MPAs as P-3C, F-50, C-130 and shortly on Nimrod 2000. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd



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EL/L 8300 xFamily of ESM and SIGINT/ELINT systems for large aircraft with optional frequency coverage as broad as 2 to 1,500 MHz for COMINT and 0.03 to 40 GHz for ELINT. Elta Systems Group, SIGINT, EW and Communications Division

EL/L 8312A xELINT system suited to large aircraft covering 0.5 to 18 GHz. Includes EL/L 8312R receiver, EL/L 8321 pulse digitiser and EL/S 8610 computer and a colour display. Provides monopulse DF with 360 deg coverage and instantaneous measurement, automatic signal analysis and ID in dense environment. Elta Systems Group, SIGINT, EW and Communications Division

EL/L-8356 EW ANALYSIS STATION (EWAS) The ELTA EL/L-8356 EW Analysis Station is an innovative, generic tool for Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) systems analysis. The EWAS is a COTS based instrumentation system and includes a generic set of ECM generation and analysis software. Frequency range 6 to 18 GHz (extendable to 2 – 18GHz). The EWAS facilitates ECM life cycle tasks including Performance Verification, development, software testing, qualification, ECM system and software maintenance and ECM Techniques development. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd

EL/L-8385 UAV ESM/ELINT SYSTEM mThe EL/L-8385 is a UAV Integrated Electronic Support Measures (ESM) and ELINT System. The modular architecture, the compact size, the low power consumption and the flexible interfaces provide for installation of the ESM/ELINT Payload onboard UAVs, tactical to MALE and HALE UAVs. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd

ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE PAYLOAD (ESP) mExtremely lightweight ESM payload developed to operate as a stand-alone ESM system for integration on UAVs. ESP is based on Emitter Location System (ELS) with an improved probability of intercept (POI) for emissions from search, tracking and fire control radars. Primary purpose of ESP is to provide enemy Electronic Order of Battle (EOB) through emitter identification, geo-location of emitters and detailed recording of emitter parameters for ESM/ELINT analysis. ESP consists of a controller which includes an acquisition and analysis receiver and a nose mounted interferometric antenna array. Frequency Coverage: 0.5-18 GHz. Direction Finding: 1 deg RMS Class above 2 GHz and 3.5 deg RMS @ 700 MHz. Saab Avitronics

ELINT SENSOR mThe ELINT payload is a highly sensitive sensor for the detection, location and classification of radar emitters to be installed on either manned or unmanned platforms (e.g. Global Hawk). It provides an automatic mode for continuous survey of a wide area of the electromagnetic spectrum for known and unknown emissions, a manual mode for the detailed analysis of emitters, mission monitoring and data evaluation – performed on either onboard operator station or at ground station and data recording for post-evaluation of all monitored emitters. EADS Airborne Systems

ES5000 s x z mCOMINT and ELINT system for most types of aircraft. Covers comms emitters from 2 to 1,200 MHz non-comms emitters from 0.02 to 18 GHz. TRW System and Information Technology

EW-1017 xESM system for large surveillance aircraft covering 0.5 to 20 GHz band. Designed to receive and identify all emissions illuminating aircraft, prioritise and warn of potentially lethal threats. bAE SYSTEMS North America

GAbRIEL xLarge transport aircraft based system utilising ASTAC ELINT and TRC series SIGINT technology. Designed to detect, analyse, identify and localise radar emissions while also intercepting, classifying, analysing and monitoring radio communications. Thales Airborne Systems

HES-21 An ESM/ELINT system, combined with a self protection system, and supported by two separate human machine interfaces. The ESM system has a digital receiver, a narrow band receiver, and a wide band receiver that together with the antenna system give close to 100 % probability of intercept. The digital receiver with its interferometer antenna arrays gives outstanding performance. The self protection system comprises radar warning, laser warning, missile approach warning and chaff and flare dispenser systems. Saab Avitronics

HYPER LITE New generation ESM system designed to be adaptable to airborne, shipboard and ground tactical environments. Compact and light, it offers threat warning and situational awareness; emitter location; complex signal recognition and data collection; signal demodulation and copy. Covers 20 to 1,200 MHz with 25 kHz channelisation. Compressive receiver provides 60 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth. Digital alarm processing software supports 48,000 frequency bins. DF accuracy 1-5° nominal. bAE SYSTEMS Information and Electronic Warfare Systems

KOOb-3M zThought to be SIGINT system for MiG 25RBK recce and strike jet.

LANDYSH zPod-mounted SIGINT system reportedly carried by Sukhoi Su-24MP EW variant of Fencer strike aircraft.

LO-6 bERZOYA sRadar warning receiver for late production MiG 25 variants.

LO-81 FANTASMAGORIA-b zPod-mounted emitter location system for fast jets such as Su-24M, can be used to cue anti-radiation missiles.

LT-500 zModular interferometric emitter targeting system for pod or internal installation on fast jets. Weighs 34 kg without antennas. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

Wallop Defence Systems, a Division of Esterline Technologies, has over 60 years’experience and expertise in military pyrotechnics having been actively engaged in research, development and production of a wide range of advanced pyrotechnicdevices for use in land-based, maritime and airborne applications of armed forcesacross the world.

Within its three main business areas of Aircraft Countermeasures, Naval DecoySystems and Pyrotechnics, Wallop Defence Systems provides a comprehensiveservice of capabilities, resources and experience.

UNRIVALLED PROTECTION

Wallop Defence Systems Ltd Hampshire, United Kingdomwww.wallopdefence.com [email protected]

Esterline Defense Group Corporate Headquarters, California, USAwww.armtecdefense.com [email protected]



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MARITIME PATROL SUITE xDesigned for light Maritime Patrol Aircraft. Provides a comprehensive capability of detecting targets, identifying threats, collecting ELINT data and communicating with ground station. Comprises a central target management system, sensors and operator’s console. Basic MPA suite includes radar, FLIR/TV, ESM system and ASW equipment. Features: Detection of targets by radar; SAR mapping, ISAR classification; alternative configuration; easy adaptation to operational requirements; detection of radar emissions by ESM/ELINT system; accurate direction finding and geo-location by triangulation. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

PASSIVE RANGING SUbSYSTEM (PRSS) zRadar detection, identification and location system that uses self-scaling Doppler and self-resolving, long baseline inteferometry so a single tactical aircraft can locate hostile emitters. Based on an open architecture using VME cards. Lockheed Martin EPI-Owego

PASTIL zRadar warning receiver fitted to Sukhoi Su39 naval variant of Su-25 Frogfoot close air support/strike aircraft. Covers 1.2 to 18 GHz and said to be effective against PD and CW radars. Central Scientific Institute for Radiotechnical measurement

PHALANGER mPassive ESM/ELINT payload for UAVs designed to detect, identify, localise ground-based radars and display tactical situation. Delivers either radar tracks for real time display and analysis or uses high capacity recording feature for post flight analysis. Frequency range: E to J (optional C to K), range accuracy better than 5 km at 100 km claimed. Weight: < 20 kg Power: <300 VA consumption. Thales Airborne Systems

ROHDE & SCHWARZ COMINT SYSTEM n v xAutomatic system fitted to small/medium and mobile solutions for army, navy and air force. For radio monitoring and radio location, covers HF up to microwave frequencies. Designed for simultaneous handling of multiple signals in a dense EM environment. Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co KG

SARIGUE xLarge transport aircraft based ELINT and COMINT system. Latest Sarigue NG version uses ASTAC ELINT and TRC series COMINT technology. Thales Airborne Systems

SHAR-25 s zSIGINT system fitted to the MiG 25RBF strike and reconnaissance aircraft.

SOCCAM c xModular, COMINT systems based on a compact, flexible and low-cost ESM receiver covering V/UHF bands. Digital signal processing; standard cartographic application, digital audio recording; work-stations in ethernet LAN operating under UNIX and ADA; suitable for aircraft, land vehicles or ships; ground support centre for pre- and post-mission analysis. INDRA

SRS-4A, -4b AND -4V s zSIGINT systems for MiG 25RB reconnaissance and strike aircraft.

SRS-9 VIRZH s zSIGINT system for MiG 25RBT reconnaissance and strike aircraft.

STRATUS mAerostat-borne COMINT surveillance system offered for coastal air and ground surveillance as well as comms and over-the-horizon relay applications. Features and benefits include continuous wide frequency coverage in all weathers, long range coverage up to 270 km, radio horizon range, high reliability and ease of operation, command and control systems. RAFAEL

SYREL zPodded tactical ELINT system for fast jets, acts as a penetration aid for strike packages, datalink for ground station included. Pod is 3.57 m long, 42 cm in diameter, weighs 265 kg with antennas front and rear with receivers, amplifiers and recorders in the centre. Thales Airborne Systems

TANGAZH xPodded ELINT system for Sukhoi Su 24MR reconnaissance jet.

TDF-2040Direction Finding (DF) system operating in the HF (500 kHz to 30 MHz) and V/UHF (20,000 MHz) range. Uses the DF technique and operates as a stand-alone DF system or as part of a master/slave emitter location network. Capable of measuring direction to fixed-frequency, frequency hopping and burst transmissions. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd, a member of the Elisra Group

TOP SCAN Dual-axis interferometric ESM, ELINT, DF and localisation system aimed at ground based emitters. Autonomous or controlled operating modes offered, as are options for control via datalink from remote ground station. Mission planning and emitter library updates can be carried out aboard. Patented algorithms designed to overcome ambiguity, multi-path interference and eliminate outliers. Handles dense EM environments. PRI tracking mode enables simultaneous tracking of multiple targets. High probability of intercept and long detection ranges claimed, said to cope with mobile SAM and gun systems. Light, modular and compact, sensor module can be mounted in pod or conformal fairing. RAFAEL

USD-9(b)/(C)/(D) GUARDRAIL xELINT system in US Army RC-12 covers three bands 20 to 75 MHz, 100 to 150 MHz and 350 to 450 MHz. Downlinks data to a ground stations Guardrail Common Sensor System is latest version with full SIGINT capability thanks to Advanced Quick Look (AQL) ELINT system and Communications High Accuracy Airborne Location Systems (CHAALS), and improved COMINT package. TRW Systems and Information Technology

YAGUAR zEmitter targeting system fitted to MiG 25BM defence suppression aircraft. Cues Kh-58U ARM.


AIR » ir jammers


laser warning receivers « AIR

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IR jAMMERS

ALL-LASER TRANSMITTER zCompact, laser-only DIRCM transmitter takes advantage of the lack of large arc lamps to provide higher jamming performance in a smaller, lighter package with lower drag. Four-axis gimbal can effectively jam at nadir, allowing for mounting in any position on the aircraft. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Division

AN/AAQ-8 s x zAirborne multiple threat IR countermeasures system using a modulated sapphire jamming source to provide protection. It is pod-mounted and can be configured with a ram-air turbine to provide operation independent of the aircraft. Also known internationally as MIRTS. Northrop Grumman

AN/AAQ-24(V) NEMESIS x sUS/UK Directional Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) system for fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters for protection from IR missiles. Integrates warning, tracking and jamming functions. Northrop Grumman ESSS’s AN/AAR-54 passively detects missile plume energy, tracks multiple energy sources and classifies each as a lethal missile, non-lethal missile or clutter. A Rockwell-developed fine track sensor 256 X 256 staring array that produces an image of the missile which is processed to allow NEMESIS to lock the IR jamming beam onto the missile. Turret formats are optimised for helicopter or fixed-wing applications. Multiple turrets can be used on large aircraft. Northrop Grumman/bAE SYSTEMS Avionics

AN/ALQ-144A sFamily of IR jammers for helicopters using heated and modulated graphite IR source. ALQ-144A variants offered as upgrades to older ‘Basic and ‘VE’ units. ALQ-144A (V)1 is standard version; (V)3 adds an on/off switch for RF countermeasures; (V)5 is a dual phase-locked (V)1 with a jam code selector switch; ALQ-144A+ is a more powerful version of the (V)1; ALQ-144A+(5) is a more powerful version of dual phase-locked A+. Weighs <14 kg. FOV 360 deg azimuth. Transmitter dimensions are 241 x 241 x 336 mm. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/ALQ-157 xIR jammer for transport aircraft and large helicopters against Band I, II and III IR missiles. More than 700 in service on more than 10 aircraft types. Comprises an IR lamp-based transmitter, control power supply, electromagnetic interference filter assembly and aircrew control indicator. In-flight selection of five pre-programmed jamming codes. System weighs 218 lb. BAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/ALQ-204(V) LANCIR xUpgrade to the Matador (below) giving it directional IRCM capability to counter more advanced IR guided missiles. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/ALQ-204(V) MATADOR xActive IR jammer for large jet transports. Consists of multiple transmitters, controller unit and operator’s controller. Operator’s controller handles 1 to 12 transmitters, incorporating system status display. 360 deg azimuth coverage. Individual transmitters contain a 4 to 12 kW IR source. Contains pre-programmed multi-threat jamming codes. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/ALQ-212 ADVANCED THREAT INFRARED COUNTERMEASURES (ATIRCM) sNew generation system (Advanced Threat IR Countermeasures/Common Missile Warning System) directable IR jammer using narrow beam modulated IR lamp or laser linked to missile warner (AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System), fine track sensor. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/ALQ-224Retrievable fiber-optic towed decoy system designed for large aircraft. bAE SYSTEMS North America

CHALLENGER IRCM cLow-cost omnidirectional IR jammer for light battlefield helicopters. Two external transmitter units (ETUs) covering 360 deg in azimuth. bAE SYSTEMS North America

DEFENSIVE AVIONICS RECEIVER TRANSMITTER (DART) ns x zSupersonic qualified fine track sensor and DIRCM transmitter head for use with multi-band laser. Marketed for multiple platforms including fast jets, transports, helicopters and ground vehicles. Features fixed, faceted dome and a high torque gimbal drive for fast slew and settle performance. Laid onto incoming missile by missile approach warner such as AAR-57. Also acts as multi-function precision acquisition, pointing and tracking unit. Dimensions: 150 mm in diameter, 274 mm high, 8 kg weight. System control unit requires one ATR box weighing 15.8 kg. bAE SYSTEMS

IMPROVED SELF DEFENCE SYSTEM (ISDS) xInfrared jamming system for large aircraft, usually consisting of one modulated IR transmitter per engine. Protects against a variety of IR missiles. System including control units and a single transmitter weighs 33.36 kg with 29.5 kg for each extra transmitter. Also available in a pod. bAE SYSTEMS North America

jAM-AIR sDirectional Infra-Red Counter-Measures (DIRCM), with high power jamming energy against all IR missiles. Very fast and accurate dual axis electro-optic beam. Lightweight and cost effective, optimised for helicopters. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

jETEYE xA directional IRCM system being developed to provide protection to commercial aircraft against the threat of infrared guided missiles. The JETEYE system’s design is based on the Advanced Threat Infrared Countermeasures (ATIRCM) system, developed to protect military aircraft. A major focus of the 18-month program included working closely with experts from the commercial airline industry to ensure the system fits into the existing commercial airline infrastructure. bAE SYSTEMS North America

QRC 84-02A x zQuick Reaction Contract 84-02 IRCM systems is a multi-threat IR jammer for jet, fighter and transport aircraft, powered by a ram air turbine. Northrop Grumman Corp

SEMICONDUCTOR INFRARED LASER COUNTERMEASURES (SILC) s x zLaser IRCM system designed for all types of aircraft. Designed to work with any missile approach warning system capable of extremely accurate angle of arrival calculation. bAE SYSTEMS North America.

SPS-141 GVOZDIKA zAirborne IR jammer fitted to the MiG-27 Flogger.

TADIRCM/AGILE EYE Directional IR countermeasures system with low profile, low drag and weight for tactical aircraft applications. Compatible with both UV and IR missile warning systems. System integration and verification tests are complete for both hardware and software, including with a two-colour IR missile warning system. It has been flight tested on a P3 and completed live firing tests on cable cars (jammed three SAMs and 2 AAMs) and on a QF4 droned Phantom. bAE SYSTEMS Information and Electronic Warfare Systems

VIPER MID-IR LASER c zModular, compact all-band laser for IRCM applications developed by Northrop Grumman and Fibertek for the Nemesis DIRCM family. Said to be capable of jamming ‘virtually all field IR missiles’, it uses 320W of electrical power, weighs under 10 lb in a package two inches high. Selected for CV-22 tiltrotor and Australian Wedgetail AEW aircraft. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Division

LASER WARNING RECEIVERS

ALTAS z x s mThe ALTAS Advanced Laser Threat Alerting System is a passive system designed to detect, track and warn of hostile laser sources aiming at the platform. ALTAS permits easy installation and integration on all flying military platforms. ALTAS detects laser sources within the laser bands. This provides for the detection of all laser range finders and laser target designators. ALTAS delivers all parameters required to initiate very effective counter-measures. To reduce integration efforts and space requirements, all processing activities are performed within the sensor heads; no separate processing unit is required. ALTAS can be easily integrated into higher level electronic warfare suites using standard interfaces. EADS Airborne Systems

LWS-20V-3 s zLaser warner for helicopters and attack aircraft. Power source 28 VDC (MIL-STD-704); power consumption 120W; weight 6.5 kg; MIL-E-5400 Class I, B; onboard laser source blanking; RS-422, MUX BUS (option), Pentium processor. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

SERIES 1223 LASER WARNING RECEIVER s x v nFully programmable multi-role LWR providing detection and identification of laser rangefinders, trackers, designators and beam-riders in the 0.4 to 1.7mm bands. Optimised channel for beamrider detection. Covers 360 deg azimuth by +/-45 deg elevation. Offers better than 15 deg azimuth DoA accuracy. Able to function as part of an integrated DAS or as a stand-alone system. Integrated into HIDAS on UK and export Apaches. Suitable for naval vessels. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

TYPE 491 zLaser warner Eurofighter Typhoon. Six-sensors provide spherical coverage and simultaneous multiple source threat-detection; spectral response 0.4 to 1.5 µm; detects both single shot and continuous wave sources. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

MISSILE LAUNCH DETECTORS & APPROACH WARNERS

AAR-57 s zThe AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System (CMWS) consists of four or six missile warning sensors, depending on coverage around the aircraft, and an ECU. Sensors detect the launch and motor-burn of an approaching missile, providing warning to the crew and automatically dispensing IR flares. It is also a missile warning subsystem for the AN/ALQ-212 ATIRCM/CMWS onboard IR countermeasures system. bAE SYSTEMS North America

» A UK Royal Air Force E3 Sentry, one of a fleet of seven, which is due for a mid-life update to its systems including EW equipment. (photo: tony osborne)


AIR » missile launch detectors and approach warners

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AAR-60 MILDS s x zMILDS AN/AAR-60 is a passive imaging missile warning system. It operates in the ultraviolet “solar blind” (UVSB) spectrum and receives the radiation emitted from an approaching missile exhaust plume. The MILDS staring receiver concept provides maximum detection probability combined with a high MTBF as no moving parts are used. The AN/AAR-60 can handle up to eight threats simultaneously. To reduce integration effort and space requirements all processing is done within the sensorheads, no separate processing unit is necessary. MILDS can be installed either self-contained, only connected to a Chaff/Flare Dispensing system and a control panel or can be easily integrated into higher level Electronic Warfare suites using standard interfaces. In production for NH90 and Tiger helicopters. Proposed for several other Helicopters. EADS Dornier GmbH, MbDA

ALQ-156(V) s x zPulse Doppler radar missile detection system for tactical aircraft and helicopters. Provides time-to-go cue to optimise use of expendables. Receiver/transmitter measures 518 x 259 x 193 mm and weighs 22.5 kg. Accuracy +/- 4.5 deg. Model 156A developed for US Navy tactical aircraft. Weight 20.5 kg with a power requirement 360W. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/AAR-47 s xPassive electro-optical missile approach warning system for helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. Consists of a computer processor, control indicator and four optical sensor converters. Alliant is developing upgrade kits to cut noise and false alarms, boost sensitivity and range, improve detection efficiency and extend temperature range, reliability. Total weight of system 20.5 kg. bAE SYSTEMS North America/Alliant Defense Electronics Systems

AN/AAR-54(V) s x nPassive IR missile warning system developed under US/UK directional IRCM programme. Can be fitted to a wide variety of platforms, such as tactical aircraft, helicopters, transports and armoured fighting vehicles. Adaptive and modular, it consists of up to six wide field-of-view sensors for spherical coverage, and an electronic unit. It has very fine angle of arrival discrimination and provides all-weather protection. It can cope with dense electromagnetic clutter environments and multiple simultaneous targets. Northrop Grumman

DDM Missile detector in service on Mirage 2000 and Rafale. Also known under the acronym of SAMIR. The system is capable of detecting the “infrared signature” of the missile during its propulsion phase while rejecting background clutter. Highly sophisticated algorithms allow a very low false alarm rate, while providing a long detection range. DDM has two IR sensors; providing passive and covert IR threat detection; with panoramic coverage. 360 deg in azimuth; location accuracy: better than 2 deg. MbDA

EL/M-2160 MISSILE APPROACH WARNING SYSTEM x cAn airborne Missile Approach Warning System that provides reliable warning of missile attack for timely activation of countermeasures to protect the platform by diverting the missile to increase the aircraft survivability. Installed on C-130, C-160, F-27 and VIP aircraft and helicopters. IAI/ ELTA Systems Ltd

HOFIN sHostile Fire Indicator, passive acoustic small arms/AA fire detector for helicopters. Audible warning. Comprises sensor array, computer unit and indicator unit together weighing < 6 kg. MS Instruments PLC

IRIS-400 xA passive, imaging infrared missile warning system developed for the A400M military transport aircraft. Provides the highest levels of reliability and safety owing to its large detection range, spherical field of view and advanced software that is fully programmable by the user. Completely integrated to the Defensive Aids Subsystem. MbDA

LIP z sActive, possibly pulse doppler, missile approach warner for helicopters including Kamov Ka-29, Mil Mi-24 and slow jets such as the Sukhoi SU-25.

LO-82 MAK-UL zThought to be an ultra-violet missile launch detection or approach warning system for strike aircraft such as Sukhoi Su-24.

MILDS sMILDS comprises four to six highly evolved detectors providing high resolution and high sensitivity without the need for special cooling. Can be fully integrated into existing countermeasure systems or integrated with directed IR countermeasures. Can also be installed as a stand alone system capable of activating a decoy system. In production for the NH-90 and Tigre helicopters. MbDA

MULTI-IMAGE MULTI-SPECTRAL (MIMS) TWO-COLOUR MISSILE WARNING SENSOR mMissile warning sensor purported to offer an optimum combination of an IR sensor’s long range and a UV sensor’s clutter rejection capability. Uses two IR bands to discriminate between missile and clutter IR signatures. Offered for both airborne and ground platforms. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Division

MWS-20 c xActive missile approach warner for helicopter (MWS-20 H) and transport Aircraft (MWS-20 TA) applications. Comprises a transceiver/processor unit, four antennas and a cockpit display control box. Provides 360 deg angular coverage and performs direction of arrival, time to impact and missile range, speed and bearing calculations on passive, active and semi-active surface-to-air, air-to-air, anti-shipping and anti-radiation missiles that use radar, infra-red, laser, fibre optic or wire guidance. Active technology minimises false alarm rates, provides all-weather capability and insensitivity to decoys. Weight < 10 kg. Thales Airborne Systems

PASSIVE AIRbORNE WARNING SYSTEM (PAWS) s zIR sensor-based missile approach warner accurate enough to cue a Directional Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) turret. Has a multi-threat warning capability with a time-to-impact estimation ability and an accurate approach direction indication. Can automatically trigger a countermeasures dispenser. Individual sensor units weigh 4.4 kg each with dimensions of 132 x 187 x 365 mm. Processor weighs 9 kg and is 203 x 369 x 127 mm in size. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

EXCELLENCE IN QUALITY – FOR YOUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

There are other ways to test a self protection system.

missim spearheads a new generation of Electronic Warfare test equipment. RUAG Aerospace’s all-in-one Flight Line Tester combines radar, laser and missile signatures for testing the majority of EW Systems in the market. Take advantage of the other unique advantages missim has to offer: It is compatible for air, ground and sea applications,

modular according to your needs and non-haz-ardous. missim is light and compact and therefore easy to handle, its application range is from 0 to 20 metres. Up to 255 free programmable scenar-ios and possibility of simulating weapon systems simultaneously or sequentally allow a flexibility second to none.

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Tel. +41 412 682 081 · Fax +41 412 683 995 · [email protected] · www.ruag.com

RZ_Ins missim.indd 1 14.4.2008 13:49:31 Uhr


AIR » missile launch detectors and approach warners

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PVS 2000 zActive Pulse Doppler missile approach warner fitted to RAF Harrier GR7. Transmit/receive unit measuring 15 x 24 cm and weighing 5.5 kg. Signal processing unit with dimensions of 327 x 125 x 160 mm with a weight of 7 kg. Active array main and radome antenna 21 x 10 cm, weighing 0.55 kg. Small blade antennas unit measures 150 x 100 x 50 mm, weighing <0.5 kg. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

TAIL WARNING FUNCTION (TWF) RADAR zPulse doppler radar designed to detect incoming missiles in tail sector of aircraft and initiates countermeasures. Has completed a series of tests by the USAF at low altitudes and high speeds over both land and water. Throughout these tests, says EDO, the radar exceeded specified missile detection rates with very low false alarm rates. EDO Corporation

RADIO FREQUENCY jAMMERS

AbD 2000 zSoftware controlled radar detector and jammer installed on early Mirage 2000 strike fighters. Covers the 6 to 20 GHz frequency band. Warns pilot of threats and starts most appropriate jamming technique. Thales Airborne Systems

Aj-XX mCommunications band noise jammer for UAVs and manned aircraft. Covers 1.5 to 1,200 MHz , puts out 30 Watts and weighs 1.5 kg. Dimensions 160 x 220 x 50 mm. Kintex

AIRbORNE COMMUNICATIONS jAMMING PAYLOAD mDesigned to cope with modern threats (eg free channel search, frequency, hopping, burst); activated over the mission area in flight; jamming coverage enhanced with a deployable antenna. Weight 12.5 kg dimensions 370 x 220 x 210 mm. Thales Airborne Systems

AN/ALQ-99 zFully-integrated, computer-controlled support jamming system, main payload of EA6B Prowler, upgraded version will equip EA-18 ‘Growler’. Intercepts and automatically processes radar signals and jams diverse threats with very high effective radiated power. Significantly reduces the detection range of EW, ground controlled intercept and acquisition emitters. Delays strike group position information to ‘shooters’. Reduces fire control emitters tracking range. Forces fire control emitters into autonomous target acquisition mode. Reduces ‘shooters’ engagement window. EDO Corporation

ALQ-126b DECEPTION ECM (DECM) SYSTEM zMulti-mode, power-managed deceptive ECM system designed to counter pulse-radar threats over the 2- to 18 GHz frequency range. Capable of a wide variety of deception jamming techniques including inverse conical scanning, range gate pull off, swept square wave and main lobe blanking. Dimensions 411 x 270 x 609 mm, weighs 86.3 kg. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALQ-131(V) x zSelf-protection jammer pod used by the US Air Force and 11 other countries to protect F-16, A-10 and F-4 aircraft. Current initiatives include completing Block II upgrades of international pods and beginning mid-life update activities. Northrop Grumman Corp

ALQ-135 zThe self-protection radar jammer for F-15. Band 3 subsystem was first deployed on F-15C aircraft as part of Desert Shield/Storm in the early 1990s and continually upgraded. The F-15E has ALQ-135 Band 1.5 and Band 3 subsystems providing full-frequency capability against pulse, pulse Doppler and continuous wave threats. Production now focused on Band 1.5. Northrop Grumman Corp

ALQ-162 x s zSelf-protection jammer used by three US military services and allied nations. Installed internally on many helicopters, inside the ALQ-164 pod on AV-8B, and inside a wing pylon on F-16 and F/A-18. The current production ALQ-162(V)6 counters sophisticated continuous wave (CW) and pulse Doppler (PD) radars. Northrop Grumman Corp

ALQ-164 DECEPTION ECM (DECM) zPulse and CW radar jamming pod fitted to US, Italian and Spanish AV-8s. Dimensions 216 x 44.5 x 40.6 cm, weighs 188 kg. Covers G-J bands. Power 115 V, 400 Hz AC 3 kVA. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALQ-165 (ASPj) zInternal self-protection radar jammer fitted to US Navy and US Marine Corps F-14Ds and F/A-18 C/Ds, slated for deployment on US Navy F/A-18 E/Fs as part of IDECM Blk I. Used by several export customers on F-16 Cs and F/A-18 C/Ds. Northrop Grumman Corp and ITT

ALQ-167(V) s zManual or fully-automatic podded noise and deception jamming system. Yellow Veil in UK RN service. Fitted with either single crystal video or dual system with both crystal video and superheterodyne search receivers. Continuous fore and aft coverage in 2 – 18 GHz range. Multiple manufacturers, EDO Corporation is latest identified

ALQ-178(V) zInternally-mounted integrated radar warning and jamming system for fast jets (F-16). Continuous wideband superheterodyne RWR. Separate forward and aft jammers. Automatic countermeasures dispensing. Display shows threat radar type and direction. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALQ-184(V) ECM POD x zPodded radar jamming system for fighter aircraft, Multibeam system using Rotman lenses; high-gain antennas; medium power mini-TWT; crystal video receivers and signal processor; DF on all received signals; instantaneous RF signal processing wide open in angle and frequency; selective directional high effective radiated power against multiple emitters. RAYTHEON COMPANY

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AIR » radio frequency jammers


radio frequency jammers « AIR

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ALQ-187 zThe internally mounted ALQ-187, in association with an RWR, is a fully integrated, power managed, electronic countermeasures system. The jamming system interfaces with the RWR for threat identification and power management and operates in concert with the aircraft’s chaff/flare dispenser. It can counter multiple pulse, pulse Doppler and continuous waveform threats including surface-to-air missiles, anti-aircraft artillery and air-to-air weapons. RAYTHEON COMPANY

ALQ-202(V) zInternally-mounted autonomous radar SPJ for fast jets. Superheterodyne-based receiver technology provides frequency selectivity, sensitivity and intra-pulse capabilities. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/ALQ-136 c sExportable, automatic, power-managed radar jammer system designed to provide protection for attack helicopters and special operations aircraft. The enhanced ALQ-136(V)2 traces its lineage to the ALQ-136(V)1/5 combat-proven in Desert Storm. US Army aviation officials reported the ‘outstanding performance’ of the ALQ-136 as a primary contributor to mission success. Deployed on AH-64 Apache and AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters. ITT Industries, Avionics Division

AN/ALQ-184(V)9 ECM POD WITH TOWED DECOY zCombines the combat-proven ALQ-184 ECM Pod with the ALE-50 Towed Decoy System. Selectively directs high power jamming against multiple emitters. The ALE-50 lures radar-guided missiles away from the host aircraft. Dual redundant 1553B interfaces increase ability to communicate with host aircraft and other onboard systems. Uses proven ALM-233 support equipment. RAYTHEON COMPANY

AN/ALQ-165 ASPj zCombat-proven electronic countermeasures system for tactical aircraft. Internally-mounted jamming protects against multiple, simultaneous modern radar-guided threats. Approved for export. International customers include Finland, Switzerland (F-18s) and Republic of Korea (F-16). ITT Industries, Avionics Division

AN/ALQ-172(V) xCombat-proven electronic countermeasures system for B-52 bomber and Special Operations C-130s. Protects against multiple pulse, pulse Doppler, continuous wave threats simultaneously. Counters monopulse radars. Enhanced ALQ-172(V)3 for US Air Force’s Special Operations AC-130H gunships will provide extended frequency coverage. Another upgrade will provide US Air Force Special Operations AC-130U gunship and MC-130E/H Combat Talon I/II aircraft with improved reliability, more memory and flight-line reprogrammability. ITT Industries, Avionics Division

AN/ALQ-218 New EW receiver suite for the ALQ-99 now in engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) phase. Will replace current receiver subsystem on ALQ-99s carried by US Navy Prowlers. Draws on state-of-the-art technologies to provide precise passive radar threat detection, identification, geolocation and jammer control. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Division

ARI 23246 SKY SHADOW zFully autonomous radar jamming pod fitted to UK and Saudi IDS Tornados, capable of countering multiple simultaneous threats. Software programmable threat library. Automatic power management. Modular construction allows for differing operational configurations. Length (approx) 3.35 m and diameter 38 cm. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

bEL zMiniature expendable radar jamming decoy designed to counter CW, pulsed and pulse Doppler radar threats such as active and semi-active missile seekers, even those using ECCM techniques such as monopulse direction finding. Fits standard dispensers. Thales Airborne Systems and Etienne Lacroix

bM/KG 8601, 8605, 8606 A family of self-protection jammers using noise and repeater techniques. Southwest China Research Institute of Electronic Equipment

bOQ X300 zHigh-end jammer pod for self-protection, escort and stand-off jamming, suitable for fast jets. Can be configured for any combination of bands 2-6, 6-18, 18-40 GHz. Based on a modular architecture, it can be fitted with conventional or electronically scanned antennas. Features a self-contained, high-performance RWR. Saab Avitronics

CAIMAN zPodded noise and deception jammer for fast jets to protect groups of strike aircraft. Two pre-programmed jammers put out several kW against low frequency emitters, and nearly 1 kW against I band emitters. Manual, semi-automatic and automatic modes, ram air turbine powered. Measures 595 cm x 41 cm. Weighs 550 kg. Thales Airborne Systems

EL/L-8212 SELF PROTECTION jAMMING POD zModern and advanced jamming pod designed to enhance the survivability of small fighter aircraft. The system includes sophisticated receiver processor, exciter and transmitters and housed in a lightweight low drag pod. The Pods are installed onboard F-16, F-5, A-4 and Eastern fighters. IAI/ELTA Systems Ltd

EL/L-8222 SELF PROTECTION jAMMING POD zModern and advanced jamming pod designed to enhance the survivability of large fighter aircraft. The system includes sophisticated receiver processor, exciter and transmitters and housed in a lightweight low drag pod. The Pods are installed onboard F-15, F-111, F-4 and Eastern fighters. IAI/ELTA Systems Ltd

ELT/553 FAMILY xThe ELT/553 family of airborne deception jammer is designed to provide self-protection for tactical combat aircraft covering roles involving ground and air threats. Light or enhanced configurations offer ideal self-protection solutions to helicopters or large radar-cross section aircraft, respectively. The ELT/553 systems have been installed in the following platforms: Tornado, AMX. Elettronica SpA

ELT/555 FAMILY zThe ELT/555 family of jamming pods is self-powered, fully automatic, designed to provide self-protection for combat aircraft covering roles involving ground and air threats. The systems have been installed in Mirage F1, Northrop F5, MB 339 and Hawk aircraft. Elettronica SpA

ELT/558 FAMILYThe ELT/558 family of low band jammers is designed for effective self-protection of fighter aircraft and combat helicopters. Systems ensure platform protection using Jamming and Deception of Search / Scanning, Acquisitions & Tracking and TWS radars, as well as Fire Control /CW illuminators. The systems have been installed in the Mirage 2000 fighter aircraft. Elettronica SpA

GSY 1501 xModular communications band ESM and jamming system covering 20 to 1,000 MHz and optionally down to 1.5 MHz New capabilities and extra operators can be added. Jammers can put out more than 1kW of RF power. Installed in South African Air Force Boeing 707-344C. EADS Airborne Systems

j/ALQ-8 zRadar jammer for F-15J. Operates in three bands: 1- 4, 4 – 8 and y7.5 – 18 GHz and interfaces with the J/APR-4A. Mitsubishi Electric Corp

LONG STAR ASj sEscort Jamming System with sensitive and highly-directional full-mission coverage receiver; capable of performing ELINT and non-lethal/lethal SEAD missions; effective radiated power is consistent with army radar burnthrough needs. Modularity provides rapid installation and transmitters whose frequency coverage can be tailored for specific missions. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

MULTI-bEAM ARRAY TRANSMITTER (MbAT), AIRbORNE A family of high-effective-radiated-power compact solid state or travelling wave tube transmitters described as suitable for any mission. Size, ERP and spatial coverage tailored to specific platform and mission requirements, but off-the-shelf configurations are available. Uses high-speed electronic beam steering to jam several threats simultaneously. Frequency coverage described as ‘wide’. Can also be adapted to shipboard requirements. RAFAEL

PAj-FA zPod-mounted, wideband, automatic, radar detector/jammer for fast jets. Has programmable threat library. Upgraded version of the Barem system. Can use multiple independent jamming techniques. Weighs 85 kg. Thales Airborne Systems

RAVEN xThe RF Airborne Volumetric Electronic Neutralization (RAVEN) is an integrated airborne electronic warfare system designed to perform multiple types of ECM and jamming missions. It is designed to take advantage of larger business jet platforms, such as the Challenger, Embraer and Gulfstream aircraft, which provide ample space and prime power to enable simultaneous high ERP jamming in multiple radar and communications bands. RAVEN provides the flexibility of full band coverage in a single multi-band mission-capable system that can take on a mixed

tasking including, SIGINT, SOJ, and threat spoofing. Frequency coverage: 30 MHz to 18.25 GHz. A business jet fitted with the RAVEN can fly the following missions without changing hardware or operating software: Air defence radar network suppression – SOJ, air defence communications network disruption – SOJ, suppression – SOJ, naval task force RF sensor and communications collection. SIGINT. Telemus

SAMOVAR zProgrammable responsive stand-off noise jammer in a pod. Covers 8-16 Ghz. Developed to protect Norwegian F-16s launching Penguin anti-ship missiles. Automatically identifies and responds to threats and generates CW, interrupted CW and pulsed jamming. Kongsberg Gruppen AS, Norwegian Defence Research establishment

SKY-SHIELD SUPPORT jAMMER SYSTEM zSingle-pod escort or stand-off radar jamming system to protect combat aircraft from radar threats on the ground. Advanced technique generator implements both noise and time techniques, some unique to support jamming. Offers both autonomous and controlled operational modes to detect, collect, measure, identify and jam threat radars. Features hemispheric coverage, high-res terrestrial dual axis DF. Modular multi-beam array transmitters provide wide frequency coverage. Wide bandwidth Digital Radio Frequency Measurement (DRFM) receivers are fully programmable for pulse recording and repeating etc. Solid state array transmitters provide high effective radiated power, high MTBF, modularity, compactness, says Rafael. RAFAEL

» A US Navy Aircraft Ordnanceman prepares LUU 2B/B flares for loading onto F/A-18C strike fighters. (us navy)


AIR » radio frequency jammers


radar warning receivers « AIR

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SORbTSYA-S zActive radar jamming systems for fast jets. Possible use in co-operative jamming role or as provisional jamming cover for unprotected aircraft in formation. Russian industry

SPIDER zExpendable active radar jamming decoy also known as the Leurre Electromagnetique Actif (LEA). Fired from standard decoy dispensers to counter coherent missile homing heads and monopulse trackers. Under development. MbDA, Thales Airborne System

SPj-20 s zSelf-protection radar jammer for fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. Engages the following ECM techniques: range and velocity gate pull off, AM, false targets and noise. Utilises CW repeater, pulse repeater, 2 RF sources as ECM resources. Frequency range of 6 – 18 Ghz (with option of 2-18 GHz by adding Power Amplifiers). Weighs 42 kg. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

SPj-40 zSelf-protection radar warning and jamming system for fighter aircraft that includes wideband reception and transmission, high effective radiated power (ERP), wide angular coverage, high sensitivity, multi-threat capability and coupling with a countermeasures dispensing system. Forms the active part of Elisra’s ASPS. Weight 40 kg (without Transmitters). Elisra Electronic Systems

SPS-150 LYUTIK zSelf-protection jammer for MiG 25 RB.

SPS-160 GERAN zSPJ for Su-24 Fencers (GERAN-F) and Su-27 Flankers.

SPS-170 zFamily of SPJs for Su-34 and Su-35.

SY 1500 zCommunications jamming system capable of airborne, land or maritime operation. Deployed by South African Air Force in Oryx helicopters. Covers 20-500 MHz band in two parts: 20-100 and 100-500. EADS Airborne Systems

TACTICAL RADAR ELECTRONIC COMbAT SYSTEM (T-RECS) Modular and scalable integrated electronic combat system that provides electronic surveillance, radar warning, self-protection radar jamming, escort and stand-off jamming, and other EW functions. Incorporates an array of technologies including digital receiver and exciter and miniature microwave power module transmitters. Northrop Grumman Corp

TACTICAL RADAR jAMMER (TRj) z m cRadar jamming system for both support jamming and self-protection of UAVs, helicopters and light tactical aircraft. Part of T-RECS (below). Covers 0.5-18 GHz with 0.1-40 GHz as an option. Power output 10W at 0.5-18 GHz and 100W at 6-18 GHz, weight 46.3 kg. Northrop Grumman

TARAN zAirborne radio navigation and communication (particularly IFF) jammer covering 0.5-2 GHz frequency range. Reportedly installed in Spanish Air Force Dassault Falcon 20 jets. INDRA DTD

TSPj zTornado Self Protection Jammer. Podded jamming and deception system, operational on German Tornados and adaptable to other aircraft in comparable roles. Software control allows the generation of many different jamming techniques without hardware changes. Based on a Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) module, TSPJ can operate alone or be triggered by a RWR. Designed to counter both coherent and non-coherent radars. EADS, ELTA

RADAR WARNING RECEIVERS

ALQ-155(V) xSubsystem that integrates the ALR-46 RWR and ALT-28 jammer aboard the Boeing B52H. Performs power management functions and accurate frequency set-on for jammers. Upgrade incorporated components from ALQ-135 and -165 jammers. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Division

ALR-45 AND ALR-45F zRadar warning and countermeasures control system for fast jets (F-14). Crystal video receiver. Reprogrammable software. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ALR-46(V) xDigital radar threat warning system. Utilises 2 to 18 GHz crystal video receiver and a reprogrammable digital processor. Visual and audio warning. Capable of feeding 16 processed emitters simultaneously to jammer, missile seeker or data collection system. Modular design allows analysis of CW emitters and also performance in C/D band direction-finding. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ALR-56A/C zRWR for F-15s that interfaces with ALQ-135 jammer to form Tactical EW System. Contains processor/low-band receiver, high-band receiver IP-6968 display, power supply, C-9429 control unit, a TEWS controller and an antenna array. 56C: digitally controlled. Dual channel superheterodyne receiver covering E-J bands. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALR-56M(V) x zAdvanced RWR incorporating four DF receivers (one per high-band quadrant antenna), C/D band superheterodyne receiver/power supply, controller, and an analysis processor interacting with a control panel and an azimuth indicator via a MIL-STD-1553B bus. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ALR-62(V) zRWR for F-111 fast jets. System consists of complete antenna set, forward aft receivers, digital processor and cockpit threat indicator/countermeasures control units. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ALR-66(V) FAMILY OF RWRS AND ESM SYSTEMS s66A(V)1: high sensitivity crystal radio receiver. Covers 2 – 20 GHz, 360 deg azimuth. Weight 27 kg. 66B(V)3: Crystal video receiver. Protects against all pulsed radar. Weight 87.3 kg. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ALR-67(V)3 RADAR WARNING RECEIVER zAdvanced digital receiver currently deployed on US Navy F/A-18E/F aircraft. Provides accurate, unambiguous threat warning and emitter identification. Sophisticated, lightweight RWR combines fully channelized receiver architecture with the processing power of dual COTS Power PC G4 processors.RAYTHEON COMPANY

ALR-68(V) zDigital RWR for Luftwaffe F-4s. Utilising Applied Technology Advanced Computer. A wide-open, crystal video field programmable system. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ALR-69A(V) RADAR WARNING RECEIVER x zNew all-digital receiver currently in development for fighter and transport aircraft. Compact package that is substantially lighter in weight and lower in cost than comparable systems. Advanced tactical targeting techniques also in development.RAYTHEON COMPANY

ALR-69(V) x zRWR system for fast jets and transports. Activates countermeasures automatically. Warning and DF on CW signals, frequency measurements on pulse signals for ambiguity resolution, threat antenna scan combined with rate analysis dedicated jammer frequency for management of jammer power and blanking functions. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ALR-81(V)1 AND ALR-81(V)3 xFrequency coverage of 0.5 – 18 GHz. Low-phase noise, synthesised tuners. Automatic mm wave activity detection. Programmable acquisition thresholds. Built-in LIFM. MIL-SPEC airborne or ground-based receiver/DF system. Integrated antenna/receiver control and display. Digitally refreshed multi-mode DF and scan display. Programmable scan and DF thresholds. EDO Corporation

ALR-87 zAdvanced radar threat warning system for fighters, procured by Swiss Air Force. C-J band frequency coverage (extensions provided). Incorporates quadrant channelised crystal video, distributed narrowband superhetrodyne and immediate frequency measurements. EDO Corporation

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AIR » radar warning receivers

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ALR-93(V)1 s m x zRWR and ESM system. Contiguous over 0.5 – 20 GHz frequency range. Independent co-operative, amplified crystal vide, IFM, SHR receiver tyes. 360 deg azimuth coverage. Actioned against pulsed radars (pulsed Doppler included) CW, ICW, LPI, jitter/stagger, pulse compression, frequency agile and agile-agile radar types. Weight 49.3 kg. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ALR-93(V)2, 3, 4 m s x zESM systems based on ALR-93(V)1 threat warning system. Offers positive threat identification, over-the-horizon detection/passive targeting (aided by precise parameter measurement and direction finding to 1 – 3 deg), passive ranging, instantaneous emitter and platform classification, threat avoidance, automatic parameter display and pulse analysis. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

ALR-94 zRWR selected for the F-22 Raptor. BAE SYSTEMS North America

ALR-733 FAMILY xFamily of ESM systems designed to provide surveillance, ELINT–type signal analysis and data-collection for post-mission analysis while securing RWR functionality. ALR-733 family fulfills the operational requirements for maritime patrol applications as well as AEW&C missions. Systems are onboard the ATR-42, the NH90 (NFH) helicopter, the EH101 and Embraer 145 platforms. Systems are being upgraded with digital receiver enhancements and NCO functions. Elettronica SpA

ALR-2002 s zRWR for F-111 strike aircraft, F/A-18 tactical fighter and S-70A helicopter. Standard frequency range coverage, expansion capability to mm wave and EW suite controller. Emitter types: CW, low and high PRF, PD and complex. 2002A: (F111) total system weight 60 kg. 2002B: (F/A-18) and 2002D (S-70) weight <40 kg. bAE SYSTEMS (Australia)

AN/ALQ-78 xPylon-mounted ESM system for maritime patrol aircraft. 3 Automatically detects radar signals, measures parameters and bearings and passes information to central data processor. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/ALQ-210 ESM SITUATIONAL AWARENESS AND THREAT WARNING (ICON) FHELIThe AN/ALQ-210 ESM system performs situational awareness and threat warning, including geo-location (interferometer based). The system is designed with an open architecture in order to accommodate scalable functionality. The flexibility of the AN/ALQ-210 architecture has been proven through variants that have demonstrated Specific Emitter Identification, digital modulation analysis and frequency extension. Multiple IF detection bandwidths optimize signal detection in the presence of interference signals (on and off-board). AOA accuracies are commensurate with interferometer techniques. A downloadable system dwell strategy/emitter library is re-programmable using a PC based tool set. The AN/ALQ-210 ESM system has successfully completed operational flight testing and is in production. An AN/ALQ-210 ESM variant system also exists and includes additional capability such as, frequency extension, enhanced ID capability and antenna calibration PROM. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego

AN/ALQ-217 SITUATIONAL AWARENESS SYSTEM xThe AN/ALQ-217 ESM system is a variant of the AN/ALQ-210 adapted for large, fixed-wing aircraft, providing a broad situational awareness capability. The system performs passive emitter detection, identification, and location. To provide high detection sensitivity, the system includes switch/amplifier WRAs to compensate for the long cable runs required on large platforms. The core threat detection, identification, bearing measurement, and geo-location techniques are highly similar to those provided by the AN/ALQ-210. Additional geo-location and enhanced emitter identification techniques are provided by the addition of a digital IF analysis receiver. These techniques include RF Doppler based geo-location (to supplement long-baseline-interferometry) and enhanced ID. Further exploitation of intentional and unintentional waveform modulation, including Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) is a system configuration option. A downloadable system dwell strategy/emitter library is re-programmable using a PC based tool set. The chassis provides several spare card slots to accommodate spiral growth. The AN/ALQ-217 ESM system has successfully completed operational flight testing and is in production. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration Owego

AN/ALR-47 zRadar warning receiver developed for US Navy S-3 Viking ASW aircraft. Uses twin superherodyne narrowband receivers. System is no longer in production. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration Owego

AN/ALR-76 xESM/RWR system fitted to US Navy S-3 Viking ASW aircraft. Offers instantaneous 360 deg coverage and monopulse DF capability. Specialises in detecting and processing very brief radar transmissions typical of submarines. No longer in production. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/ALR-91(V)3 RWR covering 0.5 to 20 GHz. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

AN/APR-44(V) s xSmall, lightweight RWR with low power consumption fitted to US Army helicopters and special mission fixed-wing aircraft. bAE SYSTEMS North America

AN/APR-46 xHigh performance RWR covering 30 MHz to 18 Ghz. Fitted to USAF MC-130 Combat Talon special forces Hercules. EDO Corporation

AN/APR-48A sRadar frequency interferometer (RFI) for AH-64D Apache Longbow attack helicopter. The AN/APR-48A detects, identifies and locates radar emitters precisely in varying terrain and heavy electromagnetic interference. The system weight is 29.5 lb and includes ultra-light second generation wideband antenna, receiver and processor design with integrated RF components using GaAs and MMIC, interferometer for precise AOA, VLSI chip technology for monopulse parameter measurement and digitization, and a COTS Single Board Computer with an Operation Flight Program and emitter library for processing. The system is capable of very accurate angle-of-arrival measurements. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration Owego



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AN/APR-50 zInvolved in the B-2 Defensive Management System (DMS) for more than 20 years, Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego provides the AN/APR-50 electronic support measures (ESM) system on the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber Fleet. The AN/APR-50 is designed to protect B-2 aircrews by detecting, identifying and locating RF Threat emitters in varying terrain and dense electromagnetic environments. Combined with Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego’s VLSI and GaAs hardware technology and Advanced Threat Analysis Software, the AN/APR-50 represents one of the most complex and sophisticated ESM systems in the USAF. Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego

AN/ASQ-213 HARM TARGETING SYSTEM zPod-mounted emitter location system that provides targeting data for the AGM-88 High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile. RAYTHEON COMPANY

APR-39(V) s x zRWR system for combat helicopters, low speed aircraft and fast attack craft. System made up of two dual-video receivers, four spiral cavity-backed antennas, NoE blade antenna, indicator unit, a comparator and control unit. Frequency coverage of E, F, G, H, I most of J bands and portions of C and D bands. Weight 3.63 kg. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

AWARE (REWARDER) sRWR for Lynx and Gazelle helicopters. Frequency coverage 2-18 GHz. Detects pulse, pulse doppler, CW and interrupted CW signals. Better than 10 deg RMS bearing accuracy. Weight 13 kg. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

bM/Kj 8602 zProgrammable RWR. Warns of multiple threats from pulse & CW radars. Features automatic sorting, identification, audio alarm and recording. Can trigger jammers, chaff, flares. China National Electronics Import & Export Corp

bOWThe BOW family has a highly modular design with growth potential and scalability for a long life and adaption to changing requirements. Basic configuration the wideband receiver gives good threat warning. Can be complemented with narrowband receiver for better detection range for weak signals, better selectivity in signal dense environments and increased performance for more demanding applications. The BOW high-end configurations include a digital receiver and interferometer antenna arrays giving long detection range, detailed analysis and fingerprinting of complex signals and high performance emitter location, all for excellent performance and ESM/ELINT capabilities. Basic frequency ranges and 360 deg DF-coverage can be complemented with extended frequency ranges, increased spatial coverage and dual polarisation. Saab Avitronics

C-EAGLEA family of integrated communications electronic support receiver systems for ISR applications. The C-EAGLE can be used for COMINT, communications surveillance and spectrum monitoring. Wide frequency coverage is possible using the C-EAGLE with systems that cover HF to SHF. Telemus

CARAPACE SPS-3000 zWideband warning system for fast jets designed to detect, identify and localise all threat radars from 0.5 to 40 GHz in a dense electromagnetic environment. Offers pulse-to-pulse analysis of radars at long range. DF accuracy around 1 deg. Thales Airborne Systems

DM/A-104 s zSmall, light, modular wideband RWR for helicopters and fixed-wing. Covers 2 to 18 GHz (0.5 to 2 GHz optional). Includes four orthogonal antennas for 360° coverage, each containing wideband crystal video receiving channels. Digital signal processor ensures simultaneous real-time evaluation of multiple emitters, presenting to the pilot the type, lethality level and direction of arrival, plus audio warning. Threats classified according to a user-programmable data base. DTS Ltda

EAGLE (ELECTRONIC ACQUISITION GATHERING LOCATING EQUIPMENT)A family of integrated ES receiver systems for ISR and ESM applications used for radar emitter surveillance, intercept and analysis, ELINT, and emitter situational awareness. The EAGLE offers highly capable receiver technology, using modern VXI based tuners, advanced pulse processors, signal digitizers and software-based DSP technology. Telemus

ELT/156X FAMILY s zFamily of light radar warning receivers designed to provide self-protection for utility, combat aircraft and helicopters. It is designed to detect, analyze and identify all the electromagnetic emissions that pose a threat to the platform. For a full EW suite, the EW controller monitors the multi-threat scenario and coordinates the countermeasures. The systems have been installed in the following platforms: A129, AB212, CH47, AB412, SH3D, AB205, AMX. Elettronica SpA

EN/ALR-300V1 zProgrammable RWR. frequency coverage C-J in five sub-bands. Detects all pulse and CW radars. Displays 15 radars simultaneously. 360 deg azimuth coverage. DF accuracy of better than 12 deg RMS. Weighs 20 kg. INDRA DTD

EN/ALR-300V2 xComputer controlled RWR. Covers C – J in four sub-bands. 360 deg azimuth coverage. Detects all pulse and CW radars. DF accuracy of better than 12 deg RMS. Displays 15 radars simultaneously. Weight 38 kg. INDRA DTD

EWR-99 s xProgrammable wideband RWR for helicopters and transport aircraft. Detects CW, pulse and PD radars in dense EM environment. Can control chaff/flare dispensers and work with MWS-20 missile warner. Includes 4 antennas, CDU and single-box receiver/processor. Thales Airborne Systems

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EWS-A AIGLE zRWR and countermeasures management system for fast jet upgrades. Detects pulsed, PD and CW emitters in dense EM environments. Offers short reaction time, confident identification thanks to IFM and 100% POI. Weighs 10 kg. Thales Airborne Systems

HARM TARGETING SYSTEM (EXPORT) Latest version of the HTS that allows the missile to be fired in its most effective mode – ‘range known’. RAYTHEON COMPANY

j/APQ-1 zRadar mounted radar and IR threat warning receiver for F-15s. Automatic activation of countermeasures. Mitsubishi Electric Corp

j/APR-4 zRWR for F-15J/DJ Eagles. Processes multiple inputs simultaneously in a dense electromagnetic environment. Reprogrammable software package. Multi-threat data presentation in alphanumeric and graphic format. Tokimec Inc

j/APR-4A AND j/APR-4b zAdvanced RWR for later F-15J/DJ. Multiple high speed microprocessors with reprogrammable software. Tokimec Inc

j/APR-5, j/APR-6 AND j/APR-6A zRWRs for RF-4E and F-4EJKai Phantoms. Similar characteristics to J/APR-4A, but shapes, configurations and interfaces are different, to fit specific aircraft. Tokimec Inc

j/APR-L10 sRadar warning receiver for Japanese Ground Self Defense Force AH-1S Cobra attack helicopters. Tokimec Inc

j/APR-L11 cRadar warning receiver for Japanese Ground Self Defense Force UH-60JA utility helicopters. Tokimec Inc

j/APR-L12 sRadar warning receiver for Japanese Ground Self Defense Force OH-1 scout helicopters. Tokimec Inc

LR-100 MULTI-FUNCTION ELECTRONIC SUPPORT SYSTEMS m s z xWeight <50 lb; two channel interferometer receiver; 500 MHz bandwidth; VME based processor; support multiple interfaces on a VME backplane; can operate with any antenna configuration; amplitude < 15 deg, interferometer <1 deg DF accuracy. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

RADAR HOMING & WARNING RECEIVER (RHWR) zFitted to Tornado. Designated ARI 18241/1 for the ADV and ARI 18241/2 for IDS Tornado. Enhanced DF capability, frequency coverage 0.5 – 18 GHz. Fully programmable. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

RWS-300 / RWS-50 Generic features of the RWS family include full pulsed, pulse Doppler and continuous wave (CW) handling capability. Comprehensive Threat Library Management System (TLMS). Various threat libraries can be selected in flight according to mission type and/or geographical area. Memory Loading Unit (MLU) for the loading/unloading of software on the flight line. Full recording/playback facilities. Internal defensive aids computer in the Electronic Warfare Controller (EWC) interface to and control the Countermeasures Dispensing System (CMDS). CMDS card resides in the EWC and replaces conventional CMDS cockpit controller. RWS 300 is an ultra wide band system covering 0.7-40GHz, RWS 50 covers 2-18GHz. Both systems are in production and can be upgraded to include laser and missile approach functions. Saab Avitronics

S-EAGLEA family of integrated electronic support (ES) receiver systems for SIGINT applications. The S-EAGLE can be used for radar emitter and communications signals surveillance, intercept, and analysis. Telemus

SKY GUARDIAN 200 x s zRWR system in widespread use on helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. Frequency coverage of 2-18 GHz in three bands. Instantaneous 360 deg azimuth coverage. Better than 10 deg DF accuracy. Programmable library holds more than 2,500 emitter modes. Weight 17 kg. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

SKY GUARDIAN 2000 x z sFamily of fully programmable, lightweight RWR and ESM systems with digital architecture for helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft and naval vessels. Provides high probability of detection and identification of agile emitters in C to K bands with a low false alarm rate. Uses advanced signal processing architectures and algorithms to process Pulse, Pulse Doppler and CW emissions. Library size in excess of 4,000 entries. Covers 360 deg azimuth by +/-45 deg elevation. Offers better than 10 deg rms azimuth DoA accuracy. RWR variant can be used stand-alone or incorporate an embedded DAS Controller for Integrated DAS solutions. ESM variant can be fully integrated with Seaspray radar. Enhanced Emitter Identification (EEI) capability available growth. Offers in-flight data recording for post-mission playback and analysis. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

SPO-2 zRadar warning receiver fitted to Tupolev Tu-95 and Tu-95K strategic bombers and cruise missile launchers.

SPO-10 zH – J band radar warning receiver for MiG 29 and MiG 21SM

SPO-15 bERYOZA zRadar warning receiver for MiG 29. FoV 360 deg

visit us at www.shephard.co.uk

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SPO-23 z4 – 18 GHz RWR to replace SPO-15. Incorporates 2 or 4 four-beam azimuth antennas, up to 4 HF units, receiver/processor unit and cockpit indicator unit. System claims to offer 360 deg azimuth coverage with +/- 30 deg elevation. Stated bearing accuracy is 10 deg. Integrated threat library comprises 128 modes. Weight: 18 – 30 kg.

SPO-3 zRWR for MiG 21

SPS-1000V-5 zRadar warning system for fighter and transport aircraft incorporating a superhet IFM receiver and with a millimetre wave option. Receives pulse, CW, High PRF and pulse doppler signals. Weight breakdown is 15 kg superhet receiver, analyser and CD receiver, 4 kg pilot controller and display, 9 kg antennas and amplifier/detectors, interface to radar blank and flare/chaff dispensing systems. Environmental conditions – MIL-E-5400, Class II qualified. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

SPS-20 s zLow-cost RWR. Features: Detection of search and track pulsed radars; direction finding; interface with flare/chaff dispensers; recording of emitter parameters during flight; wide band acquisition; high sensitivity receiver; high probability of intercept; fast reaction time. Frequency coverage 0.7 to 18 GHz. Azimuth coverage 360 deg. Weight 7.5 kg. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

SPS-2000 s zRadar warning and identification system, can be integrated with jammers. Frequency range: 0.7 to 18 GHz. Threat recognition based on pre-programmed library. Up to 16 threats displayed with relative bearing, lethality and emitter-type audio warning. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

SPS-3000 z sRWR and ESM system. Incorporates design features based on digital instantaneous frequency measurement, advanced filtering and clustering firmware, high probability of intercept, fast response times and a low false alarm rate. Forms the passive part of Elisra’s ASPS. Weight 25 kg. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

TDS -FA/ -TA / -H z x sTDS, the Threat Detection System is a compact, user-programmable radar warning receiver. Detects and DFs all types of signals (continuous wave, pulsed and pulsed-doppler emitters) in dense environments. Sensitive Instantaneous Frequency Measurement ensures high POI and early warning. Making use of highly miniaturised technology, TDS offers a high level of performance while featuring minimal weight (6kg with aerials), volume and power consumption. Thales Airborne Systems

INTEGRATED SELF-PROTECTION SYSTEMS

ADVANCED CAPAbILITY POD (ACAP) zCombat-proven self-protection pod for fast jets. Can be carried on F-16 stations 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8. Integrated receiver uses Digital Radio Frequency Measurement (DRFM) architecture. Receiver data can be used for situational awareness. Low drag pod is self-cooled, weighs 211 lb. EDO Corporation

AIRMOR c xA ‘fully autonomous’ and modular countermeasures Self Protection Suite for helicopters and transport aircraft. Integrates IMI core components and off-the-shelf items from other suppliers. The core components are IMI’s Management & Control Unit which processes information from both EW sensors and the aircraft’s avionics to generate the optimum response to a particular threat, and the Control & Display Unit. A typical Airmor suite might have an MWS passive UV missile launch detector, IMI’s Management & Control Unit , Control Display Unit and countermeasures dispensers and expendables. Radar and laser warning systems as well as Directed Infra Red Countermeasures warners can also be integrated. Israel Military Industries

ADVANCED SELF-PROTECTION INTEGRATED SUITE (ASPIS) zIntegrated system of RWR, jammer, chaff/flare dispensers for a variety of aircraft, eg Greek F-16s. Interchangeable subsystems offer configuration flexibility. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

AN/ALQ-161A zIntegrated RF countermeasures system. Provides 360 deg receive and jamming coverage against many simultaneous threats, and also provides a tail warning function. Primarily in an automatic mode where the system receives, identifies and jams threat radars instantaneously. Manual intervention as desired. Highly programmable on the ground and in the air. Specifically designed for the B-1B airframe. EDO Corporation

AN/ALQ-178A family of advanced, internally mounted self-protection systems specifically designed and developed for fighter aircraft, including the F-16, F-4E and F/A-18. Fully operational since 1986, the AN/ALQ-178 is currently in operation for two major air forces. It is a proven self-protection suite of integrated radar warning receiver (RWR) and electronic countermeasures (ECM) system providing the pilot with situational awareness and deceptive RF jamming. Versions have superheterodyne, wide band and digital receiver capabilities to provide precision parameter measurement and required sensitivity for timely and accurate threat detection and identification. Its integrated architecture, utilizing a common receiver system, results in rapid threat identification and state-of-the-art counter responses (both RF ECM and chaff and flare). The AN/ALQ-178 is flight-line programmable for mission adaptability. Program updates to the threat data library are achievable with user-friendly mission data file generator. The system design embodies extensive built-in-test (BIT) capabilities which provide fault isolation to the (LRU) level. MiKES, Microwave Electronic Systems, Inc


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AN/ALQ-211 SIRFC sSuite of Integrated Radio Frequency Countermeasures. Advanced situational awareness, threat warning and electronic countermeasures suit. Counters multiple, simultaneous pulse, pulse Doppler and CW threats. Intercepts, analyses and counters multiple air and ground RF threats including all modes of early warning, air Defence, airborne interceptor and coastal and surface surveillance radars. High power pulse and continuous wave ECM transmitters protect against coherent and non-coherent radars. Also provides robust countermeasure techniques against monopulse radars. Fuses multi-spectral (RF, IR, Laser) sensor threat data. ITT Industries, Avionics Division

AN/ALQ-213(V)/EWMS z x sElectronic Warfare Management System for combat aircraft, transports & helicopters. Replaces individual CDUs with a management unit, a new display (MFD) and PCMCIA data loading/recording/unloading. Incorporates 3-D audio threat warning. HOTAS control of manual semi-automatic or automatic modes offered. EWMS can initiate best combination of chaff, flares and jamming. TERMA AS

AN/ALQ-214 IDECM RFCM zInternal techniques generator integrated with fibre optic towed decoy. Advanced protection for F/A-18E/F and B-1B bomber. Independent repeater mode, coherent digital RF memory. Ada EW integrated software. Plug-in onboard transmitters. Predicted total weight with rack 158.2 lb. ITT Industries, Avionics Division

AN/ALQ-221 ADVANCED DEFENSIVE SYSTEM xFully integrated defensive system designed for U-2S aircraft. Provides both situational awareness and defensive responses. bAE SYSTEMS North America

ASES x sIntegrated Electronic Warfare Self Protection System for transport and rotary wing aircraft. ASES is designed to protect large body aircraft dedicated for special missions and can be easily adapted to the needs of rotary wing aircraft. Integrated with the Central Management Unit, ASES provides radar warning, missile warning and situational awareness and chaff/flare dispensing capabilities. Aselsan

ASPS x cSelf Protection Suite designed for use on fixed and rotary wing aircraft. Integrates RWR (SPS-3000), ECM Jammer (SPJ-40), MWS (PAWS) and CFDS. Features: Digital Receivers, Direction finding; high probability of intercept, high sensitivity; fast reaction time; voice alarm; frequency measurement; automatic recording of emitter data. Frequency coverage: low band to Ku. Spherical Coverage. Elisra Electronic Systems

CAMPS CIVIL AIRCRAFT MISSILE PROTECTION SYSTEMCAMPS is designed to be an integrated part of the aircraft to effectively counter MANPADS threat against civil aircraft, troop transport, military special mission and VIP aircraft. It has a UV missile approach warning system with multi-target tracking capability (up to 8 simultaneously) and electromechanical dispensing of a new type of pyrophoric decoys developed by Chemring Group. The dispensing needs no detonation squibs. Apart from meeting military requirements for aircraft protection, the system allows for civil certification. Saab Avitronics

CATS m c xThe Compact Airborne Threat Surveyor (CATS) combines ESM and self protection functions in a ‘single lightweight equipment’. Designed for helicopters, transport aircraft and UAVs, it uses proven digital technology, multiple receiver architecture and validated geolocation algorithms derived from the latest fighter EW systems. Geolocation places threat symbols on digital maps. Frequency coverage is E-K bands with C-K optional, angular coverage is 360° in azimuth and +/- 45° in elevation. Geolocation accuracy within 5% of actual range ‘within seconds’. Processing unit requires 6MCU box. Weighs 15 kg without display. Uses 260W without display. Thales Airborne Systems

CIDAS COMPACT INTEGRATED DEFENSIVE AIDS SUITECIDAS is a further progression of the fully integrated defensive aids suite (IDAS). CIDAS 100 is the small and light weight variant with electro-optic sensors, a controller and BOP series CM dispensers. Designed for the protection of aircraft against MANPADS and laser based threats. CIDAS 300 is the high-end system which can be configured with full multi-spectral detection capability for radar, with a digital receiver as an option, as well as laser and missile approach warning. Fully integrated with Saab’s new advanced lightweight CM dispenser, BOP-L. The modular system architecture allows CIDAS to be configured for any one or any combination of the three sensor types. CIDAS is one of the most compact and lightweight defensive aids suites in existence today. Flight-line software load/unload with External Data Loader Unit (EDLU). Different threat libraries can be selected in flight according to mission type and/or geographical area. Gigabytes of recording memory (processed and/ or raw data) via Ethernet link to External Data Loader Unit (EDLU). Post Mission Playback and analysis facilities by means of Flight Data Analyzer (FDA). Comprehensive Threat Library Management System (TLMS). Saab Avitronics

DASS sThe Defensive Aircraft Survivability Suite is intended for US Army Longbow Apaches consists of the AN/ALQ-211 Suite of Integrated RF Countermeasures (SIRFC), the AN/ALQ-212 Suite of Integrated IR Countermeasures (SIIRCM), AN/AVR-2A(V) Laser Detecting Set with SIRFC acting as the sensor fusion processor. Integrates threat information into a single, prioritised ‘big picture’ of the battlefield, automatically activates appropriate countermeasures. ITT Industries, Avionics Division; bAE SYSTEMS; Raytheon Company; boeing

DASS 2000 DEFENSIVE AIDS SUITE x zFully integrated defensive system compatible with a wide range of platform types. Long-range, multispectral threat detection and identification capabilities provide the aircrew with full situational awareness through sensor fusion and ensure the application of optimum self-protection countermeasures. These capabilities ensure platform survivability in all phases of mission performance. bAE SYSTEMS North America


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ELECTRONIC WARFARE SUITE FOR HELICOPTERS sThe EW suite consists of a radar-, laser- and missile-warners and a threat evaluation processor together with a chaff/flare dispenser system. In a threat situation the system reacts automatically without any involvement of the crew. The EW suite has been selected by multiple European customers as well as Australia on the Tiger and NH-90. The EW suite is a collaborative development of EADS, THALES and MbDA

EL/L-8427/8 INTEGRAL COMPACT EW SUITE, RWjS s zCompact and modern Self Protection Suites, internally installed onboard fighter aircraft, helicopters and other military aircraft. The RWJS consists of ESM receiver, Jammer, C/F dispensers, Missile Warning System and LWS. IAI ELTA Systems Ltd

EL/M-2160F FLIGHT GUARD c xDAS for civil aircraft. Consists of Elta’s EL/M2160 doppler radar missile approach warner and a flare dispensing system, all of which operate automatically. Provides a very short reaction time, time-to-impact measurement for optimum flare release timing. Offers 360° coverage, all-weather operation, high reliability and low false alarm rate, says Elta. Weight 60 kg, width 306 mm, length 361 mm, height 207 mm. Power consumption 500W. Elta Systems Group, SIGINT, EW and Communications Division

EWPS-100 s zSelf-protection suite for helicopters and combat aircraft against radar controlled threats. Covers 2 to 18 Ghz (0.5 to 2 GHz optional). Integrates the DM/A-104 RWR, the DM/A-202 chaff and flare dispenser and the DM/A-401 self-protection jammer. DTS Ltda

EWS-16 zInternally mounted self-protection system for the F-16 including radar warning, jamming and locating subsystems. Designed to detect, identify and localise all modern threats without ambiguity in dense electromagnetic environments. Includes a 32-bit processor-based management unit, crystal video and high-speed wideband superheterodyne receiver, an instantaneous wideband direction finding interferometer, IFM receiver, real-time spectral analysis processing, a plug-in mission report module, a jammer capable of countering multiple threats, integrated with the decoy dispenser. Thales Airborne Systems.

EURODASS zDefensive Aids Sub-System (DASS) for Eurofighter Typhoon. A fully integrated EW suite with an ESM, on-board, RF jammer, towed radar decoys, and an active radar-based missile approach warner. All are controlled via the Defensive Aids Computer. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems (prime contractor), Elettronica SpA, INDRA DTD, EADS

FALCON EDGE zAlso known as Integrated Electronic Warfare Suite (IEWS), the electronic warfare system for the Block 60 F-16s. Employs the latest radio frequency (RF) and digital technologies to provide a fully integrated radar warning and jamming solution with growth potential. Northrop Grumman Corp

HELIDAS sSuite of proven self-defence equipment for helicopters. Single point cockpit control, IR jammer alternatives, multiple missile warning system choices, lightweight dispensers, cost-effective radar warning alternatives and growth options to laser warning. All elements are in production and have been previously exported and installed. bAE SYSTEMS North America

HIDAS sHelicopter Integrated Defensive Aids System. Integrated EW suite providing radar warning, laser warning and missile threat warning, with straightforward growth to radar and IR countermeasures. Programmable threat and countermeasures library loaded from PCMCIA card. In-flight data recording and post-mission playback. Installed on UK and international Longbow Apaches. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

HLR-108 sESM system for Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force SH-60J Seahawk helicopters. HLR-108B/C are upgraded versions. Tokimec

ICMS zIntegrated CounterMeasures Suite internally-mounted in Mirage 2000. Incorporates three warning receivers, two detector-jammers and a chaff/IR flare dispenser. Missile detector function can incorporate an infra-red warning receiver. All parts linked to a central interface and management unit. Thales Airborne Systems and MbDA

MIDAS MIKES INTEGRATED SELF PROTECTION SYSTEMAn advanced, internally mounted self-protection electronic warfare system specifically designed for high performance fighter aircraft. Countermeasures dispenser system (CMDS) provides intelligent control of chaff/flare dispensing system for dynamically adapted enhanced countermeasures self protection response. It has a digital receiver based RWR and is flight-line programmable for mission adaptability. Program updates to the threat data library are achievable with mission data file generator by means of in country re-programmability feature. Record mode provides data collection for post-flight analysis supporting threat parametric value changes. The open architecture design of the MiDAS enables it to be easily tailored for specific system and platform requirements on both tactical and strategic aircraft. MiDAS RWR, ECM and CMDS application can be either internal or external POD or a mix of both. MiKES, Microwave Electronic Systems, Inc


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MODULAR SELF-PROTECTION SYSTEM (MSPS) zLightweight EW suite designed for retrofit market and combining the Sherloc RWR with the Barem radar detector/jammer and Alkan 5081 podded decoy system. Thales Airborne Systems

IRON-FIST ACTIVE PROTECTION SYSTEM (APS)A system to increase the self-defence capability of armoured fighting platforms, ranging from light vehicles such as HMMWs, through light and medium weight Armoured Personnel Carriers (APCs) and up to heavy Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) and Main Battle Tanks (MBTs), against modern battlefield threats such as Anti-Tank Missiles and kinetic energy projectiles. Iron-Fist APS incorporates two layers of protection: Soft-kill, using an electro-optic directional jammer, and a hard-kill based on intercepting the threat at a safe distance from the defended platform. It provides 360 degrees protection also at very close-range engagement scenarios in both open and urban environments. Its highly modular system design enables incorporation of other types of sensors and soft kill countermeasures into the system architecture. Iron-Fist has undergone extensive series of field jamming and interception tests against various threat types, including on the move and urban environments, in both light and heavy configurations. Israel Military Industries Ltd

SATIN xSelf-protection system for large transport aircraft incorporating chaff/flare dispensing systems. RWR, missile detection systems and IR jammers. bAE SYSTEMS North America

SUITE OF INTEGRATED SENSORS AND COUNTERMEASURES (SISCM)SISCM is designed to provide a highly integrated, multi-sensor threat warning and countermeasures capability using off-the-shelf technology. All subsystems are controlled by the APR-39B(V)2 EW managment system, which also fuses data from other aircraft sensors and systems such as INS, GPS and radar etc. Records threat and GPS data for post mission analysis and planning. Compatible subsystems include multiple UV and IR missile approach warners, Nemesis family DIRCM turrets, the AN/ALQ-162(V)6 radar jammer, the AN/ALE-47 countermeasures dispenser and such laser warning receivers as the 301-MA and AVR-2/2A. Even the ALQ-213 EW management system can be used. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Division

SPECTRA zInternally-mounted radar, laser and IR self-protection system in service on Rafale. Fully integrated internal system featuring techniques and technologies which ensure detection, location analysis and countering all threats in the usable frequency range. Efficient co-operation and compatibility with navigation and weapon system. Incorporates MBDA chaff/flare dispenser and IR missile detector (DDM) functions. Thales Airborne Systems, MbDA

SPS-65(V)3 c xRadar and laser warning system designed for use on helicopters and transport aircraft. Integrates RWR which detects all CW, high PRF, low ERP radars and laser sensors. Features: Direction finding; high probability of intercept, high sensitivity; fast reaction time; audio alarm; frequency measurement; interface with chaff, flare dispensers; automatic recording of emitter data. Frequency coverage: low band to 18 GHz. Reception coverage of 360 deg. Weight 16 kg. Elisra Electronic Systems

SPS-65(V)5 c xRadar and laser Self Protection Suite designed for use on helicopters and transport aircraft. Integrates RWR which detects all CW, high PRF, low ERP radars and multi-band laser sensors. Provisions for CFDS and ECM. Features: Wide and Narrow band Digital Receivers, Direction finding; high probability of intercept, high sensitivity; fast reaction time; voice alarm; frequency measurement; automatic recording of emitter data. Frequency coverage: low band to 18 GHz. Reception coverage of 360 deg. Weight 11 kg. Elisra Electronic Systems

SPS-H, SPS-TA, SPS-FA x z sFamily of lightweight and modular self-protection systems for helicopter (H), transport aircraft (TA) and fighter aircraft (FA). Integrate TDS family RWRs, MWS-20 missile Approach Warner, Chaff & Flare dispenser and optional Laser Warning Receiver. Thales Airborne Systems

THREAT WARNING EQUIPMENT (TWE) s xLightweight integrated self-protection system based on a radar warning receiver from Thales Airborne Systems linked to a laser warning manufactured by EADS. Provides interfaces to subsystems such as chaff/flare dispensers Sensor data are correlated and evaluated through a programmable threat library. Selected for Tiger attack- NH-90 transport/naval helicopters. Offers user programmable threat library and symbology. Provides flight reports for tactical ELINT. Weight < 15 kg, radar frequencies: bands E to K, Power consumption : 200 Watts. MIL STD 1553 B interface. Thales Airborne Systems

ZEUS zInternally mounted, fully integrated radar warning and RF jamming system for RAF Harrier GR7. Frequency coverage C-J band. Digital processor upgrade completed. Fully programmable threat library and countermeasures. 360 deg azimuth coverage +- 45 deg elevation coverage. Weight 118 kg. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

airbornE systEms

ground systEms

naval systEms

radar systEms

TEST SYSTEMS

guidE to suPPliErs

Product guidE

ElEctronic warfarE

EvEnts diary 2008

EQuiPmEnt GROUND SYSTEMS







the editor.

The equipment featured in this section is all listed under the heading:

± Self-Protection Systems

Self-protection systems any more complex than smoke dischargers are still a comparative rarity among armoured vehicles, largely due to cost constraints. However, technology is changing and so are attitudes, therefore more systems of this kind are likely to find their way onto world markets.

The systems are listed in alphabetical order by name or alphanumeric designation.

airbornE systEms

GROUND SYSTEMS

naval systEms

radar systEms

tEst systEms

guidE to suPPliErs

Product guidE

ElEctronic warfarE

EvEnts diary 2008

Communication

CommunicationsIntelligence & ElectronicWarfare solutions (CIEW): a new family of COMINT & EWsolutions to meet the currentdefence and security threats

www.thalesgroup.com

Thales is the first European provider of C4ISR solutionswith references in more than 120 countries. It isalso the first European manufacturer of SIGINT &EW equipment.

This industrial and operational lead rests ona comprehensive range of skills in the field ofcommunications intelligence & electronic warfare,a significant contributor to information dominancein the current operational environment.

CIEW is the new-generation range ofCOMINT & EW services, systems andequipments developed by Thales. It isprimarily designed to deliver informationdominance and enable Command &Control operations on the newly digitisedbattlespace.

LAND

Land Q is a range of electronic support and electronicattack solutions tailored to Army tactical users. It is designed to target the current and near-termcommunications signals of airland engagement.

NAVAL

Naval Q is a range of electronic support and electronicattack solutions tailored to maritime tactical users, eitheron littoral or onboard combat ships. It is designed totarget the current and near-term communicationsenvironment of littoral and naval operations.

Q mission packages all rely on the same coreequipment capabil ities for interception,analysis, direction-finding and C2 warfare orforce protection.

INTELLIGENCE

Intelligence Q is a range of strategic intelligencegathering solutions for national or joint users. It isdesigned to meet the current and near-termcommunications signals of the homeland defence,border monitoring and national security environments.

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SELF-PROTECTION SYSTEMS

ARENA E Radar directed hard-kill defensive system designed to destroy incoming guided missiles and ATGMs that threaten the tank. Weighing between 1,100 and 1,300 kg depending on the configuration, Arena E system consists of a millimetre-wave search and tracking radar, a central computer that triggers one or more munitions, held in a turret-mounted belt of dischargers, to neutralise the incoming weapon. The radar begins tracking the threat at 50 m from the tank, triggers the countermeasure at around 25 m, which shreds it with a cone of fragments, the whole process reportedly taking 0.07 of a second. Warning lights tell accompanying infantry to stay away outside the 30 m lethal radius from the tank. KbM, Kolomna, Moscow

AN/VLQ-11 SHORTSTOP ELECTRONIC PROTECTION SYSTEM (SEPS)ECM system that prematurely detonates RF proximity-fused artillery, rocket and mortar rounds. Vehicle-mounted and man-portable versions are available. Detects signals from proximity-fused weapons, modifies the signal and sends it back to the weapon, making it think it is close to the ground so it detonates prematurely. EDO Corporation

AWISS The AWiSS active protection system has been specifically designed for the protection of armoured vehicles against shoulder-fired anti-tank rockets and guided missiles. Approaching projectiles are detected, tracked and engaged by a responsive, comprehensive 360° sensor system, which consists of a search-and-track radar, using blast/fragmentation grenades. The grenade is fired from a lightweight launcher, which can be aligned extremely rapidly in azimuth and elevation, in the direction of the approaching projectile and ignited so that the projectile is neutralized at safe distance from the vehicle. AWiSS can engage several approaching projectiles at very short intervals. The project is a research and technology demonstration programme. Diehl bGT Defence

bOMb jAMMER VIP-300WOTS This vehicle mounted modular multi-band radio signal bomb jamming system is designed as an RF Jammer to suppress the extended spectrum of radio signals used to detonate an RCIED or radio controlled improvised explosive device. The Bomb Jammer VIP 300WOTS transmits ‘fast random sweep’ interference signals that interfere with current threats including cell phones, walkie talkies, and satellite phones, according to the manufacturer. It creates intensive barrage interference within the whole frequency range and at the same time amplifies the jamming signal on the narrow frequency channels which makes it more effective against the use of walkie talkies and cell phones, says the company. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMb jAMMER VIP-200 PORTAbLE jAMMING SYSTEM The portable RF Jammer, the VIP 200, is a hand held bomb jammer built into a briefcase. It is designed as an IED jammer in that it transmits RF interference that blocks radio receivers found in a cellular IED, satellite phone IED, mobile IED, or radio IED from obtaining any RF signals, and is vital to preventing a Remote Controlled Improvised Explosive Device (RCIED) from receiving a detonation signal. The RF Jammer neutralizes the detonation signal as a result of the saturated level of RF interference. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMb jAMMER VIP-300F CONVOY jAMMING SYSTEM The VIP 300F Convoy Jamming System is an IED jammer used by a group of vehicles travelling together as a convoy for security. It consists of a configuration of Bomb Jammer broadcasting modules that emit radio interference from various vehicles within the convoy. This interference is essentially a series of multiple RF Jamming signals that are transmitted at high speed and envelope any radio receiver within their area of effectiveness. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMb jAMMER VIP-300S VEHICLE jAMMING SYSTEM The Bomb Jammer VIP 300 S is a vehicle mounted modular radio signal jamming system designed for defensive jamming of radio controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIEDs). It uses sophisticated RF technology to prevent trigger devices from activating remote controlled bombs. The system can be mounted in a single vehicle, or transferred between vehicles. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMb jAMMER VIP-300X ENHANCED VEHICLE jAMMING SYSTEMThis RCIED jamming system is designed to defend the operators against explosive devices utilizing a radio frequency transmitter as a means of detonation. To counter an RCIED attack, the would need to receive an enhanced level of radio interference from the jammer in order to neutralize the remote activation signal and prevent the explosive device from triggering. This interference blocks radio signals of cell phones, walkie talkies, and satellite phones. Using barrage radio interference, it provides effective jamming of IED radio links over broad frequency ranges without the performance shortfalls inherent in spot noise, barrage noise, or swept CW jammers. The carrier frequency of the RCIED jammer is transmitted rapidly over the entire frequency band, so the exact frequency of the radio link does not have to be known. At random frequencies within the band, the sweep is momentarily stopped in time to provide a holding period at a fixed frequency. The sweep rate is also varied in a random fashion to prevent any possible synchronization of the receiver with the jammer for the purposes of defeating the jamming. Homeland Security Strategies Inc


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bOMb jAMMER VIP-600 bOMb RANGER jAMMING SYSTEM The VIP-600 is a portable Bomb Jammer built into a backpack. It is designed for defensive jamming of Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices (RCIEDs). The VIP-600 broadcasts radio wave energy, blanketing an entire area to prevent radio receivers from acquiring the detonation signals for remote-controlled explosive weapons. It is a man-portable system that will provide durable reliability for law enforcement – military forces in the field. It can also be placed in a vehicle for greater mobility when securing areas against RCIEDs. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMb jAMMER VIP-900 STATIONARY RF jAMMERThe RF Jammer or Bomb Jammer VIP 900 is a stationary mounted modular radio signal jamming system designed for defensive RF Jamming of radio controlled improvised explosive devices or RCIEDs. The RF Jammer helps secure and protect people in and by office buildings, embassies, consulates, and border crossing checkpoints from terrorist activated remote controlled weapons. The RF Jammer may also be used to protect homes, schools, convention halls, public buildings, hotels, and other civilian gathering places used targeted by terrorists. The jamming has no dangerous effects on normal vehicle electronics, computer, telephone or other office equipment functions. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMb jAMMER Sj-5000 STADIUM jAMMER The Bomb Jammer SJ-5000 is a customized bomb jamming system that works to defeat remote controlled terrorist bombs from detonating at a stadium, sports complex, or large gathering areas. It uses stationary tower mounted RF jamming systems that block radio controlled improvised explosive devices or RCIEDs from receiving the radio detonation signal. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMb jAMMER COVERT bOMb jAMMING SYSTEM VIP 300T The Trunk Jammer VIP 300T is a high power IED jammer installed into the trunk of a car, rear of a truck, or armoured vehicle. It saturates the environment with radio frequency pulses of electromagnetic energy. The HSS trunk mounted IED jammer deals with cellular IED threats, satellite phone IED threats, low and high band radio wave IED threats as no other IED jammer functions like the Bomb Jammer, especially the new covert version mounted in a trunk of a vehicle, says the manufacturer. In addition, says the company, the HSS IED jammer is unique in that it is designed not to break squelch of a walkie talkie radio. A walkie talkie IED is a very difficult threat to neutralize unless one uses the Bomb Jammer brand of electronic countermeasures. Other IED jammers break squelch and set off roadside bombs, car bombs, and RCIEDs that use commercial radio receivers to detonate. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMb jAMMER RADIO jAMMER VIP 300U/O The Radio Jammer VIP 300U/O is an upgraded transportable RF jammer that uses a proprietary barrage jamming method to defeat remote controlled improvised explosive devices. It incorporates optional jamming modules for extended frequency coverage as well as increased output compared to the VIP-300U. Intensifying the power output helps to increase the level of protection in order to jam radio receivers of a remote controlled IED, especially if the radio transmitter happens to be located in close proximity to the radio receiver/ radio detonator. Using jammers with an expanded architecture helps to cover both known and unknown threats in VHF, UHF, and microwave frequency ranges. The Radio Jammer is configured in a pair of transportable cases. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMb jAMMER TERRORIST TRAP VIP-16 jAMMER The Terrorist Trap VIP-16 series is a remote controlled jammer, operable from far away. That means that it can interrupt radio controlled IEDs in isolated areas such as hazardous territories, mountain areas, desert terrains, and be operated by the user from a safe distance. It is comprised of jamming modules that work with radio noise generators in conjunction with proprietary software, power amplifiers, and an antenna feed. These modules are activated by an automated control unit (by long range data transmitters). Depending upon the power amplifier type, the VIP-16 can be outfitted onto a UAV drone, hidden underground, or mounted on portable vehicles such as a jeep, truck, armoured troop carrier, or helicopter. Radio reconnaissance and jamming range: 20-950 MHz (the top margin of the range can be increased up to 2000 MHz). Efficiency: jamming of wireless communication lines at 3 to 30 km if mounted on the ground carrier, or at 20 to 100 km if mounted an airborne platform (unmanned aerial vehicle, aerostat, and helicopter). Homeland Security Strategies Inc

» Diehl BGS’s AWISS vehicle protection system deploys radar directed munitions against RPGs and anti-armour missiles. (diehl bgt)



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bOMb jAMMER MANPACK-6 bOMb RANGER jAMMING SYSTEM Manpack 6 is portable jamming system that can be carried by a person in areas that are under risk of encountering remote controlled improvised explosive devices or RCIEDs. The system for EOD personnel is designed to jam pre-set radio spectrum frequencies and blanket entire areas. It emits radio energy to jam transmissions including: short wave and VHF frequencies, VHF aviation and satellite Navigation systems, commercial simplex (duplex), trunking, cellular and satellite. The Manpack 6 is compact, portable, and lightweight, used for civil defense teams and explosive ordnance disposal – EOD use in domestic or international areas. It can be carried like a backpack, or placed in a vehicle for greater mobility. Homeland Security Strategies Inc

bOMEBOME is a battlefield jamming system designed primarily for light vehicles. This system is intended to neutralise ground and airborne surveillance radar. Bome is available in two versions and operates in two bands: E to G and H to J. The system is programmable and features DRFM. Thales Aerospace Division

CERbERUS Defensive aids subsystem (DAS) for armoured fighting vehicles, includes laser detectors and grenade dischargers. Incorporates up to eight Thales Optronics laser detector arrays, FVS 25 control/display unit and arrangements of FVG 66 or FVG 76 grenade launchers. FVS 25 display subsystem features audio and visual threat alarms, threat identification and threat bearing identifications. Thales AFV Systems

CIAPS Developmental Close In Active Protection System (CIAPS) for defence of combat vehicles against rocket propelled grenades and missiles fired without warning from close range. CIAPS consists of radar staring in all directions that can detect an incoming threat and launch one of an array of pre-positioned interceptors to intercept and destroy the warhead before it hits the protected vehicle. Intended for use on Stryker and other wheeled armoured vehicles. US DoD, Redstone Arsenal

CICM Close In Countermeasure is a complete active protection system designed to defeat incoming threats. CICM is modular, lightweight, low-cost and is designed to be adaptable to a wide range of ground, sea and air platforms. The CICM system is comprised of passive threat launch detection and active radar tracking subsystems, an advanced fire control processor, a simple user interface, and an extremely high speed gimbaled launcher that fires a multi-gun cluster munition. CICM successfully defeated RPGs in tests late in 2005. bAE SYSTEMS North America

CREW 2.1CREW 2.1 is a vehicle mounted RF jammer to counter radio detonated IEDs. It has been deployed in large quantities with US forces on combat operations. It is also known as the CVRJ (CREW Vehicle Receiver/Jammer) system. The Mobile Multi-Band Jammer (MMBJ) is a related version of this product. EDO (now part of ITT)

DAS – DEFENSIVE AIDS SYSTEM For armoured vehicles. Consists of a core processor and add-on threat warning modules including laser warning receiver, radar warning receiver and countermeasures such as smoke, flares, chaff and jammers. bAE SYSTEMS

DMR-1Described as a ‘wide-frequency’ bomb jammer, the DMR-1 covers the 20 to 2,020 MHz band and provides a jamming range of ‘not less than 30 metres’ from its 26 Watt output, according to the manufacturer. The internal antenna is hidden. A portable system, it weighs 10 kg and measures 460 x 345 x 240 mm and runs for 60 minutes on internal batteries or indefinitely on mains power. Hi-Tech Electronics

DMR-2A larger system, the DMR-22 is intended for fixed site or vehicle-mounted applications. The 23 kg, 528 x 528 x 138 mm system covers the 20 to 2,600 MHz frequency band and offers a range of ‘not less than 35 m’ from its 62 Watt output and external omni antenna, according to the manufacturer. It runs on 12V DC power. Hi-Tech Electronics

DMR-22The DMR-22 is larger, more powerful and boasts a longer range than the DMR-2. Also a vehicle mounted or fixed-site bomb jammer, it has a power output of up to 355 Watts and offers a range of ‘not less than 40 m’. It uses an external omni antenna and runs of 12V DC power. Hi-Tech Electronics

DMR-3Briefcase sized 12 kg RCIED jammer covering the 20 to 520 MHz frequency band. It offers a range of ‘not less than 30 m’ with 60 minutes operation on its internal rechargeable battery and unlimited operating time on external power, for which it has an AC/DC adapter. It has an internal antenna and can be fitted with a larger external one. The portable or vehicle mounted DMR-3 measures 460 x 380 x 125 mm. Hi-Tech Electronics

EjAb FOR ANTI-bOMb jAMMINGThe Electronic Jamming Anti Bomb EJAB is an innovative and sophisticated solution, which utilizes the Elisra Group’s battle-proven electronic jamming superiority to block the remote activation of IEDs via RF frequency and other communication means – radio, cellular phone, satellite and remote control devices. The jammer can be either vehicle-mounted or handheld. Developed in response to the requirements of Israel’s security forces facing real combat zone threats, the system provides an optimized solution that has already been repeatedly proven in the field. The modular EJAB enables customers to extend the frequency range to meet emerging combat zone requirements. Elisra



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FCLAS Full Spectrum Active Protection Close-in Layered Shield (FCLAS) is a developmental short range survivability system for ground and tactical vehicles designed to help defeat Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) attacks. TARDEC describes it as ‘the first self-contained, lightweight, close-in US active protection system surpassing all other world capabilities. Within half a second, FCLAS conducts surveillance, acquisition, tracks the threat, launches, fuses, and detonates the countermeasure to defeat the incoming threat.’ US Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center

GALIX Self-protection system for armoured fighting vehicles. Consists of firing panel and launch tubes. Munitions are IR decoys. Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices

IAAPS The Integrated Army Active Protection System (IAAPS) is in development to protect Future Combat Systems armoured vehicles against ATGMs and RPGs. It uses a mixture of active radar and passive electro-optical sensors to detect, classify and track incoming threats and a combination of ‘soft-kill’ countermeasures (IR jammers and decoys) and ‘hard-kill’ countermeasures to defeat them. Testing has shown the system capable of defeating a variety of threats fired at both stationary and moving vehicles. bAE SYSTEMS United Defense/Northrop Grumman

IEDS-200 jAMMERThe IEDS-200 is an RF jammer designed to prevent remote controlled detonation of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) via mobile phone networks and other radio systems. The 9kg unit’s bandwidth coverage encompasses CDMA, GSM, VHF, UHF, RC etc. It fits into a discreet briefcase with no external antenna and can also be fixed to ceilings and walls. It will operate for between 30 and 60 minutes on its internal batteries or indefinitely on external power (110~240V/50~60Hz). Aegis Corea

» Rafael’s Trophy active protection system is designed to defend a wide range of armoured vehicles. (rafael)

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jAMXJAMX is an RCIED jammer offered in two versions, one for military shelters and one for the Hummer vehicle. The jAMX Military Shelter covers continuously and simultaneously the full spectrum of RF communication frequencies from 20MHz to 3000MHz (33 separate frequency bands). It offers more than 2 kW of total RF power. The operator may choose to leave certain communication links ‘open’ as and when required. The entire system is covertly installed inside an ambulance type standard military shelter (M997). Careful design ensures that no parts of the system are left exposed, and all the antennas are completely enclosed within the shelter. The jAMX Mk 4 Hummer H2 vehicle is customized to accommodate a fully integrated broad band jamming system for the protection of military and police convoys. It jams the same spread of frequencies, and also enables the driver/operator to leave certain communication links ’open’. Using the latest jamming technology, the fourth generation of the JAM X has an ultra high overall RF transmitting power of 1,575 Watts. all elements of the system are concealed. The jammer modules; independent 10,000 watt AC generator; back-up battery pack and all other components are hidden from view inside the trunk and rear compartments of the vehicle. The systems omni directional antennas are all concealed beneath a glass fibre false roof. SESP Group Ltd

jAMV MK3The JAMV Mk3 is an RCIED jamming system integrated into luxury vehicles such as the Mercedes S500L and the Toyota Land Cruiser. The JAMV system covers continuously and simultaneously the most commonly used communication RF frequencies from 66MHz to 2500MHz, which terrorists are using to detonate road-side bombs (RCIEDs). Using the latest jamming technology, the third generation of our JAMV now has an ultra high RF transmitting power of 1,000 Watts (1,315 Watts for the Land Cruiser) for maximum range. This state-of-the-art RF jamming system is installed in the trunk of the vehicle. The system is supported by a fully integrated active smart cooling system, and powered by a dedicated specially customized DC alternator. A set of high gain omni directional antennas are mounted on the roof and rear of the vehicle. System management (activation, control and operation) is carried out via a remote control unit which is installed (in a covert manner) inside the driver’s console unit. The customization includes special RF shielding for full protection of driver and passengers. Optional armouring to level B6 is available for all our Military and VIP vehicles. SESP Group Ltd

jAMKITThe JAMKIT is a high power multi band jamming system designed for easy installation inside any suitable vehicle. It is constructed to simultaneously jam most of the existing cellular/satellite/walkie-talkie standards (frequency bands) used around the World. JAMKIT comprises the following elements: a high-power jamming system constructed inside one single large Pelican attache case (or customers may choose to have the frequency bands split to two smaller cases, one unit containing the cellular and satellite bands, and the second unit containing the VHF/UHF frequencies); a set of five-eight high gain omni-directional antennas with connecting RF cables; and a special design for vehicle installation. A wired remote control unit for fast operation and control. It covers nine frequency bands including VHF/UHF cellular and satellite and provides 350 Watts of RF jamming power. SESP Group Ltd

jAMPACKThe JAMPACK is a lightweight battery powered portable high power multi-band jammer, built into a sturdy back pack. It is designed for protection of ground troops and bomb disposal squads against the threat of remotely controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIEDs). Features: jams cellular, satellite, VHF/UHF frequency bands; suitable for any environment; equipped with high capacity Mil Spec rechargeable batteries. Only sold to law enforcement and military end users, or their official suppliers. SESP Group Ltd

PATROL-PXThe PATROL-PX multi band jammer can be constructed to jam up to six frequency bands simultaneously, and has a maximum overall RF output power of 300 watts. The jammer can operate either with its specially designed 8dBi internal directional (planar) high gain antennas, or optional 8dBi or 14dBi external omni directional type high gain antennas – according to user requirements. A ‘smart active’ cooling system enables unlimited continuous use. The system has a fully protected circuit in case of disconnection of antennas. The jammer can be equipped with multi level potentiometers for adjusting RF output power level of each frequency band separately (optional). The sturdy trolley type attaché case eases mobility. The jammer is designed for easy installation and use. Simply attach selected antennas and operate from the jammers internal batteries, or plug into either AC mains or DC power source and start to operate. All operational switches and check LEDs are externally installed. SESP Group Ltd

PATROL-TXThe PATROL-TX multi band jammer can be constructed to jam up to three frequency bands simultaneously, and has a maximum overall RF output power of 300 watts (100 Watts per band). The jammer can operate either with its specially designed 8dBi internal directional (planar) high gain antennas, or optional 8dBi or 14dBi external omni directional type high gain antennas – according to User requirements. A ‘Smart active’ cooling system enables unlimited continuous use. The system has a fully protected circuit in case of disconnection of antennas. The sturdy trolley type attaché case eases mobility. The jammer is designed for easy installation and use. Simply attach selected antennas and operate from the jammers internal batteries, or plug into either AC mains or DC power source and start to operate. All operational switches and check LEDs are externally installed. SESP Group Ltd

» France’s Nexter Leclerc main battle tanks could be defended by the Galix active protection system. (nexter)



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PATROL-bjXVHF/UHF bomb jammer developed for SWAT teams, military security forces and bomb disposal squads for anti-terror security applications. The PATROL-BJX has an overall RF output power of 300 watts, and is constructed to simultaneously jam most existing VHF/UHF communication standards, as well as garage door remote controls, car alarm systems and handmade radio emitters. Its ‘smart active’ cooling system enables unlimited continuous use. Antennas are attached and operated from the jammers internal batteries, or plug into either AC mains or DC power source and start to operate. SESP Group Ltd

PATROL-TThis multi band jammer can be constructed to jam up to four cellular or satellite mobile phone frequency bands simultaneously, and has a maximum overall RF output power of 60 Watts. The jammer can operate either with its specially designed 8 dBi internal directional (planar) high gain antennas, or optional 8 dBi or 14 dBi external omni directional type high gain antennas – according to User requirements. A ‘smart active’ cooling system enables unlimited continuous use. The system has a fully protected circuit in case of disconnection of antennas. The jammer can be equipped with multi level potentiometers for adjusting RF output power level of each frequency band separately (optional), up to 15 Watts per band. The sturdy trolley type attaché case enables ease of mobility. The jammer is designed for easy installation and use. Simply attach selected antennas and operate from the jammer’s internal batteries, or plug into either AC mains or DC power source and start to operate. All operational switches and check leds are externally installed. SESP Group Ltd

KbCM Defensive Aid Suite for armoured vehicles designed to counter anti-tank guided missiles and as MBT fire-control systems. KBCM detects threats accurately and warns the crew via the intercom, transmits the data to a screen and suggests appropriate retaliation. Countermeasures can be used in manual or automatic mode. The automatic mode optimises the response time. The system is structured around a computer and features a man/machine interface, a laser warning receiver, missile warning system, screening smoke and an infrared jammer. Modular and upgradeable, it can incorporate newly-developed equipment (laser jammer) and can be interfaced with the FINDERS Battlefield Management System in order to provide coordinated protection to a whole armoured unit. KBCM is currently being fitted to the AMX-10RC wheeled armoured vehicle as a technological demonstrator. It has been evaluated by the French Army and will be part of the future developments for the LECLERC main battle tank. Nexter

LADISLaser warning device for individual soldiers. Battery-powered. Acts against laser sensors, range finders, target designators and beam-riding missile systems. bAE Systems

The 8th RUSI/Shephard Future Land Warfare Conference‘Sustaining the Force – Soldier First’

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LAND ELECTRONIC DEFENCE SYSTEM (LEDS)LEDS family combines active signature management, softkill and hardkill mechanisms to provide full spectrum active protection to land vehicles. Full hemispherical coverage is provided to detect incoming threats and alert the crew. When installed in full configuration, the system will offer main battle tank comparable protection to light and medium combat vehicles against engagement by weapons like the RPG-7, anti-tank missiles, KE ammunition, mortars and artillery shells. LEDS consists of a sensor suite, a central active defence controller, a high speed directed dispensing system (HSDL) and countermeasure options, ranging from fast multi-spectral smoke, through active signature management devices and decoys, to hard-kill options that destroy the approaching ammunition before it hits the vehicle. The LEDS system makes provision for various interfaces that allow for comprehensive integration with on-board combat vehicle systems. The system also incorporates a mission data support facility. The sensor suite provides hemi-spherical coverage. Sensor options include, laser warning, missile approach warning and a future active threat acquisition and tracking system. The HSDL provides hemispherical countermeasure deployment, in the appropriate sequence, onto the detected threat direction. Dispensing can be controlled manually or fully automatically. Saab Avitronics

LWD 2 Laser warning system for armoured fighting vehicles. Comprises a control unit, junction box and between one and 12 detector arrays. Standard vertical FoV -12º to +47º, vertical FOV of 195º. Spectral response 400 – 1,600 nm. Azimuth resolution +/- 7.5º. Response time <0.1 – 0.2 s. Avimo Ltd

MUSS Multi-function self-protection system for armoured fighting vehicles. Passive UV sensors look for the UV signature of the incoming missile plume, tracking its flight path in azimuth and elevation. The laser warner detects and analyses impinging laser beams to calculate the source’s direction in azimuth (optionally in elevation), the pulse repetition frequency and other parameters. A central computer fuses data from all the sensors, initiates countermeasures and acts as a display and control unit for the crew. Available countermeasures include pyrotechnics (visual and IR screening smoke) and an IR jammer. Missile Warner: P-MILDS. Wavelength UVSB. FOV: 95 deg Image angle. Laserwarner: HARLID. FOV: 95 deg in Azimuth ± 45 deg in Elevation. Resolution

(AZ u. EL): ± 0.7 deg/± 1.0 deg. Wavelength 0.4 – 1.7µm LRF/ LTD. Smoke Dispenser: 81 mm SSM. IR Jammer: Type MK II. EADS LFK

SEPS Shortstop Electronic Protection Systems is a field proven protection system used to pre-detonate electronically fused munitions. SEPS provides highly effective protection against proximity fused indirect-fire munitions such as artillery, mortars and rockets. Three versions for vehicle mounting, stand-alone field units and manpack units. Provides an effective electronic umbrella against a wide range of fused threats. Condor Systems

SHTORA-1A tank DAS based on infrared jammers, laser warning receivers and laser-obscuring smoke dispensers, Shtora-1 was developed for and fielded on Russian MBTs. It defeats Command-to-Line-Of-Sight ATGMS with jammers that disrupt the tracking loop. CLOS missile guidance relies on a goniometer that measures the angle between an IR beacon on the back of the missile and the line of sight to the target; guidance commands seek to reduce that angle to zero. Jammers provide an alternative IR source that introduces large errors into the tracking process. Against laser-guided weapons, Shtora-1 uses a system of laser receivers that measure angle of arrival and trigger appropriate smoke dispensers. At the push of a button, the tank commander can slew the turret onto the laser source to engage it with the main gun. VNII Transmash/Elers-Elektron Ltd

SPN SERIES Vehicle-mounted, threat adaptive noise jamming systems against airborne fire control and side-looking surveillance radars. SPN 2/3/4 aimed at 2 – 20 GHz airborne and side-looking radars. SPN-2 covers 13.3 t0 17.5 GHz segment of J band. SPN-4 aimed at emitters with wavelengths in 3 dm range. Kvant

» EADS’ MUSS is a multi-function self-protection system combining threat sensors and countermeasures.



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SPR-2 GROUND jAMMING SYSTEM Designed to initiate premature detonation of radar proximity fused artillery and mortar rounds to protect vehicles, installations and personnel. APC mounted, requires two crew. Frequency coverage A and B bands (Russian terminology). Equivalent sensitivity 100 – 110 dBW. ECM potential no less than 300 W. Jams single frequency ‘autodyne’ fuses, even those with defensive channels. Jamming probability claimed 0.8. Survivability enhanced by short transmission and frequency agility.

TLQ-32 ARM-DDecoy system against anti-radiation missiles. Emulates frequency-agile radars, has 360 deg coverage, offers protection of both the radar and the decoy assets against ARMs, is lightweight fibreoptic interface between radar and decoy emitter groups. Modular packaging. ITT Industries

TR-1000Hand-held RCIED jammer for protection of individuals. Effective range: Well beyond an 80 foot radius depending on the strength and type of system. Input power: In-built 6.0v Ni MH battery pack. Output signal strength: 900mW. Signal source: Synthesized Operation. This is the ultimate in portable protection. Comp Nine

TRC 274 FPj – FORCE PROTECTION jAMMER Compact wide band V/UHF com jammer for force protection against radio-controlled improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Typical coverage would be 20-500 MHz and 800-2500 MHz bands to cope with main threats, with options down to 2 MHz and up to 3000 MHz. It features integrated ESM capacity and offers a wide choice of noise and jamming modulation waveforms. It is fitted in a transportable cabinet for easy vehicle integration. Thales Land & joint Systems

TROPHYAn active protection system for armoured fighting vehicles, Trophy rapidly detects and tracks any anti-tank threat, classifies it, estimates the optimal intercept point in space and finally neutralizes it away from the platform using a countermeasure. The threat detection and warning subsystem consists of several sensors, including search radar with four flat-panel antennas, located around the protected vehicle, to provide full hemispherical coverage. The neutralization process will take place only if the threat is about to hit the platform. Claimed to neutralise all known anti-tank rockets and anti-tank missiles. Offers full performance on AFV in motion, against short range threats, in close and urban terrain and under all weather conditions. Can engage several simultaneous threats from different directions. Easy integration on light as well as heavy platforms claimed. Rafael Armament Development Authority Ltd

TSHU 1-7 IR jAMMER IR self-protection jamming system for armoured fighting vehicles, such as T-72 and T-90. Comprises: two 280 x 350 x 350 mm IR radiator unit (weighing 30 to 35 kg each), power supply/control unit 280 x 350 x 120 mm (10 to 15 kg) and control panel 100 x 70 x 50 mm (0.3 to 0.6 kg). Specified system life 1,000 hours, MTBF 250 hour. Elers-Electron Ltd

VEHICLE HOSTILE FIRE INDICATOR (VHFI)Acoustic gunfire detection system originally developed for helicopters now being adapted to ground vehicles. Warns crew that they are under fire and gives general direction of where bullets are coming from. Five piezoelectric plate transducers detect shockwaves from supersonic bullets and feed signals to a central computer which generates visual and aural warnings. MS Instruments PLC

Y050Hand-held RCIED jammer for protection of individuals. Features: 0.6 Watt total power, range well beyond 30 feet; antenna: external type. Uses rechargeable 3.6V 2500ma Ni-MH battery pack – 3 hour run time. For charging battery: a/c adaptor and car cable supplied. Handheld size and aluminium case. Comp Nine

» The Bradley armoured fighting vehicle is a candidate for the US Army’s developmental IAAPS system. (us dod)

airbornE systEms

ground systEms

naval systEms

radar systEms

TEST SYSTEMS

guidE to suPPliErs

Product guidE

ElEctronic warfarE

EvEnts diary 2008

SHEPHARD

MunichMay 2009

For further information on how your company can participate in EW 2009, please contact Defne Alpay on

+44 (0)1628 606992 or email [email protected]

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EQuiPmEnt NAVAL SYSTEMS







the editor.

Warship ESM and ECM equipment specifications, with basic descriptions and technical data.

The equipment featured in this section is listed under the following headings:

± RF, IR and Acoustic Decoys

± ESM and Jammers

Within each section, the systems are listed in alphabetical order by name or alphanumeric designation.

airbornE systEms

ground systEms

NAVAL SYSTEMS

radar systEms

tEst systEms

guidE to suPPliErs

Product guidE

ElEctronic warfarE

EvEnts diary 2008


NAVAL » rf, ir and acoustic decoys

56

RF, IR & ACOUSTIC DECOYS

ALEX vAutomated Launch of EXpendables. Integral part of the EW suite or stand-alone system. Modularity allows a number of control consoles, launchers and displays to be adapted to individual ships. Fully integrated with ship’s ESM/NAV/wind sensors; automatic misfire detection/correction; built in test; provides and implements optimum tactics; handles multiple threats; automatic decoy cartridge reseed. Sippican Inc

bANDFISH MK2 vExpendable acoustic decoy that counters acoustic homing torpedoes. Used by UK submarines. Operates independently of launch vessel and hovers in mid-water, transmitting a high intensity acoustic signal. Operating depth can be programmed prior to launch. Bandfish Mk2, provides enhanced acoustic performance and an upgraded signal generator programmable with the customers’ choice of acoustic signals. From surface ships, it is deployed in LEAD rockets fired from standard Mk 36 SRBOC launchers. Ultra Electronics

bARRICADE vChaff and IR flares system. Consists of six sets of triple barrels firing spin-stabilised 57 mm rocket. Mk III provides improved electronics, lighter launcher (95 kg) and further stealth features Wallop Defence Systems Ltd

bARRACUDA vBased on the Wallop Defence SuperBarricade system, Barracuda is a passive ship-borne torpedo decoy system that provides its host vessel with a versatile self-defence capability against anti-ship torpedoes. It employs the 102mm Barracuda rocket family to deploy acoustic torpedo decoys to give all round protection and is effective, reliable, light in weight and easily installed or retro-fitted, having little deck recoil. Barracuda can be fully loaded or combined with other rockets to protect Naval platforms from both surface and sub-surface threats. Wallop Defence Systems Ltd

bULLFIGHTER vThe new generation of 130 mm decoys for SRBOC launcher systems to protect naval vessels up to the size of frigates against anti-ship missiles equipped with RF and/or IR seekers. Combined RF and IR payload is co-located and effective against radar and infrared threats simultaneously. Bulldog has been successfully seeker tested against modern RF and IR seekers with highly sophisticated ECCM during national and NATO trials. Overall length 1,208 mm, total weight approx 21 kg, sub-munition weight 3 kg, number of sub-munitions 5, IR payload per round 1,250 g, RF payload per round 8,000 g, reaction time <3 sec, effective time >40 sec, effective RF waveband 8-18 GHz, effective IR wavebands 3-5 and 8-13 microns. Options include auto-sequencer, auto-walk-off and load status indicator. Bullfighter is in service with the German and Polish Navy. buck Neue Technologien, Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH

C-GEMActive offboard decoy system that can be packed into standard sized chaff rockets. Includes a low-power technique generator and high ERP transmitter arrays that transmit jamming signals. Features include wide frequency coverage, extended spatial coverage, solid-state active array, fire-and-forget operation, electronic beam steering, very fast response, suitable for various launcher types. Rafael Electronic Systems

CHAFFSTAR II vSeduction chaff cartridge. Frequency coverage 2 – 20 GHz (single/multiple frequencies or band coverage). 112 x 1,067 mm dimensions. 8.2 kg (payload); 18.2 kg (complete cartridge) weights. Sippican Inc

CHEMRING CURRENT RF AND IR COUNTERMEASURES ROUNDS vCartridge Chaff 130mm Seduction Mk36: 130 mm mortar-launched munition for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers. Cartridge Chaff 130mm Seduction Mk214 Mod 1 Seagnat: 130 mm NATO standard mortar-launched munition for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers. Cartridge Chaff 130mm Distraction Mk216 Mod 1 Seagnat: 130 mm NATO standard rocket launched munition for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers – fixed range. Cartridge Chaff 130mm Distraction Mk216 Mod 3: Improved Distraction Chaff round – insensitive munition. Cartridge Chaff 130mm Distraction PW 216 Mod 2: 130 mm calibre advanced rocket launched munition for all Seagnat & SRBOC launchers – variable range and barometric height sensor. Cartridge IR 130mm Seduction PIRATE: 130 mm mortar-launched anti-imaging decoy for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers. Cartridge IR 130mm Seduction TALOS Autofire with base Lifter: 130 mm mortar-launched walk-off decoy for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers. Cartridge Dual Chaff / IR 130mm Seduction CHIMERA: 130 mm mortar-launched decoy with both chaff and IR payloads against advanced threats. Cartridge IR 130mm Seduction Mk245 A2: 130 mm mortar-launched walk-off decoy for all Seagnat and SRBOC launchers. Chemring Countermeasures Ltd, Member of the Chemring Group

CHEMRING’S FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS OF RF AND IR COUNTERMEASURES ROUNDS vCartridge CNR 130mm Distraction PW216 Mod 3: Corner Reflector Round for distraction and seduction signature reduced ships. Cartridge Chaff 130mm Seduction Multi-Payload: New variable range Seduction decoy based on successful Chimera Dual Mode Round. Cartridge IR 130mm Seduction Multi-Payload: Provides variable range walk off and co-located Seduction in one round. Cartridge Chaff or IR Seduction Variable Range Sub-munition: For small ships Cartridge Vertical Launch with Chaff, IR or Corner Reflector Payloads: In design consideration. Chemring Countermeasures Ltd, Member of the Chemring Group

CORVUS vChaff decoy launching system. Firing arc approximately 160 deg in azimuth and 30 deg in elevation. Launcher weight 585 kg. Tube diameter 195 mm. Tube length 1.6 m. Vickers Shipbuilding & Engineering Ltd


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DAGAIE MK2 vShipborne chaff and IR decoy launcher system. Comprises ten munitions (IR centroid, chaff or rocket launcher module chaff loadings). Ammunition weight is 50 kg per centroid suitcase, 20 kg for the rocket. Average reaction time is < 4 s Matra Defense Equipment & Systems

DESEAVER MK I AND II vDecoy control and launching System. Acting on Data from the ship’s command and control system and/or sensors, DESEAVER launches expendable decoys with priority and timing from an array of manoeuvring stabilised or fixed rocket launchers. Evaluates threats, selects appropriate countermeasures, computes deployment procedure and launches decoy. Controls up to six types of IR, RF and acoustic rockets, allocates resources and displays the threat and decoy environment. Designed to operate from a single console in three modes: automatic, where it evaluates the tactical picture, selects threats to be engaged and generates countermeasures response; semi-automatic, where it functions automatically but requires operator initiation: and manual. Elbit Systems Ltd

DLF(3) vA refinement of Replica. Suitable for seduction, confusion and distraction. Protects against missile threats. Irvin Aerospace Ltd

GEMINI vCombined chaff and IR decoy cartridge. Frequency coverage 2 – 20 GHz (single/multiple frequencies or band coverage). 112 x 434 mm cartridge weighs 5.2 kg. Sippican Inc

GIANT MK 245Giant represents the product family of 130 mm IR decoys for SRBOC to protect naval vessels against anti-ship missiles equipped with infrared (IR) sensors, including modern, imaging IR-seekers (IIR). Giant has been successfully seeker tested against modern IR- and IIR-seekers with highly sophisticated ECCM during national and NATO trials. Overall length 1,208 mm, total weight approx 21 kg, weight of one sub-munition 3 kg, number of sub-munitions 5, IR payload per sub-munition 1,250 g, reaction time <3 sec, effective time >40 sec, effective IR wavebands 3-5 and 8-13 microns. Options include auto-sequencer, load status indicator. Giant is in service with a number of NATO navies and other naval forces worldwide. buck Neue Technologien Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH

HIRAM II vIR anti-missile decoy cartridge. Ignites on impact with water. Weight 15.9 kg. Dimensions 112 x 1,220 mm. Liquid fuel with 45 sec (min) burn time. Sippican Inc

INTEGRATED DECOY SYSTEM v‘Third generation’ decoy system designed to counter all modern threats and tactics. Features real-time optimised decoy deployment, a fixed or rotating launcher and a computerised decoy controller that can be integrated with ESM, ECM and C4I systems. Decoys include LRCR confusion types that present false tactical data before an engagement to prevent accurate location of the platform; MRCR distraction decoys to defeat missiles when they are searching for targets, even missiles fired in salvoes; BT-41 seduction decoys to deceive any missiles whose seekers have locked onto the ship; and Heatrap IR decoys that provide a ship-like signature across the IR bands. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

LACROIX NAVAL COUNTERMEASURES vShipborne expendable decoys for seduction, distraction and seduction/dissimulation. Use both chaff and IR modules and chaff rockets. Chaff covers I/J band. IR decoys cover 3 to 5 and 8 to 14 um bands. Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices

LEAD vAcoustic countermeasure deployment system designed to distribute a pattern of decoys around a warship. The LEAD acoustic device is based on Bandfish Mk2. Enclosed within a mortar or rocket propelled LEAD cartridge, it is launched from standard SRBOC Mk-36/Seagnat launchers. LEAD cartridges are fully compatible with standard launch tubes and ready use lockers. Ultra Electronics

LIGHT CHAFF LAUNCHING SYSTEM vShort-range twin-installation for light chaff. 105-mm cal, 6-tube launchers. 2x6 ready-to-fire rockets. Alenia Difesa Otobreda Division

LONG-RANGE CHAFF ROCKET (LRCR) vRadar decoy system. Length 922 mm, weight 9.4 kg, diameter 89 mm and has a range of 10 – 12 km. Double-barrelled launcher is 1,250 mm in length, weighs 12.5 kg and is 216 mm in diameter. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

LOROC vLong Range Offboard Chaff distraction decoy cartridge. Generates ship-sized radar echo 1 to 4.5 km from launch position. 112 x 1,067 mm cartridge weighs 14.74 kg. Dimensions. Frequency coverage 2 – 20 GHz (single/multiple frequencies or band coverage). Sippican Inc

LURES vLitton Urgent Response Electronic Seduction. Active radar seduction decoy. Rocket launched from Mk-36 or DAGAIE Mk 2 chaff launcher. High radiated power protects large ships. Operates for more than 1 hour. Northrop Grumman – formerly Litton Advanced Systems Inc

» Rheinmetall’s Multi-Ammunition Softkill System (MASS) uses decoys to protect ships from advanced, sensor guided missiles. (rheinmetall)



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MASS – MULTI AMMUNITION SOFTKILL SYSTEM A naval self-defence system which protects ships from attacks by advanced, sensor-guided missiles, whether on the high seas or in coastal waters, as well as against asymmetric terrorist attacks. The decoys operate by seducing the incoming missile’s target seeking system. An automated decoy system, MASS offers substantial tactical, operational and logistical advantages and can be installed on all kinds of ships. It can be integrated into any command system or operated as a stand-alone unit. The innovative, programmable omnispectral ammunition used by MASS guarantees protection in all relevant wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV, EO, laser, infrared, radar). MASS has already been successfully introduced by the navies of Germany, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the UAE as well as another country in the Middle East. Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH

MEDUSA MK4/b ELECTRO-OPTICAL FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMA light, simple and easy-to-use electro-optical (EO) system. It can be deployed as a FCS for remote control of medium/small calibre guns, as well as an optical aid to more complex Fire Control Systems and for day and night surveillance tasks. Based on state-of-the-art process unit and last generation EO sensors, it belongs to the latest generation of light Surveillance/Fire Control. MEDUSA MK4/B can be fitted with up to four sensors: B/W TV, Laser, IR; an optional colour TV can be added. The monitor displays the TV/IR image and presents the target data (bearing, elevation, range) in addition to other indications (Lat, Long, Time). SELEX Sistemi Integrati

MEDUSA MK4/L ELECTRO-OPTICAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMA light, simple and easy-to-use electro-optical (EO) surveillance system, designed for maritime patrol and for sea control and Homeland Protection operations. Based on state-of-the-art process unit and last generation EO sensors, it belongs to the latest generation of light Surveillance/Fire Control Systems. The director is controlled from a Control Desk provided with monitor, keyboard and joystick. The monitor displays the TV/IR image and presents the target data (bearing, elevation, range) and additional information (Lat., Long., Time). The system can be connected to the Search or Navigation radar in order to receive target designation. It is also able to provide target indication towards external systems. MEDUSA MK4/L performs: EO surveillance and search, target detection, recognition and identification, target tracking through the Automatic Video Tracker and video recording and play-back. SELEX Sistemi Integrati

MK 53 DECOY LAUNCHING SYSTEM vAutomated system for launching IR and radar decoys to protect against subsonic and supersonic anti-ship missiles. US adaptation of the MK 36 to increase flexibility and incorporate the joint US/Australian NULKA decoy. Controlled by an EW suite or integrated combat system. US MK 53 Mod 4 consists of one decoy launch processor, six processor power supplies, four launchers and eight decoys. Sippican

MSCAD (MObILE SOFTKILL COUNTERMEASURE ACOUSTIC DECOY)A mobile acoustic decoy compatible with the standard SRBOC Mk-36/Sea Gnat launcher system. May be deployed alone or in combination with Ultra’s LEAD deployment system. Both LEAD and MSCAD generate high intensity acoustic signals, specially designed to defeat the latest passive and active homing torpedoes. Ultra Electronics

PK-2 vDecoy launcher. Comprises two ZIF-121 launcher units and Tersiya fire-control package. Calibre: 140 mm. 100 rounds per launcher. Weight: 15,000 kg Rosvoorouzhenie State Corporation

PK-10 vDecoy launcher. Calibre 120 mm. Rosvoorouzhenie State Corporation

PK-16 vDecoy launcher. Calibre 82 mm. Rate of fire: 1 – 2 rounds/sec in burst mode. Range 200 to 1,800 m. Rosvoorouzhenie State Corporation

RbOC II vChaff and IR Flare launching system – a family of mortar-launchers, controls and support equipment. Deck mounted stationary six tube array, each at varying elevations from 45 – 75 deg Sippican Inc

REPLICA vAutomatic offboard floating decoy against ASMs. Full elevation and azimuth coverage. Deploys on water contact giving immediate full radar cross-section. Container size 1.14 m long, 0.55 m diameter, weighs 67 kg. Irvin Aerospace Ltd

SAGAIE DECOY SYSTEM vEM and IR decoy system. Launcher is 2 m high, contains 10 rockets. Sweeping radius of 1.6 m. Empty weight 1,600 kg. Container length 1.8 m, diameter 33 cm, weight 80 kg EADS, MbDA

SCLAR MULTIPURPOSE ROCKET LAUNCHER vClose-in missile decoy system with UCLAR fire control system. Holds 20 x 105 or 110-mm cal chaff and IR rockets with automatic selection. Elevation from -1 to +54 deg. Training +/- 150 deg. Maximum slewing speed in elevation 30 deg/s and azimuth 60 deg /s. Firing rate: 1 rocket/s. Alenia Difesa Otobreda Division

SHIELD TACTICAL DECOY SYSTEM vChaff and IR decoy system against ASMs. Protection through confusion, distraction, seduction/breaklock and seduction dump modes. Launcher available in six- to 24-barrel variants. Fuses enable large multiband chaff deployment up to 2 miles from ship. bAE Systems Insyte

SHIELDSDevelopmental Shipboard Electro-Optic Defense System is an EO/IR closed-loop countermeasure system to defeat sea-skimming cruise missiles and air-to-surface missiles. Lockheed Martin Maritime Systems and Sensors

today’s solutions

For tomorrow’s threats

Chemring Countermeasures has over 40 years experience and is a world leader in the design, development and manufacture of advanced RF and IRcountermeasures for air, sea and land applications.

The company’s Technology Department with its extensive research and development facilities ensures Chemring Countermeasures is at the forefront of the industry to counter increasingly sophisticated missile technology.

Tel: + 44 (0) 1722 411 611Web: www.chemringcm.com

Photograph by: Mick Storey; © Crown Copyright / MOD, image from www.photos.mod.uk



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SHIP LAUNCHED ACOUSTIC DECOY (SLAD) vDesigned to protect ships from acoustic torpedoes, 112 mm or 130 mm SLAD cartridges can be launched from standard RBOC II or SRBOC launchers. SLAD deploys an acoustic transmitter under a float and puts out a powerful broadband jamming signal followed by a ship-like seduction signature. Also compatible with ALEX decoy launchers. Sippican

SKWS NAVAL DECOY SYSTEM vLightweight launcher developed for small and large ships carrying standard 130 mm tubes in fixed positions in various azimuth angles. 6 and 12 tube launchers; low-pressure deck mounts; 360 deg coverage; advanced launch algorithms; automated operation; C3 integration. TERMA AS

SRbOC (SUPER RAPID bLOOMING OFF bOARD CHAFF) vChaff and IR flare launching system with power converter, bridge and master launcher controls, and service lockers each storing up to 35 cartridges. Deck-mounted fixed tube launcher with elevation angles of 45 and 60 deg. Sippican Inc

SUPER CHAFFSTAR (PIC) vRapid bloom seduction chaff decoy cartridge covering 2 – 20 GHz. Cartridge weight 22.2 kg. Dimensions 130 x 1,220 mm. Sippican Inc

SUPER GEMINI vCombined chaff and IR decoy cartridge covering 2 – 20 GHz (single/multiple frequencies or band coverage). Cartridge weight 20 kg. Dimensions 130 x 1,220 mm. Sippican Inc

SUPER HIRAM III vLarge (22 kg) floating IR decoy compatible with SRBOC launcher. Dimensions 130 x 1,200 mm Sippican Inc

SUPER LOROC vDistraction chaff cartridge complementing seduction rounds and compatible with SRBOC launcher system. Cartridge weight 21.8 kg. Dimensions 130 x 1,220 mm. Covers 2 – 20 GHz (single/multiple frequencies or band). Sippican Inc

SUPERbARRICADE DECOY SYSTEM vChaff & IR flare countermeasures system offering confusion, distraction, seduction/centroid and dump modes. Two lightweight fixed launchers (24 barrels in total), control system (control unit, tactical computer and bridge display unit). IR decoys (emitting both 3 – 5 and 8 – 14 µm) deployed from 102 mm rocket. Wallop Defence Systems Ltd

SUPER WALK-OFF IR DECOY vSeduction IR decoy compatible with SRBOC. Produces several small IR clouds in sequence at increasing distances from the ship to ‘walk’ the missile away. Diameter: 130 mm. Overall length: 1,200 mm. Weight: 23 kg. Burn time: 15 seconds (minimum). Sippican

ESM & jAMMERS

ALDEbARAN vElectronic support measures/electronic countermeasures (ESM/ECM) system INDRA

ALTESSE vALerT and Surface Ship Evaluation. Provides alert on communication signals, tactical situation development and COMINT. Includes new functions to cope with dense environment, frequency hopping signals, burst etc. Covers 20 to 500 MHz (extensions to 1 MHz and 3,000 MHz optional); bearing accuracy 1 deg RMS. Interfaces with combat system via RS 232C, Ethernet. Antenna types are ANT 184-A (20 to 3,000 MHz), ANT 206 (1 to 3,000 MHz). used with TR 274 H/V/UHF digital communication jammer. Thales

AN/bLQ-10(V) ,Submarine ESM and threat warning optimised for dense electromagnetic environment of littoral battlespace. Described as an ‘affordable, low-risk, modern’ tactical EW system, it offers automatic detection, acquisition, identification and localisation; ‘full spectrum’ radar processing; automatic threat warning and situation assessment; extensive commercial off-the-shelf and non-developmental hardware and software; open architecture. Lockheed Martin Maritime Systems and Sensors

AN/SLQ-32(V) EW SYSTEM vThe US Navy’s principal EW system for surface combatants. It is available in five versions: the (V)1 and (V)2 suites, are passive, providing early warning, identification and direction finding capability for simultaneous multiple threats. The (V)3 suite, in addition to the capability of the (V)2 provides active response for simultaneous jamming of multiple threats. The (V)4, an expanded variant of the (V)3, is used on aircraft carriers. The (V)5 marries a (V)2 with an active jammer called ‘Sidekick’. Raytheon Company

AN/SLY-2(V) vAdvanced Integrated Electronic Warfare System (AIEWS) developed to replace AN/SLQ-32. Features include: precision Az/El; proven multi-path recognition and rejection techniques; situation assessment; reduced EMI/Improved EMC; integrated hardkill/softkill decisions; intelligent and adaptive blanking. Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics & Surveillance Systems

AN/SSQ-108 OUTbOARD vLarge, sophisticated radio communications detection and analysis system fitted to large combatants in the US and UK navies. It is capable of determining enemy electronic order of battle at long range, including over the horizon. It is now subject of the Co-operative OutBoard Logistics Upgrade project. bAE SYSTEMS North America


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APECS II vAdvanced programmable ESM and ECM system covering 0.5 to 18 GHz. Phased-array transmitters jam through 360 deg and with an 18 dBm average ERP over threat-frequency range. Tracks up to 500 signals in dense environments and up to 24 threats simultaneously. Intercepts, processes and jams both frequency- and PRI-agile systems. Concentrates jamming on highest priority threats. Cross-polarisation techniques counter monopulse seeker radars. Countermeasures techniques include spot and barrage jamming, swept-spot noise and cover pulse, plus a variety of deception-jamming modes. EDO Corporation

AR-700A (V1), (V2), (V3) v ,Family of ESM and direction finding systems for surface ships, submarines and aircraft. Covers 0.5 to 18 GHz, extendible to 40 GHz. Core is ASP-2000 signal processor. V1 provides ESM over 2-18 GHz and DF to 5º RMS. V2 improves V1 DF accuracy to 2º RMS and adds 0.5-2 GHz coverage. V3 adds operator console. ARGOSystems

AR-900 , vEffective ESM capability for small ships and submarines. Provides 360º, 1 – 18 GHz RF coverage for 100% PoI and highly accurate DF. Stand-alone or easily integrated in the shipboard combat systems. Options: frequency extensions to 40 GHz; miniaturised antenna for submarine optronic masts. EDO Corporation

ARbb 33 jAMMER vShipborne noise and deception jammer (supersedes ARBB 32). Active against designation, pulsed fire control and active missile seeker radars. Jamming modes include continuous noise, pulsed noise, cover pulsed, synchronous and asynchronous false echoes, and range gate pull off. Operates in H/I and J bands, covering two 180 deg sectors. Thirty-six 10 deg lobes cover both sides and direction-find to within 5 deg. Thales Aerospace Division

ARbR-17 vRadar detection, analysis and threat warning system. Omnidirectional antenna and eight-port directional antenna occupy same mast. Fitted to several French-built warships. Thales Aerospace Division

ARES-2N vNaval Platform Radar ESM capable of detecting, intercepting, identifying, classifying, tracking, Direction-Finding, localizing, audio warning, platform correlating and recording the electromagnetic emissions. A key feature of the system is its precision parameter measurement and advanced emitter characterization capabilities. The system can trace marked emitters and locate them automatically. Frequency Range: (2-18 GHz). Aselsan

bALD HEAD ,NATO reporting name for Russian submarine RWR and ESM system thought also to serve as a passive targeting aid for anti-ship missiles.

bELL NIP vNATO reporting name for Russian Kursk RWR and ECM control system for large combatants such as carriers and Kirov class large guided missile cruisers. Two sets of antennas cover 8 – 20 and 10 – 40 GHz bands.

bELL SHROUD vNATO reporting name for Russian MP-401 Start RWR and jammer (Bell Squat) control system for frigates & destroyers.

bELL SLAM vNATO reporting name for RWR system.

bELL TAP vNATO reporting name. Directional ESM system. Covers 4 – 10 GHz. Bearing accuracy approximately 2.5 deg.

bLQ-355 ,Submarine ESM system with IFM receiver covering 2 to 20 GHz. Offers 100% probability of intercept, identifies, and tracks radar emitters. Fitted to Spanish Navy Galerna class submarines and Type 209s of other navies. INDRA DTD.

bM/HZ-8610Sensitive (better than -70 dBW), accurate(2.5 deg RMS) DF systems covering 2-18 GHz, data storage capability of 500 – 1,000 modes. China National Electronics Import & Export Corp

bRICK GROUP , vNATO reporting name for ESM/threat warning equipment

» USS John Paul Jones (DDG 53), like most USN combatants, is fitted with the SLQ-32 EW system scheduled for replacement with the advanced SLY-2(V). (us navy)


NAVAL » Esm and jammers

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COMMUNICATION INTELLIGENCE & ELECTRONIC WARFARE SOLUTIONS (CIEW)CIEW is the new-generation range of COMINT & EW services, systems and equipments developed by Thales Land & Joint systems division to cue the decision-maker in the current operational environment. It is primarily designed to deliver information dominance and enable Command & Control operations on the newly digitised battlespace. The CIEW family, gathered under the Q brand, includes the global know-how of Thales to design and deliver COMINT & EW solutions tailored to the missions and operational environments of defence and security users, respectively named Intelligence Q, Land Q and Naval Q. Land Q is a range of electronic support and electronic attack solutions tailored to Army tactical users. It is designed to target the current and near-term communication signals of airland engagement. Naval Q is a range of electronic support and electronic attack solutions tailored to maritime tactical users, either on littoral or onboard combat ships. It is designed to target the current and near-term communications environment of littoral and naval operations. Intelligence Q is a range of strategic intelligence gathering solutions for national or joint users. It is designed to meet the current and near-term communications signals of the homeland defence, border monitoring and national security environments. The Q mission packages all rely on the same core equipment capabilities for interception, analysis, direction-finding and C2 warfare or force protection, which can be tailored to fulfil each user’s operational environment. Thales Land & joint Systems

CROSS LOOP vNATO reporting name for a DF system associated with small Russian surface combatants and support ships.

CS-3600 ESM SYSTEMS A precision ESM system featuring a unique receiver architecture covering the 2 to 18 GHz frequency range (extended frequency options available.) The system is designed for use in naval and ground based applications. The dual receiver architecture was selected to meet demanding ESM requirements for 100% probability of emitter intercept and the ability to work in dense RF environments. The CS-3600 ESM System consists of a monopulse DF and omni antenna array, a pulse analyzer unit, IFM and channelised receivers, a VME DF processor, and an operator workstation. Rockwell Collins

CS-5060 vFully automatic ESM/ELINT system in use by US and allies on ships, aircraft and ground platforms. It combines long-range signal detection, high probability of intercept, fine grain parameter measurement and complex signal handling. EDO Corporation

CS-6040 MICROWAVE RECEIVER/TUNERSee ELINT & COMINT Systems in AIRbORNE section. Rockwell Collins

C-PEARL , vESM system covering 0.5 – 40 GHz for all types of ships and submarines. Spatial coverage 360 deg azimuth; typical 40 deg elevation. Sensitivity -60 dBm. Very accurate DF and pulse/CW measurements. Optional ELINT capabilities. Can be integrated with ECM system such as RAFAEL SHARK system. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

C-PEARL-DVA compact lightweight state-of-the-art ESM system, based on a modern Digital Receiver, enabling automatic detection, data measurement and identification of threats. Offering high reliability and maintainability, it delivers 100% probability of intercept and very high accuracy of frequency and direction measurements with intra-pulse data. The C-PEARL family of ESM systems is fully qualified and operational in conjunction with on-board radars, and integrated with various combat systems. A single small antenna array handles both Instantaneous Frequency Measurement and Instantaneous Direction Finding with common multiple channel digital receivers. This unprecedented combination yields 100% probability of single pulse intercept at full dynamic range probability and frequency coverage with excellent frequency filtering. The ESM antenna introduces a very low Radar Cross Section (RCS) which is essential for stealth design. C-PEARL-DV is a stand-alone ESM system which can be easily integrated with the Digital SHARK ECM system. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

C-PEARL-S ,A variant of C-PEARL adapted for submarines by integrating a unique antenna array with the submarine’s ESM mast, search periscope and attack periscope. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

CICADA-R , vThe Cicada-R subsystem has the capability to provide a platform with self-protection by means of jamming or deception countermeasure techniques against either single or multiple threats that are active on the 6.5-18 GHz frequency band., The sophisticated jamming and deceiving unit is used to counter complex radar signals (based on DRFM technology). Cicada-R uses a pointing ECM antenna (radome with parabolic and horn antenna on stabilised 3-axis platform). As option a phased array ECM antenna can be used. Frequency range: 6 to 18 GHz. MRCM

COLDS , vCommon Opto-Electronic Laser Detection System detects laser sources of 0.4 to 1.1 nanometres with extension to Band 2 (1.1 nm to 1.7 nm) achieved with two dedicated sensor heads and extra computer cards. Can work as a stand-alone system with its own control and display unit or integrated with C2 or combat systems. Sensor head covers a 186 deg in azimuth and 90 deg in elevation. Elevation FOV can be mechanically adjusted within 90 deg (–25 deg to +65 deg). Four configurations are available for different ship lengths and wavelength coverage: 1. COLDS 70/1: Ships up to 70m, Band 1 coverage. 2. COLDS 70/2: Ships up to 70m Band 1 and 2 coverage. 3. COLDS 140/1: Ships up to 140m, Band 1 coverage. 4. COLDS 140/2: Ships up to 140m, Band 1 and 2 coverage. EADS LFK



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DIGITAL SHARK ECMA state-of-the-art ECM system consisting of a modern digital receiver; an advanced DRFM based technique generator integrated with Multi-Beam Array Transmitter (MBAT). This system enables the ship’s EW suite to support appropriate defensive response against all types of airborne radars, surface radars and missile seekers. Main Features: Compact ECM system; DRFM based fast coherent and accurate frequency set-on; Power management; Advanced and modern trackers and techniques generators; High transmitting power; Fast beam switching; Easy software maintenance through the use of standard data buses and high-level language; High reliability and maintainability; Modular system with growth potential; Interfaces with other combat systems and data sources. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

DM/A-301 v ,Low cost ESM system suitable for ships, submarines and ground stations. Aircraft and helicopter version can also be provided. Frequency range from 2-18 GHz and 3 MHz RMS accuracy. DF accuracy 5ºRMS (depending on installation). Over 1 Mpps processing capability, user programmable Data Base and recording capability for ELINT analysis. DTS Ltda

EAGLEThe Electronic Acquisition Gathering Locating Equipment (EAGLE) is a family of integrated electronic support receiver systems for ISR, ELINT and ESM applications. Net-Centric in its architecture, the EAGLE technology supports rapid emitter detection, DF and signal measurement. Wide instantaneous bandwidth operation allows the EAGLE to search many thousands of frequency bins per second in any predetermined set of frequency bands over its entire frequency range. Wideband digital receiver operation combined with an advanced pulse processor and modern software-based DSP technology ensures that the EAGLE is effective at intercepting modern large time-bandwidth product radar emitters, as well as conventional radar types. Frequency coverage: typically from 0.5 to 18.0 GHz. Special EAGLE systems can be supplied to cover 30 MHz to 40.0 GHz in a single VXI Chassis. Telemus

ES-3701(V) , v bTactical ESM surveillance and RWR system. 360 deg high precision monopulse DF combined with patented ‘autohet’ receiver for 100% POI. Designed for smaller ships, submarines. Provides situation awareness, targeting, self protection and surveillance, includes a Microsoft Windows-NT HMI. EDO Corporation

ESTASESTAS is a three-dimensional ESM Shipborne Threat Alert and Surveillance system. Features instantaneous hemispherical coverage, high sensitivity and high POI, automatic rejection of jamming and interference, built-in ELINT collection and analysis, automatic 3D DoA – azimuth and elevation measurements, flexible interfaces, integrated logistic support, multi-band coverage, automatic extraction of signal parameters and emitter/platform classification. Can distinguish between airborne and surface threats and has ‘special capabilities’ to detect Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) radars, according to ELTA. ELTA Systems Ltd

EWCC – ELECTRONIC WARFARE COMMAND & CONTROL SYSTEMThe EWCC System coordinates engagement plans and performs appropriate softkill reactions against threats (anti-ship missiles, targeting radars, etc). It controls EW sensors and effectors in conjunction with the Combat System for picture compilation, threat evaluation and weapon assignment. The EWCC’s new concept of EW library contains threat description as well as associated countermeasures. SAGEM Défense Sécurité

FL-1800U ,Submarine ESM system covering 2 – 18 GHz. Azimuth coverage 360 deg. Elevation coverage -10 to +60 deg. EADS Deutschland GmbH

FL-1800S vShipborne radar detection, analysis and jamming system covering 0.5 to 18 GHz. Offers 360 deg coverage. EADS Deutschland GmbH

FLAT TRACK vNATO reporting name. Barrage & deception radar jamming system able to counter anti-ship missiles. Rosvoorouzhenie State Corporation

» Electronics technicians work aloft on one of the amphibious assault ship USS Tarawa’s radars while at anchor in the Suez Canal. (us navy)



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MAIGRET 5800 v ,The system combines radar ESM (Maigret R 5800) and communications ESM (Maigret C 5800) inputs in the frequency range of 0.25 MHz to 40 GHz. The system can also have extended roles, such as ELINT and COMINT (Electronic and Communications Intelligence). Communications ESM has a frequency range from 0.25 MHz to 3,000 MHz. For the tactical Radar ESM systems, based on digital reception, the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz with the ability to extend it down to 0.5 GHz and up to 40 GHz is available. Maigret 5800 offers a one mast antenna solution with an outstanding sensitivity and bearing accuracy. MRCM

MbAT/RAN 1010 AND 1020 vMultibeam jammers covering 7.5 – 18 GHz with 360 deg instantaneous azimuth coverage. Very high ERP with options for antenna stabilization. Fast beam steering with multi-lobe jamming. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

MENTOR 2000 vESM system. Frequency coverage 2 – 18 GHz and 0.5 – 40 GHz option. Azimuth coverage 360 deg. Bearing accuracy 2 to 3 deg. Library size 40,000 radar modes. Reaction time < 1 s. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

MRKP-60 ,Combined RWR and navigational radar for submarines. Offers 24 RWR and eight active radar channels. Weight 700 kg. Rosvoorouzhenie

NATACS 2000 (ICON) SHIPIntegrated tactical COMINT and DF system covering HF (0.1 to 30 MHz) and V/UHF (20,000 MHz) bands. Very fast scanning (using wideband receivers) counters advanced frequency agile communications in dense electromagnetic environments, enables monitoring, direction and location finding, signal classification and digital audio recording. Fusion of the data with that from on-board ESM systems enables completion of the tactical picture. Described as fully operational with the Israeli and other navies. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd, a member of the Elisra Group

NAVAL LASER WARNER SYSTEMThe NLWS are optimised for detection and classification of: range finders, dazzlers, target designator and Command to Line of Sight (CLOS) missile guidance systems (beam riders). The system consists of a number of 310 and 500 sensors. The 310 sensors provide azimuth coverage of 90 deg and elevation coverage of 80 deg. The 500 sensors provide top coverage of 100° conical, which provides warning against high attack angle threats such as laser-guided bombs. The system DF accuracy is 7.5 deg RMS. Wavelength coverage is 0.53 to 1.8 microns. The NLWS can be installed as a stand-alone system or can be interfaced with CMS and a Countermeasure system. Saab Avitronics

NAVAL LASER WARNER vSeries 1223 Laser Warner modified helicopter LWR for surface platforms.(See Airborne Laser Warner entry). SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

NETTUNO 4100 FAMILY vThe Nettuno 4100 systems provide naval platforms with an Active Electronic Defence effective against both terminal missile attacks and long range designation radar systems. The modular ECM product is based on all-solid-state technology. Variants available suitable for corvettes, frigates and destroyers/large-frigates. Designed to concentrate power in the required direction, dealing with simultaneous threats. No mechanical stabilisation required, no moving parts and no wave-guides, only cables. Outstanding reliability and availability, very soft degradation. Elettronica SpA

NOLQ-1/NOLQ-2 EW SUITE vIncludes ESM system, jammers and SRBOC decoy launcher. Mitsubishi Electric Corp

NOLR SERIES (-5, -6, -6C, -8, -9) vESM systems fitted to several classes of Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force warships.

NS-210E vLightweight shipborne ESM for real time Electronic Order of Battle generation and immediate threat warning. Comprises omni-directional antenna; high-gain directional antenna, front end RF unit, receiver/processor and operator’s console. Features: Automatic detection and ID of radars; high POI, long detection range; accurate DF; fast reaction for threat warning; audio and visual alert signals; combined digital IFM/superhet receiver; presentation of EOB; handling of dense environment and exotic signals; automatic or manual operation; recording data for analysis. Covers 0.5 – 18 GHz; DF accuracy of 1 deg to 15 deg RMS. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

NS-9003A-V2/9005 ESM/ECM SUITE vIntegrated ESM and countermeasures control system that provides a ship with real-time EOB, immediate threat warning and automatic ECM response. Offers 100% POI of over-the-horizon signals, performs IFM and DF on a per-pulse basis. It covers 2 – 18 GHz (optional 0.5 – 40 GHz). Covers 360 deg in azimuth. ECM frequency range I/J bands. ECM techniques include spoofing, jamming deception, tracker synchronisation and look-through. Up to 16 simultaneous ECM engagements. Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

NS-9005 RADAR jAMMER vNoise and deception jammer covering 7.5 to 18 GHz. Generates spot, barrage or swept noise jamming and deception modulations (range/angle gate pull off and false targets). Elisra Electronic Systems Ltd

NULKA vAll weather, rocket launched, hovering active missile decoy. Manual, semi-automatic and automatic modes. Fire control system receives data from ship’s combat system. Weighs 400 kg fully loaded and shock mounted bAE Systems (Australia)

OLR-13Special naval version of the Communications-Electronic Acquisition Gathering Locating Equipment (C-EAGLE) COMINT and Wideband Communications Surveillance System. Telemus



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OLR-9/-9b vThreat warning systems reported on Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force destroyers of the Hatakaze, Haruna and Shirane classes. Fujitsu

OLT-3 vRadar jamming system. Fujitsu Ltd

OUTFIT UAP ,ESM system for RN Submarines. Thales Aerospace Division

OUTFIT UAT vESM system for RN surface vessels. Eight element antenna array, receiver/processor, operator’s console. Integrated into ship’s command system. Thales Aerospace Division

PALS vPassive Littoral Surveillance System. Ship ESM, situational awareness and surveillance capability for EEZ Management. Using specific enhanced emitter identification software and algorithms to identify and monitor vessels in the littoral environment enabling the creation of databases and contact libraries. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

PARK LAMP ,NATO reporting name for Russian submarine DF system.

PHOENIX , vAutomatic ESM and DF system covering the 2-18 GHz band. Uses an instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receiver. ARGOSystems

PRISM III vESM receiver with threat warning capability. Frequency 2 – 18 GHz (0.5 – 2 GHz). Four antenna monopulse DF array. Interface with combat system or console option. Weight Signal processor 31 kg and antenna 36 kg. bAE SYSTEMS (Australia)

QUAD LOOP ,NATO reporting name for Russian submarine DF and monitoring systems

RIM HAT ,NATO reporting name for Russian submarine RWR

RM/HZ 8610 vESM, threat warning & countermeasures control system covering frequency bands from 2 – 8 GHz and 7.5 – 18 GHz. Elevation coverage -10 to +30 deg, 360 deg azimuth. Stores 500-1,000 radar modes. China National Electronics Import & Export Corp

RUM TUb vNATO reporting name for Russian MP-404 submarine ESM antenna group.

RW-23-1 RWR vShipborne RWR. Covers 2 to 18 GHz frequency band. Weighs 238 kg. China National Electronics Import & Export Corp

S-EAGLEThe Signals-Electronic Acquisition Gathering Locating Equipment (S-EAGLE) is a family of integrated electronic support receiver systems for ISR and SIGINT. S-EAGLE can be used for both radar emitter and communications signals surveillance, intercept, and analysis. It is built using VXI (VME bus Extension for Instrumentation) based tuners (receivers), advanced pulse processors, signal digitizers and software-based radio and DSP technology. The S-EAGLE offers the ability to run both COMINT and ELINT on a single receiver hardware platform and a single PC server processor. S-EAGLE uses RAVEN-ES/SE software, a family of real-time Windows-NT/2000/XP applications designed to support the entire family of EAGLE ES systems. Frequency coverage: typically from 10 kHz to 18.25 GHz in a single integrated system or VXI Chassis. Telemus

SAbRE vModular high performance ESM and jamming system covering 0.5 – 18 GHz (option to 40 GHz). Automatically identifies and tracks emitters. Uses a phased-array transmitter with high ERP, interoperable with phased-array radars. Steerable antenna has polarisation control. Jammer uses advanced DRFM-based techniques generator plus a wide range of noise and deception techniques. Accuracy 2 deg RMS. Sensitivity -60 dBm. Dynamic range 60 dB. Processing time <1 s. Jammer offers diverse modes over 7.5 – 18 GHz using phased array and steerable antennas. Thales Aerospace Division

SCORPION 2 vNoise and deception jamming system covering 7.5 to 18 GHz. Covers 360° in azimuth, transmits up to 350 kW ERP and handles up to 6 threats at once. Polarisation is variable. Offers automatic, semi-automatic and manual activation of jamming. Thales Aerospace Division

» A SELEX Siren decoy is propelled by its rocket motor from its launch tube in a trial firing at sea. (selex)



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SCR-390(V) 1/2 vCommunication interception receiver system. Detects, locates, monitors, records, classifies and analyses V/UHF signals, HF optional. Active and passive capabilities integrated into a single operator position; standard connections to C2 and navigation systems; option of automatic transmission modulation type classifier. INDRA

SEAL FAMILYThe different family configurations can provide: self-protection function, with the capability to drive automatically active ECM equipment (jammers) or passive ECM equipment (chaff & flares); Tactical ELINT functions, with a specific law enforcement application; enhanced ELINT functions, providing the capability to operate in a very high density scenario without performance degradation, detection of LPI emitters and passive ranging and localization. The systems can work with Nettuno-4100 ECM, to form a fully integrated ESM/ECM system. MPEC compatibility functions. Elettronica

SEALION , vSearch and warning system for surface vessels and submarines. Frequency coverage 2 – 18 GHz. (0.5 – 40 GHz options available). DF accuracy 3 deg RMS. Sensitivity -62 dBm. Dynamic range 60 dB. Thales Aerospace Division

SES-210 vLightweight ELINT and ESM system covering 0.5 to 18 GHz with an option to extend to 40 GHz. Countermeasures can be integrated. Elisra Electronic Systems.

SEWS-DV vA shipborne EW suite based on digital receivers and digital technique generators, optimized to handle very dense electromagnetic environments. Capable of threat identification and simultaneous jamming and deception of multiple threats, it is an EW system for both ESM and ECM applications. Featuring high Effective Radiated Power (ERP) and advanced DRFM based Technique Generator, the system employs advanced power management techniques to provide the winning-edge against any challenge. From real-time signal detection and analysis in a complex electromagnetic environment, through identification, jamming and deceiving of surface ships, attacking missiles, aircraft and radar sites, SEWS-DV is the system of choice, whatever the threat. Designed to fit on-board all types of ships including OPVs, corvettes, frigates and destroyers, it meets MIL-E-16400 requirements. Operated by a single crew member, SEWS-DV features high reliability and maintainability, as well as full modularity, enabling expansion according to user requirements. The system easily interfaces with the Combat Management System (CMS) and other on-board combat and data systems. Rafael Electronic Systems Division

SIDE GLObE vNATO reporting name. Noise jamming system for large surface ships. Covers C, E/F and I/J bands.

SIREN vActive offboard decoy incorporating directional RF jammer. Consists of low g rocket, parawing, transmitter, receiver and antennas, control electronics and a battery source. Length 1.70 m, 13 cm diameter and weight 28 kg. 130 mm fixed launcher. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems / Thales Aerospace Division

SLQ-501 CANEWS vRadar detection, analysis and warning system. Instantaneous frequency measuring antenna and receiver subsystem. Data transfer unit incorporating high speed digital processor. CANEWS II available. No longer in production. Lockheed Martin Canada

SME/UME RANGE OF ESM AND ELINT SYSTEMS v ,The SME/UME surface and subsurface Systems consist of a range of compact, high performance units using CW immune ESM, ELINT and LPI receivers in a parallel architecture. The Systems detect, intercept, analyse and identify radar signals in the 2-18 Ghz (optional 1 – 40 Ghz) frequency range with a frequency resolution of 1.25Mhz. The Systems provide full 360° DF coverage with 5° RMS accuracy for the Amplitude DF configuration and 2° RMS for the Interferometric Phase configuration. Pulse density capability of 2.5 million pulses per second. System sensitivity of –65 dBm for Wideband, –75 dBm for Narrowband and –80 dBm for the optional Spin DF system. Systems are suitable to be fitted to frigates, corvettes, OPVs, FACs and submarines. Saab Avitronics

SQUID HEAD ,NATO reporting name for Russian submarine DF and intercept system

SRS-1 (COMbAT DF) vDigital DF and signals exploitation system. bAE SYSTEMS North America

SSQ-95(V) vActive electronic decoy buoy. Operates in I/J bands. Self-contained A-size package weighing 17.3 kg (914 x 125 mm). Operational in high sea-states, reusable. Lockheed Martin Electronics & Missiles Systems

STOP LIGHT ,NATO reporting name for Russian ‘Nakat’ broadband ESM system with instantaneous frequency measurement. Widely exported.

TDF-1200-3G v bxSelf-contained, multichannel, wideband interferometric DF system covering 20 to 3,000 MHz. Can operate alone or as part of a master/slave emitter location network. High scanning rates handle extremely dense electromagnetic environments with frequency hopping, burst and other agile transmissions. Can also operate as part of the ground-based EWIS integrated electronic warfare suite. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd, a member of the Elisra Group

TIMNEX II ,TIMNEX II is the third generation of an advanced ESM/ELINT system for submarines which performs detection, direction finding, identification, display and recording of electromagnetic emitters in real time. Covers 2-18 GHz with optional expansion up to 0.5-40 GHz. Advanced processors, high sensitivity, help assure 100% probability of intercept, while small antenna provides outstanding bearing measurement accuracy, says Elbit. TIMNEX II assures very short response time for analyses of all types of radars and high omni-directional probability in dense EM environments. TIMNEX II-C includes a fully integrated COMINT segment for full electromagnetic analysis. The TIMNEX



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family is modular, adaptable to simple and sophisticated configurations, and tailored to customer operational requirements. It can be supplied as a stand-alone system or fully integrated into the submarine combat system. Operational on board the Israeli Dolphin and Gal class submarines and various other submarines worldwide. Elbit Systems Ltd, Haifa

TRC 273 SMART RHINO TACTICAL HF jAMMEREnhanced HF communications ECM system covering the 1.5-30 MHz frequency band. It offers enhanced HF interception and follower-jammer capability. It puts out up to 1 kW of power through several types of antenna configurations. Thales Land & joint Systems

TRC 274 TACTICAL H/V/UHF jAMMERThe TRC 274 family of smart jammers is a digital and modular ECM solution designed for selective denial and disruption of hostile command & control assets. Featuring built-in ESM, it is designed to degrade, deceive or deny military, paramilitary and civilian communication networks. A compact design, a short set-up time, and mobile features provide TRC 274 with tactical characteristics ideal for use in a variety of sea, air and land configurations. It can either be integrated in an electronic warfare system or rely on its own interception, signal processing and broadcast abilities to provide electronic attack or force support. Waveband coverage: HF (1.5-30 MHz); V/UHF (20-3,000 MHz). Covers up to 800 protect frequencies or 10 sub-bands. Up to 1kW power amplifier. Thales Land & joint Systems

TRC 6200 SIOUX COMPACT WIDE bAND DIRECTION FINDERThe TRC 6200 is a new generation of wideband interceptor and direction finder designed for tactical use : real-time search, interception, direction finding, automatic targets classification, analysis, and recording of all RF signals, including frequency-agile emissions. It is based on advanced miniaturized technology which leads to a very compact, manpack design, high performance multi-purpose sensor. TRC 6200 Sioux is designed with a modular architecture (block and module levels) and enables service upgrades through technology insertion. HF & VUHF frequency band : 2-3000 MHz. Instantaneous bandwidth : 40 MHz in VUHF & 2 MHz in HF. Offers automatic emitters classification (fixed, burst, frequency hopping). Lightweight packaging (<12 kg). A man-portable version with integrated DF antenna is available. Laptop or PDA exploitation also offered. Thales Land & joint Systems

TRC 6300 XPLORER DIGITAL INTERCEPTOR & DIRECTION FINDERThe TRC 6300 is a new generation of digital radio sensor designed for fast real time interception, direction finding, automatic classification and tracking of complex broadband VUHF signals in a dense electromagnetic environment. It can either be integrated in a wider electronic warfare system or rely on its own interception, classification and exploitation capabilities to carry out any land, maritime or airborne mission. Frequency band : 20-3000 MHz. Instantaneous bandwidth : 20 MHz. Scanning speed : > 20 GHz/sec. It can cope with most agile signals (80µs LPI signal) in dense environments thanks to processing capabilities > 1million DF/s. It also provides automatic emitter classification (fixed, burst, frequency hopping). Thales Land & joint Systems

TRC 6400 TACTICAL WIDEbAND COMINT SIGNAL ANALYZERThe TRC 6400 features a single wideband channel (HF, V/UHF, HV/UHF). Real-time wideband panoramic display : 300 kHz in HF (2 MHz in option), 20 MHz in V/UHF. Offers: automatic modulation recognition, real-time demodulation and decoding, automatic or manual digital recording, off-line signal analysis, tactical packaging. Thales Land & joint Systems

TRC 6500 DIGITAL INTERCEPTOR AND DIRECTION FINDERThe TRC6500 is a new generation of digital radio sensor designed for fast real time interception, direction finding, automatic classification and tracking of complex broadband HF, VUHF and SHF signals. It is based on the latest technology allowing high performance on an open architecture. It can either be integrated in a wider intelligence or EW system or rely on its own interception, classification and exploitation capabilities to carry out any land, naval or airborne mission. Frequency band : 1-6000 MHz. Instantaneous HF bandwidth : 30 MHz. Instantaneous bandwidth V/U/SHF : 80 MHz. TRC 6500 can cope with most agile signals (80µs LPI signal) in dense environments. It offers automatic emitter classification (fixed, burst, frequency hopping), and automatic emitter identification. Other features include wide Band buffering and recording; multi-channel (HF, V/UHF, SHF); real-time wideband panoramic display; automatic direction finding; real-time demodulation and decoding; automatic or manual digital recording. Thales Land & joint Systems

TRC 8310 PASSIVE MULTIMODE SENSOR FOR LITTORAL SURVEILLANCEThe TRC 8310 performs co-operative vessel monitoring. It confirms location by decoding the Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) and by Direction Finding (DF) of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) transmitters. For non co-operative vessel monitoring it exploits passive detection and direction finding of echoes, by using terrestrial numerical television (TNT) networks. In addition it can include further spectrum survey capabilities, such as GSM, PMR, Thuraya, Inmarsat monitoring and DF, ATC/VTS decodingand DF, PCL with FM, DAB etc. Frequency band : 20 MHz –3 GHz. Simultaneous processing of AIS & TV channels. AIS DF principle : wide aperture azimuth, interferometry. PCL detection: adaptive ST reference filters. PCL anti-jamming : echoe 80 dB below the direct path. PCL resolution: horizontal elliptic range: 30m. Thales Land & joint Systems

TWR-3000 vWideband receiving system covering 20 to 3,000 MHz. Incorporates an embedded ‘activity detector’ which samples frequency sub-bands and processes the data by FFT ‘machine’ and other sophisticated algorithms. Processed output is an ‘activity vector’ including all detected channels within the sub-band. Fast scanning handles extremely dense environments characterised by frequency hopping, burst and other agile transmissions. Integrated into a variety of COMINT systems for fast searching and scanning, providing the initial data needed by other subsystems for monitoring, classification, analysis, recording and jamming. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd, a member of the Elisra Group.

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TYPE 18 ,Submarine DF and ESM system reportedly fitted to USN attack submarines. bAE SYSTEMS North America

UL-5000K vShipborne radar detection, analysis and jamming system covering 2 to 18 GHz. Offers 360 deg coverage. EADS Deutschland GmbH

VAMPIR NEW GENERATION VNG vIR search and track system; third generation 3 – 5 or 8 – 12 um IRCCD focal plane array (640 x 512); rotating sensor head 550 mm diameter x 1.2 m high; simultaneous tracking of 100 targets. Detection ranges: Fighter Aircraft: more than 20 km; Sea-skimming missile: more than 13 km; Small boat: more than 10 km; -20 to +60 deg elevation coverage with a field of view of 10.5 deg in elevation; 150 kg turret weight. SAGEM Défense Sécurité

VIGILEAdvanced multi-platform naval ESM/ELINT system. Covers E to J bands simultaneously. Offers all-horizon single-pulse intercept and DF, very accurate DF and true 100% POI. Detects agile, multi-mode and pulse Doppler emitters. Highly resistant to reflection and multipath. Offers superior control of dense environments with rapid threat classification and identification and high tracking capacity. It also features a user programmable library and interfaces with other systems such as ECM, combat and navigation. Recording system offers pulse-by-pulse replay. Thales Aerospace Division

WARRLOCK vDF system covering 1-500 MHz band as standard, extendable to 1 GHz. Offered for ships, land mobile applications and fixed installations and for one or two operators. High sensitivity claimed. Scan revisit times fast and programmable, time/bearing display has review feature to deal with multiple frequencies. CEA Technologies

WATCH DOG vNATO reporting name for Russian Nakat M wide-open ESM system. Frequency range of 1 – 8 GHz. Utilises two beam arrays and incorporates and instantaneous frequency measuring capability.

WbR-2000 ESM/DF SYSTEM vIFM-based wideband receiver covering 2 to 18 GHz, with 0.5 to 40 GHz optional. Antenna options allow variable DF-accuracy performance (7 deg Monopulse, 2 deg Spinner, 2 deg Hybrid Monopulse). Consisting of antenna assembly, receiver/processor and operator display. Small and light with 100% POI in dense environments. VME -based open architecture, offers continuous self-monitoring, 15,000 mode library, programmable aural and visual alarms, and an intuitive graphical interface. Argon ST Inc

WbR-2500 ESM SYSTEM ,Receives radar signals through antenna assembly (omni-directional antenna and an array of directional antennas). Signals are passed to the receiver/processor where frequency and angle of arrival are measured and digitised. Signal processor associates pulses with each other, measures pulse train modulation characteristics, forms report which is compared against library. Argon ST Inc

WbR-3000 ESM/ELINT/DF SYSTEM ,Modular, open architecture system combines the WBR-2000’s IFM-based wideband receiver system and a narrowband scanning superheterodyne ELINT receiver. Covers 0.5 to 18 GHz frequency range, 0.1 to 40 Ghz optional. Antenna options allow variable DF-accuracy performance (7 deg Monopulse, 2 deg Spinner, 2 deg Hybrid Monopulse, < 1 deg Interferometer). Processes 3 million plus interleaved pulses per second; response time <1 second, tracks 500 emitters simultaneously. Argon ST Inc

WbR-3000Wideband receiving system covering 20 to 3,000 MHz. Incorporates an embedded ‘activity detector’ which samples frequency sub-bands and processes the data by FFT ‘machine’ and other sophisticated algorithms. Processed output is an ‘activity vector’ including all detected channels within the sub-band. Fast scanning handles extremely dense environments characterised by frequency hopping, burst and other agile transmissions. Integrated into a variety of COMINT systems for fast searching and scanning, providing the initial data needed by other subsystems for monitoring, classification, analysis, recording and jamming. The receiver is available in two configurations: single or dual channel. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd, a member of the Elisra Group

WINE FLASK vNATO reporting name. Barrage and deception radar jammer.

AN/WLQ-4(V) ,Automated SIGINT detection and analysis system fitted to US Navy submarines. General Dynamics Information Systems and Technology

WLR-1H(V) vESM system covering 0.55 – 20 GHz. Dynamic range 60 dB. Automatic frequency, PRI, pulse width, angle of arrival, scan type, scan period, pulse amplitude and beamwidth analysis. Tracks 300 emitters. boeing

WLR-8(V) v ,Modular tactical radar detection and analysis system covering 40 MHz to 18 GHz. Automatically measures signal direction, provides threat warnings and scans a wide frequency range sequentially or simultaneously. General Dynamics Information Systems and Technology

ZLR SERIES v ,Radar threat warners reportedly fitted to Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force surface combatants and submarines.

EQuiPmEnt RADAR SYSTEMS







the editor.

The radar systems in this section are divided into:

± Airborne Surveillance

± Airborne Fire Control

± Land-based Air Defence

± Battlefield Radars

± Naval Fire Control

Systems are listed in alphabetical order by name or alphanumeric designation.

airbornE systEms

ground systEms

naval systEms

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RADAR » airborne surveillance and maritime patrol

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AIRbORNE SURVEILLANCE AND MARITIME PATROL

AGRIONFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Surveillance and missile targeting pulse radar from the Iguane family fitted to Saudi AS-565 Panther helicopters (Agrion 15). Missions include ASuW (search, surveillance, over-the-horizon targeting for friendly ship-launched missiles, automatic command-to-line-of-sight guidance for the helicopter’s own AS-15TT missiles), SAR, environmental protection, navigation, weather avoidance. Features a paraboloid antenna with other types as options pulse compression, frequency agility, ECM resistance. Thales Airborne Systems, France

AN SERIESFrequency: 9.5-10 GHz, linear FM, fixed or agile Description: ASW and ASuW radars derived from AN/APS-137. Designed for detection of periscopes exposed for under 5 sec. Transmitter: coherent, 500 kW peak, 500 W average power. Antenna: stabilised, n x 360 deg scan, 6, 60, and 300 rpm, sector scans, 34.5 dB gain. Receiver: linear FM pulse compression, automatic gain control, constant false alarm rate. Digital signal processing: high resolution scan-to-scan integration, multi-target track-while-scan, optional SAR and ISAR. Display processing: PPI and B scan, multiple high-resolution video formats, optional ISAR with range profile, video freeze. Standard interfaces: 1553, ARINC 407 synchro, RS-232, RS-343, RS-170 video. Detection ranges: periscope, Sea State 4, 25 nm; large patrol boat, SS4, 75 nm; destroyer in SS5, 170 nm. Modes: periscope/small target, surface surveillance, nav/weather, image. Options: custom antenna installations, classify-while-scan, coherent look-down air target detection and tracking, ISAR, SAR, DBS, GMTI, image classification, control and display. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APN-241Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: High-resolution ground mapping radar developed specifically for the C-130 mission and operational requirements. It enables accurate low-level navigation and precision aerial drops, predictive windshear detection in all weather conditions, and situational awareness for all-weather formation flying. Northrop Grumman Information Technology sector, USA

AN/APN-242Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Colour weather and navigation radar marketed as a form fit and function replacement for the APN-59. Detects weather with full colour, black and white, or green displays of storms.Terrain mapping and navigation high resolution ground mapping mode with latitude/longitude stabilized electronic cursor to provide range and azimuth information to waypoint. Detects fighter aircraft at extended ranges through intervening rain showers concurrent with other operating modes. Detects airborne and ground beacons and optionally interrogates IFF equipped aircraft. Range: 444.5 km (weather detection), 185.2 km (IFF interrogation) Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems (Sperry Marine), USA

AN/APQ-156Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Multifunction tactical radar fitted to A6E Intruder strike aircraft and EA-6B Prowler electronic warfare aircraft. Capable of search mapping, targeting, terrain following, terrain avoidance and beacon tracking. Northrop Grumman, USA

AN/APQ-158Description: Terrain following/terrain avoidance radar for the USAF MH-53J Pave Low III long range SAR/special operations helicopter. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APQ-164Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Phased array multi-mode pulse-Doppler offensive radar system integrated into the Boeing B1B strategic bomber. Performs navigation, terrain following/terrain avoidance and weapon delivery functions, along with ground moving target indication, beacon interrogation and air refuelling rendezvous. Northrop Grumman, USA

AN/APQ-170Frequency: I and J Band Description: Multi-mode radar fitted to MC-130H Combat Talon II special operations Hercules, used for terrain following/terrain avoidance, weather mapping and avoidance, navigation and beacon interrogation. DRS Sustainment Systems Inc, USA

AN/APQ-174/186Description: Multi-mode radar for special operations. Modes: standby, terrain following (normal, power management, weather penetration), terrain avoidance (TA), ground mapping (GM), air-to-ground ranging, beacon interrogation, weather detection, TF/TA, TF/GM, TF/Beacon, TF/weather. Set clearances: 100, 150, 200, 300, 500 ft. Turning flight capability: use of terrain storage for pre-turn and turn-back status, 5.5 deg/sec turn rate. Weather performance: selectable circular polarisation, works despite 10 mm/hr rain. Features: high ECM resistance, semi- covert operation (power management), low reflectivity terrain performance, Mil Std 1553 interface. Fail safe: extensive internal monitoring, periodic and initiated BIT, end-to-end test. Modules: Pod, Radar Interface Unit, Pressurisation unit. Weight: 250 lb. Size: pod – 13 in diameter, 43 in long, RIU 30 x 9 x 14 in. Power: 115 VAC 400 Hz 2,100VA, 28 VDC 38 W. MTBF: 144 hours specified. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APQ-175Frequency: I and K Band Description: Dual band radar at the heart of the Adverse Weather Aerial Delivery System (AWADS) fitted to USAF C130E Hercules transports. As well as being able to image major terrain features and man-made structures, it is used for both long-range and precision ground-mapping, weather detection and beacon interrogation/reception. DRS Sustainment Systems Inc, USA

AN/APQ-180Used on the AC-130U Specter gunship, the AN/APQ-180 is a modification of the APG-70 and has fixed target track, ground moving target indication and track, projectile impact point position, beacon track, and a weather mode. The APG-70 antenna and analogue signal processors were modified and added to complete the APQ-180 system. The AC-130U Specter gunship is an air-to-ground platform equipped with a 105mm howitzer and 25mm and 40mm cannons. It is operated by the US Special Operations Forces. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA


AN/APQ-181Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Low-Probability-of-Intercept (LPI) radar fitted to the B2 Spirit stealth bomber. The radar currently features a two-dimensionally scanned antenna. This will be replaced with an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) antenna the B-2 Radar Modernization Program (RMP). When the RMP is complete, each radar set will consist of five line replaceable units or LRUs: the AESA and its associated power supply, signal processor, data processor, and receiver/exciter. It will feature full redundancy. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APS-124Description: Long range maritime search and targeting radar originally developed for US Navy Seahawk. Modes: long range search (2 microsecond pulse duration, pulse repetition frequency of 470 Hz, 6 rpm scan rate, 296 km max display range); medium range search (1 microsecond pulse duration, 940 Hz, 12 rpm scan rate, 74 km max display range), fast scan surveillance (0.5 microsecond pulse duration, 1,880 Hz, 120 rpm). Antenna: stabilised linear array in belly radome, 360 deg scan capability. Features: High mean output power, good clutter rejection for detection of small targets in high sea states, digital scan converter for scan-to-scan integration, datalink for communication and operation as ship-helicopter team for missile targeting and submarine hunting. Helicopter installations: US Navy SH-60B, Spanish Navy S-70B-1. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APS-125Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: AEW radar fitted in rotodome of E-2C Hawkeye AWACS aircraft. Features false alarm rate control, clutter rejection and digital ground moving target indication. Now superseded by later upgrades. Lockheed Martin Ocean, Radar and Sensor Systems, USA

AN/APS-128/-128DDescription: Digital maritime surveillance radar fitted to a variety of fixed wing MPAs with different radome and antenna shapes and sizes. Both parabolic and flat-plate antennas in service. Range: 65 km (fishing vessel), 111 km (trawler), 185 km (freighter), 222 km (tanker). Telephonics, USA

AN/APS-137b(V)5Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Maritime patrol radar fitted to USN P3 Orion as part of the ASuW Improvement Program (AIP). It provides both multi-resolution SAR and ISAR, allowing high performance over land, sea, and in littoral regions. Current operational capabilities include long-range surface search and target tracking, periscope detection in high sea states, ship imaging and classification using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for overland surveillance, ground mapping, and targeting. Related programs and upgrades include a precision targeting capability at long stand-off ranges, a ground moving target indication (GMTI) mode, and a variant suitable for the S-3B Viking Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APS-138Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: Replacement for APS-125 on Hawkeye incorporating new rotodome with L3 Randtron Total Radiation Aperture Control Antenna offering continuous surface to altitude coverage, automatic simultaneous detection and tracking of surface and air targets, time difference height finding. Lockheed Martin Ocean, Radar and Sensor Systems, USA

AN/APS-139Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: Upgrade to APS-138 on Hawkeye designed to improve performance against low RCS targets. Lockheed Martin Ocean, Radar and Sensor Systems, USA

AN/APS-145Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: High-power UHF Doppler radar fitted to current Hawkeye 2000 AWACS aircraft. Range is said to be 40% greater than that of the APS-138, increasing the continuous surveillance volume to 6 million cubic miles.Uses a rotating antenna within a circular radome mounted atop the aircraft to detect and track multiple threats on the sea, in the air, over land, and the critical land-sea interface simultaneously. Increased scan-to-scan correlation maintains over 20,000 tracks. It maintains operation in dense signal environments where others fail, and automatically selects the clearest operating frequency. A triple Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) feature which allows for continuous detection of all targets over the entire tactical area. Lockheed Martin Ocean, Radar and Sensor Systems, USA

AN/APS-147(V)Description: New multi-mode maritime inverse SAR radar. Modes: target imaging, small target/periscope detection, long range surveillance, weather avoidance, all weather navigation, short-range SAR, enhanced LPI search, target designation. Features: high throughput signal and data processing; claims to detect very small targets and display them with a resolution unmatched by other radar; advanced processing claimed to allow much lower output levels than traditional maritime radar resulting in very low LPI. Installations: will upgrade 300 USN SH-60R LAMPS MkIII helicopters. Status: Completed Technical Evaluation and Operational Evaluations, entering full rate production 2006. Telephonics, USA

» Scaled Composite’s Proteus optionally piloted aircraft tests the developmental Multi-Platform Radar Technology Insertion Program (MP-RTIP) sensor. (scaled composites)



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AN/APY-1/2Frequency: 2 to 4 GHZ Description: Airborne Warning And Control System (AWACS) radar installed in large rotodome above the fuselage of the Boeing 707-320B in US, NATO, UK, French and Saudi service, and on Boeing 767s in Japanese service (the E-767). Has a 360 deg view of the horizon, can detect and track both air and sea targets simultaneously and can extract airborne targets from surface clutter ‘that confuses other present-day radars’. APY-2 has full maritime capability. Azimuth scanning of the phased array is mechanical, but elevation scanning and beam forming are electronic using phase shifting elements. Operating modes are: Pulse-Doppler Non-Elevation Scan (PDNES), Pulse-Doppler Elevation Scan, Beyond The Horizon (BTH), Passive, and Maritime. Range: More than 320 km. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APY-3 SLARFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Large phased-array ground surveillance Side Looking Airborne Radar with synthetic aperture and moving target indication capability. It is the primary sensor of the USAF/US Army Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) in the E-8A, a converted Boeing 707. Operating modes are: Moving Target Indication/Wide Area Surveillance (MTI/WAS), MTI Sector Search (MTI/SS), Synthetic Aperture Radar/Fixed Target Indication (SAR/FTI). The Radar Technology Insertion Program will add a more powerful radar, higher resolution, and concurrent SAR and MTI modes. Range: More than 250 km. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, USA

AN/UPX-505 IFF INTERROGATOR (IFFI). The unique design of the IFF required for multi-mode radars enables this sensor to provide IFF reply video and target reports in all radar modes if commanded, or independently In Radar Standby. The equipment is a Mark XIIA Interrogator with Mode S. Operation in Modes 1, 2, 3, C, 4, 5 Level 1 and Level 2, and Mode S Level 1 and Level 2, is provided in such a way as to maximize automation and transaction management to ease operator workload. Telephonics, USA

AN/ZPQ-1 TESARFrequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: High-performance, lightweight, low-cost synthetic aperture radar and associated ground station provide continuous imagery onboard the Predator Tier II UAV. Weighs 75 kg. Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors and Systems, USA

ANEMONEFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Multifunction radar developed as an upgrade for French Navy Super Etendard carrier borne strike aircraft. Air-to-surface surveillance and targeting is its primary function, in which it feeds target data to the Exocet missile, but it also has air-to-air and ground mapping functions. It is a monopulse radar with a low-sidelobe slotted flat plat antenna and track-while scan capability. Thales Airborne Systems, France

ANTILOPE 5TCFrequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Navigation and terrain following radar for Mirage 2000 D and N models. Designed to perform terrain following and mapping functions as well as air-to-ground and air-to-air targeting. Thales Airborne Systems, France

APS-143C(V)3 OCEAN EYEDescription: Family of maritime surveillance, tracking and imaging radars. Antenna: stabilised, corporate fed planar array or parabola; full 360 deg; 45 – 360 deg sector scan; searchlight; bandwidth >500 MHz; optional integral IFF interrogator antenna/R-T/Processor; optional integrated ESM antennas; polarisation V or H; azimuth accuracy 0.5 deg; no waveguide pressurisation needed. Power: 8 kW peak from helix TWT; no special cooling needed. PW: 0.1, 10, 23.4 or 40 microseconds. Range: up to horizon at 28,000 ft; detects 1 sqm target up to 24 nm in Seat State 3; range resolution 1 m for ISAR/SAR; close-in range down to 90 ft (30 m). Features: 46 frequency pulse-to-pulse agility; pulse compression >3,000:1; TWS tracker options for 30, 100 and 200 targets; 5-colour weather avoidance mode; Sea MTI; GMTI; integral IFF; built-in display/control generator; automatic-image-selection for ISAR; scan-to-scan integration; SART beacon detection. Modules: Antenna/Pedestal; Transceiver; Signal Processor. Interface: Mil Std 1553B; optional RS-422, ARINC429; interfaces for FLIR steering, ESM, data link, recording. Weight: typical 180 lb (80 kg) with full RP/ISAR/Spotlight/Stripmap SAR/SMTI/TDMS; display extra. Options: modular additions of Range Profiling (RP), Inverse SAR, Stripmap and Spotlight SAR, SMTI, TDMS, AIS; target data hand-off for Penguin missile; oil slick detection optimisation; iceberg detection/mapping optimisation. Installations: aerostats (anti-drug); C-26 Metro; F-20/HU-25; F-90; C-130; F-27; C-212; Saab 340; Beech 100/200; Dash-8; P-3 Orion; S-70B/C; SH-2G; Panther. Status: in production; more than 200 operational. Telephonics, USA

APS-504(V)Frequency: 8.9 to 9.4 GHz (9.345 GHz in weather mode, Tx 9.375 GHz, Rx 9.310 GHz in beacon mode) Pulse Repetition Frequency: 320 to 2230 pps depending on mode Description: Multi-mode maritime patrol radar with surface search, anti-submarine warfare, ground stabilized search, weather and weather contour and beacon modes. TWT transmitter features frequency agility, 2 SAW-based pulse compression modes, 3 pulse modes. System offers selectable constant-false-alarm-rate processing, pulse-to-pulse integration, selectable scan-to-scan integration and sector scanning plus multiple (20 target) track-while-scan capability. The parabolic or high-performance flatplate antenna is stabilised on two axes. Range: 370 km. Northrop Grumman Navigation and Space Sensors, Canada

APS-508 RADARThis radar, being provided under the CP-140 Aurora Incremental Modernization Program (AIMP), integrates into a single radar, for the first time, the traditional functionality of ASW/ASU maritime patrol and overland air-to-ground SAR/GMTI. The sensor suite is the ideal solution for aircraft upgrades or new production, where the user must meet multiple divers mission requirements with a single aircraft. The APS-508 meets the demanding requirements of the military maritime environment of the Aurora MPA aircraft, a version of the Lockheed Martin P-3 Orion operated by forces worldwide. As such, it is a natural fit for those forces interested in upgrading their MPA fleets to improve performance, provide new capability, and to avoid the costs and problems caused by obsolescence. The transmitter uses an 8kw TWT with 5% duty cycle for an average power output of 400 watts. The 1 GHz bandwidth provides extremely fine resolution and frequency agility. The three-channel receiver provides for both analogue and digital pulse compression, depending on mode. Telephonics, USA



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APS-717Description: I-Band operation Airborne radar family for surveillance and meteorological applications suitable to be installed on board fixed or rotary wing aircraft to support such missions as: search and rescue; maritime patrol; transport. Galileo Avionica, Italy

APS 784ASV Anti-Surface Vessel, ASW Anti-Submarine Warfare, Weather, Short range, 360° Surveillance, developed for the Italian Navy version of the EH 101 helicopter. Galileo Avionica, Italy

ASARS-2Description: Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar System for the USAF U-2. Real-time, high-resolution reconnaissance system with all-weather, day-night, long-range mapping capabilities. Detects and accurately locates fixed and moving ground targets. It gathers detailed information, formats the data, and transmits high resolution images. Raytheon is currently delivering upgrades under the ASARS Improvement Program (AIP). ASARS-2 is the foundation for current production and development radars such as HISAR, Global Hawk, and the Airborne Reconnaissance Low-Magnification (ARL-M) Crazy Hawk. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

ASTORDescription: UK battlefield surveillance Synthetic Aperture Radar/Moving Target Indicator (SAR/MTI) system installed in a Bombardier Global Express business jet. The radar is a variant of the Raytheon ASARS 2. The SAR will provide high-resolution images for decision makers and the MTI will monitor hostile forces – their quantity, direction and speed. Range: Up to 300 km. Raytheon Electronic Systems, UK

CARAbAS 1Frequency: 20 to 90 MHz Description: CARABAS stands for Coherent All RAdio BAnd Sensing. It is a low VHF-band synthetic aperture radar designed to penetrate foliage and camouflage and produce high resolution SAR images. Military applications include: reconnaissance and wide area surveillance, searching for camouflaged and hidden targets, defence treaty compliance and conflict awareness. Civil applications include: forest stem volume measurement, topographical mapping and digital elevation modeling (DEM), mapping (buildings, power lines), search and rescue operations, subsurface imaging in arid areas. CARABAS I featured an aft-facing 5.5 m dual boom antenna array mounted on a business jet. CARABAS II has two 8.2 m forward facing probe antennas. CARABAS III uses phased array technology. FOI (Swedish Defense Research Agency) and Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden

DAVFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Rotor-mounted, air-to-air radar. Functions: detection, recognition of aeroplanes and helicopters at low and very low altitude; recognition, classification; missile approach warning; air collision warning. Operational characteristics: all-weather; very short reaction time; accurate threat localisation; easy integration into weapon system; missile envelope calculation; low false alarm rate; low probability of intercept; jammer rejection, no increase to helicopter’s RCS. Transmitter: solid state source, transistorised amplifier, frequency agile. Antenna: rotates with main rotor, 24 deg elevation coverage, weight; under 60 kg, power under 800 W, diameter; 90 cm, height 42 cm. Receiver: low noise, superheterodyne. Doppler

analysis: digital processing with FFT. Helicopter identification: blade flashes analysis. Target designation data: azimuth, elevation, range, speed, accuracy sufficient for AAM lock on, EO system pointing. Interface: 3 MCU ARINC 600 box, 5 kg, 1553B databus. Thales Airborne Systems, France

E-801M/E OKOWavelength: 10 cm band Description: AEW radar fitted to Kamov Ka-31 shipborne helicopter. Features a 6 x 1 m flat plate antenna that folds out from underneath the aircraft. Thought to be capable of detecting 200 airborne and surface targets while simultaneously tracking 20 to 40. Range: 200 km (ships), 115 km (fighter aircraft). Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering, Russia

EL/M-2022 SERIESDescription: Multi-mode surveillance radar designed for ASuW, ASW, littoral warfare, maritime surveillance and EEZ patrol, anti-drug enforcement operations, coast guard and fisheries patrol, search and rescue. Optimized for detection of small targets in rough seas, long range maritime surveillance. Offers range profile, SAR and ISAR classification modes, Synthetic Aperture (SAR) and Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS) imaging for enhanced coastal surveillance, Moving Target Indication (MTI), navigation and weather modes. It has a 256-target track-while-scan capability including IFF tracking. Planar array antenna is vertically polarized and has ‘ultra-low’ sidelobes and is stabilised in azimuth and elevation. Range: 200 NM (large targets up to horizon). IAI Elta Electronics, Israel

EL/M-2022ADescription: Maritime surveillance radar family. Modes: long range surveillance and ASW, navigation and weather, maritime moving target indication, Doppler beam sharpening, SAR, ISAR and range profile classification, beacon interrogation. Features: Low false alarm rate, multi-target track while scan (TWS) of up to 100 targets, expand and freeze, sector/full scan, detection and track accuracies compatible with electro-optical systems, ECCM (low probability of intercept, low sidelobe levels. Interfaces: MIL-STD-1553B, RS-422. Optional features: airborne targets detection, IFF interrogator compatibility, control interface to electro-optical system, integrated radar and optical sensor video display, different video interface standards. Variants: (V)1 detection range (Sea State 3) of 55 nm (small ships), 50 target TWS, power requirement 1 KW, weighs 65-70 kg; (V)2 detection of 1 m2 target in SS3 at 25 nm, small ships at 80 nm, needs 2 KW, weight 89-98 kg; (V)3 1 m2 target in SS3 at 28 nm, small ships at 80 nm, needs 2.3 kW, weighs 95-103 kg. Growth potential: spare memory space and computing power, different video interface standards. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel

EL/M-2022HDescription: Helicopter maritime patrol version of the 2022 family offering the following operating modes: sea mode provides detection of small to large ships with automatic tracking of all detected targets; classification mode performs range signature and inverse SAR (RS & ISAR) imaging with automatic classification to class (ISAR library); imaging mode offers spot-SAR imaging for littoral surveillance (performance depending on platform velocity); air-mode optimises for detection and tracking of airborne targets; nav/weather mode offers Real Beam Mapping (RBM) and 4-colour weather avoidance display. Output power is 2 kW and weight is 75 kg. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel


airborne surveillance and maritime patrol « RADAR

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EL/M-2022UDescription: UAV radar payload and a ground radar operator station that controls the radar’s operation and processes the data sent via the UAV’s data link. Sea mode provides detection of small to large ships with automatic tracking of all detected targets; classification mode provides range signature and Inverse SAR (RS & ISAR) imaging with automatic classification using an ISAR library; imaging mode provides wide area strip-SAR imaging and high-resolution spot-SAR imaging for littoral surveillance; air mode provides for detection and tracking of airborne targets; nav/weather mode provides Real Beam Mapping (RBM) and a 4-colour weather avoidance display. In MALE UAV configuration it weighs 114 Kg and puts out 2300 Watts, while in VTOL UAV configuration it weighs 50Kg and puts out 1,000 watts. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel

EL/M-2055Description: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) all weather Reconnaissance System for Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). Offers: real time generation of SAR Imagery and Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI); long ranges and wide area coverage; high resolution; squint imaging capability for flexible area coverage; flexible mission planning, management and real-time re-tasking; advanced imagery exploitation and efficient image intelligence (IMINT) extraction and reporting; simple integration within existing UAV systems; modular payload configurations. MALE UAV: 66 kg / 1,100 Watts. Tactical UAV: 36 Kg / 700 watts. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel

EL/M-2060PDescription: SAR/GMTI reconnaissance system for combat aircraft with three basic operating modes: strip mode provides fast coverage of very large areas at stand-off ranges plus overall assessment of an entire region with sufficient mapping detail for target detection; spot mode provides detailed examination of a designated area of interest with high resolution for target classification; while in strip/Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) mode, moving targets are highlighted on-top of the strip SAR image. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel

EL/M-2060TDescription: Synthetic Aperture Radar/Ground Moving Target Indication reconnaissance system for transport aircraft offering strip, spot and strip/GMTI modes. Strip mode provides fast coverage of large areas at stand-off ranges and overall assessment of an entire region with sufficient mapping detail for target detection. Spot mode enables detailed examination of a designated area of interest with high resolution for target classification. In strip/GMTI mode, moving targets are highlighted on-top of the strip SAR image. An airborne exploitation station provides two or more on-board operator stations. A ground exploitation station (in a fixed installation, a transportable shelter or a customised configuration) provides user friendly data processing and automatic and/or computer-aided tools for data exploitation and intelligence reporting. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel

EL/M-2075Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Phased-array radar that forms the heart of the Israeli Phalcon AEW system that can be installed in Boeing 707 and other airliner and business jet airframes. Conformal phased array antennas mounted on the fuselage enable simultaneous 360 deg coverage and instantaneous focus on selected targets. Beams can be pointed at any direction in space at any time. A flexible time-space energy management technique allows: selectable surveillance in which the scan rate in selected areas is much higher; optimized detection and tracking of manoeuvering and high value targets by means of a high scan rate and beam shapes optimized for each target; fast track initiation (2 to 4 seconds) without false alarms by means of verification beams sent at newly detected targets; extension of detection range by transmitting extra long dwells in selected sectors. High fault tolerance and redundancy flows from the use of distributed, solid state transmitting and receiving elements. The system continues its operation even if some of the units are faulty. IAI Elta Electronics, Israel

ENR-EUROPEAN NAVAL RADARDescription: X band; Transmitter: TWT type; fully coherent 200 W average power. The advanced capabilities of the ENR enables fulfilment of the whole range of maritime patrol missions with both civilian and military objectives: Maritime patrol, Anti-Surface Warfare (AsuW), Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), Situation awareness (Air/Air, Air/Sea), Maritime surveillance, Border surveillance, Search and rescue, Vessel and submarine snorkel detection and tracking in rough sea, Target classification (ISAR). Galileo Avionica, Italy

ERIEYEFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Long-range Airborne Early Warning & Control (AEW&C) system based on active phased array pulse-Doppler radar. Can be installed in commercial and military aircraft, including regional jet or turboprop airliners. Detects and tracks targets at ranges of up to 450 km over land or water. System includes radar (with integrated SSR/IFF), electronic support measures, communications and data links, comprehensive command-and-control facilities and self- protection system. Range: 450 km. Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden

GAbbIANO State-of-the art, X-band Pulse Doppler Radar, conceived to match a variety of all-weather surveillance missions, both on sea and over ground. In addition to the standard modes A/S Search with TWS and Navigation Aid, this Radar provides the High resolution modes which enable the User to classify the intercepted targets (ISAR) and to identify the fixed targets (SAR). Available in two versions, tailored for different installation requirements: 360° antenna, for UAV platforms, helicopters, and aircrafts (under belly) ± 90° antenna, for light and medium helicopters and aircrafts (nose). Galileo Avionica, Italy

GUKOL 1Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Weather, navigation and terrain avoidance radar for light/business aircraft and helicopters. Range: 600 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

GUKOL 2Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Weather, navigation and terrain avoidance radar for larger passenger aircraft. Range: 400 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia



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GUKOL 3Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Weather, navigation and terrain avoidance radar for ultralights. Range: 250 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

GUKOL 4Frequency: 8 to 10 or 20 to 40 GHz Description: Weather, navigation and terrain avoidance radar for military transport aircraft. Range: 600 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

HECTORDescription: Developmental a multifunction radar for combat helicopters. The Hector radar is capable of detecting air threats (helicopters), including hovering helicopters and low-altitude flying aircraft. It can also be used to detect land targets, to supply target designation (TD) data to the weapon system. Thales Airborne Systems, France

HEW 784-EARLY WARNING RADARDescription: Pulse Doppler surveillance radar designed for the Early Warning version of the EH 101 helicopter for the Italian Navy. Primary mission: Early Warning and Tactical defence against air targets. Galileo Avionica, Italy

HORIZONFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz (I/J band) Description: I-band long range ground surveillance radar. Primary sensor of HORIZON system mounted on Eurocopter AS 532UL Cougar and feeding information to ground station in 5-ton truck via datalink. Resolution: 40 m in range, 2 m/s in velocity. Operating modes: high resolution ground mapping, moving target indication (MTI), fixed echo indication, electronic intelligence (ELINT). Scanning: combined mechanical and electronic, sector width up to 360 deg, any sector axis, rate 2 deg, 4 deg or 8 deg/sec. Coverage: panoramic surveillance of 20,000 km2 in 10 seconds. Continuous or ‘snapshot’ surveillance. Target location, classification and speed measurement while scanning. Classification: three categories; helicopters, wheeled and tracked vehicles, others. Survivability: ultra low sidelobe antenna, frequency agility, ‘snapshot’ mode. Datalink range: 100-150 km. Range: 200 km (clear weather), 150 km (rain and clouds). Thales Airborne Systems, France

HUGHES INTEGRATED SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE (HISAR)Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Border surveillance, remote sensing and maritime patrol radar with ground mapping, synthetic aperture and moving target indication capability. It is related to radars used in the U2 and B2. Strip SAR mode offers 6 m resolution, spot SAR offers 1.8 m. Can detect oil spills. Range: 110km, 50 km (oil spill). Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

IGUANEFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Frequency agile, pulse compression maritime surveillance radar with side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) capability. Missions include ASW, ASuW, SAR environmental monitoring and weather avoidance. Fitted to Atlantique/Atlantique 2 MPAs. Thales Airborne Systems, France

I-MASTERAn advanced lightweight SAR/GMTI radar for tactical UAVs and small fixed/rotary-wing platforms. I-master is capable of wide area, all-weather surveillance, detection, classification and location of fleeting and time-sensitive targets. Thales Airborne Systems, France

KOPYO-21IDescription: Multi-mode radar fitted to Indian MiG-21 Bis UPG strike fighters. Phazotron describes it as a 4th+ generation radar that meets all the requirements of the latest light, multirole combat aircraft. It is the first in a new modular family that includes the Kopyo-25, Kopyo-A and Kopyo-M. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

KOPYO-ADescription: Multi-purpose 360 deg radar intended for helicopters and designed for coastal monitoring, search and detection of sea surface and ground targets, including small targets (boats, cutters, periscopes); Search and detection of air targets; identification and tracking of up to 10 targets; weather mapping and avoidance. Weighs less than 100 kg. Candidate for upgrade of Indian Navy Ka-28s. Range: 250 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

KOPYO-MDescription: Kopyo-M is similar to Kopyo-21I, but thanks to modifications including a new signal processor, its detection range against air targets is 25% longer it generates maps in SAR mode in half the time. Phazotron also claims greater reliability, lower weight and smaller size and offers it for further upgrade of the MiG-21 Bis and similar aircraft. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

KUbDescription: Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) fitted to MiG-25RBK reconaissance/strike aircraft. Country: Russia

KVANTDescription: AEW radar fitted to the Antonov An-71 ‘Madcap’ AWACS. Nautshno-Issledovatelsky Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP) Vega, Russia

L-88(V)3Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Latest variant of a family of radars developed for use in tethered balloons (aerostats) for coastal surveillance. Uses commerical technology to improve performance and reduce weight. The 29 ft radar antenna rotates within a fabric windscreen to provide 360 deg coverage. Range: 370 km. Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics and Surveillance Systems, USA

LOCKHEED MARTIN ADVANCED IMAGING RADAR SYSTEMDescription: Synthetic aperture Radar developed from the ASARS-1 sensor used in SR-71. Offers swath, fixed- or moving target indication and navigation modes. Range: 185 km. Lockheed Martin, USA

LYNX SARFrequency: 16.7 GHz (variable between 15.2 and 18.2 GHz) Description: Lightweight synthetic aperture radar designed for UAVs such as Predator as well as manned aircraft. From an altitude of 25,000 feet, Lynx can produce one-foot resolution imagery at distances of up to 55 km. At a resolution of four inches, the radar can make images of scenes which are 25 km away (about 16 miles) even through clouds and light rain. Detects very small changes in a scene using coherent change detection. Can detect moving targets. Range: 85 km. General Atomics/Sandia National Laboratories, USA


MM/APS-784Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz (X band) Description: Pulse Doppler surface search radar for the Italian Navy’s EH101. Eliradar is a consortium of FIAR and Officine Galileo. Designed to detect very small objects such as submarine periscopes despite heavy sea clutter, rain and electronic countermeasures. Modes: anti-surface vessel (including missile launch assistance), anti-submarine warfare (periscope detection), weather avoidance, navigation. Antenna: parabolic with 360 deg scan and sector scan, 1.8 m diameter radome. Transmitter: coherent travelling wave tube type. Features: pulse compression, pulse-to-pulse frequency agility, adaptive, multiple target track-while-scan strategies, scan-to-scan integration. Display: can feed digital multi-function displays. Two separate scan converters for video displays, different formats and orientations can be presented on each, integrated IFF. Modules: fits into the aircraft as four separate line replaceable units. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B, multiple video outputs in standard format. Eliradar Consortium, Italy

MULTI-ROLE ELECTRONICALLY SCANNED ARRAY (MESA)Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Phased array radar fitted to Boeing’s 737 Airborne Early Warning and Control aircraft. Long rectangular antenna is mounted longitudinally above the fuselage. Detects airborne and maritime targets simultaneously. Electronically scans through 360 deg in under 10 sec. IFF is integrated and phased array technology allows electronic beam steering and interleaved multi-mode operation. Range: 370 km, 555 km (IFF). Northrop Grumman, USA

ObZORDescription: Nose-mounted targeting radar for Tupulev Tu-95/Tu-142 Bear and Tu-160 Blackjack cruise missile carriers. Leninets Holding Company, Russia

OCEAN MASTERDescription: Sea surveillance radar for detection of all types of targets (including small ones) in all sea states. Track while scan: 32 targets. Classification modes: range profile: Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) optional. Weather avoidance: colour display of cloud iso-contours. Map mode: high range resolution ground mapping. Display: colour TV display, tactical situation, range scales up to 240 nm. Weight: less than 100 kg including human-machine interface. Maintenance: Built in test (no test bench). Status: In production. Sold to French Navy and to export customers. Ocean Master is the basis for the European Navy Radar (ENR) for NH90 is being developed by FIAR, Thales and EADS. Thales Airborne Systems, France

ORb 32Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Modular family of maritime surveillance and fire control radars intended for EEZ protection, ASW, ASuW, and SAR missions. Modes include search, missile fire control, navigation and weather avoidance. Paraboloid antenna is stabilised in pitch and roll and to true motion or azimuth. Scan modes include 360 deg at 80 rpm or selectable sector scans. ORB 3203 and 3214 versions are optimised for ASW, ORB 3202 and 3212 are optimised for reconnaissance and target designation. ORB 3201 and 3211 are smaller, simpler versions optimised for SAR, EEZ protection and surface search. Thales Airborne Systems, France

ORb 37Frequency: 9.375 GHz Description: Weather and ground mapping radar developed for French C-160 Transall transport aircraft. Can interrogate SAR beacons. Features slotted flat-plate antenna. Thales Airborne Systems, France

PICOSARFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Low cost, all weather, Lightweight surveillance sensor suitable for Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as well as both fixed wing and rotary wing manned platforms. The system has been designed to deliver a high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging capability. Modes: Strip SAR; Spotlight SAR; GMTI. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

PNA-DFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Nav/attack radar for Tu-22M3 ‘Backfire C’ and Tu-95K22 ‘Bear G’ bombers. Reported to have doppler beam sharpening and terrain avoidance modes. Leninets Holding Company, Russia

RAPHAEL THFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: New tactical UAV radar combining Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) capability. Weighing 30kg, it is aimed at a wide range of unmanned air vehicles (UAV), helicopters, small fixed wing aircraft and tilt rotor platforms. It is designed to fit existing EO payload mountings. On air vehicles able to carry just one payload, this unique feature enables the sensor to be exchanged within a few minutes. With GMTI capability it can detect both vehicle and infantry movements at ranges up to 20km. Very low speed targets can be detected through the use of multi-channel processing. Offers 360 deg coverage from a stabilised antenna. Thales Airborne Systems, France

RDR-1400CWeather, search, navigation, beacon tracking; oil slick detection; Frequency: I-band. Antenna: planar antenna in 4 different sizes; sector scan 60 and 120 degrees; scan rate 28 deg/sec. PW: 0.5 and 2.35 microseconds. Power: 10 KW peak. Modes: weather, precise groundmapping (2 modes); navigation; beacon navigation and tracking; search; oil slick detection. Features: good surface clutter rejection allowing detection of small boat and other SAR type targets down to a minimum range of 300 m. Display: colour or monochrome; EFIS. Range: 240 nm maximum. Weight: RDR 1400C-106 model 34.1 lb. Installations: 8,000 platforms; Cougar, Super Puma, HH/MH-60, SH-3, Mi-7/8, LOH, EC-155, AB-212, AB-412, EH-101 Cormorant, MBB-105, CN-235, C-295, C-130, Co-228, Oryx, C-47, S-61; Status: -106 in production. Telephonics, USA

» Monitoring air contacts aboard the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Harry S Truman. (us navy)



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RDR-1500b/RDR 1700Land and sea surveillance radar; optimised for medium to low altitudes. Frequency: I band. Antenna: Phased array in 3 different sizes; pedestal for 360 deg and 120 sector scan. PRF: 200, 800 or 1,600 Hz; PW: 0.1, 0.5 or 2.35 microseconds. Modes: surface search; terrain mapping; weather avoidance. Range: 160 nm max. Features: RDR1500 B has optional 20-target tracker; LCD colour display; map overlay; FLIR steering and display; RDR 1700 built-in 20-target tracker and all interfaces for glass cockpit integration. The RDR-1700 multi-mode, X-band radar has a flexible design that allows installation in helicopters as well as fixed-wing aircraft for support of search and rescue activities that require detection of small vessels. The system has an integral target tracking capability. Weight: less than 35 kg. Three search modes and 360 deg digital colour scanning. Modules: RDR1500B has antenna/pedestal; transceiver; processor; control unit; 6 in cockpit display; 9 in operator display; new RDR 1700 model has only antenna/pedestal; transceiver; processor. Weight: 75 lb for RDR1500B; 50 lb for RDR 1700. Installations: HH-65 Dolphin, Agusta A-109, AB-412, AS-555N Fennec; An-32, AS-355, Super Puma, Cougar, C-212, F-406, Do-228, P-166, Lynx 100, Sea King SH-3; Status: RDR1500B in full production; RDR 1700 in production 2003; more than 300 operational. Telephonics, USA

RDR-1600Description: Search and Rescue, Weather Avoidance Radar System selected for Danish EH-101s. Designed for operation in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, the RDR-1600 accommodates today’s modern glass configured flight decks and multi-function displays. Utilising the latest mechanical packaging techniques and surface mount technology, the RDR-1600 provides maximum performance with a 25% reduction in weight and power consumption compared with competitors, says the company. Offers a minimum detection range of 450 feet for precision approach landings, ‘half that of current industry standards’. Telephonics, USA

RDR-1700b ARGOS RADARAn evolutionary development of the widely deployed RDR-1500B, infused with new capabilities from the RDR-1700 and APS 143C(V)3 systems. The RDR-1700B is a 1 kW X-Band, airborne, coherent, search radar providing manned or unmanned, fixed- or rotary-wing aircraft with the ability to search for, detect, and track targets while performing over water surveillance. It provides surface search, real beam mapping, weather avoidance and Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) beacon detection using advanced radar techniques including digital waveform generation, digital-pulse compression, frequency agility over the entire band, Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) processing, and scan to scan integration. The basic radar can be enhanced to include the following optional growth modes: Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), strip-map SAR and spotlight SAR. Control of the RDR- 1700B is via Telephonics’ self-contained Tactical Display Management System (TDMS) Graphical User Interface (GUI). The RDR-1700B was designed using a COTS, Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect (cPCI) based, open architecture for superior flexibility in adapting to specific platform and mission. Telephonics, USA

SARISDescription: Synthetic aperture radars for helicopters, UAVs, business jets and fighter aircraft. Designed to provide real-time submetric class images. ‘When used jointly with image analysis tools, SARIS detects and classifies all surface targets,’ claims Thales. Thales Airborne Systems, France

SEA DRAGONFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Maritime patrol radar with SAR/Inverse SAR capability that forms the heart of the Sea Dragon mission suite designed and integrated as an upgrade to Indial Ilyushin Il-38 May maritime patrol aircraft. Leninets Holding Company, Russia

SEA VUEDescription: Family of maritime surveillance radars. Frequency: 9.4 GHz to 9.8 GHz. Features: SeaVizon, a combination of parameters and signal processing designed for superior target detection in all sea states. Adaptive aperture ISAR for imaging from zero to very high sea states. Performance: Typical detection ranges in sea state 3: Man in life raft 30 nm, Patrol boat 95 nm, Tanker 230 nm. Modes: Small target detection, surface surveillance, navigation and mapping, Weather avoidance, ISAR with Range Profiling, SAR. Display: Colour or monochrome flat panel, PPI and B-scan presentations, multiple high resolution video formats, ISAR image, range profiling (A-scan) presentation in addition to ISAR images, SAR map. Full coherent operation for ISAR, SAR and Moving Target Detection. Transmitter: Coherent, solid state, grid modulator TWT Power: 8kW, 15 kW, or 50 kW peak. Antenna: stabilised, parabolic or flat plate, 360-degree scan at 6 RPM, 60 RPM or 120 RPM. Has sector and searchlight capability, integral IFF. Receiver-Exciter-Synchronizer-Processor (RESP): Linear FM pulse compression, Digital pulse compression, Sensitivity Time Control (STC), Automatic Gain Control (AGC). Line replaceable units: Antenna 23 kg, Transmitter 30 kg, RESP 37 kg. Standard Interfaces: ARINC 429, RS-232, RS-422, MIL-STD-1553, RS-170 Video, RS-343 Video, STANAG 33508. Available Enhancements include: Moving Target Discriminator, ISAR Classification Aids, Digital map coastline overlay, Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS), Coherent look-down air target detection and tracking. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

SEARCHWATER 2000AEWDescription: Heliborne Airborne Early Warning (AEW) radar selected for upgrade of UK Royal Navy’s AEW Sea King fleet to AEW Mk7 standard. Operational roles: warning against low level attack; intercept direction of fighter aircraft; is a highly mobile gap filler; autonomous secure air defence command and control unit; maritime surveillance system offering detection of very small targets, even periscopes, in high sea states; over-the-horizon targeting, search and rescue and coastal surveillance. Modes: air-to-air (look-up and look-down), moving target indicator (MTI), maritime surveillance (ASW and ASuW) in littoral or open water, navigation and ground mapping, target classification, weather, beacon homing. Features: Pulse Doppler/pulse envelope interlacing. Can discriminate between high velocity airborne targets and lower velocity land and sea targets, and can detect small targets in sub-land and sea clutter. Integrated Mk XII IFF, INS/GPS, Link 16. Operator facilities: large, high res flatpanel colour displays and interactive control panels. Highly modular and can be fitted to a wide range of fixed and rotary wing aircraft. Thales Airborne Systems, France


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SEARCHWATER 2000MRDescription: Multi-mode, coherent pulse Doppler and pulse compression maritime surveillance radar with digital processing and adaptive threshold control. Operational roles and modes: ASW and ASuW in littoral or open water, air-to-air (look up and look down), moving target indication (MTI), navigation and ground mapping, weather, beacon homing, target classification (range profile, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, spotlight SAR). Frequency: range: X band. Transmitter: 8 kW typical peak power, allows multiple pulse durations and pulse repetition frequencies. Antenna: planar or reflector with 360 deg scan capability, vertically or horizontally polarised. Cooling medium: Ambient air. Power consumption: 2.5 kVA typical. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553, RS422, ARINC 429 or user defined. Weight: less than 100 kg. Features: low weight, low cost, track-while-scan of more than 100 targets, detects small targets in high sea states, littoral and open water processing, ISAR/SAR classification of targets, low probability of intercept. Can be supplied as stand alone or as complete mission system with IFF, ESM, Datalink, FLIR and INS. EPS etc., compatible with all fire and forget missiles. Thales Airborne Systems, France

SEASPRAY 7000 AND 7500Frequency: 9 to 10 GHz (X Band) Description: A range of Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) multi-mode surveillance radars for helicopter and fixed wing surveillance platforms. The radars combine a state of the art AESA scanner with a Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) processor, offering leading edge air-to-air, air-to-sea and air-to-ground capabilities. Seaspray 7000E is being supplied for the UK Royal Navy Surface Combatant Maritime Rotorcraft (SCMR) variant of the Future Lynx and Seaspray 7500E is being supplied for the US Coast Guard HC-130H Hercules patrol aircraft. Modes include Surveillance, Navigation, Weather, Transponder, ISAR, SAR, GMTI, MTI, TWS and integrated AIS. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

SHMEL MDescription: AEW radar fitted to the Beriev A50 Mainstay AWACS, mounted in a 9 m diameter dome above the fuselage. Range: 230 km (fighter sized target), 400 km (ships). Nautshno-Issledovatelsky Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP) Vega, Russia

SHTYKDescription: Side Looking Airbore Radar (SLAR) fitted to Sukhoi Su-24MR maritime reconnaissance aircraft. Nautshno-Issledovatelsky Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP) Vega, Russia

SMALL TACTICAL SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (STACSAR)Frequency: 17 GHz Description: SAR developed for use in UAVs or small manned aircraft. Range: 10 km. Lockheed Martin, USA

SUPER SEARCHERFrequency: X-band Description: Maritime surveillance radar. Modes: Surveillance, weather, ground mapping. Antenna: Planar and paraboloid reflector types are available. Can be selected to fit existing radomes. 360 deg operation with operator selectable sector scanning and sector blanking. Transmitter: four pulse repetition frequencies, three pulse widths, frequency agile, X-band transponder optional, combined transmitter and receiver. Displays: 625/525 line standard raster scan. Display scales: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256 mm. Monitors 14, 12, 10 or 8 inch colour, or 10 or 7 inch monochrome. Flat panel 16-20 in option. Weight: less than 85 kg typical. Power: 1.4 kVA typical. Cooling: ambient air via integral fans. BIT: comprehensive built-in-test. Missile compatibility: All fire-and-forget missiles, eg Exocet, Sea Eagle and Penguin. Thales Airborne Systems, France

TRISARFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Real-time, high resolution, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) designed to meet land and maritime surveillance requirements. Configurations are available for fixed wing aircraft, helicopters and UAVs. Its three imaging modes are: strip-map, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) and spotlight SAR. Missions include: maritime and harbour surveillance, ice surveillance, fisheries patrol, economic zone enforcement, border surveillance, search and rescue, environmental surveillance (such as oil slick detection) and battle damage assessment. Array Systems Computing Inc, Canada

VARANFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Multimode maritime pulse compression radar, a member of the Iguane family designed for ASuW, ASW, Search And Rescue (SAR) and environmental protection missions. Modes include search, missile fire control (OTHT for ship-launched missiles), navigation and weather avoidance. Antenna is paraboloid in shape. Low peak power output coupled with a very sensitive receiver give a low probability of intercept, combined with frequency agility it provides good ECM resistance. There are several selectable pulse repetition frequencies and pulse widths. Synthetic aperture Radar and Side Looking Airborne Radar modes are optional. Range: 55 km (snorkel), 110 km (fast patrol boat) 240 km (cargo vessel) – all figures assume sea state 3 to 4. Thales Airborne Systems, France

VIRAZHDescription: Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) fitted to MiG-25RBV ‘Foxbat B’ reconaissance/strike aircraft. Some sources indicate that the V in MiG-25RBV stands for Virazh. Russia

WET EYEFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Maritime ASW/ASuW radar fitted to Illyushin IL-38 and Tupulev Tu-142 maritime patrol and ASW aircraft Leninets Holding Company, Russia


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AIRbORNE FIRE CONTROL

AESAActive Electronically Scanned Array technology demonstrator, aimed at producing phased array equipment to upgrade earlier Swedish radars. Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden

AMSARTechnology development and demonstration programme aimed at providing phased array ‘Active Multirole multifunction Solid-state Active-array Radar’ systems for future French, German and UK combat aircraft. GTDAR, bAE SYSTEMS, Thales Airborne Systems, EADS, France, UK, Germany

AN/APG-63Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Highly flexible, all-weather multimode radar combining long range acquisition and attack capabilities with automatic features to provide the instant information and computations needed during air-to-air and air-to-surface combat. Fitted to the F-15 and operational since 1973. In 1979, it was the first airborne radar to incorporate a software programmable signal processor, allowing quick response to new tactics or to accommodate improved modes and weapons through software reprogramming. Range: 161 km. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-63(V)1Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Reliability/maintainability upgrade to APG-63 including state-of-the-art hardware with significant growth opportunities. As part of a radar retrofit program for the US Air Force, the APG-63(V)1 is being produced to replace outmoded APG-63 radars installed in F-15 C/D. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-63(V)2Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Major radar upgrade for the US Air Force F-15C aircraft, adding an active electronically scanned array (AESA), substantially increasing pilot situational awareness, while enhancing reliability and maintainability. Agile beam provides nearly instantaneous track updates throughout the field of vision, enhanced multi-target tracking capability and elimination of the need for a hydraulic system. It can simultaneously guide multiple AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles to several targets widely spaced in azimuth, elevation, or range. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-65Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode radar for air-to-air and air-to-surface missions, features programmable digital computers. For air-to-air operations, it offers ‘clean scope’, look-down/shoot-down capabilities, search, track and automatic acquisition modes such as high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) velocity search, high/medium PRF range-while-search, single target track, and a track-while-scan mode that tracks 10 targets simultaneously and displays eight. Air-to-surface operations, it provides Doppler beam sharpened sector and patch mapping, medium range synthetic aperture radar, “real beam” ground mapping modes, fixed and moving ground target track, air-to-surface ranging, terrain avoidance, precision velocity update, and a sea surface search mode with clutter suppression. Fitted to F/A-18 Hornet, F-4 Phantom, AV-8B Harrier II Plus. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-66Frequency: 6 to 10 GHz Description: Coherent pulse-Doppler fire control radar originally developed for the F-16, now adapted to platforms including Hawk 200, T-39N, Skyhawk, PBN Defender and aerostats. Compatible with radar guided missiles including Sparrow, AMRAAM, MICA, Skyflash, Penguin plus IR guided Sidewinder. Features a mechanically scanned slotted flat-plate antenna. Range: 148 km. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-67Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode radar providing situational awareness and fire control. Long-range detection and tracking allow manoeuvring to gain tactical advantage. Integrated and tested with BVR missiles (semi-active and data link). lock-on and tracking are reliable track during ‘high g’ manoeuvres. Coherent pulse-Doppler picks targets out of ground and sea clutter. Distraction due to false alarms is minimized. Fourth-generation design takes advantage of 21st century signal processing with a compact transmitter, processor and antenna using less than 1.9 cu. ft./0.054 cu.m. Offers high-resolution SAR imaging, ECCM capabilities, monopulse tracking, guard channel with full two channel processing, pulse compression, CFAR processing, 10-target track-while-scan. Range: 75 km (fighter sized target). Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics & Surveillance Systems-Radar Systems, USA

AN/APG-68Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode radar with planar array antenna fitted to F-16 variants from Block 25 C/D models on. Allows BVR engagements with AMRAAM missile. AN/APG-68(V)9 is the variant fitted to Block 50/52 aircraft. Air-to-air modes include track-while-scan of up to 10 targets, range-while-search, velocity search, raid resolution, uplook search, ‘situation awareness’ mode and an automatic aquisition air combat mode. Air-to-ground modes include real beam mapping, Doppler beam sharpening, freeze frame, maritime search, ground moving/fixed target indication and tracking, ranging and beacon homing. The (V)9 variant provides a 33% improvement in air-to-air detection range over earlier versions of the radar and introduces synthetic aperture radar, which allows high-resolution ground mapping for 24-hour, all-weather precision strike capability. The combination of new technology with open-systems architecture also reduces total ownership cost of the radar. Range: 296 km (search). Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-70Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: A multimode radar with air-to-air and air-to-surface capabilities. As an upgrade of the APG-63, the APG-70 was designed for greater reliability and easier maintenance. Gate array technology enables the APG-70 to incorporate modes not available in earlier radars while providing greatly enhanced operational capabilities in other modes. The APG-70 is employed on late model F-15C, D, and E aircraft and on the F-15I and the F15S. Range: 185 km. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA


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AN/APG-71Frequency: 8 to 12 Ghz Description: Digitized upgrade of the Northrop Grumman F-14A/B’s AWG-9 radar, for the F-14D, said to double its range. Programmable processors and digital displays are included along with upgraded electronic counter coutnermeasures (ECCM). Major changes were made in the signal processor, data processor, digital display, central processor, receivers, and antenna configuration. Range: 213 km. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-73Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Coherent, multimode, multiwaveform search-and-track sensor that uses programmable digital processors to provide the features and flexibility needed for both air-to-air and air-to-surface missions. Its motion sensing subsystem with reconnaissance software, a stretch waveform generator module, and a special test equipment instrumentation and reconnaissance module enable the F/A-18 to make high resolution radar ground maps comparable with those of the F-15E and the U-2 and perform precision strike missions using advanced image correlation algorithms, says Raytheon. It is an upgrade of the APG-65 that provides higher throughputs, greater memory capacity, improved reliability, and easier maintenance. Reprogrammable, it responds to new threats and accommodates future modes and weapons through software rather than hardware changes. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-76Description: Multimode radar system developed as an upgrade for the Israeli F-4 Phantom 2000 programme. Features a mechanically scanned flat-plate antenna. Air-to-air modes include look-up/look-down, air combat and beacon modes. Air-to-ground modes include real beam mapping, doppler beam sharpening, SAR/GMTI and beacon tracking. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-77Description: Low probability of intercept (LPI) fire control radar for the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter. It is designed to provide F/A-22 with unprecedented capability in air-to-air combat, allowing the pilot to track and shoot at multiple threat aircraft before the adversary’s radar detects the F/A-22. The antenna is an active, electronically-scanned antenna (AESA) featuring a separate transmitter and receiver for each of the radiating elements to provide the agility, low radar cross section and wide bandwidth needed. Solid-state technology and elimination of mechanical moving parts promise to leap ahead of current standards for reliability and field repairability. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems lead contractor, USA

AN/APG-78 LONGbOWFrequency: 94 GHz Wavelength: Millimetre wave Description: Millimetre wave, LPI fire control radar for AH-64D Longbow Apache attack helicopter. Survivability: A seven-fold improvement over AH-64A. Automatically detects, prioritises and classifies the highest priority targets. Reduces exposure (inside threat timelines). Is effective against ground and air targets. Has selectable automatic prioritisation. Passively locates and attacks emitters (with radar frequency interferometer). Lethality: Four-fold improvement in lethality. Cues fire-and-forget MMW Longbow Hellfire missile (AGM-114L). Improves rate of fire. Places more effective fire on targets at maximum range of 8 km. Combined arms: Provides target

cueing information by digital means to combined arms team. Increases combined arms kills. Attack zones and no fire zones automatically displayed. Lockheed Martin Missiles And Fire Control, USA

AN/APG-79Description: Agile beam radar with solid-state, digital array that scans at nearly the speed of light, enabling detection and tracking of multiple air and ground threats simultaneously. Offers increased range and resolution to boost lethality and survivability. Built-in resource manager lightens aircrew workload. Agile beam forming (permits thousands of beam positions per second). Multiple radar modes, include: real beam mapping, synthetic aperture radar, air-to-air search, air-to-air track, passive mode, sea surface search, ground moving target indication, near-simultaneous multi-target and multi-missile tracking, interleaved radar modes, including air-to-air and air-to-ground. Supports independent dual cockpit operation. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-80Description: Agile beam radar with Active Electronically Scanned Array antenna fitted to F-16 Block 60 aircraft built for the United Arab Emirates. Shares basic technology with APG-81 for F-35 JSF and APG-77 for F22 Raptor. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APG-81 AESADescription: The Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) multi-function radar for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter will incorporate the agile beam steering capabilities developed for the F-22’s APG-77. The Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) multi-function radar for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter will incorporate the agile beam steering capabilities developed for the F-22’s APG-77. ‘Unmatched’ multi-mode capability of the radar will support air-to-air, air-to-surface and electronic warfare missions, the latter thanks to a radio frequency subsystem integrated with the main radar array. It will provide the pilot with precision all-weather targeting and advanced air-to-ground automatic target cueing, says Northrop Grumman. Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APQ-126(V)Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control and navigation radar fitted to A-7D/E strike aircraft. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/APQ-153Frequency: I Band Description: Fire control radar fitted to Northrop Grumman F-5E/F lightweight fighter/advanced trainer. Features air-to-air search, target acquisition, illumination for semi active missiles, steering cues to keep target within Sidewinder seeker envelope or guns on target. Range: 37 km (search), 18 km (missile lock). DRS Sustainment Systems Inc, USA

AN/APQ-157Frequency: I Band Description: Version of the above configured to two crew aircraft. Range: 37 km (detection), 18 km (lock on) against fighter. DRS Sustainment Systems Inc, USA



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AN/APQ-159Frequency: I Band Description: Upgrade to APQ-153 offering frequency agility, more reliable components including a new planar array antenna, increased detection and lock-on performance, compatibility with Maverick missile. Range: 74 km (detection), 37 km (lock on) against fighter. DRS Sustainment Systems Inc, USA

AN/AWG-9Description: Airborne Weapon Control System (AWCS) integrated into F-14 fighter interceptors operated by the USN and sold to Iran. Powerful pulse and pulse-Doppler radar has 24 target TWS capability with simultaneous engagement of six. Provides initial target data and mid-course guidance for AIM-54 Phoenix long-range AAMs, target illumination for semi-active AIM-7 Sparrow AAMs, range confirmation for AIM-9 Sidewinders and gunfire control. Integrated with TV camera system for long range target idenfication. Compatible with datalinks including Naval Tactical Data System and Airborne Tactical Data System. Replaced by APG-71. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

CYRANO IV FAMILYFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Family of multi-mode airborne radars fitted to Mirage F1 and -50 fighter aircraft. Offer air-to-air modes including search, automatic tracking, interception and fire control, dogfight modes and home-on-jam, can also be used for terrain avoidance, ground mapping and air-to-surface ranging. Thales Airborne Systems, France

ECR90 CAPTORFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Captor is a third generation coherent multimode radar for high performance combat aircraft and the primary sensor for Eurofighter Typhoon. Detects, identifies, prioritises and engages targets beyond the effective range of the enemy weapon systems, whilst remaining resistant to severe jamming. For long-range air-to-air engagements it uses: adaptive PRF mode scheduling, automatic track-while-scan, automatic target prioritisation, raid assessment, non co-operative target identification and data adaptive scanning. In close range visual combat it uses: automatic acquisition, allowing short-range off-boresight missiles to be fired in a dynamic engagement, single-target tracking, boresight (BST) mode, vertical scanning, HUD field of view scanning, slaving to external demand. In air-to-surface engagement it offers: real beam mapping, sea modes for static and moving ship detection and tracking, ground moving target identification and tracking, high resolution DBS mapping, precision velocity update and air-to-surface ranging. Euroradar Consortium, UK, Germany, Spain, Italy

EL/M-2032Description: Multimode airborne fire control radar. Modular hardware design, software control and flexible avionic interfaces enable installation in F-16, F-5, Mirage, F-4, Mig 21 and other fighters and can be customized. Air-to-air modes enable long-range target detection and tracking for weapon delivery or automatic target acquisition in close combat engagements. Air-to-ground modes include very high-resolution SAR mapping, target detection and tracking over Real Beam Mapping, Doppler Beam Sharpening and SAR maps in addition to ranging. In maritime missions the radar provides long range target detection and tracking, target classification (RS, ISAR). IAI Elta Systems Group, Israel

GRIFO FAMILYDescription: Family of advanced monopulse Doppler radar systems. Modular, multimode, lightweight system, from 80 to 500 W average power, with full Air-to-Air (look up and look down) and air-to-surface capability, including state-of-the-art high resolution mapping modes. Installed onboard several aircraft such as F5, Mirage III, F-7 and L159. Galileo Avionica, Italy

KOMARFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multi-role radar aimed at upgrades of older Russian and Chinese combat aircraft. Air-to-air modes include multiple target tracking, vertical manoeuvre, HUD and boresight modes. Air-to-ground modes include real beam mapping, SAR and Doppler beam sharpening. It can also designate targets for radar guided ASMs and produce fire control solutions for guns and free-fall bombs. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

KOPYOFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode coherent pulse-Doppler radar aimed at MiG-21 upgrade market. Uses a slotted flat-plate antenna and digital signal processing. Air-to-air modes include look-up/down, track-while-scan (eight targets, engage two), vertical search, wide-angle search, HUD search and boresight modes. Air-to-ground modes include real beam mapping, Doppler beam sharpening, SAR, zoom/freeze frame, track-while-scan (four targets), MTI and ranging. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

KOPYO-25Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Podded version of Kopyo-21I designed for the Sukhoi Su-39 aircraft close support/strike aircraft. Provides the aircraft with an advanced radar without major modifications to the airframe. Kopyo-25 may also be offered for Indian MiG-27L upgrades. Antenna is of the slotted, flat plate type. Air-to-ground modes include ground mapping, SAR imaging, moving target indication and sea search. Air-to-air modes include track-while-scan, range-while-search and single-target tracking. Air combat modes include HUD search, slewable search, boresight scan and vertical scan. Range: Up to 57 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

MITSUbISHI AIRbORNE RADARDescription: Fire control radar with phased array antenna for the F2 fighter, which was developed from the F-16. Multimode radar offers air-to-air, air-to-ground and anti-shipping modes. Supports targeting of weapons such as short range and BVR AAMs, guns, ASMs and free fall bombs, for which it can do Continuously Calculated Impact Point (CCIP) calculations. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, japan

MOSKIT 23Description: Multimode radar developed to replace Sapfir in MiG 23. Offers air-to-air modes including: range finding, search and track, tracking-while-scan of eight targets and simultaneous engagment of two, close combat. Offers air-to-to-surface modes including: real beam mapping, Doppler beam sharpening, synthetic aperture radar, moving target detection on land and water. Compatible with R27R(T), RVV-AE and R73 air-to-air missiles (as well as R23T and R24T missiles), Kh-31A missile and KAB500KR guided bombs, unguided rockets, guns and bombs. Range: 90 km (air target), 100 km (ship). Phazotron NIIR, Russia


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N001Description: Mechanically scanned pulse-Doppler fire control radar associated with Su-27, -30 and -33 variants of the Flanker fighter. Features single-target engagement capability. Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia

N011Description: Updated version of N001 for more advanced Flanker variants featuring both air-to-air and air-to-ground (TF, TA and mapping) modes and a slotted flat-plate antenna. Simultaneous tracking of 15 targets and engagement of six are claimed. Range: 100 km (head on), 40 km (tail on) against 3 m2 RCS targets. Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia

N011MFrequency: 1 to 2 and 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode passive phased array radar for advanced Flanker variants including Su-27M, Su-35, Su-30/MKI. Air-to-air and air-to-surface modes are offered. Air-to-surface modes include TF, TA and mapping. Range: 400 km (AWACS), 100 km (head on 2 m2 target), 40 km (tail on 2 m2 target). Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia

N019 SAPFIR-29Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Wavelength: 3 cm Description: Pulse-Doppler fire control radar with look-down/shoot down capability developed for the MiG-29. Dedicated to air-to-air combat, it has three PRF settings: high for closing targets, medium for retreating targets and interleaved high/medium for all-aspect detection. Multiple modes can be used together through time division multiplexing. Antenna is of the twist cassegrain type. Range: 150 km (max displayed), 70 km if target is below 3,000 m. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

OSAFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Lightweight (120 kg) multimode phased array radar able to track and engage multiple targets simultaneously. Sources disagree on the numbers; some give it a 16 target TWS capability with simultaneous engagement of four, other say it can track eight targets and engage four, while yet others say it can detect eight targets, track four, and engage two at the same time. Altitude coverage: 85 km (head on), 40 km (tail on) against 5 m2 RCS target. Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia

PS-05/AFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Advanced, modular multimode fighter radar for the SAAB/BAES JAS-39 Gripen. It offers high-resolution air-to-air and air-to-ground modes, outstanding tracking performance, comprehensive ECCM, high reliability and full support for AMRAAM missiles. For air-to-air operations, it offers long-range search; multiple-target track- while-scan; multiple priority target tracking, single target tracking, raid assessment, AMRAAM mid-course update, close combat search and autoacquisition. Air-to-surface modes include: long-range search and surveillance, surface moving-target indication, priority tracking of multiple ground and sea targets; real-beam mapping, high-resolution mapping using synthetic aperture radar technique (SAR), air-to-ground ranging and velocity vector calculation. Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden

PS-46/AFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Pulse-Doppler multimode radar installed in Sweden’s JA-37 Viggen fighter/interceptors. Antenna is mechanically scanned, signal processing is digital. Incorporates look-down/shoot-down capability, selectable PRF (medium with Doppler filters and signal processing for look-down mode, low for look-up mode). Modes include search, acquisition (via HUD, semi- or fully automatic), TWS, continuous track, continuous wave target illumination for semi-active Sky Flash missiles, ground mapping and surface target ranging. Dogfight mode couples radar to flight controls to aim the gun. Range: Approx 50 km (look-down mode). Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden

RbE2Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: The first multi-function electronic scan radar in production for a combat aircraft (Dassault Rafale). Two-axis electronic scanning permits simultaneous designation of multiple targets to different air-to-air missiles, while the radar continues the search in directions totally independent of the tracked targets. At very low altitude, the RBE2 radar computes a wide area 3D map in order to combine automatic terrain following with terrain avoidance. The RBE2 radar also uses high resolution air-to-ground mapping. An active antenna AESA, which is now in development. RBE2 is operational onboard French Navy Rafales. Thales Airborne Systems, France

RC FAMILYFrequency: 8 to 12 GHZ Description: Compact multimode radars of modular construction aimed at combat aircraft and advanced trainers, developed from the Mirage 2000-5’s RDY radar. Mechanically scanned antenna is a slotted flat-plate type with four dipoles mounted on it, probably serving the IFF interrogator and/or missile datalink. Modes include include automatic prioritisation, lock on and engagement of multiple targets, look-down/shoot-down, look-up/shoot-up in air-to-air combat, ground mapping, doppler beam sharpening and ranging in air-to-ground work, and track-while-scan of two targets plus target calibration in maritime air-to-surface engagements. Range: 102 km (fighter, head on). Thales Airborne Systems, France

RDIFrequency: 8 to 12 GHZ Pulse Repetition Frequency: 100,000 pps Description: Air superiority optimised pulse-Doppler radar installed in Mirage 2000B and C models. Slotted, flat-plate antenna features integrated IFF capability. High PRF gives accurate target speed measurement. Air-to-air modes include all-altitude search, track while scan and continuous tracking/missile guidance. Air-to-ground modes include mapping and ranging. Thales Airborne Systems, France

RDMDescription: Multi-role coherent Doppler radar developed for Mirage 2000B, C and DE models. Has air-to-air capability, but air-to-surface functions are emphasised. Air-to-air modes include all-aspect, all-altitude search and interception. Air-to-surface modes are mapping, terrain avoidance and blind let-down, and maritime search and attack. Thales Airborne Systems, France



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RDYFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Multi-function radar equips the Mirage 2000-5 Mk2, providing air-to-air, air-to-ground and air-to-sea capabilities enabling simultaneous detection and tracking of multi-targets. In air-to-air mode, it can select several targets for MICA missiles equipped with active electromagnetic or passive infrared seekers. In air-to-ground and air-to-sea modes, the radar generates information supplied to the system for firing of conventional or guided weapons. The RDY radar equips all versions of the Mirage 2000-5 already delivered to French and foreign Air Forces. Thales Airborne Systems, France

RP-21 SAPFIRDescription: Air-to-air radar first fitted to MiG-21 fighters in the 1960s (NATO code name Spin Scan). Range: 20 km (16 m2 target). Phazotron NIIR, Russia

RP-22 SAPFIR 21Frequency: 12.88 to 13.2 GHz Description: Upgraded Saphir for late 60s MiG 21 fighters. NATO code name Jay Bird. Range: 30 km (16 m2 taget). Phazotron NIIR, Russia

RP-25 SAPFIR 25Look-down/shoot-down radar for MiG-25PD interceptor of late ‘70s vintage, developed as a replacment for the Foxbat’s original RP-25 that was compromised by Viktor Belenko’s defection to Japan with his MiG-25. Range: 100 km (16 m2 RCS target), 115 km (bomber, look-up mode). Phazotron NIIR, Russia

RP-35Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Multimode digital phased-array coherent radar with Hands-On-Throttle-And- Stick (HOTAS) operation. Reported air-to-air modes include range-while-search (RWS), velocity search, single-target tracking, track-while-scan (TWS) of 24 targets with engagement of four at once, raid assessment, vertical scanning, HUD search, wide-angle search, boresight mode and automatic terrain avoidance. Air-to-surface modes are ground mapping (including real beam), Doppler beam sharpening, SAR, zoom/freeze frame, GMTI, four-target track-while-scan and ranging. Range: 140 km (head on), 65 km (tail on). Phazotron NIIR, Russia

SCIPIO SCP-01Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Multimode radar developed for lightweight combat aircraft. It has been selected by Brazilian Air Force to equip the AMX aircraft, a joint development between Italian and Brazilian industries. Coherent and frequency agile, it offers air-to-air modes including look-down, automatic detection, designation and tracking, plus ground mapping and air to surface ranging. Pulse compression, pulse Doppler and track-while-scan are also offered. Galileo Avionica, Tectelcom, Italy, brazil

SOKOLFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Passive phased array fire control and navigation radar with air-to-air and air to ground modes, initially associated with Sukhoi Su-27 variants. Air-to-air modes include wide-angle search, boresight search, HUD search and vertical scan. Air-to-surface modes include real beam mapping, Doppler beam sharpening, zoom/freeze frame, SAR, track-while-scan (four targets), ranging, GMTI. Range: 180 km (head-on), 80 km (tail-on) against a 3 m2 RCS target. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

SUPER KOMARFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Upgraded version of the above featuring digital signal processing. Air-to-air modes include look-up/down, track-while-scan, range-while-search, vertical manoeuvre and HUD-search and boresight modes. Air-to-ground modes are as for Kopyo plus zoom/freeze frame in mapping, track-while-scan and MTI. Range: 75 km. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

SUPER KOPYOFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Wavelength: 3 cm Description: Upgraded Kopyo with longer detection ranges at all aspects, lighter weight and faster processors. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

SUPER KOPYO PHDescription: Lightweight version of Super Kopyo with a phased array antenna. Air-to-air modes include look-up/down, range-while-scan, single target tracking and air combat manoeuvring. Air-to-ground modes include real beam mapping, Doppler beam sharpening and SAR. Phazotron NIIR, Russia

UAP 13Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control radar fitted to SAAB 35 Draaken interceptors. Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden

VIXEN 500EFrequency: 9 to 10 GHz (X Band) Description: The first in a range of Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) multi-mode Fire Control Radars (FCR) intended for fast jet platforms. The radar combines a state of the art AESA with a Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) processor, offering leading edge air-to-air and air-to-surface capabilities. Modes include Air-to-Air: All aspect TWS, Single target track, and a number of E-Scan Interleaved modes. Air Combat: Slewable scan, Vertical scan, HUD search, and Boresight. Air-to-Surface: Real beam mapping, SAR ground mapping, Sea surveillance, Beacon, Ranging, GMTI, and ISAR. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems

ZASLONFrequency: 9 to 9.5 GHz Description: The first phased array radar to enter service on a fighter aircraft, Zaslon is the primary sensor of the MiG-31 (NATO Foxhound) interceptor. It is capable of detecting and tracking cruise missiles through ground clutter. Said to be able to track 10 targets and engage four at the same time. Antenna is 1.1 m in diameter and weighs 300 kg of total 1,000 kg weight. Range: 300 km against large airborne target, 200 km (bomber), 120 km (fighter) Altitude coverage: Down to 25 m. Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia

ZASLON AFrequency: 9 to 9.5 GHz Description: Upgraded Zaslon variant with a new data processor, giving extended capabilities, longer range and better ECM resistance. Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia

ZASLON AMFrequency: 9 to 9.5 GHz Description: Upgrade to Zaslon’s data processing systems for all in-service MiG-31s. Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia


land-based air defence « RADAR

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ZASLON MFrequency: 9 to 9.5 GHz Description: Further upgrade including the addition of a larger 1.4 m diameter phased array antenna. Performance reported to be 50 to 100 better than the original. Reported to have hit a target 300 km away with an R-37 missile. Tracks 24 targets at once, engages 6. Anti-tactical ballistic missile capability reported. Range: 400 km (20 m2 target). Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Priborostroyeniya (NIIP), Russia

ZHUKDescription: Zhuk, Zhuk-ME, Zhuk-MSE, Zhuk-MSFE constitute a family of radars with slotted flat plate or phased array antennas offering multiple air-to-air and air-to-ground modes. Air-to-air modes include: target acquisition with speed/range measurement in free space and against ground or sea clutter; single/multiple target tracking with simultaneous engagement of several. Close manoeuvre combat modes include vertical scanning, HUD Field of View scanning, wide FoV scanning, fixed-beam and turning beam; detection and engagement of hovering helicopters; recognition of target types and number (raid assessment); targeting, target illumination and radio (datalink) guidance for RVV-AE, R-27R1 (R1E) missiles; targeting for R-73E, R-27T(TE), Kh-29T(TD) missiles. Air-to-surface modes include: real beam mapping, Doppler beam sharpening, ‘focused antenna’ SAR; zoom and freeze frame; multiple target tracking; maritime surveillance; moving target indication and tracking; slant range measurement; platform speed measurement; informational support of low altitude flight (TF/TA); targeting for Kh-31A, Kh-29T(TD) missiles. Range: 100 km (head on), 40 km (tail on). Phazotron NIIR, Russia

LAND-bASED AIR DEFENCE

146-1Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: Mobile surveillance and targeting radar for control of surface-to-air missiles. System consists of antenna/transceiver trailer, electronics van and three 75 kW generator vans. Solid state, phased array antenna, real time processing provide multi-target tracking capability. ECCM techniques include adaptive wideband pulse-to-pulse frequency agility. Set-up/dismantling takes 2 hours. Range: Up to 200 km. Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, China

1L 117Frequency: 3 GHz Wavelength: 10 cm Description: 3D early warning, GCI and ATC radar based on an upgrade of the P-37 system. All electronics are solid-state except for stable coaxial magnetrons and cathode-ray tubes. Twin, angled antennas enable a V-beam technique for the altitude coordinate measuring produces a relatively cheap 3D-radar with accurate altitude measuring, according to manufacturer. Consists of one module containing antenna, transmitters, receivers, IFF and MTI processing equipment, a second with the operator cabin and a third housing the power supplies. Set-up/tear-down take 8 hours. Range: 350 km. Lianozovo Electromechanical Plant (LEMZ) joint Stock Company (jSC), Russia

1L13-3Frequency: 30 to 300 MHz Description: Air-transportable, mobile, long-range, 2D air search radar system carried on three trucks and a trailer. Antenna is of flat, multiple dipole type, mechanically scanned at 10 or 20 rpm. Range: 500 km Altitude coverage: 40,000 m. Russia

1L13-3 NEbO-SVFrequency: 30 to 300 MHz Wavelength: Metric Description: Mobile 2-D VHF band air defence and ATC radar system mounted on URAL-4320 off road Vehicles. Phased array antenna is of folding design and includes antenna rotation and lifting motors. IFF antenna is separate. Metric wavelength and techniques such as repositioning of radiation pattern in elevation claimed to combine with others to give counter-stealth capability. Range: 50 to 330 km depending on altitude for fighter sized target. Altitude coverage: 40,000 m. NITEL jSC, Russia

36D6Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Short-range, mobile 3D surveillance, target acquisition and fire control radar associated with Russian S-300P SAM system. Includes IFF interrogator. Said to be highly effective in detecting low, medium and high altitude targets, moving in wide speed range, including winged missiles with RCS equal to 0.1 m. Capable of tracking 100 targets simultaneously. Range: 46 km (night, 0.1 m2 RCS target flying at 100 m), 175 km (night, 0.1 m2 target flying at 18,000 m). Altitude coverage: 20,000 m. Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute, Russia

39N6E KASTA-2E2Frequency: 300 MHz to 1 GHz Description: Solid-state short-to-medium-range radar claimed to be able to acquire stealthy targets as well as aircraft, hovering helicopters, UAVs and cruise missiles at very low altitudes in heavy clutter and bad weather. Designed to be integrated into military and civil air defence, coast and border control, air traffic and air operations control networks. System consists of hardware truck, antenna truck and mobile power station mounted on off-road vehicle chassis. A remote operator post can be installed up to 300 m away. Range: 5 to 150 km. Altitude coverage: 6,000 m. All-Russian Radio Engineering Institute, Russia

3D RACDescription: 3D alert and coordination radar for use with medium-, short- and very short-range air defence weapon systems. Optimised for detecting low-observable targets and under severe weather, jamming and propagation conditions. Designed for unattended operation in stand-alone or networked configurations with advanced weapon control post integrated in the radar shelter. C130 transportable. Set-up/tear-down in 15 minutes on unprepared site by two people. Range: 100 km. Altitude coverage: 30,000 ft. Thales Air Defence, France

51U6 KASTA-2E1Frequency: 300 MHz to 1 GHz Description: Surveillance radar optimised for detection of small and low-flying targets such as UAVs and cruise missiles as well as helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft in heavy clutter. Range: 5 to 150 km. Altitude coverage: 6,000 m. All-Russian Radio Engineering Institute, Russia


RADAR » land-based air defence

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55G6-1 NEbOFrequency: 30 to 300 MHz Description: Mobile, 3D, long-range surveillance radar capable of detecting targets over a wide range of speeds and altitudes. Large antenna aperture and high power said to provide superior detection of small targets such as cruise missiles and stealth vehicles. Includes autonomous power supply. Set-up time on unprepared site 22 hours. Range: 65 to 400 km depending on target RCS and altitude. Altitude coverage: 75,000 m. NITEL jSC, Russia

55G6-UE NEbO-UFrequency: 30 to 300 MHz Description: Surveillance radar with stated capability against stealthy targets and high resistance to countermeasures and clutter. Range: 70 to 400 km depending on target altitude and RCS. Altitude coverage: 70,000 m. Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute, Russia

55Z6-3/55K6-3Frequency: 30 to 300 MHz Description: Long-range, mobile air surveillance radar with high resistance to countermeasures. Range: 65 to 400 km against fighter-sized targets, depending on altitude. Altitude coverage: 60,000 mz. Nizhniy Novgorod Research Radio Technical Institute, Russia

5N69Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Long range, fixed-site, 3D air-search radar known to NATO as ‘Big Back’ provides range, bearing, altitude and IFF information. Twin parabolic cylinder antennas use electronic scanning. Range: 280 nm (500 km). Russia

67N6E GAMMA-DEFrequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Mobile, air transportable medium-to-long-range air defence and ATC radar said to be capable of detecting and tracking small RCS targets in severe clutter, jamming and weather. Major components are the mechanically rotated phased array antenna; processing, control, display and transmitting equipment; IFF interrogator; electrical power supply; spares kit and measurement equipment. Range: 360 km max Altitude coverage: 60,000 m All-Russian Radio Engineering Institute, Russia

96L6EWavelength: Centimetric Description: Vehicle-mounted surveillance and targeting radar associated with S-300 PMU series and 90Zh6E SAM systems. Features an azimuth-swinging multibeam antenna array providing electronic beam scanning in elevation, outputs automatically to the 30N6E, 30N6E1, 30N6E2 target illumination and target indication radars. Said to be capable of detecting stealthy aircraft. Range: 5 to 300 km Lianozovo Electromechanical Plant (LEMZ) joint Stock Company (jSC), Russia

ADR SYSTEMDescription: Composed of a Vehicle and a Sensor Group on a trailer, the Aselsan ADR system is capable of fast and accurate detection and identification of air targets at low altitude air defense. ASELSAN ADR performs 3-D target detection and tracking at short to medium range, classify the targets as rotary or fixed wing, full coverage in azimuth and electronic scanning in elevation, IFF in middle and low-level altitude ranges, communicating the target report to the command control system, jammer detection. Aselsan

ACQUISITION AND RADAR CONTROL SYSTEM (ARCS)Description: Mobile, radar-based, low-altitude target acquisition and fire control system combining a development of the Raytheon TPQ-36A radar and Kongsberg’s KMC 9000 control console. Kongsberg Gruppen AS Defence Systems, Norway

AN/FPS-108 CObRA DANEFrequency: 1.215-1.400 GHz Description: Very long-range ballistic missile and satellite detection and tracking radar designed for fixed installations. Circular, 35,000 element phased array antenna is 30 m in diameter. System can track 100 objects at the same time. Range: 46,000 km (satellite tracking mode) Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/FPS-115 PAVE PAWSFrequency: 420 to 450 MHz Description: Long-range, fixed-installation radar developed to detect and track submarine launched ballistic missiles and satellites. Features two flat, circular, 2,000 element phased array antennas 30 m in diameter. Range: 4,800 km Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/FPS-117Frequency: 1.215 to 1.4 GHz Description: Medium to long-range air defence, ATC and GCI radar featuring MTI and doppler processing to assist in clutter rejection, and integrated IFF capability. Large, square (7.32 m sides) phased array antenna produces multiple short- and long-range pencil beams. Antenna is scanned electronically in elevation, mechanically in azimuth. Offered in both fixed-site and mobile variants. Range: 5.8 to 288 km Altitude coverage: 30,480 Lockheed Martin, USA

AN/FPS-118Frequency: 5 to 28 MHz (HF) Description: Over-the-horizon-backscatter (OTHB) long-range early warning radar. A bi-static system, the FPS-118 uses multi-element transmit and receive arrays up to 200 km apart and up to 1.1 km wide. OTHB radars use HF frequencies that are reflected by the ionosphere to detect targets beyond the horizon. Range: 800 to 2,880 km Lockheed Martin, USA

AN/FPS-124(V)Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: 2D medium-range surveillance radar designed for unattended operation in fixed sites, tower mounted and protected from weather by a dome. Range: 130 km Altitude coverage: 4.5 km Lockheed Martin, USA

AN/FPS-6Frequency: 2.7 to 2.9 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 300 to 405 pps Description: Nodding height finder mounted on a tower in fixed installations or on a six-truck, three-trailer set up for relocatability. Transmits 3.2 x 0.9 Lockheed Martin, USA

AN/FPS-8Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 360 pps Description: Medium range surveillance, warning and ATC/GCI radar mainly used in fixed installations. Features a large, tower-mounted parabolic reflector. Lockheed Martin, USA



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AN/FPS-88 SURVEILLANCEFrequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Upgrade of the FPS-8 above, with longer range, more advanced signal processing, ECCM and IFF capability. Lockheed Martin, USA

AN/TPS-32Frequency: 2.905 to 3.080 GHz Description: Helicopter-transportable 3D tactical surveillance and GCI radar with large planar array antenna. Features integral IFF system. Azimuth scanning is mechanical, elevation by means of frequency shift. Range: 556 km Altitude coverage: 30.48 km ITT Gilfillan, USA

AN/TPS-43Frequency: 2.9 to 3.1 GHz Description: Mobile tactical 3D surveillance, GCI and fire-control radar. Digital coherent moving target indication, pulse-to-pulse frequency agility, jamming analysis and transmission selection, coded pulses and sidelobe blanking provide strong performance in the face of clutter and countermeasures. Fits into two M35 trucks or one Hercules aircraft. Features a flat-plate antenna. Range: 447 km (fighter-sized target) Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors and Systems Division, USA

AN/TPS-44 ALERT MK 2Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 400, 533, 800 Description: Tactical surveillance radar with ‘modified parabolic’ antenna, solid state electronics, IFF system. Consists of antenna module and separate electronics/operator shelter. Helicopter, truck or C130 transportable. Set up takes four people about 40 minutes. Integral part of US 407L tactical air control system. Target Corporation, USA

AN/TPS-59Frequency: 1.215 to 1.4 GHz Description: Long-range tactical surveillance radar now with capability against tactical ballistic missiles. Solid-state transmitter elements feed large rectangular (9.1 m high x 4.9 m) planar array that generates pencil beams scanned mechanically in azimuth. Antenna is truck- or trailer-mounted with processing electronics and operator console in a separate shelter. TPS-59M variant has smaller antenna for easier mobility. Range: 370 km (TPS-59M) Altitude coverage: 30.5 km. (TPS-59M) Lockheed Martin, USA

AN/TPS-63Frequency: 1.225 to 1.4 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 300, 375, 500, 750 Description: Low altitude tactical air defence and ATC radar with MTI and constant false alarm rate processing capability. Its ECCM capabilities include frequency agility, PRF staggering and pulse coding for clutter rejection. System fits into a single shelter with antenna mounted on top for ease of deployment. Range: Up to 370 km. Currently available with a new solid state transmitter. Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors and Systems Division, USA

AN/TPS-70Frequency: 2.9 to 3.1 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 250 to 275 pps Description: Long-range tactical radar capable of detecting and tracking tactical ballistic missiles and aircraft simultaneously. Flat plate antenna generates multiple beams to scan all ranges and elevations at the same time. Azimuth scanning is mechanical. System consists of antenna and separate electronics and operator shelter. Range: 450 km Altitude coverage: 30.3 km Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors and Systems Division, USA

AN/TPS-71Frequency: 5 to 28 MHz (HF) Description: Relocatable, bistatic over-the-horizon backscatter (OTHB) surveillance radar designed to track both aircraft and surface targets at long range. Transmit and receive sites are separated by 92 to 185 km. Range: 930 to 2,960 km Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/TPS-75Frequency: 2.9 to 3.1 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 235, 250, 275 Description: Deployable, long-range, tactical 3D radar system used as an integral sensor in the US Ground Theater Air Control System (GTACS). Transportable by truck, helicopter or C-130, its main components are the shelter and the large flat-plate Ultra Low Sidelobe Antenna. IFF is integrated. Set up takes nine people 2.5 hours. Range: 240 nm (444 km) Altitude coverage: 95,500 ft Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors and Systems Division, USA

AN/TPS-78Frequency: 2.8 to 3.1 GHz Description: The next generation of the successful AN/TPS-70 radar, it has all the capabilities of its predecessor but is a completely air cooled solid state radar with the additional capabilities of MTD processing and increased tactical mobility using a completely redesigned mobile pallet. Can be configured for aircraft or missile detection Range: 450 km Altitude coverage: 30.3 km Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors and Systems Division, USA

ARGOS 45Frequency: 4 to 8 GHz Description: Truck/shelter-mounted tactical gap-filling air surveillance radar designed to coordinate forward area low altitude air defence systems that defend battalions and selected combat support units which are vulnerable to high speed low level multirole aircraft and attack helicopters. Coordinates MANPADS and AAA. Features integral IFF. An ‘unlimited number’ of autonomous firing units receive the target data through TDRs (Target Data Receivers). Range: 45 km SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy

ARGOS 73Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz Description: Low level mobile air surveillance radar, consisting of a solid-state primary radar and a monopulse secondary surveillance radar. This is a derivative of the AN/TPS 73 radar.Offered in a mobile version for low and very low air defence as well as in a fixed version for coastal applications, is designed to detect and identify targets moving at different speeds (from hovering helicopters to aircraft flying up to MACH 3) and featuring very small radar cross sections, in a clutter and jammed environment, and in saturating attacks using stand-off and smart weapons. Range: 120 km Altitude coverage: 10,000 m SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy

ARSR-4 (AN/FPS-130)Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Unmanned, long-range, 3D air surveillance radar capable of civil ATC and military air defence roles in fixed installations. Includes full secondary surveillance radar/IFF capability. An array of feed horns generates two stacks of elevation beams from the single antenna. Circular polarisation improves detection performance in bad weather. Range: >400 km Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors and Systems Division, USA



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bIG bIRDFrequency: 3 to 4 GHz. Long-range early warning radar associated with SA-10 Grumble and probably other SAM systems. Optimised for detection of low flying attack aircraft and cruise missiles. Big Bird is NATO code name applied to Russian designations 5N64, 5N64S, 64N6, 64N6E and 64N6E1. Back-to-back phased-array antennas are carried on a six-axle all-terrain articulated truck. Range: 260 km against fighter-sized target Measuring Instruments Research Institute (NIIIP), Russia

DARYAL, DARYAL-M, DARYAL UMWavelength: 1.5 to 2m Description: Anti-ballistic missile and spacecraft tracking radar designated Pechora in the west. Features separate phased array antennas for transmission and reception positioned 0.5 to 1.5 km apart. Mints Radio Engineering Institute, Russia

DELTAWavelength: Decimetric Description: Surveillance radar designed for unmanned operation in remote areas against small, low flying targets. Range: 40 to 180 km against fighter type targets depending on altitude. Altitude coverage: 10,000 m Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute, Russia

DESNA-MWavelength: Decimetric Description: Large, long-range, 3D surveillance radar with strong resistance to countermeasures, road and rail transportable. Range: 300 km max against fighter-sized target at 10,000 m altitude Pravdinsk Radio Relay Equipment Plant, Russia

DNEPR AbMFrequency: 150 MHz? Description: Member of a ballistic missile warning/tracking radar evolved from the Dnestr series. NATO code name Hen House was inspired by the shape of the building that supports the antenna array. Range: 1,900 km against target with 1 m2 RCS, up to 5,000 km against larger targets. Mints Radio Engineering Institute, Russia

DON-2NWavelength: Centimetric Description: ABM and space vehicle tracking radar Range: 600 to 1,00 km Altitude coverage: 1,000 km Mints Radio Engineering Institute, Russia

DR 151Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-altitude, point defence and surveillance radar mounted on a single 10-tonne truck. Mechanically scanned antenna is mounted on an 18 m folding mast. Range: 45 km EADS Defence and Communications Systems, International

DR 162Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-altitude, short-range air defence and surveillance radar mounted on a single 10-tonne truck. Mechanically scanned antenna is mounted on an 18 m folding mast. Features frequency diversity. Range: 90 km EADS Defence and Communications Systems, International

DR 172SFrequency: 1.2 to 1.4 GHz Description: 2D short/medium range low altitude air defence radar featuring two-channel frequency diversity and MTI capability, integrated secondary surveillance radar/IFF . Fits into two shelters. Range: 140 km EADS Defence and Communications Systems, International

DR-162 ADV-ERFrequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-altitude, short/medium range air defence and surveillance radar mounted on a single 10-tonne truck. Mechanically scanned antenna is mounted on an 18 m folding mast. Can be operated autonomously or integrated into IADS network. Range: 140 km EADS Defence and Communications Systems, International

DUNAI-3UWavelength: Decimetric Description: Continuous wave ABM and space vehicle tracking radar Range: 4,500 km Long Range Radio Communication Research Insitute Production Complex, Russia

EL/M-2083 ADARFrequency: 390 MHz to 1.55 GHz Description: ADAR is an advanced three dimensional (3D) solid state active phased array L-band radar for ATC and air defence. It simultaneously provides high update rate and long range surveillance by implementing Electronically Steered Multi-Beam techniques (ESMB). Offers ‘exceptional’ clutter and chaff rejection, availability higher than 99%, an MTBCF of more than 1,000 hours plus superior beam adaptation and SW flexibility. ADAR consists of the active array vehicle (antenna vehicle), C2 shelter, IFF, cooling system and power generator. Scan rate is 6 or 12 rpm. Range: (220 nm) against 1 m2 target Altitude coverage: 100,000 ft IAI Elta Electronics Industries, Israel

ESR 220Frequency: L-Band (NATO D-Band) Description: Rapid deployment battlefield local warning radar system. Offers low altitude target detection. Features include: solid-state bulk amplifier, fully coherent architecture, high mobility on all-terrain transporter, full autonomy on single vehicle, air transportability by standard cargo aircraft, integral command centre within armoured shelter, comprehensive ECCM suite, integral generator, combined radar/IFF, and local or remote control and status monitoring. Range: 65 km (RCS=2m², 80% Pd, 10-6 Pfa) RRS a joint venture between Reunert Limited,European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) and Kgorong Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd., South Africa

ESR 360LFrequency: L-Band (NATO D-Band) Description: Rapidly deployable medium range 3D low cover radar. Features include an active antenna housing distributed transmitter and receiver, six beams with simultaneous-lobing, integral track-while-scan capability, a fully coherent architecture, a comprehensive ECCM suite and a o-located or remote operations centre. Range: 200 km (detection), 300 km (instrumented) RRS a joint venture between Reunert Limited,European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) and Kgorong Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd., South Africa

ESR 380Frequency: L-Band (NATO D-Band) Description: Longer- range variant of ESR 360 family Range: 330 km (detection) 450 km (instrumented) RRS a joint venture between Reunert Limited,European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) and Kgorong Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd, South Africa



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FALCON SERIES SURVEILLANCEFrequency: 4 to 6 GHz (G-Band) Wavelength: 5.5 cm Description: 2D surveillance radar designed to detect and track low flying and sea surface targets. Can be operated remotely and configured as a mobile system. Dual-feed, reflector-type, low sidelobe antenna can be raised on a mast. Operator can choose between horizontal and circular polarisation. Range: 100 to 160 km Altitude coverage: Up to 3 km ITT Gilfillan, USA

FLYCATCHERFrequency: I band search I/Ka band tracking Description: All-weather air defence weapon control radar system for point and area defence with AA guns against medium- to very low-level attacks by ECM-protected aircraft. Controls up to three weapons, being either all medium caliber guns or two guns one missile optional (command line-of-sight or semi-active homing): parallax distance upto 1000 m. Container construction, retractable antennas, diesel-driven power supply, microminiaturized solid state electronics. Thermal imaging camera displays selected target to operator. Range: 20 km bharat Electronics Ltd, India

FURGONWavelength: Metric Description: Very large, but mobile air defence early warning radar using 32 x 11 m parabolic antenna. System is contained in seven trailers, with a set-up time of around 62 hours. Range: 280 to 300 km Altitude coverage: 35,000 m Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute and NITEL jSC, Russia

GAMMA-S1EWavelength: Centimetric Description: Long-range, 3D air defence and ATC radar mounted on three trucks, two of which tow equipment trailers. Can be used by rapid deployment forces. Features a phased array antenna with co-located IFF system Minimum set up time quoted as three minutes. Completes one azimuth scan every 10 seconds. Can be remotely controlled from up to 15 km away over a radio link. Range: 10 to 400 km max Altitude coverage: 30,000 m All-Russian Radio Engineering Institute, Russia

GERFAUTFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E/F band = old S band) Description: Radar designed for surveillance, early warning, target acquisition and designation for SHORADS and VSHORADS weapons. They support corps anti-aircraft defence, provide alert to mobile troops, protect vital assets and key points. Altitude coverage: up to 5,000 m. Can be fitted to all battlefield vehicles. Range: 14-30 km Thales Air Defence, France

GIRAFFE AMbFrequency: C-band (NATO G- to H- Band) 4 to 8 GHz Description: Agile Multi-Beam (AMB), 3D radar system with integrated command, control and communications for use in tactical air defence and surveillance systems. The latest in an established family, Giraffe AMB is designed to keep a threat adapted alert status, to optimise air defence reaction time by providing early target information and to optimise air defence efficiency by co-ordination of fire units, that may be of mixed types. Can operate autonomously for point defence and in an area defence as a gap filler. Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden

GRL 600 – INDIAFrequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-level, gap-filling air defence radar system with local area warning and target designation capability. System fits into two trucks and can be set up in 30 minutes. Can track up to 40 targets simultaneously and feed data to 12 weapon systems. Range: 50 km against fighter aircraft bharat Electronics Ltd, India

GRL 610Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-level, gap-filling air defence radar system mounted in three trucks. Radiation pattern from parabolic antenna has flat bottom to avoid ground clutter. Operator can select from 12 transmission frequencies. Offers full tracking capability against manoeuvring targets. Has integral IFF antenna. Range: 90 km against fighter aircraft Altitude coverage: 30 to 1,700 m bharat Electronics Ltd, India

HARD/IMPROVED HARDFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: The Helicopter and Aircraft Radio Detection (HARD) system is a 3D search and acquisition radar specially designed to be a ‘silent radar’ in short range air defense missile systems. Small size and low weight make it easy to integrate in vehicles of all kind. HARD uses a complex search beam pattern and multiple tracking beams, a strategy which contributes to its ‘outstanding’ ECCM and LPI characteristics. The HARD process different channels, MTI for fixed wing targets, HLC for helicopter detection and analysis and a non-MTI channel for increased sensitivity and detection of tangential targets. Range: 8 to 10 km (helicopter), 16 to 20 km (fixed-wing aircraft). Ericsson Microwave Systems, Sweden

HN-401RFrequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Description: Mobile 2D long-range air defence surveillance radar with a 17 x 8 m apperture horizontally polarized planar array antenna. Range: Maximum range reported as 300 km against a 1.5 m2 target. China National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China

HR-3000 (HADR)Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E- to F-Band) Description: 3D, phased array air defence radar designed for national air defense networks as a gap filler, to augment exist capability, or to replace obsolete equipment. Elevation scanning of pencil beam is electronic, azimuth scanning of 4.8 x 6 m antenna is mechanical at 10 to 12 rpm. Range: 320 km (200 nm) against 1 m2 target Altitude coverage: 98,000 ft (30 km) Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

INDRA IIFrequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Low-altitude radar designed for gap filling role in an air defence network. It is a transportable and self-contained system with easy mobility and deployment features. Capable of handling 200 tracks, it is a fully coherent system, uses frequency agility, pulse compression and advanced signal processing techniques such as MTD and CFAR. Track while scan operates in 2D mode. Offers full tracking capabilities against manoeuvering targets. Features integral IFF and can associate with primary targets. Probability of detection is 90% with a single scan. Deployment time is about 60 minutes. The system consists of an antenna, transmitter cabin and display cabin mounted on three separate vehicles. Range: 90 km (for fighter aircraft) Altitude coverage: 35 m to 3,000 m bharat Electronics Ltd, India



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j/FPS-2Description: Phased-array 3D air defence radar for fixed-site applications. Mechanical rotation for azimuth scanning, electronic scanning used in elevation. NEC Corporation, japan

j/FPS-3Description: Long-range 3D phased array air defence radar Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, japan

j/TPS-102Description: Short-range, phased-array mobile air defence radar NEC Corporation, japan

jINDALEE OPERATIONAL RADAR NETWORK (jORN)Frequency: 3 to 30 MHz Description: High frequency Over The Horizon Backscatter (OTHB) radar network with separate transmission and reception sites. Jorn is designed to detect aircraft, ships and ocean wave heights. Range: Up to 3,000 km from transmission sites. RLM Systems, Australia

jLG-43Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz (E/F-band) Description: Mobile nodding height finder transportable in two trucks. Range: 200 km Altitude coverage: 25,000 m China National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China

jLP-40Frequency: 1 to 2 Ghz and 2 to 4 GHz (D and E/F-bands) Description: Tactical ground-controlled interception (GCI) radar derived from Russian Bar Lock system. Distinctive double parabolic antennas (D-band upper, E/F-band lower) mounted on rotating cabin feature vertically stacked feed horns. Range: Range reported as 270 km. China National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China

jY-10FDescription: Family of cabinet mounted data processing systems capable of handling inputs from up to six radars, performing analogue to digital conversion and generating an air picture. East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, China

jY-11Description: Fixed-site or ground mobile solid state low altitude surveillance radar for integrated or stand-alone applications. Features include a dual-frequency antenna and solid state transmitter. Uses pulse compression and constant false alarm rate processing techniques. Range: 180 km East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, China

jY-14Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E to F band) Description: Large, long-range 3D air-surveillance and ground-controlled interception (GCI) radar with frequency agility and diversity, low sidelobe antenna, 1 MW transmission power and low power decoy mode. Covers 20 degrees in elevation. Range: 450 km Altitude coverage: 30,000 m East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, China

jY-27Frequency: 0.2 to 0.3 GHz (A to B band) Description: Long-range surveillance radar with airborne moving target indication and constant false alarm rate processing capabilities. Solid state transmitter offers frequency agility, pulse compression, spectrum filtering. Can be operated unattended. Range: More than 330 km East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, China

jY-8ADescription: 3D targeting and fire control radar for missiles and guns. Consists of antenna and receiver shelter on a trailer, truck-mounted operations and maintenance shelters and tractor unit. Range: 150 km China National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China

jY-9Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz (E band) Description: Air defence surveillance radar designed to detect targets at low altitudes, in clutter and ECM. Antenna, ops shelter and power cart are air transportable. Set-up time 20 minutes. Range: 150 km East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, China

jY-9FFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E to F band) Description: Multi-purpose, low-altitude air defence, fire control and ATC radar mounted in two truck/trailer pairs. Range: More than 150 km East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, China

KAbINA-66Wavelength: Decimetric Description: Long-range detection and guidance radar system with NATO code name Back Net. System includes 2 range detectors and 2 to 4 altitude determination subsystems. Capable of detecting both low- and high-altitude targets, Kabina-66 Back can detect and identify anti-radar missiles and counter their seekers. To antennas rotate at 6 rpm. Range: 380 km against fighter at high altitude Pravdinsk Radio Relay Equipment Plant, Russia

LENAWavelength: Metric Description: Fixed-installation early warning radar featuring 32 x 11 m parabolic antenna. Range: 300 km max against fighter-sized target at 10,000 m altitude Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute and NITEL jSC, Russia

LONG TRACKFrequency: 2 to 3 GHz Description: Mobile, tactical air defence radar mounted on large tracked vehicle. Parabolic reflector features stacked feeds, rotates at 15 rpm. Range: 150 km Altitude coverage: 30,000 m Russia

LOW ALTITUDE AIRCRAFT DETECTION SYSTEM (LAADS)Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 4,160 to 4,840 pps Description: Truck/helicopter/C-130 transportable low altitude air defence radar, C2 and fire control system for short range anti-air systems such as MANPADS and guns. Stowable, parabolic reflector antenna is supported by an extendable mast on a standard US 280 shelter. Range: 60 km (30 km for hovering helicopter) bAE SYSTEMS, USA



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MASTER-AFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E/F band = old S band) Description: Multi-function, 3D radar gap filler radar designed to detect and track highly manoeuvrable aircraft, UAVs and cruise missiles. Operates unattended, stands alone with co-located C2 facility. Transported in three 10-tonne trucks and one 20-tonne trailer. Set-up/tear-down: 90 minutes/8 people. Range: 300 km (surveillance mode), 370 km (tracking mode). Altitude coverage up to 80,000 ft Thales Air Defence, France

MASTER-MFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E/F band = old S band) Description: Long range 3D air defence radar designed for unattended operation, stand-alone transceiver/antenna system with co-located C2 facility. Available in fixed and mobile configurations. Backbone infrastructure integrated in air C2 network. Deploys in three 10-tonne trucks and one 20-tonne trailer. Set-up/tear-down time: 2 hours/8 people. Range: 470 km Altitude coverage: 100,000 ft Thales Air Defence, France

MASTER-M3RFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E/F band = old S band) Description: Fixed or deployable 3D long range air defence and anti-TBM radar with azimuth and elevation electronic scanning. Rotating antenna mode for surveillance and tracking, staring mode for sector scanning (anti-TBM mode). System fits into five 20 ft ISO containers, each weighing less than 8 tonnes. Set-up/tear-down time less than 2 hours. Range: 470 km (air defence mode), 1,000 km (TBM defence mode). Thales Air Defence, France

MASTER-SFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E/F band = old S band) Description: Low-altitude medium-range tactical 3D radar designed to fill gaps in coverage and provide warning against low altitude threats such as cruise missiles, attack helicopters and fighters with advanced terrain avoidance systems. Designed for unattended, stand-alone operation with co-located C2, integrated into air C2 network. Hard to detect and jam. Transportable in two 10-tonne trucks/C-130. Set-up/tear-down on unprepared site: 30 minutes with four people. Range: 150 km Altitude coverage: 30,000 ft Thales Air Defence, France

MASTER-TFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (E/F band = old S band). Tactial 3D long-range radar operable under ‘the worst’ active jamming, chaff and clutter conditions. Mobile in two 10-tonne trucks/C130, designed for unattended, stand-alone operation with co-located C2 facility or integration into air C2. Set-up/tear down in 30 min with four people. Range: 440 km (380 km against small aircraft) Altitude coverage: 100,000 ft Thales Air Defence, France

MMSRFrequency: 3.2 to 3.4 GHz. Description: mobile multi-beam 3D search radar, for target acquisition purposes in medium and short range air defence systems; can be mounted on almost any cross-country vehicle chassis, antenna is automatically levelled, data renewal time 2 s. Range: 40 km RADWAR, Poland

MODEL 17CFrequency: 03. to 1 GHz Description: Mobile early warning radar optimised for detection of medium- and high-altitude air targets. One truck carries large yagi antenna array and operator cabin, second truck provides electrical power. Range: Intermediate China National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China

N-22Frequency: S-band. Description: mobile medium-range 2D surveillance radar for a tactical use; mounted on four-axle truck chassis; reflector antenna elevated on twin arms; deployment time ca. 3 minutes. Range: 100 km. Altitude coverage: 7 km RADWAR, Poland

N-26Frequency: 3.2 to 3.4 GHz. Description: mobile 3D search radar for tactical use; can be easily integrated into an air defence system; N-26 family includes two basic versions: the light-weight N-26B and the armoured N-26C; antenna is elevated on twin arms. Range: 60 km / 100 km (depending on operation mode) Altitude coverage: 10 / 8 km (depending on operation mode) RADWAR, Poland

ObORONA 14Wavelength: Metric Description: Long range, early warning radar derived from Lena family. Mobile on six-unit truck and trailer set. Has separate low and high beams, emphasised by different operating modes. Set-up takes 24 hours. Range: 300 km max against fighter-sized target at 10,000 m altitude Altitude coverage: 45,000 m Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute and NITEL jSC, Russia

ODD GROUP HEIGHT FINDERFrequency: 2 to 3 GHz Description: Height finding radar system featuring large paraboloid antenna Russia

OVER-THE-HORIZON-bACKSCATTERFrequency: 4 to 30 MHz Wavelength: Short wave Description: Very long-range, powerful radar system designed to detect ICBM launches via atmospheric disturbances caused by exhaust plumes. Country: Russia

P-10Frequency: 73 to 93 MHz Description: Mobile early-warning radar, NATO code name Knife Rest, associated with SA-2 Guideline SAM system. Thought to be obsolete. Range: 185 to 280 km Country: Russia

P-12Frequency: 147 to 161 MHz Description: Truck- or trailer-mounted early-warning radar, NATO code name Spoon Rest, associated with SA-2 Guideline and SA-3 Goa SAM systems. Range: 185 to 280 km Country: Russia

P-14Frequency: 150 to 180 MHz Description: Large, long-range early warning radar with NATO code name Tall King inspired by 11 x 30 m antenna Range: 500 to 600 km Altitude coverage: 45,700 m Country: Russia

P-15Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 200 to 700 pps Description: Mobile medium-range warning and target acquisition radar with NATO code name Flat Face. Associated with both SAMS and guns, effective against low-flying targets. Usually mounted on a Zil-157 6x6 truck and trailer combination. Reported set-up time is 10 minutes. Range: 250 km (70 km @ 300 m altitude) Country: Russia



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P-15MFrequency: C-band Description: Mobile medium range warning and target acquisition radar designed to provide low altitude targeting for SAMS. Features a mast-mounted paraboloid antenna. NATO code name is Squat Eye. Range: 128 to 200 km Country: Russia

P-35/37Frequency: Multiple frequencies between 2.695 and 3.125 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 375 pps Description: Mobile, trailer-mounted warning and GCI radar with twin paraboloid antennas, each producing three vertically stacked beams. NATO code name Bar Lock A (P-35), Bar Lock B (P-37). Each of P-35’s antennas has four wave guides, while P-37’s have three. P-37M Bar Lock C has two (upper) and four (lower) wave guides. Range: 200 to 390 km Lianozovo Electromechanical Plant (LEMZ) joint Stock Company (jSC), Russia

PROTIVNIK-GEFrequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Long-range, 3D, surveillance, ATC and GCI radar with large, vertically mounted rectangular antenna array, which is mechanically scanned in azimuth. Range: <400 km Altitude coverage: 50 m to 120 km Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute, Russia

PRV-11Frequency: 2.56 to 2.71 GHz. Mobile height finding radar system featuring nodding paraboloid antenna and rotating cabin mounted on trailer. Range: 180 km Altitude coverage: 32 km Russia

PRV-9Frequency: 6 to 8 GHz Description: Mobile height finding radar system featuring a slim, eliptical nodding antenna. NATO code name Thin Skin. Range: 240 km Altitude coverage: 30 km Country: Russia

PSM 33 MK IIFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Long-range 3-D mobile radar employing electronic scanning in elevation for determing target altitude. It uses mechanical azimuth scanning. System is configured in three vehicles, one each for the antenna, transmitter cabin, and the receiver and processor cabin. Features include: frequency agility, monopulse processing for height estimation, adaptive sensitivity time control, jamming analysis indication, pulse compression, plot filtering/tracking, data remoting and integrated secondary surveillance radar. It has an autonomous display for stand-alone operation, but can be connected to an air defence network. Air transportable, set up takes eight people less than an hour. Range: 440 km (surveillance) 510 km (early warning) bharat Electronics Ltd, India

RAT 31 S/SSFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Based on previous experiences in tactical medium range radars (RAT 31S – RAT 31SC) and on advanced technologies used in long range radars, RAT 31S/SS is the new advanced 3D, highly mobile, fully solid state multi-mission medium range radar for gap-filling, area defence and point defence. Offers full band pulseto-pulse frequency agility from low Peak Power solid state transmitter, high detection performance in all environments utilizing Adaptive Moving Target Indication (AMTI) with anti-clutter/ECCM features, monopulse height measurements. Transportable by C-130 Hercules and CH-47 Chinook helicopter. Set-up takes 15 minutes. Range: Medium SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy

RAT 31DLFrequency: 2-4 GHz Description: High performance transportable L-band (D-NATO band) land based phased array 3D long range radar, fully solid state in antenna radar. Multiple independent and simultaneous narrow pencil beam scanning architecture with monopulse technique for height measurement. Of latest State-of-the-art technology, and classified as NATO Class-1 radar, the RAT 31DL incorporates advanced technical capabilities for counter-measures (ECCM). Designed to operate in a modern and complex environment, the RAT 31DL is able to rapidly adapts to a broad spectrum of changing scenarios where jammers coexist with heavy clutter. The RAT 3DL features Anti-Tactical-Ballistic Missile (ATBM) capabilities as well. Range: >500 km SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy

RAT 31 DL/M 3D DEPLOYAbLE LONG RANGE RADARA tactical Long Range Radar operating in D-band, specifically designed to support the NATO troops in peacekeeping missions. It can be deployed on the battlefield as a front line system to protect and survey territories and assets against all air threats. To perform these tasks in a worldwide tactical environment, RAT 31 DL/M is highly mobile and does not require any special loading/uploading equipment. The whole system is housed in two 20 ft ISO container, mounted on two commercial cross-country trucks for land mobility. This radar is designed for rapid deployment to provide the Corps with the capability to move quickly for regrouping. It is equipped with its own electrical power source and is self-sufficient for a long time. The radar architecture is the worldwide unique Multiple Simultaneous Pencil Beams (MSPB). The multiple beams are electronically and independently steered in elevation both in transmission and reception. This technology allows innovative and dedicated war-fighting solutions against several threat sources such as TBM, ECM and mass raid. The system exceeds NATO requirements for the Deployable AIR Defence Radar. SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy

REZONANS SURVEILLANCEFrequency: Metric Description: Long range radar designed to detect challenging targets such as stealth aircraft, cruise missiles, ballistic missiles and other hypersonic vehicles. Range: 500 km (350 km against fighter-size target at 10,000 m) Altitude coverage: 100 km Long Range Radio Communication Research Insitute Production Complex, Russia

S713/723 MARTELLOFrequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Family of high performance transportable land based long range 3D radars operating in L-band. Fully solid state for high reliability. 713 version’s antenna, transmitter, signal and data processing systems, cooling and air conditioning, and power generation systems all pack into ISO containers for C130 transportability. 723 version features a more advanced large, rectangular planar array antenna with lower vertical and wider horizontal appertures, plus individual transmitters feeding each element to ensure soft degradation in the case of failures. Antenna rotates at 6 rpm. 723 fits into a trailer and a container. Range: 500 km (723A) bAE Systems Insyte



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S743D MARTELLOFrequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Major upgrade of the 723 Martello. Advanced planar phased array antenna, new transmitter provide more bandwith, greater reliability and easier maintenance/support. Signal processor uses massively parallel computing techniques, automatic reconfiguration in case of failures. bAE Systems Insyte

S763-LANZAFrequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: High performance L-band land based long range radar that uses a scanning pencil beam tecchnique. Fully solid state for high reliability. Combines antenna, transmitter and receivers from 743 Martello with signal processor and IFF supplied by Indra of Spain. Range: 470 km Altitude coverage: >30,000 m bAE Systems Insyte

SERIES 320Frequency: 2.9 to 3.1 GHz Description: Family of E/F-Band air defence radars with large planar phased array antennas electronically scanned in elevation and mechanically in azimuth. Available in two versions with either 6.4 x 5.18 or 3.65 x 9.75 m trailer-mounted antennas. They use a high degree of automation. Moving Target Indication helps penetrate ground clutter. Range: 370 or 556 km depending on transmitter power ITT Gilfillan, USA

SILENT SENTRY PASSIVE RADAR DETECTION SYSTEMFrequency: 50 to 800 MHz Description: Passive receiver system that detects and tracks air targets by monitoring reflected FM signals from pre-surveyed radio and TV stations. Lockheed Martin Mission Systems, USA

ST-68UMFrequency: Centimetric Description: Low-altitude, 3D radar designed to detect cruise missiles. Range: 20 km (cruise missile flying at 60 m, heavy ECM). Set up time is 1 to 2 hours depending on whether antenna tower is used. Country: Russia

STRUNA-1Description: Bi-static (separated transmit and receive sites) radar system designed to detect stealthy aircraft and missiles. Altitude coverage: 7 km Nizhegorodsky Radio Engineering Research Institute, Russia

TACTICAL bALLISTIC MISSILE DETECTION RADARDescription: A variant of AN/TPS-70 designed to detect and track tactical ballistic missiles, or switch back to air defence mode. Twin, angled phased array antennas mounted on the back of a truck. Northrop Grumman Electronic Sensors and Systems, USA

TACTICAL CONTROL RADARFrequency: 8.2 to 12.4 GHz Description: Mobile, air transportable, Short-range warning, alerting and cueing radar system with weapon control and other C2 functions. It is designed to minimise mutual interference between air defenders and friendly air space users. Features multiple target handling and engagement capability. It makes local threat evaluation and engagement calculations to assist the commander’s decision making process, and give effective local fire distribution. Mounted in a single vehicle, it takes two people 10 minutes to set up. Range: 40 km (against 4 m2 target) Altitude coverage: 3,000 m bharat Electronics Ltd, India

THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE RADARFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Long-range surveillance and fire control radar for detection, tracking and engagement of theatre ballistic missiles as part of the Theatre High Altitude Air Defence (THAAD) system. Uses a trailer-mounted phased array antenna with an area of 9.2 m2. Range: 1,000 km Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

TRM-L 3DFrequency: 4-6 GHz Description: Short- to medium-range surveilance and target acquisition radar system housed in 6-axle cross country vehicle. Self contained and mobile it includes integrated secondary radar system and operator workstations in one vehicle for rapid deployment and fast set-up/tear-down. Fully-coherent multi-mode phased array suveillance and target acquisition radar system for detecting, tracking small, fast and low-flying aircraft, missiles and hovering helicopters. It can be deployed as a stand-alone radar or can be integrated into air defence networks in coordination with other radars and command control systems. Set-up/tear-down takes two people 10 minutes. Range: 200 km EADS Defence and Communications Systems, International

TRM-SFrequency: 4 to 6 GHz Description: Aerea defence 3D radar system mounted in two 10-tonne trucks, one for the unmanned electronically scanned antenna/transceiver system, the other for the operator shelter. Set-up takes six operators under 30 minutes. IFF integrated into antenna array. Frequency, PRF and polarisation are all agile to maximise ECCM capability and can control a stand-off self-protection decoy. Uses pulse compression to boost range resolution. Range: 200 km EADS Defence and Communications Systems, International

TRS 2052Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Large, fixed-site, tower-mounted early warning radar whose double curved antenna produces high- and low-cover beams. Features integrated IFF antenna. Range: >350 km Thales Air Defence, France

TRS 2053Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Similar to 2052 but with smaller antenna, 2053 is designed as an air defence gap filler or an aircraft recovery radar Thales Air Defence, France

TRS 2054Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Wavelength: 23 cm Description: Long range surveillance radar, tower-mounted for fixed sites. Features a dual beam antenna with reduced sidelobes, good discrimination of small targets in clutter. Can be operated unmanned. Range: 370 km against small aircraft Thales Air Defence, France

TRS 2056Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Movable aircraft recovery radar with smaller antenna than 2053. Thales Air Defence, France



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TRS 2100 TIGER SFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: High-performance, low-altitude surveillance radar with moving target indication capability and pulse compression for clutter rejection. Can be used alone or as a gap filler in an air defence network and is transportable by helicopter.5 x 2.3 m antenna features integral IFF aerial. Range: 110 km Altitude coverage: >6,000 m Thales Air Defence, France

TRS 2105/2106 TIGER GFrequency: 4 to 6 GHz Description: Tactical, low-altitude surveillance, weapon control and C2 radar using frequency agility, pulse compression, MTI, coherent transmission and constant false alarm rate processing to cope with clutter, countermeasures and hostile atmospheric conditions. Cabin, 8 m folding mast and 3 x 1.6 m antenna fit into C-130. Range: Up to 100 km Thales Air Defence, France

TRS 2140Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Intermediate range, low-altitude, 3D surveillance radar for point, area defence or gap filling. Optimised for detection of very manoeuvrable targets including missiles, helicopters and supersonic aircraft in the face of clutter and countermeasures. Range: 145 km Altitude coverage: 30,000 ft Thales Air Defence, France

TRS 2201Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Very powerful (20 MW peak), long-range, 3D air-defence radar for fixed sites as part of integrated air defence system. Range: >460 km Thales Air Defence, France

TRS 2215/2230Frequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Long-range 3D air defence radars for fixed but relocatable (2230) or mobile (2215) applications. Mobile version fits C130/C160. Hight finding is by electronically scanned phased array. Mechanically rotated azimuth antenna is mounted above. Both feature low sidelobes. Clutter/countermeasures resistance techniques include inhibition of jammed frequencies, pseudo-random pulse repetition freuqency generation, automatic clutter processing and MTI filtering. Range: 510 km Altitude coverage: >30,500 m Thales Air Defence, France

TRS 22XXFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Mobile, air transportable, long-range 3D air defence radar with antenna that rotates for azimuth coverage but uses phased array electronic scanning for altitude coverage. Features sophisiticated jamming avoidance techniques such as pulse-to-pulse or burst-to-burst frequency agility, and ECCM strategies such as strobe extraction and least-jammed frequency selection. Range: 470 km Altitude coverage: 100,000 ft Thales Air Defence, France

TYPE 408-CFrequency: 100 to 120 and 150 to 180 MHz Description: Long-range, early warning radar capable of operating on both frequency bands at once and which is frequency agile within both. Can counter asynchronous pulse jamming and repeater pulse jamming. Range: Long China National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China

TYPE 571Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz (D band) Description: 2 D moving target indication radar for low altitude surveillance, features frequency hopping capability. Transported by two trucks, one carrying the antenna and operations cabin, the other the power supply. Array uses two vertically stacked parabaloid antennas. China National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China

TYPE 581Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz (D band) Description: Two-truck transportable tactical air defence radar for medium- to low-altitude surveillance. Features 9.7 m scanner that requires stabilising legs. Range: 190 km China National Electronics Import and Export Corp, China

YLC-4Frequency: 0.3 to 1 GHz (UHF) Description: 2 D long-range surveillance radar with moving target indication capability, height coverage up to 30,000 m, solid-state transmitter and receiver, large, trailer mounted, low sidelobe antenna with stabilising legs. Frequency agile in both pulse-to-pulse and burst-to-burst senses. Range: 410 km Altitude coverage: 30,000 m Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, China

bATTLEFIELD RADARS

1S91Frequency: 4 to 10 GHz Description: Fire control radar system with NATO code name Straight Flush associated with the 3M9 Kub (NATO SA-6 Gainful) SAM. Consists of two independently revolving antennas mounted one above the other on a tracked armoured vehicle. Search and detection, at 4 to 8 GHz, tracking and illumination at around 8 GHz. Command guidance for missile thought to be at lower frequency. Range: 90 km reported Altitude coverage: 10 km Country: Russia

3D RACFrequency: 4 to 8 GHz Description: Truck-mounted, C-130 transportable, multi-mode 3D radar for co-ordinating medium range, short range and very-short range air defense weapon systems. Optimized for detecting low observable targets, it can operate under the most severe weather, jamming and propagation conditions. It detects and classifies modern threats, including helicopters hovering at very low altitude. Planar phased-array antenna is mounted on extendable mast. IFF is integral. Range: 100 km Altitude coverage: 30,000 ft Thales Raytheon Systems, France/USA

64N6EWavelength: centimetric Description: Mobile, 360 deg scanning radar with a two-face phased array antenna, automatic operation. It cues the 83M6E control system associated with the S-300 PMU1 AD missile. It tracks a variety of threats in spite of heavy ECM, identifies detected threats and measures the bearings of hostile jammers. Carrier frequency hopping protects against spot jamming, while a three-path automatic equalizer handles sidelobe barrage jamming. MTI circuits help reject chaff. Set-up/tear-down time reported as 5 minutes. Range: 260 km (fighter-sized target Measuring Instruments Research Institute (NIIIP), Russia


battlefield radars « RADAR

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76N6Description: Search and target acquisition radar (NATO code name Clam Shell) associated with S300PMU and PMU1 (SA-10 Grumble) SAM systems. Features separate transmitting and receiving phases array antennas and is capable of tracking 180 targets simultaneously. It is a shelter/trailer-mounted system towed by a truck, antennas are on folding masts. Set-up/tear-down time is 120 minutes. Range: 90 km (target at 500 m), 120 km (target at 1000 m) Lira Design bureau, Russia

76N6SDescription: Low-altitude search and target acquisition radar for S300PMU missile system, optimised for low RCS targets in ground clutter and heavy ECM. Transporter is a MAZ-543 truck. Range: 90 km (target at 500 m), 120 km (target at 1000 m) Lira Design bureau/Lianozovo Electromechanical Plant (LEMZ) jSC, Russia

7941 MUZZLE VELOCITY RADAR SYSTEMThe system measures a wide variety of field, anti-aircraft and naval artillery shells and provides accurate muzzle velocity data to enhance first round hit probability. The system also calibrates its host weapon on the basis of the measurement of the velocities of multiple rounds. Acquired calibration data can be stored and used in muzzle velocity management. Muzzle Velocity Range: 50-2000 m/s. Aselsan 9KA 500 Mk3Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Coastal defence fire control radar for artillery and missiles, integrated with EO sensors, remotely operated. SAAb Systems, Sweden

9S15MTZWavelength: centimetric Description: 3D target acquisition and tracking radar associated with the S-300V SAM system. It is designed to detect and identify targets including aircraft, tactical ballistic and cruise missiles and feed the information either to the S-300V command post (CP) data processing centres for air defence C3I systems. Large, low-sidelobe planar array antenna is mounted on a tracked armoured vehicle. Range: 100 km (fighter-sized target) Measuring Instruments Research Institute (NIIIP), Russia

9S18M1EWavelength: centimetric Description: Mobile, 3-D, frequency-agile coherent pulse radar designed to detect and identify air threats and feed target data to the Buk-M1E AD missile system and air defence C2 systems over a secure datalink. Electronic beam scanning is used for elevation and mechanical antenna rotation in azimuth. Pulse-to-pulse cancellation circuit minimizes clutter, chaff and cloud returns. Radar is mounted on a GM-567 tracked armoured vehicle. Range: 100 km (fighter-sized target) Measuring Instruments Research Institute (NIIIP), Russia

AbS-1Description: Artillery Ballistic Station: a muzzle-velocity measuring radar for artillery and mortars. Russia

ADAR-1 CHANG bEIDescription: Truck-mounted multifunction, phased-array search, target tracking and fire control radar associated with Taiwan’s Tien Kung (Sky Bow) SAM system. It cues a continuous wave illuminator for missile guidance, enabling multiple target engagements. Range: 500 km Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology (CSIST), Taiwan

AMSTARDescription: Man portable surveillance and target acquisition radar designed for observer and reconnaissance elements of infantry, armour and artillery forces. The radar performance is optimised for operation against targets as widely varying as personnel, vehicles, in-shore vessels and low flying helicopters. Range: Single scan at 9 deg/s. Pedestrian: 11 km, Vehicle: 22 km, Tank: 26 km, helicopter: 21 km, boat: 13 km, vessel: 42 km. Thales Air Defence, Germany

AN/MPQ-53Frequency: 4 to 8 GHz Description: Surveillance, target acquisition and tracking radar for the Patriot SAM system, which is capable of engaging airborne targets including tactical ballistic missiles at all altitudes. Multiple phased array antennas are mounted on a large rectangular carrier, itself mounted on a truck trailer. These arrays carry out the target acquisition and tracking, IFF, missile guidance and sidelobe cancellation functions. Range: 3 to 170 km Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/MPQ-64 SENTINELFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz. Medium range 3D radar for the US Army’s new Short Range Air Defence (SHORAD) system. It is designed for co-ordination of anti-aircraft weapon systems such as Stinger, HAWK or surface launched AMRAAM missiles and as a gap-filler. Phased array antenna and receiver/processor is mounted on a trailer towed by a Humvee. The generator is housed in the back of the Humvee. Narrow beam is phase- and frequency-scanned. Range: 75 km Thales Raytheon Systems, USA

AN/PPQ-2 PSTAR (PORTAbLE SEARCH AND TARGET ACQUISITION RADAR)Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Man-portable, tripod mounted surveillance and target acquisition radar with IFF for the defence of forward deployed units from air attack. Boasts excellent performance despite clutter and ECM. The Pulse-Doppler radar can classify helicopters based on Doppler returns from rotor blades. Range: 20 km Lockheed Martin Ocean, Radar and Sensor Systems, USA

» An Air Force technician performs a periodic maintenance inspection on an AN/TPS-75 air surveillance radar at irkuk Air Base, Iraq. (us air force)


RADAR » battlefield radars

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AN/PPS-5CFrequency: J Band Description: Lightweight, Manportable Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar (MSTAR). Features wide area surveillance, acquisition and audio mode (for target classification) to 42 kilometre range. Clutter map overlay on detections is available as an aid to set-up and determining areas of visibility. Also provides fall of shot mode for adjustment of friendly artillery and mortar fire. Available with rugged PC-based man-machine interface (MMI). System is fully IP addressable for use in an integrated sensor suite. DRS Sustainment Systems Inc, USA

AN/TPQ-36 FIREFINDERDescription: Medium-range weapon locating radar which accurately, rapidly, and automatically locates fire from up to 10 enemy mortars, artillery pieces and rocket launchers in multiple locations, detecting and reporting their positions on the first round. Carried by a vehicle and trailer, it can be positioned and ready for operation in 15 minutes. Range: Mortars: 15 km, artillery: 18 km, rockets: 24 km ThalesRaytheon Systems, USA

AN/TPQ-37 FIREFINDERDescription: Long-range weapon locating radar which accurately, rapidly, and automatically locates simultaneous fire from up to 10 different enemy mortars, artillery and rocket launchers, reporting their positions on the first round in seconds. can be positioned and ready for operation in 30 minutes. Adjusts friendly fire. Range: Maximum 50 km. Effective: mortars 20 km, artillery 30 km, rockets 40 km ThalesRaytheon Systems, USA

AN/TPQ-47 FIREFINDERFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Weapon locating and counter battery radar. Block II upgrade to TPQ-37 increases range, cuts support requirements, adds tactical ballistic missile tracking capability. Transportable by single C-130 sortie or multiple CH-47 Chinook lifts. Range: Maximum 400 km. Effective: mortars 30 km, artillery 60 km, rockets 100 km, tactical ballistic missiles 300 km. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/UPS-3Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Air-droppable Tactical Defense Alert Radar (TDAR) is a short range, 2D radar used for cueing Stinger and Avenger gunners to low-flying aircraft and helicopters beyond visual range. Can be linked into an air defence network by cable or radio. Can be mounted on a pedestal or in a Humvee. Range: 8 to 10 km (helicopters), 20 km (fixed-wing aircraft) bAE SYSTEMS, USA

ARAbELFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz (I/J Band) Description: Multi-function fire control radar capable of detecting, tracking and engaging multiple targets including jet aircraft, cruise missiles and tactical ballistic missiles – can track 100 and engage 10 simultaneously. Includes datalink to send target position updates to Aster 30 missile until its own active radar seeker takes over. Phased-array antenna rotates at 60 rpm, features full electronic scanning with large deflection (+/- 45 deg in elevation and bearing), narrow beam, very low side lobe level. Transmitter is frequency-agile and varies pulse width. Receiver uses advanced doppler, pulse compression, mono-pulse tracking. Range: 50 km (missile, 0.5 m2 RCS), 100 km (jet fighter) Thales Air Defence, France/Italy

ARINEFrequency: 12 to 18 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 5,000 or 5,500 pps Description: Medium medium range portable radar system designed for surveillance and target acquisition.Tripod-mounted, it is optimised for the detection of all types of ground targets – personnel and vehicles – and of low-flying targets such as helicopters, drones or micro-lights. Range: 100 m to 24 km Indra DTD, Spain

ARK-1MFrequency: 6 GHz Wavelength: 5 cm Description: Mortar, artillery and rocket locating and fire control radar. Range: Up to 9 km (artillery location), up to 13 km (mortar location), up to 15 km (artillery fire control), up to 17 km (mortar fire control), up to 30 km (rocket location and fire control), 30 km (TBM location), 40 km (TBM fire control). Rosvoorouzhenie, Russia

ARS2000Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Man-portable, tripod-mounted surveillance and fire adjustment radar designed for detecting, classifying or tracking targets moving on or close to the ground or sea and artillery fire adjustment. Fully solid-state design features a user-friendly operator interface with a B-Scope or PPI display, alarm / friendly zone selection, a digital map overlay, an integrated camera and visual doppler spectrum for target classification. Can be controlled remotely. Range: Up to 40 km (selective range screens)

ARS-2000 GROUND SURVEILLANCE AND ARTILLERY FIRE ADjUSTMENT RADAR An X-band, solid-state, pulse-Doppler radar that uses pulse compression, mono-pulse reception and digital signal processing techniques. System applications include battlefield surveillance and intelligence collection, border surveillance, coastal surveillance, precision artillery fire adjustment, high value facility security. Detection range: max 38 km. (for moving targets on the or close to the ground or sea). Aselsan

ARS2001Description: Man-portable, tripod-mounted surveillance and fire adjustment radar designed for detecting, classifying or tracking targets moving on or close to the ground or sea and artillery fire adjustment. Fully solid-state design features a user friendly operator interface with a B-Scope or PPI display, alarm / friendly zone selection, a digital map overlay, an integrated camera and visual doppler spectrum for target classification. can be controlled remotely. ARS2001 features circular antenna. Range: Up to 40 km (selective range screens)

ARSS-1Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Man-portable, tripod-, shelter- or vehicle-mounted Advanced Radar Surveillance System designed to detect and classify moving targets on the ground or a low altitude and short ranges using coherent Doppler techniques. Can be carried by two personnel and consists of three main parts: antenna unit, tripod and remote control and display unit. Can be deployed in less than 5 minutes. Windows NT operating system makes operation easy and user friendly. Range: Pedestrian 7-10 km, group 10-12 km, light Vehicle 15 km, heavy vehicle 30 km, hovering helicopter 15 km Telephonics/IAI Elta, USA/Israel



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ARTHURDescription: ARTillery HUnting Radar is the weapon-locating element within a counter-battery system at brigade or division level. Capable of detecting, tracking and determining the point of origin of artillery shells, mortar projectiles and rockets. Can also be used to register and correct outgoing fire. Phased array antenna and operator shelter can be mounted on 4 x 4 truck or tracked BV206 armoured vehicle. Range: 20 to 30 km Ericsson Microwave Systems Ab, Sweden

ASKARADFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Man-portable, tripod-mounted new generation ground-surveillance radar system used for surveillance of moving targets and for artillery fire adjustment. ASKARAD combines surveillance, target acquisition and classification, target tracking and artillery fire adjustment functions within one unit. Can also be used as a helicopter homing aid. Range: Vehicle convoy: 30km, heavy vehicle (tank): 25km, helicopters: 20km, light vehicle (jeep): 15km, soldiers: 15km, 155 mm shells burst: 8km

bFSR – MRFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Ground based surveillance and acquisition radar capable of detecting and displaying moving targets including people, vehicles, tanks and low-flying helicopters. It supports artillery units by providing location of shell bursts and by providing fire correction data. Pulse-Doppler radar with parabolic reflector, pulse compression, super-heterodyne receiver. bharat Electronics Ltd, India

bFSR-SRDescription: BattleField Surveillance Radar – Short Range. Man portable, battery powered surveillance and acquisition radar, capable of detecting and displaying a diversity of moving targets such as pedestrians, vehicles, tanks, etc. The radar can be carried in three man packs. Range: (With PD of 0.9) crawling man with 0.05 m2 RCS: 0.5 km, ‘moving’ man with 0.2 m2 RCS : 2 km, moving ‘personnel’ with 4 m2 RCS: 5 km, moving ‘B’ vehicle with 4 m2 RCS: 8 km, moving heavy vehicle with 20 m2 RCS: 10 km, low flying helicopter with 2 m2 RCS: 7 km bharat Electronics Ltd, India

bOR-A 550Frequency: 9.5 GHz Description: Ground, coastal (sea) and low-level air surveillance radar that detects, locates, automatically classifies and tracks moving targets. It has a proven performance at long ranges against small & slow targets such as people and rubber boats. Mechanically-scanned parabolic reflector and receiver/processor are tripod-mounted and linked by cable to a laptop-style control and display unit. Range: Pedestrian 16 km (19 km option), vehicle 33 km (39 km), tank 42 km (50 km), helicopter 31 km (36 km), boat 19 km (22 km), vessel: 60 km (80 km). Thales Air Defence, Germany

CObRALarge, long-range COunter Battery RAdar mounted on four-axle, off-road capable truck. COBRA employs an advanced, fully active, microwave phased array antenna with state-of-the-art digital signal processing. Search and track beams are automatically scheduled and multiple projectiles – both hostile as well as friendly counterfire – are simultaneously detected, verified, classified and tracked. Euro ART (Thales Defence Ltd, Thales Air Defence, EADS Deutschland, Lockheed Martin Government Electronic Systems), UK/France/Germany/USA

CREDOFrequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Two-person-portable, pulse doppler ground surveillance radar optimised for the detection of moving targets such as individuals, groups of people and vehicles. Can be mounted on vehicles or set up on the ground. Trained operator can distinguish target types via audio and visual outputs. Range: 4 km (people) 10 km (armoured vehicle) Kintex, bulgaria

CROTALEFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (surveillance) and 10 to 20 GHz (fire control) Description: Surveillance and fire control radars for the Crotale short-range air defence missile system. Designed to counter fixed and rotary wing aircraft, cruise and tactical ballistic missiles, saturation attacks with stand-off weapons. Pulse Doppler search radar has phased array antenna, rotates at 60rpm. Monopulse Doppler tracking radar features centre-fed dish antenna. Both have advanced ECCM. Tracking system includes thermal imager. Normally installed on two vehicles including: armoured tracked, wheeled or shelter on trailer, one for search radar, one for tracking radar, optics and missiles. Range: 16 km (1 m2 RCS target) Altitude coverage: Up to 4.5 km Thales Air Defence, France

CROTALE NGFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (surveillance) and 10 to 20 GHz (fire control) Description: Surveillance and fire control radars for the Crotale New Generation short-range air defence missile system. Designed to counter fixed and rotary wing aircraft,cruise and tactical ballistic missiles, saturation attacks with stand-off weapons. Pulse Doppler search radar is the Gerfaut solid state device (see below). Monopulse Doppler tracking radar features centre-fed dish antenna. Both have advanced ECCM. Tracking system includes thermal imager. Can be installed on one vehicle: armoured tracked, wheeled or shelter on trailer. Range: 20 km (search), >20 km (tracking) Altitude coverage: 0 to 5 km Thales Air Defence, France

CYMbELINEFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Phased array, mortar locating radar that detects the flight path of a mortar bomb at two points in its trajectory, as it passes through the radar beam, allowing the point of origin to be identified and engaged. Cymbeline has been built in vehicle-mounted and towed configurations. Range: 10 km (81 mm mortar bomb) Thales, UK

DAGGERDescription: ‘Robust and accurate’ surveillance radar designed originally for the new Rapier Field Standard C air defence system now in service with the British Army. AMS (bAE SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint venture), UK/Italy

DN 181 bLINDFIREDescription: Trailer-mounted tracking and fire control radar for Rapier SAM system. Surveillance radar detects target and cues tracking/missile guidance radar which tracks both target and missile, datalink sends steering commands to missile. AMS (bAE SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint venture), UK/Italy



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DOG EARFrequency: 3 to 6 GHz Description: Surveillance and target acquisition radar for 9k35 Strela 10 SAM system. Dog Ear is mounted on an MT-Lbu tracked armoured vehicle Range: 80 km (acquisition), 35 km (tracking) Country: Russia

DR SERIESFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: DR 621, 622, 641 and 645 are pulse-Doppler radars designed for very low-altitude air defence against strike aircraft and helicopters. Features include flat-plate, low-sidelobe antenna and robust ECCM capability. Range: 20 km Siemens, Germany

EAGLEFrequency: 35 GHz Description: LPI fire control radar for the RBS23 BAMSE SAM system. Eagle is mounted on the missile control centre trailer between the two three round launchers and can be raised to 8 m on a mast to see over obstacles. It can track two targets at once and can engage helicopters, UAVs and air-to-surface missiles as well as aircraft. Range: Up to 15 km Ericsson Microwave Systems Ab, Sweden

EDR140Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz. C-130-deployable mobile designation radar designed for use with towed anti-aircraft weapon systems. Antenna rotates at 30/60 rpm, signal processor uses MTI & non-coherent channel, tracks 100 targets simultaneously. ECCM features include frequency agility, random PRF stagger, digital pulse compression, dual pulse, dual frequency transmission, low mean antenna sidelobe level. Antenna is a composite planar array. Range: 50 km (2m², 80% Pd, 10-6 Pfa) RRS, a joint venture between Reunert Limited, EADS and Kgorong Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd, South Africa

EDT-FILAFrequency: 8 to 40 GHz Description: Trailer-mounted fire control radar designed for use with 35-40 mm anti-aircraft guns. Features one 8 to 20 and one 20 to 40 GHz radar, laser rangefinder, IFF, TV camera. Avibras Industria Aerospacial, brazil

EL/M-2080 GREEN PINEDescription: Transportable ground-based, multimode solid state phased array radar designed to autonomously detect and simultaneously track ‘dozens’ of tactical ballistic missiles from long ranges, under all weather and ECM conditions. Modular active array technology includes multiple advanced transmit / receive modules, provides high redundancy, graceful degradation, high reliability and high availability. Part of the Arrow anti-tactical missile system. IAI Elta Systems Group, Israel

EL/M-2106NGDescription: Compact mobile coherent pulse-Doppler, pulse-compression radar for point air defense of deployed mobile military units, protection of sensitive sites, gap filling in main AD radar system, and support to surface-to-air weapon systems, either directly or through a C–3 centre. Offers automatic detection of airborne targets, track-While-Scan of up to 60, threat differentiation and classification. IFF is optional. Weighs less than 150kg including transport boxes. Range: 60km (instrumented), 40km (large/fighter aircraft), 25 km (hovering helicopter) Altitude coverage: 0 – 20,000ft IAI Elta Systems Group, Israel

EL/M-2128NG MINDERDescription: New generation miniature, high resolution radar designed to monitor, automatically detect and warn about intruders and vehicles in a guarded area. Clusters can operate alone or as part of a network along a fence or on poles for example, and operated remotely. No moving parts. Range: 1,000 m (pedestrian), 1,500 m (vehicles) IAI Elta Systems Group, Israel

EL/M-2129Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Coherent pulse compression radar for military, paramilitary and security applications. Automatically detects moving targets, such as people, vehicles, gliders and helicopters. Also supports artillery fire correction by locating shell impacts.Integrated into multi-sensors security systems, as part of Eltass electronic border security system. Graphical user interface is Windows 2000 based. Range: 8KM (Walking Person), 12KM (Heavy Vehicle), 24KM (Helicopter), up to 10 km (155mm artillery shell impact). Range can be increased by adding power, amplifier, larger antenna. IAI Elta Systems Group, Israel

EL/M-2140NGFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Coherent pulse compression radar for military, paramilitary and security applications. Automatically detects moving targets, such as people, vehicles, gliders and helicopters. Also supports artillery fire correction by locating shell impacts.Integrated into multi-sensors security systems, as part of Eltass electronic border security system. Graphical user interface is Windows 2000 based. Range: 14km (walking people), 25km (helicopters), 60 km (heavy vehicles), up to 15 km (artillery shell impact). Range can be increased by adding power, amplifier, larger antenna. IAI Elta Systems Group, Israel

ESR 220Frequency: L-Band (NATO D-Band) Description: Rapid deployment battlefield local warning radar system. Offers low altitude target detection. Features include: solid-state bulk amplifier, fully coherent architecture, high mobility on all-terrain transporter, full autonomy on single vehicle, air transportability by standard cargo aircraft, integral command centre within armoured shelter, comprehensive ECCM suite, integral generator, combined radar/IFF, and local or remote control and status monitoring. Range: 65 km (RCS=2m, 80% Pd, 10-6 Pfa) RRS a joint venture between Reunert Limited, European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) and Kgorong Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd, South Africa

EWACSDescription: Active phased array radar based Early Warning and Control System provides very long range detection of tactical ballistic missiles. One radar provides detection, tracking, high range resolution and SAM battery allocation. Range: 1,500 km AMS (bAE SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint venture), UK/Italy

FALCO/RIOCFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Tracking illumination radar in X-band for semi-active housing missile guidance. AMS (bAE SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint venture), UK/Italy



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FAN SONGFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz (A, B and F versions), 4 to 8 GHz (C, E versions) Pulse Repetition Frequency: 828-1,440 pps (search), 1,656-2,880 pps (track) Description: Tracking and fire control radar associated with V-75 (SA-2 Guideline) SAM. Trailer-mounted with tilting superstructure, the radar has two orthogonal antennas(lewis scanners). The E version has two extra parabolic dishes. Can track six targets simultaneously. Range: 60-120km (A/B versions), 70-145km (D/E/F versions) Russia

FARAFrequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Short-range, one-person- portable radar for detection of people and vehicles. Trained operator can distinguish target types via audio and visual outputs. Range: 0.8 km (people), 3 km (vehicles) Kintex, bulgaria

FLAP WHEELFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Conical scanning fire control radar for 57 and 130 mm anti-aircraft guns, upgraded with LLTV tracker. Country: Russia

FLYCATCHER MK2Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Fire control system for short range air defence guns and missiles. Features 3D radar and IR/TV sensor with laser rangefinder. Range: 25 km Thales Air Defence, Netherlands

GIN SLINGDescription: NATO code name for the target acquisition, tracking and fire control radar associated with China’s HQ-2J missile (itself based on the Russian SA-2 Guideline). Features two trough antennas, one vertical and one horizontal for 3D target tracking and a pair of dish antennas that are probably illuminators or command links operating on different frequencies to guide the semi-active or command-guided missile, plus a TV camera. All are mounted on a cabin that revolves on a four-wheeled trailer. China Precision Machinery Import, Export Corporation, China

GS-11Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Short-range, man-portable ground surveillance radar, tripod-mounted. Also known as PSNR-2, NATO code name is Garpin. Range: 1.5 km (people), 4.5 km (vehicles) Country: Russia

GS-13Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Long-range battlefield surveillance radar. Range: 12 km (people), 25 km (vehicles) Country: Russia

IR-3Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Man-portable ground surveillance radar designed to detect moving targets including personnel and vehicles. Range: 5 km (person), 10 km (vehicle) Yugoimport SDPR, Yugoslavia, Federal Republic

j/MPQ-7Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Motar locating/counter battery radar with phased array antenna capable of generating multiple beams. Antenna and receiver/processor appear to share trailer towed by tracked vehicle incorporating operator shelter. Toshiba Electric Company, japan

jY-17Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Man-portable battlefield radar developed for detection, location and recognition of targets moving on the ground. This solid-state, tripod-mounted system can be operated remotely and feaures a high degree of automation and advanced signal processing techniques. Antenna is of the flat plate type. East China Research Institute of Electrical Engineering, China

jY-17AFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Radar designed for detection, location and identification of moving targets on the ground or water surface and of aircraft at low altitude. It is a solid-state, coherent pulse-Doppler system that uses pulse compression and both linear and circular polarisation. Can be mounted on vehicles or sited independently. Range: 30 km (ship), 25 km (large armoured vehicle), 20 km (helicopter), 15 km (small vehicle), 10 km (personnel). East China Research Institute of Electrical Engineering, China

LOW bLOWFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Trailer-mounted fire control radar associated with S-125 NEVA-M (SA-3 GOA) SAM. Capable of tracking up to six targets and guiding two missiles simultaneously at low altitude in heavy clutter. Uses distinctive 45 deg angled trough antennas. Range: 40 to 85 km depending on target altitude Country: Russia

MODEL 378Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 3,120 to 3,130 pps Description: Modular, portable radar with tripod-mounted parabolic antenna and transceiver plus separate processing, control and display, power generation and conditioning elements. Designed for detection, tracking and recognition of personnel, vehicles and ships. Range: 20 km (vehicles), 6 km (people) China Fujian Radio Equipment Factory, China

MODEL ST-312Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Medium range, vehicle or tripod mounted radar for use against moving targets on the ground or at low altitudes. Features a vertical or circular antenna polarisation, coherent pulse doppler operation with digital signal processing. Range: 40 km (large vehicle), 35 km (helicopter), 35 km (small vehicle), 15 km (person) China National Electronics Import Export Corporation, China

MONITORFrequency: 5 to 8 GHz Description: Man-portable, tripod mounted ground surveillance radar designed to detect moving targets. Control and display via PC. Range: 5 km (person), 8 km (vehicle), 12 km (helicopter), 20 km (ship) Strela Scientific Research Insitute, Russia

MPDR 12Frequency: 2 to 3 GHz Description: High data-rate (60 rpm) pulse-Doppler radar with good clutter rejection performance. Used as the search/acquisition radar for the German Gepard tracked air defence vehicle, it features an integral MSR 400 Mk XII IFF/secondary radar. Teamed on Gepard with a Siemens pulse-Doppler tracking and fire control radar. Range: 16 km (search) 3.5 km (engagement) Siemens, Germany



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MPDR 16Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Pulse-Doppler search and target acquisition radar associate with Roland SAM system, uses the same MSR 400 Mk XII IFF/secondary radar device as the MPDR 12. Range: 16.5 km Siemens, Germany

MPG-25CW target illumination radar cued by ADAR-1. Uses centre-fed dish antenna to illuminate targets for Tien Kung SAMs. Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology (CSIST), Taiwan

MSTARFrequency: 17GHz Description: Man-portable Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar, designed to detect ground based and low flying moving targets (aircraft, vehicles and infantry). Powered by a standard Army field battery, provides a reliable day/night wide area surveillance capability. Full colour map based display shows dead ground, relief and target track history. Support for vector, raster and DTED maps including a wide variety of datum and grid standards. Direct read out of target position in any supported grid/datum format including military grid. The 37.5 kg radar can be carried in a vehicle (for example, Warrior Observation Post Vehicle) or broken down into three easily man-packed loads. Range: >40 km Thales, UK

MW-7-jbFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Mobile, trailer-mounted fire control radar for anti-aircraft artillery. Features centre-fed, mechanically scanned circular dish antenna on top of control cabin; IFF interface; frequency agility. Powered by external generator or towing vehicle. Range: 55 km Huanghe Machine building Factory, China

NR-100Description: Man portable pulse-doppler radar designed to detect and track moving people and vehicles, providing targeting information for infantry weapons. Range: 1.5 to 1.8 km (standing soldier), 3.5 to 4 km (vehicle) Kintex, bulgaria

PIF 518Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Artillery fire control and mortar locating/counter battery radar Range: 20 km bharat Electronics Ltd, India

PSNR-5M KREDO-MFrequency: 6 to 8 GHz Wavelength: 3 cm. Man-portable, tripod mounted ground surveillance radar designed to detect moving targets. Control and display via PC. Country: Russia

RASITFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz. Ground surveillance pulse Doppler radar designed to detect and classify moving targets on the ground or at very low altitude. Can be mounted on light utility trucks, armoured vehicles, shelters or a tripod. Range: 40 km (aircraft, vehicle), 20 to 30 km (helicopter), 20 km (soldier) Thales, France

RATAC-SFrequency: 9.5 GHz. Multipurpose radar designed to detect, locate, classify ground targets or low-flying aircraft at medium to long-ranges. Can also be used for artillery fire-control and probably as a counter-battery radar. Range: Light vehicle: 24 km, helicopter: 28 km, main battle tank: 30 km, vehicle convoy: 38 km, 105mm shell: 8 km, 155mm shell: 15 km, soldiers: 18 km Alcatel SEL/Thales Communications, Germany

Rb-12Frequency: 12 to 18 GHz Description: Short-range, portable surveillance radar.Detects, automatically locates and recognises pedestrians, vehicles, light aircraft, helicopters, ULMs and UAVs. The RB 12 fulfils all kind of tactical surveillance missions for battlefield intelligence, infantry reconnaissance, artillery, border or sensitive sites surveillance. Range: 3 km (lone person), 21 km (light vehicle), 28 km (heavy vehicle,tank). Thales Air Defence, Germany

Rb12bFrequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Short-range ground surveillance radar optimised for detection, classification and tracking of moving targets on the ground from individuals to armoured vehicles. Features tripod mounted flat-plate antenna and receiver/processor and separate laptop-style control and display unit linked by 25 m cable. Range: 6.4 km (vehicle), 3 km (person) Thales, France

RD 170bTFrequency: 9.38 to 9.44 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 1,500 pps Description: Man-portable surveillance radar deployed ashore to protect moored patrol boats of the Royal Norwegian Navy. Range: 89 km max, 0.47, 1.39 and 2.8 km range scales. Racal Norge, Norway

ROLANDFrequency: 1 to 2 and 10 to 20 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 5,000 pps Description: Surveillance and fire control radars associated with Roland short-range SAM system. Surveillance and target acquisition is by the 1 to 2 GHz Siemens MPDR-16 radar, while target is tracked and missile is guided by the Thales Domino 3D radar through a command-to-line-of-sight (CLOS) mechanism. Generally mounted on vehicle turret between twin missile tubes. Range: 16 km (1 m2 RCS target) Thales/Siemens, France/Germany

ROMbFrequency: 6 to 8 and 10 to 20 GHz Description: Low altitude fire control (target tracking and missile command guidance) for the 9M33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) SAM system. NATO code name for the radar is Land Roll. Search, tracking and command guidance antennas are all mounted on a six-wheeled all-terrain armoured vehicle. Range: 30 km Country: Russia

RP-100 FARA-1Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Tripod-mounted, pulse-Doppler ground/coastal surveillance radar capable of detecting and tracking a variety of moving targets and cueing infantry weapons. Can be operated remotely and transmit warnings over radio link. Range: 2 km (person), 4 km (small vehicle, helicopter, ship) Strela Scientific Research Insitute, Russia

RP-200 CREDO-1Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Tripod-mounted, pulse-Doppler ground/coastal surveillance radar capable of detecting and tracking a variety of targets including people, vehicles, ships and helicopters as well as providing fire-control data for artillery. Range: 15 km (people), 20 km (small vehicle), 25 km (MBT), 30 km (ship) Strela Scientific Research Insitute, Russia



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RPK-2 TObOLFrequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control radar mounted on ZSU-23-4 Shilka tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gun system, NATO code name Gun Dish. Country: Russia

S9S32Description: Missile guidance station for S300V SAM (NATO SA-12A). Phased array radar is mounted on missile battery and capable of tracking 12 targets simultaneously. Set-up/tear-down time if 5 minutes by its crew of 6. Range: 10 to 150 km Measuring Instruments Research Institute (NIIIP), Russia

SCbDescription: Man-portable or vehicle mounted surveillance radar for military and para-military users. AMS (bAE SYSTEMS/Finmeccanica joint venture), UK/Italy

SCb 2130AFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Man portable surveillance radar with small parabolic antenna plus separate control, processing and display unit linked by 100 m cable. Set up time by two people is 10 minutes. Range: 10 km (crawling soldier), 15 km (walking soldier, hovering helicopter), 20 km (moving helicopter), 30 km (vehicle), 33 km (armoured vehicle) belgian Advanced Technology Systems, belgium

SHAHINEFrequency: 2 to 4 and 12 to 18 GHz Description: Surveillance and fire control radars associated with Shahine short-range SAM system. Surveillance and target acquisition is by the 2 to 4 GHz pulse-Doppler MTI radar on one tracked vehicle, while target is tracked and missile is guided by the monopulse-Doppler radar on the missile firing vehicle. Range: 17 km Altitude coverage: 6,000 m Thales, France

Sj-202Description: Medium range, air defence radar associated with HQ-2 missile, probably passes targets to Gin Sling fire control radar. Uses large, multiple dipole antenna mounted on a trailer. Range: 115 km (detection) China Precision Machinery Import, Export Corporation, China

SKYRANGER RADAR SYSTEMFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Radar element of Skyranger multi-mission, three-vehicle air/ground defence system (gun vehicle, missile vehicle and the radar vehicle, all wheeled). Advanced 3D I-band search and acquisition radar capable of detecting and tracking small, fast and steep attacking targets in dense ECM. It generates a three-dimensional aerial image, classifies detected targets, and carries out a threat analysis. Assures continuous detection of targets even on the move. Range: 25 km Oerlikon Contraves AG (a division of Rheinmetall De-Tec AG), Switzerland

SNAP SHOTDescription: Early warning and ranging radar associated with 9M37 (NATO SA-13 Gopher) infrared guided SAM. Dish antenna is mounted between launch boxes on rotating assembly mounted on a tracked armoured vehicle. Country: Russia

SNAR 10Frequency: 35 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 2,540 to 4,410 pps Description: 2D pulse-Doppler battlefield surveillance radar system mounted on an MT-LB tracked armoured vehicle. Capable of tracking targets including shell impacts for artillery fire control. Range: 26 km Country: Russia

SQUIREFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Man-portable battlefield surveillance radar enabling detection and classification of moving ground targets up to 24 km. Assists artillery and mortar firing units by giving feedback on shell impacts. Low peak power makes the system ‘virtually undetectable’ – even sophisticated devices will not detect Squire before it has detected them, says Thales. Range: Single scan at 7deg/sec. Pedestrian: 10 km, Vehicle: 21 km, Tank: 28 km, Helicopter: 21 km, Boat: 12 km, Vessel: 48 km Thales Air Defence, Germany

TORFrequency: 4 to 6 and 20 to 40 GHz Description: 3D target acquisition and tracking radar associated with the TOR SAM system (NATO code name SA-15 Gauntlet). 3D pulse-Doppler electronically beam steered E/F-band surveillance radar provides range, azimuth, elevation and automatic threat evaluation data on up to 48 targets for the digital fire control computer processing system. Automatic track initiation can be performed on the 10 most dangerous targets. Phased-array pulse Doppler G/H-band tracking radar is capable of simultaneously tracking two targets traveling at speeds of up to 700 km/h in all-weather, clutter and ECM. Range: 25 km Rosvoorouzhenie, Russia

TRD-1211Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: Long range 3D surveillance radar. Planar array antenna forms one cosec square transmitting beam and 8 stacked pencil beams for reception. The azimuth scanning is achieved by mechanical rotation of the antena. The height estimation is achieved using the monopulse method. TRD-1211 radar consists of three main units and a mobile power station. They can be transported using any truck capable of carrying ISO containers. Links into air defence C3I systems. Range: 350 km Altitude coverage: 40 km Przemyslowy Instytut Telekomunikacji (Telecommunications Research Institute), Poland

TRS 2630 GERFAUTFrequency: 2 to 4 GHz Description: Solid-state radar designed for surveillance, early warning, target acquisition and designation for short- and very-short-range air defence systems. Modular system features three types of antenna, three types of transceiver and two types of processing unit. Range: 14 to 30 km Altitude coverage: 5 km Thales Raytheon Systems, France/USA

TYPE 311Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 2,500 or 833 pps Description: Fire control radar associated with 37 and 57 mm anti aircraft guns. Type 311B features integral IFF system, 311C radar has frequency agility, longer range. Set-up/tear-down time is approx 15 mins. Range: 30 km (fighter sized target), 40 km (311C on fighter sized target) China National Electronics Import Export Corporation, China



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TYPE 313Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Development of Type 311 incorporating TV camera and laser rangefinder, frequency agility in 313A. Altitude coverage: 35 km Chuanbei Electronic Industry Co, China

TYPE 702Frequency: 4 to 10 GHz Description: Computerised, truck-and- trailer-mounted anti-aircraft fire-control radar and TV camera system also capable of engaging surface targets. Radar features frequency agility. Range: 40 km (large vehicle), 35 km (helicopter), 35 km (small vehicle), 15 km (person) China North Industries Corp, China

TYPE 704Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz. Counter-battery radar capable of tracking artillery rounds, mortar bombs and rockets either to locate source of hostile fire or correct outgoing fire. Antenna is of the flat-plate, electronically scanned type and is mounted with the transceiver on a small flat-bed truck, operators’ controls and displays are in a second van. Range: 12 to 16 km depending on size of round China North Industries Corp, China

TYPE 706 IbISDescription: Air defence fire control radar designed to counter low-altitude attacks. Good clutter rejection and ECCM capability are incorporated. Parabolic reflector antenna is raised to 12 m on a mast on top of the operating shelter truck. Transceiver is of the coherent pulse-Doppler type and uses digital signal processing. Range: 40 km (large vehicle), 35 km (helicopter), 35 km (small vehicle), 15 km (person) Altitude coverage: 50 m to 4 km China North Industries Corp, China

TYPE 92 (j/MPQ-N1)Description: Mortar locating radar mounted on trailer towed by truck. Features curved reflector antenna. japan

UAR 1021Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Pulse-Doppler search and track radar for Contraves Skyguard air defence system. Ericsson Microwave Systems Ab, Sweden

X-TARFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Fully coherent X-band radar of the Shorar family optimised for special applications such as early warning for manpads and guns or for tactical air defence units dealing with very low altitude threats in an intense ECM environment. Antenna is of parabolic reflector type. Range: 28 km Oerlikon Contraves AG (a division of Rheinmetall De-Tec AG), Switzerland

X-TAR 3DDescription: 3D search and acquisition radar of X-TAR family under development. Appears to feature mechanically rotated flat-plate, phased array antenna. Oerlikon Contraves AG (a division of Rheinmetall De-Tec AG), Switzerland

ZOOPARK-1Frequency: 6 to 8 GHz Description: Counter-battery and ATC radar system mounted on tracked MT-LB u armoured vehicle. Tracks incoming artillery, mortars, rockets and missiles. Range: 8 km (105 mm shell), 10 km (155/203 mm shell), 12 km (81 mm mortar, 122 mm rocket), 15 km (120 mm motar), 20 km (220 mm rocket), 35 km (TBM) Rosvoorouzhenie, Russia

NAVAL FIRE CONTROL

1802 SWFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Lightweight autonomous fire control radar for control of both the Seawolf point defence missile system and naval gunnery. bAE Systems Insyte

3R95 (NATO CROSS SWORDS)Frequency: 4 to 6 and 20 to 40 GHz Description: Surveillance, target acquisition and fire control radar for the SAN-9 ‘Gauntlet’ SAM system designed to counter low-altitude attack from aircraft and sea-skimming missiles. Range: 45 km Rosoboronexport, Russia

4R60 GROM (NATO HEAD LIGHT)Frequency: 4 to 8 and 8 to 12 GHz Description: Family of missile control radars with a prominent pair of large grid type dish antennas plus smaller solid dishes and a fifth still smaller antenna, possibly for a missile command link. All are supported by a central pillar. Range: 60 km Altitude coverage: 25 km Rosoboronexport, Russia

911(805SW)Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Autonomous tracking radar for both the conventional and vertical launch Seawolf short-range point defence missile system, fitted to the Type 22 and 23 Frigates. bAE Systems Insyte

AN/SPG-34Frequency: 8.74 to 8.99 GHz Description: Obsolete 30 kW radar with dish antenna on 40 mm gun mount, forms part of Mk 63 gunfire control system. Range: Approx 37 km. Country: USA

AN/SPG-50Frequency: 8.5 to 10 GHz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 2,000 pps Description: Obsolete gunfire control radar, upgrade of AN/SPG-34 Country: USA

AN/SPG-51Frequency: 4 to 6 GHz and 8 to 10 GHz Description: Tracking/illumination radar system for Standard missiles, uses a pulse-Doppler technique for automatic target acquisition and tracking, used on several types of US warship and widely exported. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/SPG-52Frequency: 12 to 18 GHz Description: Gunnery radar associated with US Mk 70 fire control system Country: USA

AN/SPG-53A/b/D/E/FFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Fire control radar built in a number of variants associated with both gun systems such as the Mk 68 Mod 19 Gun Fire Control System aboard Charles F Adams class destroyers and the Tartar missile. Country: USA

AN/SPG-60Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Air target acquisition and tracking radar, a component of the US Mk 86 fire control system on US Spruance class destroyers. Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics and Surveillance Systems, USA


AN/SPG-62Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Continuous wave illuminator controlled by the AN/SPY-1 phased array radar at the heart of the Aegis air defence system. Illuminates targets for SM-2 SAMs. Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA

AN/SPQ-9bFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Track-while-scan radar used with the Mk-86 Gunfire Control system. Detects sea-skimming missiles at the horizon, even in heavy clutter. Simultaneously detects and tracks surface targets. Also works with the SPY -1 radar, controlling weapons such as the SM-1/SM-2 missiles and the Mk 45 5 inch 54 calibre gun. Equipped ships include US Ticonderoga class cruisers, LHD-1 amphibious ships, LPD-17 San Antonio class amphibious ships, DD-963 Spruance class destroyers and DDG-51 destroyers. Northrop Grumman Norden Systems, USA

APARFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Active Phased Array Radar providing target detection, tracking and multiple missile control based on mid-course guidance and terminal homing. CW generation and illumination is a built-in feature. The 3,424 T/R elements in each face provide a powerful and redundant system architecture. The complete APAR multifunction radar consists of 4 faces covering 360 degrees. Thales Nederland prime contractor, Netherlands, Germany, Canada

ARAbELDescription: 3D multifunction radar for anti-missile self-defence of major vessels. This radar is intended for the French Navy’s air- defence, anti-missile SAAM system, in particular for the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle. Covers 360 deg in azimuth and 90 deg in elevation, provides track confirmation and initiation over the same antenna revolution, tracks more than 130 targets and up-link to missiles in flight, simultaneous engagement of all types of missiles, automatic adaptation to the threat clutter, ECM.

CASTOR 2bFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Monopulse, moving target indication radar with integral electro-optical sensor used for weapon control including gunfire splash spotting. Range: 0.5 to 27 km Thales Air Defence, France

CASTOR 2CFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Target tracking radar for gunfire control against air, surface and shore targets. Users Doppler filtering tracking techniques to track targets in heavy clutter and ECM. Integrated with electro-optical sensors. Range: 0.5 to 27 km Thales Air Defence, France

CASTOR 2j/CFrequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Radar and electro-optical director for use in weapon fire control on ships of any tonnage. Designed to counter sea-skimming missiles in very hostile environments. A monopulse doppler radar, it rejects clutter and jamming by: pulse compression and a narrow-aperture beam, velocity discrimination using velocity filters, clutter decorrelation through frequency agility, random- frequency agility in single pulses and bursts, wide frequency band, fully passive tracking capability. Range: 0.7 to 30 km Thales Air Defence, France

CEA-MOUNT ILLUMINATORDescription: Continuous wave illumination (CWI) transmitter and command uplink for ship-self defence systems such as NATO SeaSparrow and next generation Standard Missile. CEA-Mount is an evolutionary development of CEA’s solid-state CWI system developed for the Anzac Frigate as a MK73 Transmitter replacement. CEA Technologies Pty Ltd, Australia

CEROS 200Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Radar and EO weapon director designed for general purpose applications against air, surface, and land targets on board ships from 150 tons and upwards. A single CEROS 200 Director can control all weapons to create a three-layer defence: long range engagement with SAMs of both semi-active and command-to-line-of-sight types; medium range engagement with guns of any calibre; short range engagement with close-in weapons. Can engage all types of air targets, including sea skimmers and high divers. Country: Sweden

DRbC 32Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Gunfire control radars associated with 57 and 100 mm naval guns Range: 15 km against 0.1 m2 RCS target. Thales Air Defence, France

DRbC 33Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Target tracking and gunfire control radar for 57, 76 and 100 mm guns. Controls the 100 mm guns on French Navy Cassard, Georges Leygues and Suffren class destroyers. Uses fully coherent monopulse tracking techniques. Thales Air Defence, France

EMPAR SHIPbORNE MULTIFUNCTION RADAR EMPAR (European Multifunction Phased Array Radar) is the state-of-the-art multifunction radar. It operates at C-band, performing concurrently 3D detection, multiple target tracking and missile guidance. To be fitted on board medium and large tonnage vessels, playing the role of main ship sensor, It may be integrated within both Combat and Missile systems supporting: Self Defence, Local Area Defence, Medium Range Defence, Long Range Defence and detecting High Diving and Sea Skimming Missiles, Aircraft and Helicopters, Large Vessels and Fast Patrol Boats. EMPAR is a rotating phased array antenna radar which uses single pencil beam in transmission and multiple beams in reception. Each beam can be steered, within a wide angular sector, along any bearing and elevation direction with respect to

» The radar-controlled Mk-15 Phalanx Close In Weapon System (CIWS) engages a practice target. (us navy)


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the antenna broadside resulting in whole hemisphere coverage. It adapts its operation mode, selecting in real time: Transmitted Frequency, Waveforms, Signal and Data Processing. Its Multifunction Capabilities are: Full volumetric search coverage, Low Altitude and Surface search, Multiple Target Tracking, Up-link transmission for missile guidance. SELEX Sistemi Integrati

EYE bOWLFrequency: 3 to 4 GHz Description: Tracking and command guidance radar for the SS-N-14 torpedo dropping missile. Range: 56 km Rosoboronexport, Russia

FRONT DOMEFrequency: 6 to 10 GHz Description: Target illumination radar for SAN-7 and SAN-17 SAMs Rosoboronexport, Russia

FRONT DOORFrequency: 3 to 4 GHz Description: Mid-course guidance radar for SSN-12 ‘Sandbox’ anti-ship missile. Rosoboronexport, Russia

HAWK SCREECHDescription: Gunfire control radars associated with 45, 57 and 76 mm guns. Rosoboronexport, Russia

HERAKLESDescription: Multifunction 3D surveillance and fire control radar for self- defence, extended self- defence and the establishment of the medium- to long- range situation of vessels. Herakles is designed to equip frigates as the sole radar on board and can cue or guide all types of active or semiactive homing missiles. Establishment of the 3D air, jamming and surface situation, missile detection (SSM and ARM) and weapon deployment (missiles and guns) are performed concurrently. Selected for the FREMM program. Thales Naval, France, Italy

HOT FLASHDescription: Gun and missile control radar for the Kashtan Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) with two GSh-30K six-barrel gatling guns and and two SA-N-11 SAM clusters. Features a pair of paraboloid antennas, one for target tracking, the other for missile guidance. The command module ensures IFF procedures, target acquisition and designation, and data generation for gun/missile fire. The combat module comprises a gun/missile mount, a radar and optical control systems, a computing system, and power supply system. Country: Russia

LIROD MK2Frequency: 18 to 27 GHz Wavelength: 8 mm Description: Small, smart gun-control radar and optronic director that uses millimetre waveband and an elliptical beam for extremely accurate tracking, especially at low elevations. LIROD’s capabilities include full TV tracking, as well as support facilities such as PAC/MDI. Stealthy shape and low weight suit the LIROD Mk2 for small ships. Thales Naval, Netherlands

LR62Frequency: 12 to 18 GHz Description: Gunfire control (splash spotting) radar associated with 130 and 150 mm naval guns. Range: Up to 60 km China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation, China

MK 23Frequency: 1 to 2 GHz Description: 2D target acquisition radar assocated with Sea Sparrow missile, forms an element of the Mk 91 missile fire control system. Range: 37 km against 1 m2 RCS target Northrop Grumman Norden Systems, USA

MK 25Frequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Fire control radar designed as part of US Mk 37 GFCS and still in service with export customers. Western Electric, USA

MK 35Frequency: 10 GHz Description: Radar associated with US Mk 56 gunfire control system for the 3 inch 50 calibre anti-aircraft gun. Range: Approx 15 miles Country: USA

MK 91Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Target tracking and illumination radar for semi-active Sea Sparrow SAM system Raytheon Electronic Systems, Terma Elektronik, NEA Lindberg, bronswerk Amersfoort, Kongsberg Gruppen, US, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway

MK 92 MOD 1/MOD2/MOD5/MOD6Description: US Navy version of the Signaal M20 series FCS and is widely deployed on board FFG 7 Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates to provide targeting data to Mk 75 naval gun and the Mk 13 guided missile launching system. United Defense, USA

MK 95Description: Fire control radar for the Sea Sparrow missiles, a part of the Mk.91 missile fire control system on USN Spruance class destroyers. Country: USA

MPZ-301 bAZA (NATO ‘POP GROUP’)Frequency: 4 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control radar for SA-N-4 SAM system. Rosoboronexport, Russia

MR-103 bARSFrequency: 6 to 8 GHz Description: Gun control radar for corvettes, fast attack craft and patrol vessels Rosoboronexport, Russia

MR-104 RYS (NATO DRUM TILT)Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Gun control radar for 30 mm AK230 gatling gun CIWS Rosoboronexport, Russia

MR-105 TURELFrequency: 6 to 10 GHz Description: Fire control radar for AK-726 twin dual purpose 76 mm gun mount aboard Russian warships such as Kara class guided missile cruiser. Rosoboronexport, Russia

MR-114 LEVFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Gun fire control radar (NATO code name Kite Screech) for AK 100 mm naval guns. Range: 40 km Rosoboronexport, Russia


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MR-123 VYMPELDescription: Fire control radar associated with AK-630M gatling gun based CIWS Rosoboronexport, Russia

MR-145 DRAKONFrequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Gun fire control radar (NATO code name Kite Screech) for AK 100 mm naval guns. Pedestal mounted dish antenna has prominent feed arrangements, possibly cassegrain. ECM resistance enhanced by sharing control of gun mount with optical sight, high immunity to active and passive jamming, two radar wave bands, laser range finder and automatic TV tracking unit. Range: 40 km Rosoboronexport, Russia

MR-184Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Two-band target tracking radar, TV tracker, moving target selection, antijamming equipment, and control devices for the AK-130 dual 130 mm naval gun mount Rosoboronexport, Russia

MR-352 POSITIVE EDescription: Target acquisition and fire control radar for anti-air and anti-surface missile systems. NATO code name Cross Dome. Mounted atop helicopter hangar on Neustrashimy class frigates. Rosoboronexport, Russia

MR66Frequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Missile defence radar designed to detect and track incoming sea skimmers and hand them off to point defence weapon systems. Range: 10 km China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation, China

NA-18L/b ELECTRO-OPTICAL FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMAn Electro-Optical (EO) Fire Control System suitable as a main Fire Control System on board medium and small size vessels, as well as secondary Fire Control System for larger vessels fitted with Radar Fire Control Systems. It is one of the most modern EO systems, with a new concept of Director, lighter, allowing a total of 360° training and elevation excursion, due to its spherical shape. NA-18L/B EO FCS can be fitted with up to four sensors: B/W TV, Laser, IR; an optional colour TV can be added. The sensors carry out the acquisition and tracking functions under the control by the FCS processor and by its console. It may be connected to the Ship Search or Navigation Radar for simultaneous presentation of radar video for surveillance purposes and self designation capability. The System drives up to three guns against the target under tracking and can be provided with a dedicated twin-monitor multifunctional console or controlled by any console of the Combat Management System. SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy

NA25X RADAR AND OPTRONIC FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMA radar and EO Fire Control System (FCS), able of controlling medium calibre guns in the anti-aircraft and anti-surface roles as well as small calibre guns in the CIWS role. Up to three guns of different calibres can be controlled at the same time. It is a modern Fire Control System, provided with a tracking radar, a J-band fully coherent equipment which is characterised by anti-nodding, ECCM and anti-clutter features together with high tracking accuracy. A set of two EO sensors (TV camera, IR camera) can be fitted on the radar director to enable firing assessment and to provide an alternative line-of-sight of the

same target. A third sensor (Laser Range Finder) can be added to provide a complete EO tracker. NA25X can be provided with a dedicated twin-monitor multifunctional console or controlled by any Combat Management System console. Through an internal additional function the NA25X system can be integrated inside an Artillery System (including at least 2 FCSs) in order to optimise the use of all onboard guns against multiple concurrent targets (missiles, air and surface targets). SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy

NA30S RADAR AND OPTRONIC FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMAn advanced modular weapon control system designed to control surface-to-air missile system and guns (up to three gun outputs) in a sophisticated threat environment and in coordinated fire reaction mode. It is a modern Fire Control System (FCS) provided with a tracking radar, a I-band fully coherent equipment which is characterised by anti-nodding, ECCM and anti-clutter features together with high tracking accuracy. A set of two EO sensors (TV camera, IR camera) can be mounted on the radar director to enable firing assessment and to provide an alternative line-of-sight on the same target. A third sensor (Laser Range Finder) can be mounted to provide a complete EO tracker. NA30S can be provided with a dedicated twin-monitor multifunctional console or controlled by any Combat Management System console. Through an internal additional function the NA30S system can be integrated inside an Artillery System (including at least 2 FCSs) in order to optimise the use of all onboard guns against multiple concurrent targets (missiles, air and surface targets). SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Italy

RAN-30X SHIPbORNE MULTIMODE RADARA state-of-the-art 2D Air/Surface Surveillance radar in X-band. It is suitable for small and medium ships with different operational mission roles. It is available in two different versions to be effective against surface targets as small ships, snorkels, low flying targets (Anti-Surface Warfare) and against high diving air targets (Anti-Air Warfare). Detection and tracking capabilities, together with the fast antenna rotation, ensure short reaction time and quick target designation either directly to weapon systems or to the Fire Control Systems. As a main onboard sensor, it also offers long-range detection capability thanks to its OTH (Over-the-Horizon) surveillance mode to assist the compilation of the tactical picture. RAN-30X plays four different roles: Air/Surface Surveillance, Navigation Support and Heli control, Over the Horizon, Anti-sea-skimmer missiles. Each mode has been designed with a proper set of transmitting waveforms. The Antenna is mechanically stabilized in roll and pitch. The reflector antenna performs two different beams and two polarization (linear and circular) used to cope with the different applications. Fixed and adaptive MTI/MTD filters allow to update the clutter maps and optimising its performances against the worst environmental conditions. SELEX Sistemi Integrati

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RAN-40L SHIPbORNE LONG RANGE RADARA 3D Long Range Early Warning Radar with fully solid state active phased array antenna.The radar design has been intensively proven on the land based 3D RAT-31DL (Long Range Surveillance Radar provided worldwide to the NATO Countries and Foreign customers). RAN-40L ensures detection of aircraft up to 400km and a minimum range of 180m. Radar instrumental range is divided into sections in which different waveforms are used: Short Range (SR) waveform for sea, land and weather clutter suppression and Long Range (LR) waveform to optimise performance in terms of coverage and ECCM capability. Radar coverage is obtained by phase-scanning in elevation, while mechanically rotating in azimuth. The antenna rotates at 6 or 12 rpm providing 360° azimuth coverage. Two independent and simultaneous pencil beams are used in transmission and in reception. High elevation accuracy is guaranteed by monopulse techniques. Very low antenna side lobe prevents interference outside main lobe. Fixed and adaptive MTI/MTD filters allow to update the clutter maps, optimising its performances against the worst environmental conditions. The Tracker Unit can manage more than 500 real 3D tracks with the assistance during the plots generation process of a sophisticated false alarm control function. SELEX Sistemi Integrati

SEAPARFrequency: 8 to 12 GHz Description: Smaller, lighter version of APAR, using identical technology and system architecture. SEAPAR is specifically designed to match the capabilities of the NATO Evolved SeaSparrow Missile (ESSM). Can be used on board smaller vessels where the four fixed antenna faces may be fully integrated into the ship’s superstructure. Thales Naval

ST1802Frequency: 8.9 to 9.5 GHz Description: Monopulse tracking radar for with MTI capability, TWT replaces magnetron as RF source. Marconi, UK

ST802Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz Description: Monopulse tracking radar for direction of guns up to medium calibre and missiles. Marconi/Ericsson, UK

STING EODescription: Medium-range, lightweight dual band (I and K) weapon control system, primarily for gun control. It combines a 1.2 m radar director with TV, IR and laser sensors allowing optronic tracking and an automatic ‘best sensor’ selection process. The three data sources provide high redundancy, performance and ECCM resistance. A shell measuring feature is incorporated to support facilities such as Pre-Action Calibration (PAC) and Miss Distance Indication (MDI). Thales Naval, Netherlands

STIRDescription: Separate Target Illumination Radar associated with the Mk 92 fire control system aboard US FFG-7 Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates. The MK 92 has a track-while-scan radar uses the Combined Antenna System (CAS) with search and track antennas in a single radome. The STIR provides a large antenna to illuminate targets beyond CAS range for SM-2 Standard missiles. United Defense, USA

STIR 180/240/HPDescription: Medium-to-long range tracking and illumination radar system designed primarily to control point and area defence missile systems such as NATO Seasparrow, ESSM and Standard Missiles (SM1 and SM2), direct control of guns. The STIR 180 with both I- and K-band facilities provides excellent low-level target tracking for missile and gun control. All STIR configurations have optional TV/IR tracking capabilities. Thales Naval, Netherlands

TMX/EOFrequency: 8.6 to 9.5 GHz Description: Three-axis tracking module equipped with X-band radar and TV camera, infrared camera, and laser rangefinder, for precision measurements of aerial, naval, and land- based targets for guns and missiles in the Seaguard family of ship defence systems. CW signal in-beam injection for target illumination is optional. Range: 0.3 to 80 km Oerlikon Contraves, a division of Rheinmetal DeTec, Switzerland

TOP DOMEFrequency: 10 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control radar associated with the SAN-6 SAM system. Radar tracks both target and missile and sends course corrections via command link. Can engage several targets simultaneously. Rosoboronexport, Russia

TRS 3220 POLLUXFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Target tracking and gunfire control radar usually used with Triton surveillance and target designation radar in Vega fire control systems. Electro-optical sensor is mounted alongside cassegrain dish antenna. Range: 30 km Thales Air Defence, France

TYPE 88CDescription: Surveillance and target indication radar integrated with an electro-optical sensor and fitted to Houjian class fast attack craft. Optimised for detection of low altitude and sea-skimming targets. China North Industries Corporation, China

TYPE 903/904Frequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Fire control radar associated with obsolete Sea Cat SAM system Plessey, UK

TYPE 909Frequency: 4 to 8 GHz Description: Target tracking and illumination radar for the semi-active homing GWS-30 Sea Dart area air defence SAM system fitted to UK and Agentine Type 42 anti-air warfare destroyers and UK Invincible class VSTOL aircraft carriers. Features a secondary anti-surface capability. Main cassegrain dish antenna, small IFF dome and what could be a command uplink antenna are normally protected by a prominent dome. Two are fitted to the ships, one before and one after the bulk of the superstructure. Range: Approx 55 km bAE Systems Insyte

WM20 SERIESFrequency: 8 to 20 GHz Description: Family of gun and missile fire control radars with distinctive spherical radome, widely exported and fitted to frigates, patrol vessels and fast attack craft. Thales Naval, Netherlands

EQuiPmEnt TEST SYSTEMS






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airbornE systEms

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TEST SYSTEMS

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EvEnts diary 2008

This section includes brief descriptions of equipment used to test EW systems on the flight line, in maintenance facilities and laboratories.

Some products also have simulation and training capabilities.

Systems are listed in alphabetical order by name or alphanumeric designation.


TEST EQUIPMENT


TEST EQUIPMENT

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ADVANCED MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR (AMES II)A modular EW threat simulator system capable of expansion and customisation. Developed over a period of 10 years, the design satisfies the multiple requirements of the EW community’s criteria for test and evaluation. A dynamic and static RF threat simulator, AMES II can generate a radar threat environment of over 2,000 complex emitters. It also has considerable multispectral capability, with ‘hooks’ provided for interfacing to infrared (IR) and electro-optic (EO) subsystem simulators. The system is controlled by a host DEC/Alpha computer that runs software written in Ada within a Windows environment. A graphical user interface (GUI) serves as the main operator interface used to create and generate scenarios (dynamic or static) or emitters. It can also operate as a slave device to an external simulation computer in real time. Features: Realistic simulation of sophisticated high-density radar signal environments. Up to 2,048 independent complex emitters can be software programmed. Modern PD/CW threat radars simulated. Frequency Coverage: 10 MHz to 96.0 GHz in selected bands. Supports up to 64 RF sources. 3D scan computed for each pulse. Priority strategy is programmable. 3D amplitude or phase AOA simulation computed on each pulse. C3 emitters controlled. Databases: EWIR, KILTING, DMA Maps. Simulated propagation effects include: beacon range, multipath, ducting, and polarization effects. Closed loop receiver/jammer operation. Constructs dynamic and static scenarios in English. Controls and colour displays are interactive. Three-dimensional dynamic scenarios include frame freeze/playback. Simulated RWR display. 500 fully programmable receiver platforms. Simulates aircraft antenna and cable loss. Threat movement is fully programmable. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems

AN/ALM-290 IMPROVED FLIGHT LINE PAYLOAD SIMULATOR (IFLIPS)Manufactured by NSWC Crane for use on aircraft configured with Navy-style round, six inch expendable countermeasures. IFLIPS performs release and control checks and ALE-47 CMDS troubleshooting, continuous stray voltage testing. It detects single, dual, triple, quad and jettison fires. Battery life exceeds 30 hours on six D-size alkaline cells. Displays: BIT/stray voltage results-pass/fail; valid fire count-total valid fire pulses; valid fire list -dispenser pin numbers w/valid fires; invalid fire list -dispenser pin numbers w/invalid fires; no fire list; dispenser pin numbers w/no fires. Payload simulator mechanical data; designed to Mil-PRF-28800 (flight line qualified). Dimensions: 9.20” w x 7.68” l x 8.13” h. Weight: 10 lbs; interfaces with D-66 and D-67 dispenser housings. Symetrics Industries

AN/ALM-295 COUNTERMEASURE DISPENSER TEST SETBuilt to test the AN/ALE-47 countermeasures dispensing system, the AN/ALM-295 is composed of two ruggedized CDTS in a single, weather-resistant carrying case that can be carried by one person. Modes of operation include: built-in test, jettison, misfire detection and correction, fire test, and stray voltage. The AN/ALM-295 is functionally equivalent to the existing ALM-288 tester but with added enhanced features. The ethernet port will allow for future enhancements, such as being able to download all test results or to slave testers to verify a particular mission data file profile prior to flight. By using newer, lower power electronics, greater running life can be achieved, and data from multiple tests can be stored and later

downloaded for analysis and archiving. Program upgrades are performed using a laptop computer. Each CDT consists of a weather-resistant chassis, a multi-line, backlit alphanumeric LCD display, control switches, internal electronics and sensor contacts, and carrying handles. The unit is battery powered and totally self-contained. The Symetrics Countermeasures Dispenser Tester (CDT) part number 403200 performs flight line safety and functional checks of the AN/ALE-47 counter-measures dispenser systems. The CDT is installed into a dispenser and will automatically perform tests and display the test results. Symetrics Industries

AN/PLM-4 RADAR SIGNAL SIMULATOR (RSS) The EDO TSO RSS is a portable, self-contained, lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective radar simulator that tests radar warning receivers (RWR). The RSS is designed to test aircraft and helicopter RWR detection and identification capabilities against the latest hostile threats. The RSS was originally designed for flight line or end of runway testing. The AN/PLM-4 can be adapted to perform a variety of different tasks. EDO TSO customers are already adapting the system to be used for laboratory, shipboard, and vehicle testing. The US Air Force (USAF) selected the RSS AN/PLM-4 to replace the aging AN/APM-427. EDO TSO has several new RSS operational configurations and more on the drawing board. These configurations include the AN/PLM-4 End-to-End Test System (ETETS) that performs automated performance evaluation of Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) and RWR sytems. The ETETS is comprised of the RSS AN/PLM-4, a rugged laptop computer with EDO TSO developed wizard driven test software, and a Radio Frequency Measurement Device (RFMD). The wizard driven test program enables depot level or similar electronic warfare (EW) engineers to design custom test applications for a system-under-test (SUT). The new test applications can then be delivered to the appropriate field locations and loaded into an ETETS laptop. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)

AN/USM-464 COUNTERMEASURES TEST SET DOWNSIZED SRMUThe AN/USM-464 Downsized Subsystem Reliability Maintainability Upgrade (SRMU) provides the capabilities of the current AN/USM-464 Countermeasures Test Set (CTS) in a smaller package (two-person lift, one-person portable) rugged enough for the flight line. Using enhanced commercial instrumentation software, the user sees real time test results. It can emulate threat signals with the onboard MARS function generator and is provided with the control and information for on the spot diagnostic analysis. GUI soft panels provide control of each subsystem. Modular mechanical design and an open architecture instrumentation platform allow it to be configured for the needs of the on a wide variety of aircraft. Five RF output ports, five RF input ports and five available VME growth slots provide maximum test flexibility as new avionics/weapons systems are deployed. bAE Systems

AN/USM-670 jOINT SERVICE ELECTRONIC COMbAT SYSTEMS TESTER (jSECST)The JSECST is a platform-independent EW system and cable tester whose core hardware and software require no modifications to support multiple platforms, says AAI. It ‘has been designated by the Defense Department as the first organizational level Automatic Test System Family Tester – the standard flight line electronic warfare test system supporting all branches of the US military’. A digital synthesizer enables realistic emitter simulations and multiple-threat scenario environments. The highly flexible and fully programmable measurement subsystem includes an RF receiver front end, a high-speed digitiser, and digital signal processing techniques to measure and analyse system under-test performance data. The core test set consists of electronics assembly and accessory case, easily carried by two technicians. Carrier deck operable, it covers the frequency range from 10 MHz – 18.5 GHz, expandable to millimetre wave frequencies. AAI Corporation (now part of Textron)

ATIRCM MALLINAA ruggedized version of the Super MEOS system. Developed as a training aid, It comprises the UV Mallina and a further improved IR beacon unit. The IR Beacon unit comprises some 216 individual wide-band, mid-IR transmitters offering nearly twice the power of the original IR beacon in Super MEOS. Each IR transmitter can be controlled to provide spatial signatures with increased temporal dynamic range. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

AUTOMATED TEST EQUIPMENTStarting from requirements analysis, MiKES designs/develops various automated support/test systems utilizing GPIB, VXI, PXI and LXI basis, or other as may be required. The systems are used for; engineering test equipment for system verification/validation tests, automated production test equipment for acceptance testing, environmental stress screening and qualification test equipment, field test equipment, and intermediate/depot level maintenance and fault isolation equipment. Examples of current test systems are I-Level ESM automatic test equipment (ATS), LRU/SRU Production and maintenance test station, chaff/flare dispenser test station, chaff/flare dispenser O-level tester, Analysis processor and display test station, environmental stress screening (ESS) test station, and radar signal simulator (RSS). MiKES, Microwave Electronic Systems, Inc

COMbAT ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR (CEESIM)CEESIM provides high-fidelity, static and dynamic real-time RF signal stimulus for a variety of hardware-in-the-loop, stand-alone, and man-in-the-loop applications. Available system outputs include digital, video, IF, RF-injection, and RF-radiation. A scalable configuration supports up to 8,192 simultaneous threat signals, and from 1 to over 100 ports per frequency used. The CEESIM family of simulators sets the world standard in RF simulation for use in development, test and evaluation (T&E), maintenance, and training support of airborne, land-based, shipboard, and space-based electronic warfare (EW) sensors, electronic countermeasure (ECM) systems, and electronic support measure (ESM) systems. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems

CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS (C&D) SIMULATOREDO TSO’s C&D Simulator is designed to simulate the system-under-test (SUT) controls and displays. It works in real-time displaying true data and controlling the SUT or it can operate in a post-test environment using recorded data. It can also act as a backup to the actual SUT controls and displays. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)

COUNTERMEASURES DISPENSER TESTERThe CDT is a self-contained, battery powered flight line tester. It improves aircraft readiness in performing fast and reliable flight line safety and functional checks of countermeasures dispenser systems. Compatible with the ALE-47, ALE-45 and ALE-40, and variants of these systems. It replaces the US Air Force AN/ALM-176 Stray Voltage Test Set, the AN/ALM-177 Dispenser Test Set and the Flight Line Payload Simulator. bAE Systems Rokar

DIGITAL THREAT SIMULATOR (DTS)Simulates RF emitter/threat by generating digital words that describe the emitter/threat. The DTS bypasses the normal receiver processing that generates the emitter/threat digital description words and enables the testing without injecting or radiating RF signals into the system being tested. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)

ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURE TARGET SIMULATORS (ECM/TS)Utilizing ultra-wideband DRFM, fast set-on frequency, and accurate Doppler generation to provide the ultimate in coherent technique generation. The family of simulation products includes a versatile, high performance, Electronic Countermeasure and Target Simulator (ECM/TS) system. The heart of this system consists of ultra-wide-band and spectrally clean multi-bit digital RF memories (DRFMs) that are based on industry standard VME bus architecture. The ECM/TS system can be configured to utilize from 1 to all 12 bits. These DRFMs are ideal for target return generation, as well as the simulation of coherent jammers of various fidelities. With optional ECM technique generation software, the system can provide a complete system for laboratory, anechoic chamber, or free-space radar and seeker testing requirements. Kor Electronics

» A Missim handset from Swiss manufacturer Ruag. The system can test all types of DAS sensor on the flight line.


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ELECTRONIC WARFARE (EW) AND AVIONIC SYSTEMS MObILE/TRANSPORTAbLE TEST LINES (TTL) EDO’s transportable test lines are fully self-contained laboratories on wheels. They house electronic warfare/avionics system racks, the system-under-test (SUT), test equipment, computers, cabling, an electrical generator, an environmental control system, oil and air cooling systems, plus antenna masts for receive and transmit capability. Equipment can be easily removed and installed in permanent laboratory facilities. Transportable test lines are designed for mobility and can be used at remote EW test ranges, main operating bases, and contractor facilities. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)

ELECTRONIC WARFARE SIMULATORS (EW SIM)Applications utilizing EW simulators can be separated into the three major categories: test and evaluation, library programming/reprogramming and training. EW simulators are used for the test and evaluation, and validation and verification of electronic warfare systems. By simulating the electronic signal environment and stimulating these EW systems in a programmable and repeatable scenario, accurate testing of system performance and the validation and verification of software libraries are achieved. With the addition of instructor and student stations, highly realistic training on actual systems is realized. KOR Electronics’ basic Electronic Environment Simulator (bEES) provides a COTS-based solution for EW testing. High fidelity signal environments are created through an easy to use man-machine interface for accurate testing. The Waveform Modulation Generator (WMG) may be operated alone or in conjunction with other EW simulation assets. The WMG specializes in the generation of very high fidelity signals with advanced modulations for application with today’s most sophisticated receivers. By employing DRFM technologies, the WMG offers the added capability to record and replay these very high fidelity waveforms and arbitrary waveform construction capabilities. Kor Electronics

END-TO-END (ETE) ELECTRONIC WARFARE TEST SYSTEMAdvanced electronic warfare/electronic combat test system. It provides extensive system level test capability by combining accurate RF stimulus and advanced RF measurement techniques with automated diagnostic routines tailored specifically for the system-under-test. To this end, it uses modular electronic units that are designed for stand-alone operation but may be combined via an Ethernet for full EW/EC system checkout and diagnostics. The system features options for a high power, free space module and intermediate-level interface test adapters for LRU checkout at deployed locations. ETE features automatic, semi-automatic and manual operating modes with Ethernet control. It can be operated remotely from up to 1,000 feet away and monitors and records test results. Other capabilities include multiplexed emitter outputs and complex emitter generation. Ninety percent VXI/VME COTS design, militarized construction, all-weather ruggedness and a removable hard drive all feature, as does a MIL-STD-1553B interface. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)

ENHANCED AUTOMATED SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT (EASTE) AN/ALM-280A ruggedized, fully programmable mobile radar/electronic warfare test system designed to accomplish performance verification of a wide variety of R/EW systems. The test cart hardware and software design makes it flexible and extensible. The EASTE is a tool for developmental testing of new or upgraded radar or EW systems. The USAF’s EASTE carts are currently used to support testing and maintenance on the B-1A and B-2A bombers. In addition, the AN/ALM-280 has a tested configuration for supporting the B-52 bomber. The remote terminal keyboard/display with its user-friendly display prompts enables a single technician to control test activity and analyse results remotely, even from inside the aircraft crew compartment. The EASTE operates in automatic, semi-automatic, or manual modes to provide the different configurations needed to test, perform fault isolation, and assist in the maintenance of the system-under-test. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)

EXCALIbUR LAb TEST AND EVALUATION EW SIMULATORSDRS produces laboratory test and evaluation simulator systems based on the company’s Excalibur radar threat simulator products and ancillaries integrated to provide direct coupled systems that are capable of validating emitter libraries, functionality and performance of ESM receivers and RWRs. For receiver test and development applications, DRS’s coupled RF systems provide a realistic simulation of the EW environment. Coupled RF simulators provide hard-line RF injection into the system-under-test. A RF environment of hundreds of complex emitters can be simulated. Modularity enables users to build simulators ranging in size from man-portable systems to large, rack-mounted systems. DRS’s ThreatBuilder software is used to script emitters, platforms, receiver definitions and scenarios, both 2D and 3D. DRS Technologies

EXCALIbUR NAVAL RANGE EW SIMULATORSDRS produces naval range simulator systems based on its Excalibur threat simulator product and ancillary systems integrated together to provide free space radiating systems for ESM receiver emitter library validation, bearing accuracy checking and radar range calibration. These range simulators can be packaged to operate from existing shore facilities or can be fully contained in a mobile ISO shelter to support operations from a temporary site. DRS Technologies

EXPENDAbLE COUNTERMEASURES (EXCM) SIMULATORThe EDO TSO EXCM Simulator enables the integrated testing of expendable countermeasure systems (ie, chaff, flares) and other aircraft avionics systems. The EXCM Simulator is controlled via a touch-screen display and a special application, developed by EDO TSO to simulate the loading and unloading of expendable countermeasures. The EXCM integrated testing ensures that aircraft avionics and the EXCM systems do not interfere with each other. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)

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END-TO-END TESTERS for aircraft in maintenance hangars and depots.PRE-FLIGHT TESTERS for flight lines and flight decks.LABORATORY TESTERS for OEM labs and back shop applications.TRAINING RANGE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT for full flight EW envelope verifications.

For more information or to receive an authentic deck of AAI playing cards, e-mail us at [email protected] or phone 1-800-655-2616.

T54690 AAI EW#3 EWHandbook08 3/13/08 3:07 PM Page 1


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FSU67 SPECTRUM ANALYZER The R&S FSU67 extends the upper frequency limit in spectrum analysis from 50 GHz to 67 GHz. This eliminates the need for external harmonic mixers. Featuring a continuous frequency range starting from 20 Hz, the R&S FSU67 also performs harmonics measurements in one go without requiring any modifications to the test setup. Other characteristics are high measurement accuracy without unwanted products, and excellent RF performance – features that will be appreciated by developers and manufacturers of microwave components, short-haul microwave links in the range of 52 GHz or 58 GHz as well as aerospace and defense applications. Rohde & Schwarz

FUNCTIONAL AND STRAY-VOLTAGE TESTERThe FAST is a hand-held armament pre-flight tester that functions as a flight line tester. It is used to perform ‘O’ Level armament system functional and stray voltage tests prior to armament loading to the aircraft. It improves the accuracy and quality of testing and provides additional capabilities for ‘I’ Level testing and analysis. bAE Systems Rokar

HYDRADeveloped as a confidence flight line test set and Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL) tool for stimulating Laser Warning Receiver (LWR) threats, Hydra is compatible with VVR-1, VVR-2A, LWS-200/300/400, and Series 1220/1223. It is man-portable, battery-powered and is manufactured as ruggedized MIL-specification equipment. It can be provided with software tools for threat re-programming and full remote operation. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

ICSTCI Systems’ Infrared Countermeasures Sensor Tester (ICST) simulates a realistic, dynamic scenario for sensor testing at the lab and depot level. In the scenario, the ICST controls the target’s position relative to the sensor, the temperature of the IR source and the sensor’s rotational position. It is a modular test system that may be modified according to customer requirements. The system consists of three major components: the sensor motion assembly, the target motion assembly and a controlled IR source. The optimum distance from the sensor to the target is 2.8 m, manually adjustable. CI Systems

IR bARINGA 5Developed as a confidence flight line test set and Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL) tool for stimulating IR missile warning systems (MWS). IR Baringa 5 is compatible with AAR-44, AAR-58, PAWS, and PAWS II. It is man-portable, battery-powered and is manufactured as ruggedized MIL-specification equipment. It can be provided with software tools for threat re-programming and full remote operation. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

IR MALLINAA long-range stimulator for pilot training and doctrine and tactics analysis for IR MWS systems. IR Mallina is capable of providing one-colour or two-colour IR stimulation and is thus, compatible with AAR-44, AAR-58, PAWS, and PAWS II IR MWS. It is modular in design such that additional channels can be added to increase the maximum power. It is manufactured as ruggedized Mil-specification equipment and is modular in design for compatibility with UV Mallina and other DIRCM Mallina units. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

IRTSThe infrared threat simulator (IRTS) is a medium to long-range electro-optical missile threat simulator for testing missile approach warning systems. It simulates an IR radiation profile, based on parameters such as the missile signature, atmospheric conditions, missile speed and range. It is available as a broadband or spectral source. ‘Dual colour’ configurations are available. An integrated GPS synchronizes the IRTS to any other equipment used in the drill or experiment. The GPS can also synchronize between several IRTS sets to create a true ‘missile-field’ simulation. Training crews can use it to learn how to operate missile warning systems and IR jammers. It also has an option for a video tracker and a motorized pedestal. With the optional radiometer, it gives a complete analysis of missile simulation on the one hand and testing of IR jammers on the other. CI Systems

jOINT THREAT EMITTER (jTE)A multi-threat, hi-fidelity simulator with realistic effective radiated power levels, which simulates both single and double digit surface-to-air and anti-aircraft artillery radar systems. JTE accurately trains combat aircrew to defeat or avoid integrated air defence systems around the world in a war-like training environment. JTE will replace most threat emitter systems on USAF and ANG training ranges. The Joint Threat Emitter offers ‘true’ warfighter training for the combat pilot. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems

MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION SYSTEM (MAVS) An automated RF instrumentation system that measures the RF threat inputs to the system-under-test (SUT) and the RF output jamming. It measures and records: frequency, pulse width, pulse repetition interval, scan time, power modulation parameters (jamming waveforms), delta time-between-channels (response time). It also provides automatic display of measured parameters; stores measured results for post-test analysis; performs automated calibration routines of the RF measurement paths; performs automated performance checks of the RF SUT including: receiver sensitivity, parametric encoding of the RF input and transmitter output. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)

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MEON V3Developed as an end-to-end, confidence flight line test set for stimulation and radiometric measurement of MWS/IRCM systems. It is compatible with ALQ-144, ALQ-157, ALQ-204 (Matador), AAQ-24 (Nemesis), and ALQ-212 (ATIRCM). Man-portable, battery-powered and manufactured as ruggedized Mil-specification equipment. MEON v3 can be provided with software tools for threat re-programming and full remote operation. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

MICRO-AMESA transportable threat environment simulator housed in a 50” rack on casters. Fully compatible with the AMES II, it runs dynamic and static scenarios generated from the same databases as those used with the larger system. The Micro-AMES can simulate EW, AEW, ground control intercept, missiles, AI, AAA, communications, and jammer signal environments. It may be used either as a standalone RF simulator or as a companion to the AMES II. Applications: Range testing, flight line testing, anechoic chamber testing, lab testing, and training. Features: realistic simulation of sophisticated high-density radar signal environments; transportable high-fidelity threat environment generation; universal EW threat simulation; over 2,000 software-programmable independent complex emitters. Frequency coverage: 10 MHz up to 96 GHz in selected bands. Digital, video, and IF output modules are available. Amplitude AOA simulation: up to 12 ports. Real-time scan computed for each pulse. Controls and displays are interactive. Operates alone or in a network and is modular and easily expandable. Plug-in modules are interchangeable, databases transportable and software is common. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems

MISSIM (MISSILE SIMULATION)Ruag describes Missim as ‘one tester for all self-protection suites’. It is a hand-held three-in-one flight line tester combining radar, laser and guided missile signatures for testing most EW systems on the market. Compatible with air, ground and maritime applications, it is also suitable for civil as well as military applications, says the company. Modular construction enables stimulator combinations to be tailored to customer needs. It’s radar, laser, UV and IR outputs are non-hazardous and eye-safe. It can be used from between zero and 20 metres from the sensors to be tested and features up to 255 free programmable scenarios plus an automatic mode to simulate weapon systems simultaneously or sequentially. Ruag says it offers full, fast and simple testing from a handy piece of equipment that is easy to stow aboard an aircraft. Other features include built in test and remote control/data link capabilities. A Windows-based programming tool is included at no extra cost. It is compatible with the EW suites on aircraft such as the NH-90, F/A-18, F-5 and C-130, with MSWS, AMPS systems and missile warning systems such as MAW-200/300, AAR-44, AAR-54, AAR-57, AAR-60 (MILDS) etc, laser warners including the LWS-300, COLDS, LSU, ALTAS, LWS-20 etc, and radar warning receivers such as the RWS-300, TWE, ALR-67 (V2)/(V3), ALR-2000, etc. Ruag

MObILE EW AND RADAR TEST SYSTEM (MERTS)Fully mobile, turnkey test and evaluation equipment for field applications. Includes both the CHAMELEON II and RSS8000 systems integrated into one operational unit. The MERTS equipment is housed in an ISO container and enables on-site test and evaluation of radar and EW systems as well as operator training. It includes an on-board diesel AC generator together with an air-conditioned operator environment within the container. The transmitter and antenna system feature TV camera pointing and tracking, Az/El antenna stabilization and high radiated powers of up to +60 dBW provided by TWT amplifiers. In standard form, it covers 0.5 to18 GHz. Other bands are available. Herley Industries Inc

MObILE REPROGRAMMAbLE EMITTER SIMULATOR (MRES)Supports electronic warfare system testing and aircrew combat training. It provides the ability to simulate any known threat signature with a single set of hardware, and can be rapidly reprogrammed. MRES can operate in stand-alone mode at a non-instrumented range for use in RDT&E, pre-deployment grooming, and electronic intercept/ECM training, or it can function as a fully integrated asset in more complex range settings. It is a wideband emitter, operating from 2 –18 GHz (0.4 – 2 GHz optional), and provides the ability to radiate up to 64 threats simultaneously. Target tracking options include ACMI/TACTS interface, optical, or IFF. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems

MODEL 527 RADAR SIGNAL SIMULATORMimics multiple emitters with multiple modes, such as search, acquire, and launch, in order to test radar warning receiver (RWR) systems installed in aircraft. In end-of-runway and walk around testing up to 120 feet from the aircraft, it stimulates RWR systems with free-space radiation. The operational readiness of the systems under test is verified by threat reception and recognition as displayed in the cockpit. The Model 527 covers frequencies from 500 MHz to 18 GHz with options from 10 MHz to 18 GHz and up to 2 millimetre wave bands and can be programmed via a graphical interface that comes with it. A high-fidelity, high-power, low-spurious signal output enhances RWR testing, and it can also be used in an integrated mode with ESL Defence Baringa and Meon EO/IR simulators (listed under ESL). AAI Corporation (now part of Textron)

MSSThe Missile Signal Simulator tests readiness and performance of missile warning systems in the flight line, in regular routine, and close to take-off. It does so by simulating the changes of the missile’s IR radiation signature from launch through flight to a target. Designed to MIL standard requirements, it withstands severe field environment conditions while maintaining its reliability and accuracy. The operator chooses the simulated missile signature from pre-loaded files. The MSS is delivered with a single or dual channel, with each channel simultaneously emitting at a different spectral band. The scenarios are emitted from the same optical exit. The scenarios are independent or can be related by a factor. Portable, compact and lightweight, the 2.5 kg unit covers single or dual, related or non-related simultaneous spectral bands within the MWIR spectrum. CI Systems

MSS II (DUAL WAVE)The Missile Signal Simulator II is a compact hand-held and self-contained missile engine radiation plume simulator designed to test the readiness and performance of dual colour missile warning systems on the flight line as a routine test or before take-off as well as in the laboratory. It contains two miniature IR radiation sources, which are modulated by a built-in microprocessor to a reliable simulation of the change in two bands of IR radiation emitted by any missile engine. The simulation provides the IR signature of the missile from the time of its launch. Portable and compact, the MSS II weighs 2.6 kg including batteries and covers IR Band 1 (4.5 to 5 microns with cut on @ 4.4) and Band 2 (3.5 to 4.1 micron cut off @ 4.1). It can be positioned up to 3 m from IRCM sensors. CI Systems

MSS LRMissile Signal Simulator – Long Range (MSS-LR) is a compact hand-held and self-contained missile engine radiation plume simulator for testing missile-warning systems on the flight line or in the laboratory. The LR version is optimised for those systems that require testers to be used at a range greater than 3 m. This portable 3 kg system’s output covers the MWIR waveband and can be used at up to 30 m from the sensors it is testing. It can store up to four missile profiles at once and complete more than 500 operations per full battery charge, says the company. Because of the need to use it at longer ranges, the operator can sight it via a riflescope rather than the simple blade sights used on the shorter-range testers. CI Systems

MSS UVFeatures the same simplicity and robustness implemented in the IR MSS model with 4 user-loaded profiles and full field functionality, says CI Systems. Portable and compact, it weighs 2.6 kg with batteries and covers UV wavelengths in the 260 to 280 nm range. Using MSWindows™ compatible software, it can be loaded with up to four long- and short-duration profiles of up to 10 seconds and achieves a maximum optical output of more than 35 µWatt/m2 at 10 metres. CI Systems

NEMESIS MALLINAA combination of UV Mallina and the IR Beacon/Detector Module. A long-range stimulator for pilot training and doctrine and tactics analysis for MWS/DIRCM systems. DIRCM Mallina is compatible with ALQ-144, ALQ-157, ALQ-204 (Matador), AAQ-24 (Nemesis), and ALQ-212 (ATIRCM). It is manufactured as ruggedized MIL-specification equipment and is provided with software tools for threat re-programming and full remote operation. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

PICO-AMESA desktop electronic warfare (EW) environment simulator that utilizes the latest in software and electronic circuit design technology. It generates simulations of various multiple threat radar environments primarily for use in testing and evaluating EW systems. The system produces up to 64 complex emitters in increments of 16. Dynamic signal simulation capability allows the user to generate various combinations of static and/or dynamic platforms that emit pulse radars, pulse doppler (PD) radars, and continuous wave (CW) radars for an amplitude AOA system. The

Pico-AMES can be configured as part of a host system that employs a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) through the Ethernet interface. Features: graphical user interface; modular design; automated calibration; built-in test. Threat environment generation: up to 64 simultaneous, independent, user programmable complex emitters; dual beam, pulse-on-pulse, pulse-on-CW simulation; AOA amplitude simulation with up to 10 ports. Frequency coverage: 0.5-18.0 GHz (extended ranges available). RF modules are compatible and interchangeable with AMES II modules. Fast-tuning VCO sources are synthesized phase-locked. Operates alone or in a network via wireless LAN. VME open architecture is modular and expandable. Compatible with AMES II: databases are transportable, software is common and RF modules interchangeable. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems

PORTAbLE RADAR SIMULATOR (PRS)A self-contained and flexible radar simulator that tests electronic warfare systems. Operators use the PRS’s internal controls and displays or its remote terminal to configure and control its operation. An operator, using the remote terminal, can control operation up to 250 feet away. It can generate a variety of complex RF emitters/threats/signals and stimulate the system-under-test (SUT) via free-space radiation or direct-coupled RF. It can be used for closed loop testing by connecting the PRS to the aircraft’s MIL-STD-1553 BUS and measuring the SUT responses to the PRS generated emitters. EDO TSO’s Portable Radar Simulator is used at forward operating bases during operational deployments to support B-1B end of runway checks, threat-of-the-day mission changes, system maintenance. EDO Corporation (now part of ITT)

RADAR SIGNAL SIMULATOR RSS-1000/-2000/-2000S/-2500The RSS series is a family of light, compact, man-portable radar signal simulator and EW test units designed for flight-line operation. A single operator can perform a complete Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) or EW check of the entire system from antenna through cockpit display. MicroKim

» The Rohde & Schwarz FSU67 Spectrum Analyzer features high accuracy without unwanted products.


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RADAR SIGNAL SIMULATOR RSS-4000A light, compact, man-portable radar signal simulator and EW test unit designed for flight line and lab operation. A single operator can perform a complete radar warning receiver (RWR) or EW check of the entire system from antenna through cockpit display. The RSS-4000 can generate up to 1,000 simultaneous, complex radar emitter simulations. MicroKim

RADIATED DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL SIMULATOR (RDAS)SR has developed an angle of arrival (AOA) simulation test employing microprocessor-controlled electromechanical hardware, which duplicates the effect of electromagnetic signals impinging on the SUT. The AOA simulation uses a centroid technique measuring the field from four antennas arranged in a square (quad). This is identical to finding the mechanical CG. This approach offers several advantages over flight testing because there is no risk of accident or signal compromise, cost per run is much lower that flight test, and EM environment levels can be independently tailored to suit test requirements. Spectra’s approach uses a panel with 15 antennas and the associated hardware. This approach offers the advantages of simpler equipment, and the ability to simulate different signals. Spectra Research

REAL-TIME INFRARED/ELECTRO-OPTIC SCENE SIMULATOR (RISS)An IR/EO scene simulation system, providing a set of integrated products for development, test, and evaluation of infrared and electro-optic sensor systems. Software and high performance graphics hardware generate high-fidelity, real-time, reactive simulations for testing and evaluating systems in hardware-in-the-loop and man-in-the-loop configurations. Available software tools enable the user to develop radiometrically accurate databases and scenarios that include 3D objects, validated IR models, and user-defined gaming areas. RISS supports testing of IR missile approach warning (MAW), missile seeker, IR search-and-track (IRST), and forward-looking IR (FLIR) systems. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems

SIGNAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (SMS)Provides real-time RF monitoring and analysis for hardware-in-the-loop, installed system, and open-air range applications. It validates the test environment by verifying threat simulator signals, measures SUT (system-under-test) response to this environment in real-time, allows correlation of electronic countermeasures (ECM) with threat activity, and monitors test progress to indicate failures or anomalies. SMS allows post-test analysis of the test environment and SUT performance. The system operates in stand-alone mode or can be integrated with EW stimulators to enable shared use of databases and use of a common time base. It can be configured for laboratory, anechoic chamber, or free-space operation. Northrop Grumman Amherst Systems

SMART bREECH PLATE ADAPTER (V2)The SBPA-V2 is an Advanced Flight-Line Tester for present and next generation Electronic Countermeasures Dispensing Systems such as ADDS, ACDS, ALE-45, ALE-47 and M130. It can substitute existing flight-line test equipment such as the ALM-176, ALM-177, M-130 tester and previous versions of SBPAs. The SBPA is an effective tester, improving aircraft readiness by performing fast and reliable flight line safety and functional checks. It also shortens the dispensing system maintenance cycle. bAE Systems Rokar

SOLENTFlight line IR jammer test set to provide maximum confidence to aircrew that an IR jammer is transmitting correctly. The test set will confirm that the correct jamming code has been selected and the intensity of the jamming signal. Solent has been successfully tested with ALQ-144, ALQ-157, MIRTS and Challenger. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

SUPER MEOSDeveloped as a medium-range, end-to-end, stimulator for DT&E and OT&E for MWS/DIRCM systems. It was initially developed for the ATIRCM/CMWS JPO. The system adopts the original DIRCM MEOS systems with an additional significantly increased IR beacon unit and improved ergonomic user interface. Super MEOS has a maximum standoff range in excess of 3 km. Super MEOS is not supplied as ruggedized MIL-specification equipment. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

UV bARINGA 5Developed as a confidence flight line test set and Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL) tool for stimulating UV Missile Warning systems (MWS). UV Baringa 5 is compatible with AAR-47, AAR-54, AAR-57 (CMWS), AAR-60 (MILDS), and MWS-200. It is man-portable, battery-powered and is manufactured as ruggedized MIL-specification equipment. UV Baringa 5 can be provided with software tools for threat re-programming and full remote operation. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

UV MALLINAA long-range stimulator for pilot training and doctrine and tactics analysis for UV MWS systems. UV Mallina is compatible with AAR-47, AAR-54, AAR-57 (CMWS), AAR-60 (MILDS), and MWS-200. It has a maximum standoff range in excess of 5 km (dependent upon warner sensitivity and atmospheric conditions). The stimulator is manufactured as ruggedized MIL-specification equipment and is modular in design for compatibility with IR Mallina and other DIRCM Mallina units. ESL Defence (a division of the AAI Corporation, part of Textron)

dirEctory GUIDE TO SUPPLIERS







the editor.

This section lists companies involved in the air, land and sea sectors of the electronic warfare and countermeasures industry.

Entries include:

± Company name

± Address

± Telephone and fax numbers

± Email addresses

± Website urls

± Contact names

± Company activity

The Product Guide on page 142 lists all companies by industry sector.

To update an entry or submit information for publication in the next handbook or online directory, go to www.shephard.info/hbr.htm and complete the electronic registration form. Alternatively, fax Mohan Sadasivan on +44 (1628) 669789 or send an email to [email protected] specifying Electronic Warfare Handbook as the subject.

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Electronic Warfare 2008

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