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[He]2s22p1

What is boron?

[Ar]4s2

What is calcium?

[Ar]4s23d8

What is nickel?

[Ne]3s23p4

What is sulfur?

[Ar]4s13d10

What is copper?

It has 6 members in each period.

What is the p group?

It has 14 members in each period.

What is the f block?

This block represents the spherical orbital.

What is the s block?

The d block

What is the block that contains the transition elements?

The s and p blocks

What are the representative elements?

Stated that it is impossible to determine the velocity and the position of a moving charge

Who is Werner Heisenberg?

Wrote mathematical equations to describe electron positions inside the electron cloud

Who is Schrodinger?

Observed and explained the photoelectric effect

Who is Albert Einstein?

Determined an equation to find the wavelength of visible objects traveling less than the speed of light

Who is Louis deBroglie?

Stated the relationship between energy of a photon and its frequency

Who is Max Planck?

States that electrons will fill the lower energy levels first

What is the Aufbau principle?

States that electrons will enter orbitals so that each orbital has one electron before pairing begins

What is Hund’s rule?

States that no two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers so electrons enter orbitals having opposite spins.

What is the Pauli exclusion principle?

The position and velocity of a moving charge cannot be simultaneously known.

What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

The photoelectric effect and the bright line spectrum

What are the two behaviors that convince us that light has a particle nature?

The lowest energy state for an electron

What the ground state?

Horizontal rows

What are periods?

Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon

What are the noble gases?

Diagram using arrows to represent electrons in energy levels.

What is an orbital diagram?

The way of writing electron distribution using letters and numbers

What is the electron configuration?

The shorthand way of writing electron configuration using noble gas symbols

What is core or noble gas configuration?

ns2np6

What is the valence shell configurationfor group 18?

The name for electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.

What is valence electrons?

E = hf

What is Planck’s equation?

When electrons are not in their lowest energy state

What is the excited state?