Electromagentic Phenomena Associated with...

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Electromagentic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes Masashi Hayakawa Abstract There have been accumulated a lot of evidences on the presences of electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes. This report reviews these seismo-electromagnetic phenomena taking place not only in the lithosphere, but also in the atmosphere and ionosphere. Observational results and also theoretical hypotheses are presented, and we finally suggest the importance of a new science field, “Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphre coupling”. 1

Transcript of Electromagentic Phenomena Associated with...

Page 1: Electromagentic Phenomena Associated with …jjy-lock.world.coocan.jp/bunken001_(Dr.hayakawa).pdfAbstract There have been accumulated a lot of evidences on the presences of electromagnetic

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Electromagentic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes

Masashi Hayakawa

Abstract

There have been accumulated a lot of evidences on the presences of electromagnetic phenomena

associated with earthquakes. This report reviews these seismo-electromagnetic phenomena

taking place not only in the lithosphere, but also in the atmosphere and ionosphere.

Observational results and also theoretical hypotheses are presented, and we finally suggest the

importance of a new science field, “Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphre coupling”.

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Page 2: Electromagentic Phenomena Associated with …jjy-lock.world.coocan.jp/bunken001_(Dr.hayakawa).pdfAbstract There have been accumulated a lot of evidences on the presences of electromagnetic

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Table 1 Classification of observation methods of seismo - electromagnetic phenomena

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Fig.1 Temporal evolution of LF radio noise (81kHz) associated with an earthquake.

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Page 3: Electromagentic Phenomena Associated with …jjy-lock.world.coocan.jp/bunken001_(Dr.hayakawa).pdfAbstract There have been accumulated a lot of evidences on the presences of electromagnetic

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Table 2 Summary of ULF emissions accosicated with large earthquakes.

�� �� 66 66SIKJIKJIKJIKJMLLLLTN�PRQ�CN�PRQ�CN�PRQ�CN�PRQ�C¿DGF DGFDGFDGF�U�M U�MU�MU�MV8°��� 8°���8°���8°���T:<;:<;:<;:<;M MMM3N*ON*ON*ON*OFig.2 Temporal evolution of ULF emissions (0.01Hz) for the Loma-Prieta earthquake.

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Fig.3 Temporal evolution of ULF activity and geomagnetic activity for the Guam earthquake.

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Fig. 4 Temporal evolution of ULF polarization (Z/H)

(at 0.01Hz)for the Guam earthquake.

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Fig. 5 Result of wave observation over Japan. An upward arrow indicates the position of the

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Fig.6 Relationship between the earthquake time and observationtime of anomalous radio

emissions.

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ÑÑ ÑѦ¥¥¥¥¨§�©�Ô1Ö§�©�Ô1Ö§�©�Ô1Ö§�©�Ô1Ö .. ..�ªªªª;...._$�& '$�& '$�& '$�& 'h)�+*« )�+*«)�+*«)�+*« << <<�¬-­¬-­¬-­¬-­;B BBB¯®®®® 0�+s°0�+s°0�+s°0�+s° << <<²±�³±�³±�³±�³�B BBB�....�´�µc¶3·´�µc¶3·´�µc¶3·´�µc¶3· << << ìì ìì BB BB5®®®®M±�³±�³±�³±�³�¸�. ¸�.¸�.¸�.´*¹´*¹´*¹´*¹U. ...�º�»º�»º�»º�» <½¼�B<½¼�B<½¼�B<½¼�B

Fig. 8 (a) Relative location of VLF transmitter (at Tsushima) and a receiving point (Inubo).

The epicenter is givin by a cross. (b) Sequential plot of the diurnal variation of phase

at Inubo. Seismic effect appears as significant changes in terminator times.

11

Page 12: Electromagentic Phenomena Associated with …jjy-lock.world.coocan.jp/bunken001_(Dr.hayakawa).pdfAbstract There have been accumulated a lot of evidences on the presences of electromagnetic

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Fig. 9 Network of VLF receivers in Japan (7 observing stations). At each station we observe

3 VLF transmitters (from China, Hawaii and Australia) and 1 LF transmitter (JJY).

É�"É�"É�"É�"ËÊÌÊÌÊÌÊ̯ÍÍÍÍDÎÎ ÎÎ $#Ï�'$#Ï�'$#Ï�'$#Ï�'�- - --U.. ..z07+07+07+07+Ð�Ñ3Ò ��¸7|k³Gvz¨�©;¦z«-� öÆÓ j FF�+ª�Ã;¢�Ô-Õ¶ö`�3Nê3|¡Ì1{ä���� ö�¢�ÃFr�v�p

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ùù ùùûú�üú�üú�üú�üþý�ÿý�ÿý�ÿý�ÿ�� �������4ÿ���4ÿ���4ÿ���4ÿ�� ������� ÿ�� ������ ÿ�� ������ ÿ�� ������ ÿ�� ����� �������ù����ù����ù����ùFig.10 Schematic illustration of possible channels of the lithosphere – atmosphere –

ionosphere coupling.

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