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Electrical safety in Photovoltaic Systems Types of system Requirements in the standards Protection against electric shock PV generator earthing Inverters Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin

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2 Key-Account OEM Personal:Holger Potdevin Technical Data: Age:45 Family:Martina my wife and 2 sons Jonas(17), Nils(8) Profession:Dipl.-Ing. Electronics Personal record:1991-1992 Development dep. BENDER 1992-1994 Region sales Hamburg/SH 1994-1996 Inside sales group north 1996-2000 Product manager hospital-market 2000 Sales leader ESB 2000-2009 SCHROFF GmbH Sales-office Hessen 2009- Back at home BENDER Key-Account

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 3 The future of the supply of electrical power The efficient, appropriate usage of nature's resources is the objective of all operators, independent of whether with solar, wind, water or biogas installations. Bender provides reliable solutions proven worldwide to Detect possible electrical hazards at an early stage Ensure the safety of personnel and installations Immediately detect critical operating states and installation states Reduce risks of failure and service interruptions to a minimum Ensure high installation availability by means of preventive action Efficiently manage installation data.

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Wind-Power-Generators: Default Frequency Windenergie Report Deutschland 2008, by ISET Kassel

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Wind-Power-Generators: Monitoring Solutions 1-Insulation Monitoring in main circuit 2-Insulation Monitoring in control circuits 3-RCM in yaw-drive 4-RCM in pitch-drive 5-voltage/frequncy monitoring 6-communications

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 6 The future of the supply of electrical power Source: Prof. Strunz, www.sense.tu-berlin.de

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 7 More yield and return for PV installations For a high return on a PV installation Lots of sunshine Good planning Protective measures compliant with the standards High quality components Thorough installation monitoring Safeguarding the predicted yield over the entire life of the installation requires: The necessary monitoring systems and safety features, compliant with the standards (e.g. insulation monitoring) Increased reliability by means of the early detection of impending faults The majority of the laws promoting the use of renewable energy are based on the subsidised sale of the energy generated Installation failures lead to direct losses of revenue (reduction in the funding quota and reduction in the return) Fault location: In case of a fault, appropriate equipment eases quick localisation and rectification

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 8 Basis PV systems from some W up to MW Voltages from 12 V up to 700 V and more Earthed and unearthed PV generators Earthed and unearthed module frames of the PV generators Inverters : -with 50/60 Hz transformers -Without transformers -RF transformer Insuring the electrical safety for -The general public -Specialists (e.g. electricians) -Emergency services personnel, e.g. fire brigade

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 9 Basic definitions according IEC 60364-7-712 / DIN VDE 0100-712

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Fire hazard in TN-Systems PV-Generators 1/2 The Bakersfield Fire, by Bill Brooks Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin

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Fire hazard in TN-Systems PV-Generators 2/2 The Bakersfield Fire, by Bill Brooks Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 12 Basic layout of a PV generator String inverters Central inverter Team technology Medium voltage application

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Overview ISOMETER PV TypisoPV485IRDH275(B)- 49335 IsoPV + AGH-PV-3 isoPV-boardisoPV-module monitoringungrounded/unearthed PV-systems peak-power 100 kWp 250 kWp 250 kWp 300 kWp 300kWp inverterinverter with galvanical separation voltageDC 01000 VDC 0650 VDC 01100 VDC 01000 VDC 01500 V max. leakage capacitance C e 100 F 999 F 2000 F 350 F 2000 F response value10 k (fix)1 k 10 M0,2100 k1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 k 200 1 M

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isoPV485 improved IR488 up to 1000VDC up to 100F leakage capacitance fixed response value (10k) internal resistance 200k supply 12 - 72 VDC new front design SOP: November 2011

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 15 Insulation monitoring device A-ISOMETER iso-PV 3 A-ISOMETER iso-PV 3 universal insulation monitoring device for un-earthed systems (IT systems) AC, AC / DC 0 793 V, DC 0 1100 V - in conjunction with coupling unit AGH-PV3 Optimal adaptation to the installation structure due to two separately adjustable tripping values (0.2 k 100 k) for pre-warning / main alarm Precise measurement of the insulation resistance in all operating conditions such as voltage fluctuations / high system leakage capacitances (up to 2000 uF) - using patented AMPplus measurement technique Time-saving parameter setting due to modifiable installation profiles Immediate information on device setting and system leakage capacitance via information button Flexible signals due to 2 separate alarm relays Ideal for installations with several inverters operated in a team A-ISOMETER iso-PV 3 Coupling unit AGH-PV-3

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 16 Insulation monitoring device A-ISOMETER iso-PV 3 One service interruption per hour costs approx. 8 % of the yield (KACO) With IT system no service interruption on 1st fault Increased fire safety Insulation faults that occur are detected and signalled at an early stage Increased protection of personnel Only DC on PV modules, small AC ripple Your advantages with an un-earthed power supply (IT system) The PV system has a high level of availability = high yield Insulation fault location in operation Shut down of the installation not necessary = high yield Time and personnel significantly reduced Localisation of the insulation fault down to the PV module

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 17 Insulation monitoring device A-ISOMETER iso-PV 3 in applications operated in a team

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isoPV-board pcb supply 9 40V DC connectors 2 galv. separated outputs (PWM + Ok) galv. separated RS485-Interface mounting spots/DIN-rail clamps universal measuring-module 2 LED (Ok, Alarm) button (Test, Reset) potentiometer for response value low-ohmic coupling hybrid (240 kOhm) size pcb: 171 x 84 mm size total: 175 x 90mm completely casted up to 350F leakage capacities up to 1000V DC SOP: HMI 2012

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isoPV-Modul (SMA): Layout

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isoPV-Modul (SMA): Technical Details Features: Insulation Monitoring for large PV-plants two response values (200..1M) automatical adjustment (learn) integrated PGH 50 mA integrated RCM connection monitoring self-test separated outputs for insulation-fault, system-fault, RCM-fault CAN, RS485, USB interfaces SD-card-slot (data-logging) DC 1500 V internal resistance of 50 k leakage capacities of up to 2000 F SOP: Q1 2012

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Erthfault detected but where? Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 22 Insulation fault location on the PV modules Arrow marking on the probes In PV systems it is normally difficult to enclose both conductors with the probe To eliminate the effect of the load current on the individual conductors, 2 probes are used

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 23 Insulation fault location system EDS Test device PGH473 Insulation fault evaluator EDS460-DG Portable evaluation system EDS 190 Measuring current transformer series W .. Your advantages More operational continuity and as a result significantly more yield Recommendation for PV installations 100 kWp in accordance with UTE Quick localisation of the insulation fault while live = no shut down necessary Precise fault location - significantly less time required compared to "inspecting the area"

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RCMB100 Function Universal AC/DC current sensitive differential current monitoring module type B Effective value measurement (AC + DC) Frequency range 0500 Hz Connection monitoring for the measuring current transformer The effective value of the DC components in the differential current and the AC components under the limit frequency is formed and provided as a DC voltage proportional to the differential current on the module output (X1). Exceeding the measuring range is also signalled via a switched output (X12). In addition, the control input (X10) is polled. Depending on the HIGH / LOW level sequence, the RCMB100 is reset with / without subsequent

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Starting procedure of transformerless String-inverters Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin IFIF ICIC II 1- und 3-phasige transformatorlose Wechselrichter PIKO 3.0.. 10.1

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VMD424 fits new requirements medium voltage guidelines, German public utilities frequency response values adjustable within 0,05-Hz range SOP: KW 38 2011

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NA-Schutz (grid-/plant-protection) according to VDE-AR-N 4105 up to now: -DIN V VDE V 0126-1-1, TAB, Niederspannungsrichtlinie, etc. VMD423 from 01.01.2012: VDE-AR-N 4105: additional requirements functional safety history for alarms with timestamp new frequency response values integrated and central grid-/plant-protection VMD4105

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 28 BENDER PV Solutions TypeRCM100BIR488IRDH275(B)- 49335 IsoPV + AGH-PV-3 EDS473+ PGH471 VMD422 MonitoringResidual Current earthed system Insulation resistance unearthed system (IT system) Insulation fault location IT system Voltage, frequency asymetry PV-System typical 30 kWp 250 kWp 250 kWp 100 kWp 30 kWp Type of inverterwithout transformer Inverter with built-in transformer or external (MV) Transformer Interface to public low voltage grid Nominal voltageDC 01000 V DC 0650 V DC 01100 V DC 20960 V 3(N)AC 0-500 V Max. Leakage capacitance 30 uF 999 uF 2000 uF 500 uF Response value Measuring range AC/DC 0500 mA 30 k1k 10 M 0,2100 k 5 mA (10 k)

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Bender Germany www.bender-de.com F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner Nr. 29 Thank you for your attention! Dipl.-Ing. W. Bender GmbH & Co.KG Londorfer Strae 65 35305 Grnberg Germany www.bender-de.com Phone+49 (0) 6401 807-280 Fax+49 (0) 6401 807-279 E-mailexport@bender-de.com Internet: http://www.bender-regenerative.com Copyright Pictures: www.fotolia.de, www.pixelio.de, www.sma.de, www.fronius.de, Bender Archiv Subject to change without notice - Dipl.-Ing W. Bender GmbH & Co.KG, Germany The presentation and illustrations included are protected by copyright. Duplication, translation, microfilming and storage in electronic systems, especially for commercial purposes, are not permitted without the publisher's consent. We do not provide any guarantee or accept any liability for incorrect or omitted entries. All data are based on manufacturers' information. All logos and product names are registered trade marks of the related manufacturer.