PRESENTED BY:- AWADHESH KUMAR

RF based transformer temperature monitoring system

INTRODUCTION

Project dealing with monitoring through RF and data log on the PC at remote location

Has proper interface on temperature sensor according to the need. The temperature variation is monitored with proper resolution. The system consists of a temperature sensor, Advance controller

microcontroller ATMEGA168,RF modules, UART communication (controller and PC)and the LCD.

This all system will be interfaced together to design the complete module

The temperature level is continuously monitored by the microcontroller. The controller gives proper output to control the LCD and UART

communication between controller and PC

PROJECT SCOPE Understanding of monitoring systems Understanding temperature sensor and its interface Understanding of LCD interfacing. Understanding of ‘Embedded system’ Understanding the use of Microcontroller and programming in C

language. Understanding UART communication and programming Understanding RF and interface. PCB designing and Circuit designing. PCB development, Component mounting and soldering. Testing of the circuit.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

INTERFACE

CONTROLLERATMEGA168 RF transmitter

16x2 LCDPOWER SUPPLY

RF RECEIVERCONTROLLERATMEGA168

UART INTERFACE TO

PC

WORKING IN BRIEF

1. The temperature sensor will continuously monitor the temperature of the transformer

2. The temperature sensor will be connected to the controller to give the signal to detect the temperature

3. The temperature will be displayed on the LCD connected to the controller

4. This temperature value will be transferred over the RF channel to the remote location.

5. The receiver will receive the value which is sent through the microcontroller to the PC.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM(TRANSMITTER)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM(RECEIVER)

PCB DESIGNING

Steps of PCB designing PROCESSING CLEANSING PRINTING ETCHING DRILLING COMPONENT MOUNTING SOLDERING MASKING

COMPONENTS

DS18B20 temperature sensor LCD MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA 168 BRIDGE RECTIFIRE 7805 IC CAPACITORS, RESISTORS, OSCILLATORS RF transmitter and receiver

DS18B20 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The DS18B20 digital thermometer provides 9-bit to 12-bit Celsius temperature measurements.

The DS18B20 communicates over a 1-Wire bus that by definition requires only one data line (and ground) for communication with a central microcontroller.

Each DS18B20 has a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows multiple DS18B20s to function on the same 1-Wire bus

Converts Temperature to 12-Bit Digital Word in 750ms (Max)

LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

Is an electronic display module. 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly

used in various devices and circuits. 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there

are 2 such lines. Has two registers namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on

the LCD.

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LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

Need only 6 pins to interface an LCD. D4-D7 is the data pins connection and Enable and Register

select are for LCD control pins. We are not using Read/Write (RW) Pin of the LCD, as we are only writing on the LCD so we have made it grounded permanently. If you want to use it, then you may connect it on your controller but that will only increase another pin and does not make any big difference. Potentiometer RV1 is used to control the LCD contrast. The unwanted data pins of LCD i.e. D0-D3 are connected to ground

MICROCONTROLLER

Mini computer with necessary support chips on-board. Designed to perform applications where the relationship of

input and output is defined With advancement various features have been included in

the micro-controllers Three main building blocks – system should have to perform

any task. • A processing unit (CPU)• I/O PORTS for interaction with user or physical environment• Memory elements (RAM/ROM/Flash/EEPROM)

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ATMEGA168

This is digital as well as analog controller . This controller can handle input /output of following type.

4K/8K/16K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities

256/512/512 bytes EEPROM, 512/1K/1K bytes SRAM

INPUT OUTPUTDigital input Digital outputAnalog input Analog outputDigital input Analog outputAnalog input Digital output

ATMEGA168

23 general purpose I/O lines A 6-channel 10-bit ADC (analog input) 6 output PWM channels(analog output) A serial programmable USART This allows very fast start-up combined with low power

consumption

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ATMEGA168

Pin mapping: It is 28 pin DIP IC Requires 16 MHz crystal oscillator AREF is to adjust resolution for analog monitoring Other pins are configured as per the need of circuit interface

7805 VOLTAGE REGULATORS

A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level

Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed voltage (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages

For ICs within the 78xx family, the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage (for example, the 7805 has a 5 volt output, while the 7812 produces 12 volts)

DIODE BRIDGE

A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more) diodes in a bridge circuit configuration that provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of input

When used in its most common application, for conversion of an alternating current (AC) input into a direct current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier

CAPACITORS

To store electricity, or electrical energy. Also functions as filter, passing AC, and blocking DC. Apply DC voltage- electric charge is stored on each electrode. Three types of capacitor i.e. ceramic capacitor & electrolytic

capacitor and variable. Polarized capacitors - Electrolytic Un-Polarized capacitors – ceramic Variable capacitors

RESISTOR

A resistor is a device found in circuits that has a certain amount of resistance. Why would you ever want to add resistance to a circuit by using a resistor?

The most common reason is that we need to be able to adjust the current flowing through a particular part of the circuit.

If voltage is constant, then we can change the resistor to change the current. I=V /R If “V” is constant and we change “R”, “I” will be different.

So for a constant voltage it limits the current

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces electrical oscillations at a particular designed frequency determined by the physical characteristics of one or more crystals, generally of quartz, positioned in the circuit feedback loop

A piezoelectric effect causes a crystal such as quartz to vibrate and resonate at a particular frequency

RF TX

434 MHz or 315 MHz Transmitter Operation 500 Ft. Range - Dependent on Transmitter Power Supply 2400 or 4800bps transfer rate Low cost Extremely small and light weight

RF RX

434 MHz or 315 MHz Operation 500 Ft. Range - Dependent on Transmitter Power Supply 4800 bps transfer rate Low cost Extremely small and light weight

ARDUINO COMPILER FOR PROGRAMMING

The Arduino programming language is an implementation of Wiring, a similar physical computing platform, which is based on the Processing multimedia programming environment.

Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs.

Arduino hardware is programmed using a Wiring-based language (syntax and libraries), similar to C++ with some slight simplifications and modifications, and a Processing-based integrated development environment

The Arduino IDE comes with a C/C++ library although users only need define two functions to make a run-able program:

ARDUINO COMPILER

setup () – a function run once at the start of a program that can initialize settings

loop() – a function called repeatedly until the board powers off The Arduino development environment contains a text

editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions, and a series of menus.

Software written using Arduino is called sketches. It has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text.