Electoral System
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Transcript of Electoral System
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Electoral System
• How politicians are elected into office.
Electoral Systems1. First-Past-The-Post
2. Proportional Representation3. Mixed Member Proportional System
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1. First-Past-The-Post (FPTP)
• United States/ Britain/Nigeria/Iran
• Single-member districts (SMD)
• Plurality/winner-takes-all system – (more than other
candidates)
• Problems with FPTP?
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Problems with FPTP?
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2. Proportional Representation (PR)
• Russia• Multi-member districts
• https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/howprwor.htm
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2. Proportional Representation (PR)
• Russia• Multi-member districts• Seats are divided among parties based on proportion of
vote received.• Threshold
• PARTY LIST• Closed List– – Parties order the list of candidates.
• Open List—– Voters order the list of candidates.
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Proportional Representation (PR)(EU elections in UK– closed list)
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Proportional Representation(Open List)
• https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/howprwor.htm
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3. Mixed Member Proportional System (MMP)
• Mexico• Some members of legislature are elected by
single-member FPTP.• Some members elected by a proportional
system.
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Mixed Member Proportional System
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Mexico’s Electoral System
MIXED MEMBER PROPORTIONAL VOTING
(MMP)
• 1964: Proportional introduced
• Chamber of Deputies (500 seats)– 300 SMD (FPTP)– 200 Proportional
PARTY NUMBER OF SEATS
PRI 241PAN 147PRD 72
Green 17Labour 9
New Alliance 8Convergence 6
CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES: 2009
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• https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/howprwor.htm
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• https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/howprwor.htm
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Alternative Vote
• British Referendum (2011)• FPTP: single-member districts• Rank your candidates• If no first preference gets a majority, second
preference of least popular candidate gets redistributed.
• Repeat until FPTP
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Party Systems
• The set of significant political parties in a country, and their interactions.
Party Systems1. Single Party System
2. Single-Party Dominant System3. Two Party System4. Multiparty System
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Party Systems
Single Party System• One party with dictatorial
power.• Position of power usually
guaranteed in Constitution.• Political opposition is
heavily restricted our outlawed.
Single-Party Dominant System• One party controls political
power for a long time.• Other parties are tolerated.• Few, if any, legal
impediments to other parties.
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Party Systems
Two Party System• Two parties dominate.• Others may exist, but have
no real political importance.
Emanate from what type of Electoral System?
FPTP
Multiparty System• More than two parties have
an impact on political life.• Often leads to coalition
governments.
Type of Electoral System?PR & MMP