e"ldsf - dccmorang.gov.npdccmorang.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Morang-PDDP-Final-2073.docx ·...

v08 Ps cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cf=j=@)&#÷)&$—

@)&&÷)&*_

!=! e"ldsf:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% sf] sfof{Gjogsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf

lhNnfsf] ;du| cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfng, ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf ljsf; / :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu k|;:t k|of;x? eP . of] cjlwdf df]/ª lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] pknJw ;|f]tsf] clwstd pkof]u ub}{ hg;xeflutf dfkm{t ljsf; k|s[ofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ of]hgf th'{df tyf ;+rfngdf lglZrt k4ltsf] ljsf; ug{ w]/} xb ;Dd ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

klxnf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf —cflhljof] -@)%(÷)^) b]lv @)^#÷)^$_ n] vf; u/]/ ;d'bfo :t/df lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf; ;Defjgf / ;d'bfosf] Ifdtfaf/] ax; rnfO{ cl;ldt cfsf+IffnfO{ k|fyldtfsf ;fy qmlds ?kdf k'/f ub}{ hfg] k/Dk/fsf] yfngL u/]sf] lyof] . t/, :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] k|Tofe'lt;Fu k|ToIf ?kdf ufFl;Psf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] e'ldsfnfO{ gofF ;+/rgfdf Joj:yf ug]{ egL yfFtL /fVbf ;'zf;g k|ltsf] /fli6«o lhDd]jf/L af/] hg:t/df cGof]n l;h{gf ub{5 . pko"{Qm oyfy{tfnfO{ dgg ul/ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] bkmf !(% sf] k|fjwfg cGtu{t lhlj;n] cfkm\gf] lhNnfsf] cfjlws / jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{ bfloTjnfO{ hgtfsf] j[xQt/ lxtsf nflu / P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePsf k|fjwfgx? / cflhljof] th'{df lgb]{lzsfdf Joj:yf ePsf k|s[ofx?nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ agfP/ df]/ª lhNnfsf] bf];|f] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -@)&#÷)&$–@)&&÷)&*_ th'{df ul/Psf] xf] .

of] cfjlws of]hgf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] dfq of]hgf geO{ ;du| lhNnfsf] /0fg}lts of]hgf xf] . o; of]hgfn] lhNnfleqsf tyf lhNnf ljsf;sf cGo ;fem]bf/ lgsfox? / ;Dk"0f{ laifout If]q tyf lgsfox?nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf NofO{ PsLs[t lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf ?kdf k|:t't ug'{kg]{ cj;/ / r'gf}lt /x]sf] 5 . !=@ p2]Zos_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL @)%^

åf/f lhlj;sf nflu Jojl:yt sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug{ lhlj;n] lhNnfsf] cfjlws ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug]{,

v_ lhNnfsf] lb3{sflng ;f]rcg'?k ljsf; nIo k|fKt ug{ lb3{sflng ;f]r cg'?k of]hgfsf] th'{df ug]{, /

u_ ljsf;sf] p2]Zo lnPsf] cflhljof] cGt{ut cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, jg tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg, / ;+:yfut ljsf; h:tf ljifout If]qx? / tbg'?k nIo, p2]Zo, glthf, /0fgLlt, sfo{qmdx?, ah]6 lgwf{/0f tyf ;xeflutfd'ns of]hgf tyf nufgL sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ .

-1-

!=# sfo{ kl/lwpNn]lvt p2]Zox?n] cflhljof]sf] k|d'v kIfx?nfO{ lgDg sfo{ kl/lwåf/f phfu/ ul/Psf]] 5 M

lhNnf kl/ifb -lj=;+= @)&)_ n] cflhljof]sf] tof/L ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] . lb3{sfnLg ;f]rsf ;fy} ;|f]t ;Defjgf / ljsf;nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug{ ;Sg] cu|0fL

If]qsf] klxrfg, / cGtlg{lxt cj;/, ;d:of tyf r'gf}ltsf] klxrfg tyf ljZn]if0f ug]{ .

lb3{sfnLg ljsf; of]hgfsf] th'{df ubf{ eljiosf] ef}lts :j?k, e"–pkof]u, jhf/ If]qx?sf] la:tf/ / jftfj/0fLo ;+j]bgzLn If]qx?, ef}lts k"jf{wf/x? ;dfj]z ug]{ .

…ts{a4 k|0ffnLÚ (Logical Framework Technique)ljlw ckgfO{ ljifout nIf, p2]Zo k|ltkmn, ;"rsx?, k':6\FofO{sf cfwf/x?, dfGotfx?x?, sfo{qmdsf] klxrfg ug]{ .

of]hgf sfof{Gjog, cg'udg d"Nof+sgsf kIfx?sf] pNn]v ug]{ . sfo{of]hgf / /0fgLlts of]hgfx? -ko{6g u'?of]hgf, k|fs[lts k|sf]k

Joj:yfkg, jfnd}qL of]hgf, pBd ljsf; of]hgf, Pr=cfO= le=P8\; cflb_ nfO{ cfa4 (Align) ub}{ n}hfg] .

cfo >f]tsf] jf:tljs w/ftnnfO{ b[li6uf]r/ u/L nufgL of]hgf k|:tfj ug]{ .!=$ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] cf}lrTo / cfjZostf

cflhljof], d"ntM lglb{i6 nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu ug'{kg]{ sfo{x¿ af/] lj:t[t ¿kn] hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg(Elaboration of Instructions)xf] . o:tf] lgb]{zg ljutdf ul/Psf sfo{x¿sf] cg'ejaf6 k|fKt 1fg / ;"rgf(empirical information)tyf To;sf] Jojl:yt JofVof(Systematic Reasoning)af6 l;h{gf ul/Psf] x'G5 . o:fsf cnfjf, cflhljof]n]] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] ljifonfO{ ljsf; k|sif{0f (Development Thrust)sf k|d'v If]qx¿df ;dfj]; u/]sf] 5 . o;df :yfgLo lgsfosf ¿kdf ljsf; x'Fb} cfPsf :yfgLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;Ifd, :jfoQ / :yfgLo ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo hgtfk|lt k"0f{ pQ/bfoL t'Nofpg] s'/f pNn]lvt 5 .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% / lgodfjnL, @)%^ n] Joj:yf u/]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf cg'?k ljsf; k|s[ofnfO{ ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfd"ns agfpg lhNnfsf nlIft ju{sf ?kdf /x]sf dlxnf, blnt, hghftL, lk58f ju{, ckfFutf ePsf JolQm, ;d'bfo, o'jf, jfnjflnsfsf k|ltlglwx?÷ jfnSnj÷;~hfnx?nfO{ ;d]tnfO{ lg0f{o k|s[ofdf ;dfj]z u/fpg, lhNnfsf ;jfnx?, cj;/, ;Defjgf, cfbLsf] klxrfg ul/ pko"Qm dfu{lrq tof/ ug{, lhNnfsf cGo /0fgLlts of]hgfx? / jflif{s of]hgfx?sf] ljrdf tfbfDotf jgfO{ jflif{s of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog tyf pknlJwnfO{ c+em j9L k|efjsf/L jgfpg cflhljof]sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .!=% cWoog ljlw

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] d"n cfwf/sf] ?kdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] tof/ u/L ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] @)&@ df kl/dfh{g u/]sf] lgb]{lzsfnfO{ lnOPsf] lyof] . o; cg';f/ tYof+s ;+sng, ljZn]if0f / of]hgf th'{df u/L # r/0f cGtu{t of]hgf th{'df k|lqmof cg'z/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

-2-

-s_ tof/L sfo{ o; r/0fdf tYof+s ;+sng r]slni6 tyf km/Dof6sf] ljsf; ug'{sf ;fy}

tYof+s ;+sng / j:t'ut ljj/0fsf tof/L sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L, o;} r/0fdf ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, /fhgLlts bnx? / lhlj;;Fu 5nkmn, k/fdz{ ug'{sf ;fy} tYof+sx?sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{sf cltl/Qm lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf nflu ljBdfg jfwf cj/f]w tyf ;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg ePsf]5 . -v_ k"j{—of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L

o; uf]i7Lsf] d"Vo p2]Zo lhNnf ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L cfjlws of]hgf tof/L ;DaGwL ;femf ;dembf/L l;h{gf ug'{ /x]sf] lyof] . o; uf]li7df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ cfjlws of]hgf ;DaGwL lj:t[t hfgsf/L, tof/L k|lqmof, tof/Ldf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf, cfjZos ;"rgfx?sf] cj:yf÷l:yltsf af/]df hfgsf/L k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} cfjlws of]hgf ;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy}, cfjlws of]hgf tof/L ug]{ l;nl;nfdf gLlt lgb]{z ug{ Pj+ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] lgb]{zg ;ldlt (Steering Committee) u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . of] sfo{ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt;+u ;dGjo u/L cfof]hgf ePsf] lyof] .-u_ of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L

ljleGg r/0fsf uf]li7 Pj+ 5nkmnaf6 lgl:sPsf pknlJwx?sf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt ljifout If]qsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfdf bf];|f] r/0fsf] # lbgsf] of]hgf -@)&@ h]i7 @), @! / @@ ut]_ th'{df uf]li7 ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] uf]i7Laf6 ;d:of klxrfg tyf ljZn]if0f, ;Defjgf ljZn]if0f, ljifout nuk|m]d, /0fgLlt Pj+ sfo{gLltx?, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6, cg'udg k|lqmof / lhDd]jf/L tfnLsf ;lxtsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf-cf=j= @)&#÷)&$ – @)&&÷)&*_ tof/ ePsf] 5 . -3_ clGtd uf]i7L

of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Lsf] a]nf ;dfj]z x'g g;s]sf jf of]hgfsf] k|f/lDes b:tfj]hdf ;dfj]z ePsf]df ;fdfGo ;'wf/ ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ s'/fx?nfO{:yfgLo ljsf; ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ug]{ p2]Zon] uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, :jtGq :yfgLo ljsf; tyf :jzf;g ljz]if1x? ;d]tsf] ;'emfjx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/ of]hgfnfO{ clGtd ?k lbOPsf] 5 . !=^ ;Ldfx?;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] pTk|]/0ff / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt df]/ªsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ k|:t't cflhljof] cfufdL kfFr jif{sf nfuL th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . h; cg';f/ of]hgfsf] z'? jif{ cf=j= @)&#÷)&$ / nlIft jif{ cf=j= @)&&÷)&* nfO{ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . tyfkL, of]hgf th'{dfsfl;nl;nfdf cfjZos kg]{ lålto ;|f]tsf(Secondry Source)tYofÍx? clwsf+z ljifout lgsfox?;+u rfn" cf=j= ;d]tsf] cBfjlws g/x]sf] x'+bf sltko cj:yfdf ljut jif{sf tYofÍx?nfO{ cfwf/ dflgPtf klg cflhljof]sf] cjlwdf cf=j= @)&@÷)&# nfO{ cfwf/ jif{ / cf=j=

-3-

@)&#÷)&$ nfO{ k|yd jif{sf] ?kdf to ul/Psf] 5 . eljiodf k|fKt x'g] gFof tYofÍx?n] dWofjlw tyf clGtd d"Nofs+g ug{nfO{ ;xof]u k'Øfpg]5g .

-4-

v08 b'O{k|yd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] ;dLIff tyf d"NofÍg@=! e"ldsf

ljsf; sfo{nfO{ :yfgLo :t/df ;+:yfut u/L bLuf] ljsf;s]f cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ / o;nfO{ ;xeflutfTds k|lqmof;+u cfj4 u/fpg] k|of; :j?k df]/ª lhNnfsf] k|yd cflhljof] -@)%(÷)^) b]lv @)^#÷)^$_ tof/ ePsf] lyof] pQm cflhljof]n] lhNnfn] rfx]sf] lglb{i6 lbzf (Desired Direction)tkm{ s] slt pknlJw xfl;n ug{ ;Sof] ;f]sf] jf/]df ;+lIfKt ;ldIff tyf d"Nof+sg ul/Psf] lyof] . tyflk, tYof+s tyf ;"rgf hfgsf/Lsf] ckof{Kttf, nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/fn Pj+ ;Lldttfsf] sf/0f of]hgf tyf sfo{s|dx?sf] ;ldIff tyf d"Nof+sgsf] pNn]vgLo k|efjsfl/tf gePsf] b]lvG5 .@=@ ;ldIffsf k|d'v ljifoa:t'x?

df]/ª lhNnf lasf; ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] k|yd cflhljof] -@)%(÷)^) b]lv @)^#÷)^$_ sf] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] sl/j !) jif{ x'g nfu]sf]t/ gof+ of]hgf th'{df ug{sf nfuL k|yd cflhljof]sf] ;ldIff cfjZos dx;'; ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] cfjlws of]hgf ;ldIffsfnfuL lgDgfg';f/sfljifoj:t'x? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyof]M• df]/ª lhNnfn] tof/ u/]sf] k|yd cflhljof]n] kl/nlIft u/]sf] lb3{sflng ;f]

+r . • k|yd cflhljof]n] to u/]sf lhNnf ljsf;sf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx?, p2]]Zox?, tyf

/0fgLltx? .• k|yd cflhljof]n] kl/nlIft u/]sf ;dli6ut nIf dfkgsf ;'rsx? .• ljifout nIf tyf sfo{qmdx? cg'dfg u/]sf]jh]6 Aoj:yf tyf of]hgf cjlwdf

xfl;n ug{ rfx]sf] ;'rsx?sf] ljBdfg cj:yf;+u To;sf] t'ngf . • of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ePsf ;sf/fTds kIf tyf sdL

sdhf]/Lx? .• of]hgf sfof{Gjosf] ;dodf cfO{ k/]sf ljleGg hf]lvd kIfx?n] k|ToIf jf k/f]If

?kdf kf/]sf] k|efj .• cGo yk ljljw hfgsf/Lx? .@=# d"Nof°g k|lsof, ;ldIff, ljwL / ;Ldfx?

@=#=! d"Nof+sg k|ls|ofk|yd cflhljof] -@)%(÷)^) b]lv @)^#÷)^$_ df]/ªsf] ;ldIff d"Nof+sg

lgDg k|ls|ofdf cfwfl/t lyof] .• clwNnf] r/0fdf tof/ ul/Psf] j:t'ut ljj/0f, lhlj; tyf lhNnfsf] j:t'ut l:ylt

ljifout sfof{no tyf cGo ;/sf/L, u};; tyf bft[ lgsfox?jf6 k|fKt ljj/0fnfO{ ;ldIffsf] k|d'v cfwf/ jgfO{Psf] .

• tYofs+ ljj/0fx? t'ngfTds ?kn] cWoog ug{ ljleGg 9f+rfsf km/Dof6x? tof/ u/L To; cg'?k ;"rgf ;+sng ul/Psf] .

-5-

• 5nkmn, cGt/lqmof, ;xeflutfd'ns uf]i7L, s]lx :ynut cWoog / ;/f]sf/ kIf;+u k|ZgfjnL ;a]{If0f k|ltkmn / lgisif{sf cfwf/df ;ldIff d'Nof+sg k|ltj]bg tof/ kfl/Psf] .

• ;xeflutfd'ns uf]i7L ;+rfng, 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof .• laleGg ;/sf/L sfof{nox?, u};; tyf bft[ lgsfox?af6 k|sflzt k|lta]bg /

a'n]l6gx?sf] ljZn]if0f . • jflif{s lhNnf ljsf; k|ltj]bgx?sf] cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f .@=#=@ ;ldIff d"Nof°gsf ;Ldf

;ldIff tyf d"Nof+sg ubf{ lgDg a'+bfx?n] cWoog k|s[ofnfO{ s]lx l;ldt agfPsf 5g\ .• lhNnfdf k|of]u ePsf] k|yd cflhlaof]sf s]lx tYof+s tyf ;"rsx? c:ki6 tyf

Ps csf{df tfnd]n gePsf] kfO{of] . • u}/ ;/sf/L tyf gLlh If]qjf6 k|ofKt ;"rgf k|fKt x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .• uf]i7Lsf ;xefuLx?df ljsf;;+u ;Dalwt sfof{no Pa+ ;+3;+:yfx?sf]

k"0f{ ;xeflutf x'g ;s]g .• ;ldIff tyf d"Nof+sg lhNnfsf] cfufdL of]hgf th'{df k|of]hgsf nflu j9L

s]lGb|t eof] .@=$ 5nkmn, ljZn]if0f, lgisif{ / ;'emfa

@=$=! lb3{sfnLg ;f]+rcflhljof] -)%(÷)^)—)^#÷^$_ n] to u/]sf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r æcfly{s

;fdflhs tyf kof{j/l0fo ?kdf ;d[4 lhNnf df]/ª .Æ o;sf nfuL ;d'x tyf lhNnfdf sfo{/t ljleGg ;+3;+:yf tyf ljsf;;+u k|ToIf ?kn] ;DjlGwt JolQmx?;+u ul/Psf] 5nkmnsf cfwf/df k|fKt lgrf]8sf] ljj/0f tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

k|yd cflhljof] -@)%(÷)^)—@)^#÷)^$_ n] lhNnfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r cfufdL % jif{ -@)^#÷)^$_ sf nfuL to u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] of]hgfn] cfufdL % jif{ ;Dd ;+rfng x'g] sfo{qmd tyf kl/rfng x'g] jh]6sf cfwf/df lhNnfsf] lb3{sfnLg ;f]+r k'/f x'g] nIo /fv]sf] lyof] . oBkL, df]/ª lhNnf ljsf; tyf cfly{s cj:yfsf] lx;fjn] k"lj{ If]qsf] ;d]t ljsf;sf] d]?b08sf / d"Vo åf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . tyflk, bL3{sfnLg ;f]+r xfl;n x'gsf nfuL nfdf] ;do nfUg] / ljutsf ljsf;sf k|of;x?df tfTsflng ;dodf åGåsf] k|efjn] k|yd cflhljof] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf cfpg g;s]sf] oyfy{tf ;fem]bf/x?n] JoQm u/]sf] kfO{of] . lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx?;+u 5nkmn dfkm{t ;+sng ul/Psf] ;"rgf tyf ;'emfjsf cfwf/df ;j} ;xefuLx?n] g} lhNnfsf] lb3{sfnLg ;f]rn] xfn ;Dd lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf;nfO{ k|ltlglwTj u/]tf klg k|ltkmn eg] ;fdfGo ?kdf dfq k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] eGg] hjfkm k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . @=$=@ lgb]{zs l;4fGt

lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;du| ljsf;sf nfuL tof/ ul/Psf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]rtkm{ lhNnfnfO{ pGd'v u/fpg / ljsf;sf] k|ltkmn :yfgLo:t/ ;Dd k'Øfpg / cfufdL % jif{sfnfuL lhNnfdf sfo{/t

-6-

ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x?nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿sf] cjnDjg ul/Psf] lyof] .

;'zf;g ;fem]bf/L tyf ;xsfo{

;Gt'lnt ljsf;

lbuf]kgf n}lus ;dtf ;+:yfut ljsf;laZn]if0fM;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] 5nkmn tyf jbln+bf] kl/j]z / cfufdL lbgx?df lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf;sfnfuL ;fem]bf/x? dfkm{t lnOPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ o;df yk ug'{kg]{ cfaZostfsf] dx;'; ul/of] . @=$=# lhNnf lasf;sf] nIo

lhNnf lasf;sf] nIo ædf]/ª lhNnfjf;Lsf] hLjg:t/df u'0ffTds ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g]5 .Æ, k|flKtsf nfuL to ul/Psf ;'rsx? kof{Kt lyP jf lyPgg\ eGg] ;Gbe{df ePsf] ;d'x 5nkmndf k|fKt ;'emfjx?sf] ljj/0f .laZn]if0fM;d'x 5nkmnsf]] lgisif{sf cfwf/df %) k|ltzt ;"rsx? kof{Kt ePsf] kfO{of] . @% k|ltzt ;"rsx?sf] dfkg ug{ sl7gfO{ /x\of] eg] jfFsL @% k|ltzt ;"rsx? tTsflng ;dodf ljgf ;"rgfsf cfwf/df to u/]sf] kfO{of] . @=$=$ lhNnf lasf;sf ;dli6ut p2]Zox?

k|yd cflhljof] -@)%(÷)^) b]lv @)^#÷)^$_ n] lgDgfg';f/sf ;dli6ut p2]Zox? k|fyldlss/0f cg';f/ to u/]sf] lyof] .;dli6ut p2]Zox? @)%(÷)^)

cfwf/jif{@)^#÷)^$

ck]Iff ul/Psf] cj:yf

xfnsf]

cj:yfdf]/ª lhNnfjf;Lsf] cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g]5 .

k|ltJolQm cfo ?= 10,000 14000 28948

df]/ª lhNnfjf;Lsf] ;fdflhs cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g]5 .

;/b/ cf}ift cfo" 69=6 aif{s'n ;fIf/tf 58=15 k|ltzthg;+Vof a[l$b/ 2=27 k|ltzt

73=47 aif{60 k|ltzt2=1 k|ltzt

80751=35

cflhljof] cjlwdf lhNnf leq ;+rflnt ljleGg sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx?n] dfly pNn]lvt lhNnf lasf;sf ;dli6ut p2]Zox?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ ;s] jf ;s]gg eGg] ;Gbe{df k|fKt ePsf] ;"rgfsf] ljj/0f tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .laZn]if0fM p2]Zo ! sf nfuL %) k|ltzt ;xefuLx?jf6 cf+l;s ?kdf ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]sf] k|ltlqmof k|fKt eof] eg] af+ls %) k|ltzt ;xefuLx?jf6 Go"g ?kdf dfq ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]sf] eGg] k|ltlqmof k|fKt eof] . p2]Zo @ df &% k|lt;t ;xefuLx?jf6 ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]sf] k|ltlqmof k|fKt eof] eg] jf+ls @% k|ltzt ;xefuLx?jf6 Go"g ?kdf dfq ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]sf] eGg] k|ltlqmof k|fKt eof] . pknJwL xfl;n x'gfsf sf/0fx?

-7-

mailto:-@)%25(.)%5E)

• of]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;'rf? /x]sf] .• ;+:yfut ljsf;sf ;fy} cfo cfh{gsf ultljlwx? ;+rfng ePsf . • ;ldIff tyf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ tkm{ cu|;/ ePsf] / kf/blz{tfdf hf]8 lbO{Psf]

.nIf cg';f/ pknlAw k|fKt ug{ g;lsg'sf sf/0fx?• k'jf{wf/sf] ljsf;df sld tyf lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf] sdL . • Joj;flos/0f tkm{ pGd'v x'g g;Sg' .• jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tkm{ k|ofKt Wofg glbO{g' / hg;+Vof a[l4df ltj|tf .• hgpQ/bfoL k|0ffnLsf] cefj tyf /fhlglts cl:y/tf / hgzlQmsf] sdL / Ifdtf

ljsf;df klg sld .

@=$=% lhNnf ljsf;sf k|d'v /0flgltx?k|yd cflhljof] -@)%(÷)^) b]lv @)^#÷)^$_ n] to u/]sf] lhNnf lasf;sf

k|d'v /0fgLltx? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf lyP .• ;fdflhs r]tgf j[l4 u/L ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfonfO{ ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt

ug{ lhNnfsf ;j} uflj;x?df qmdzM ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

• :yfgLo / lghL ;|f]tsf] klxrfg / cTolws kl/rfngdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . lhNnfdf lelqg] ;|f]t tyf ;+rfng x'g] kl/of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf kf/blz{tf ckgfOg]5 .

• uflj; / ;d'bfo:t/df ;+rfng x'g] sfo{qmdx? ljBdfg ;fd'bflos ;+:yf dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

• 7"nf cTofjZos kl/of]hgfx?sf nflu s]Gb|Lo / bft[ ;+:yfsf] ;|f]t cfslif{t ug{ k|of; ul/g] 5 .

• ljsf;sf nflu ;|f]t kl/rfng ubf{ efuj08fsf] cfwf/df gu/L k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ul/g]5 .

• ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ubf{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj dfly Wofg lbOg]5 .

• k5fl8 k/]sf hflt, hghflt / ju{ jLrsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs c;dfgtf 36fpg nlIft sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5g\ .

• ;/sf/L, lghL, ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, u};;x? tyf bft[ lgsfox?sf] ;fem]bf/L / ;xsfo{df ljsf; sfo{x? ;+rfng ul/g]5g\ .

• :yfgLo lgsfo, ljifout sfof{nox?, u};; / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?af6 cfDbfgL / vr{sf] kf/blz{tfsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f k4lt cjnDjg ul/g]5 .

• czQm, ckf+u, afnaflnsf, dlxnf tyf åGålk8Ltx?sf] k'g:yf{kgfsf lglDt ljz]if sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] tyf pQm sfo{qmdx?df qmlds ?kdf ;|f]t j[l4 ub}{ nlug]5 .

lgisif{ / ;'emfaMk|fKt ;"emfasf] cfwf/df cfufdL ;dodf th'{df ul/g] cNksflng tyf

lb3{sfnLg of]hgfx?df ljutsf /0flgltx?nfO{ l;sfO{sf] ?kdf ln+b} b]xfosf -8-

If]qut cfwf/df /0fgLltx? to ul/ cfufdL cflhljof]df ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ k|ltlqmof k|fKt eof] .!= j:tL:t/af6 dfu ePsf of]hgfx?dWo] j8f gful/sd~raf6 l;kmfl/z eO{ ufpm

kl/ifbn] :jLs[t u/L O{nfsf :t/Lo j}7s dfkm{t k|fyldstfqmd ;lxt l;kmfl/z u/]sf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .

@= lhNnfsf] lk5l8Psf uflj;x?sf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ljsf;df ljz]if Wofg lbO{g]5 .

#= pknAw >f]t ljkGg ju{;Dd k'¥ofpg] gLlt cg'?k lhNnf ul/aL gSzfÍg cg';f/ k5fl8 k/]sf uflj;x?sf ljkGg 3/ kl/jf/x?nfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug{ ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] dfWodaf6 ;zlQms/0f ul/g] gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]] 5 .

$= ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L u|fdL0f ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?, pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?, lk5l8Psf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, dw];L d'l:nd, ;d'bfox?sf] ?kfGt/0fsf nfuL ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] dfWodn] ;zlQms/0f ug]{ gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 5 .

%= /fli6«o k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] jfnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g (Child Friendly Local

Governance);DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu lhlj;n] cfufdL cf=j=df klg lg/Gt/tf lbO{ afnd}qL lhNnf 3f]if0ffsf nflu sfo{/t ;/sf/L tyf u};;x?;Fusf] ;xsfo{df afnd}qL sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

^= ;'zf;gnfO{{ ;zQm agfpg tyf ljlQo hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;]jf;'ljwfsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf j[l4 u/L ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] Pj+ kf/bzL{ ?kn] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, ;fdflhs kl/If0f, ;fj{hlgs k/LIf0f, /]l8of] ultljlw, j'n]l6g k|sfzg, ;xeflutfTds cg'udg–d"NofÍg h:tf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .

&= lhNnf leqsf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] u/]sf lqmofsnfkx? ;d]t ;dGjofTds 9Ëaf6 cufl8 a9fO{g]5 .

*= lhlj;df pknAw x'g] oftfoft k"jf{wf/sf ;|f]tx? lhNnf oftfoft u'?of]hgf (District Transport Master Plan)sf] pRr k|fyldstfdf k/]sf ;8sx?df dfq nufgL ug]{ gLlt lnO{Psf] 5 .

(= Jfftfj/0f d}qL :yfgLo zf;g k2tLnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofO{g]5 . cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ jftfj/0fd}qL cfof]hgfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 .

!)hftLo / juL{o b[li6n] k5fl8 kfl/Psf hfthflt, nf]kf]Gd'v hflt, cNk;+Vos ju{x? ;fdflhs lje]b / zf]if0faf6 kLl8t ;a} tx / tKsfsf ;d'bfosf] d"n k|jfxLs/0fnfO{ lhlj;n] ;dGjofTds e"ldsf lgjf{x u/L ;Daf]wg ug]{ gLltnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

!!s[lif pkhnfO{ ;xL d"No pknAw u/fpg s[lif jhf/sf] qmdzM ljsf; / lj:tf/ ub}{ nlug] 5, h;af6 cfoft k|lt:yfkg / lgof{t k|j4gdf ;xof]u k'Ug]] ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 .

-9-

!@cfGtl/s / jfXo dfunfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ / /f]huf/L j[[l4 u/L ls;fgsf] cfo:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg t/sf/L / kmnkm"nsf ks]6 If]qx? qmdzM a9fpFb} nlug]5 .

!#= lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ uflj; x?df Village AIDS Committee (VAC)u7g u/L hgr]tgfd"ns / Pr=cfO{=eL= kl/If0f tyf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] kx'Fr k'–ofO{g'sf ;fy} lbuf] ljsf;n] nIo u/]sf] cwf/0ffg';f/ () k|ltztnnfO{ pkrf/df kx'Fr, () k|ltztnfO{ /Qm kl/If0f / () k|ltztsf] PrcfOeL efO/n lgoGq0f ug{ hf]8 lbOg]5 .

!$= ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ejg agfpFbf ckfËd}qL agfpg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLltnfO{ lhNnf:t/df klg nfu" ug{ cfjZos kxn ul/g]5 .

!%lzIffnfO{ ;dtfd"ns agfO{ ;j}sf] kxF'rdf k'¥ofpg u'0f:t/Lo, ;fGble{s, hLjgf]kof]uL, ;Lkd"ns Pj+ Joj;flos lzIffnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbO{g]5 . k|f}9 / cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] dfWodjf6 lhNnfleq ;a}nfO{ ;fIf/ agfpg] gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g]5 . o"jfx?sf] ;zlQms/0f, lhNnfdf ePsf] v]ns'b ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

!^= lhlj;n] @)&) ;fn b]lv z'? u/]sf] Plss[t ljsf; cleofg sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf cWoog ul/ yk uflj;x?df lj:tf/ ug{ kxn ul/g]5 .

@=% cflhljof] / aflif{s of]hgf aLr cGt/ ;DaGw

ljleGg sfof{no, ;+3 ;+:yfx?jf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L tyf jflif{s sfo{qmd, ;ldIff k|ltj]bg tyf lhNnf txdf th'{df ul/Psf ljleGg /0fg}lts of]hgfx?sf]] cfwf/df cflhlaof] / laut aflif{s of]hgfx?sf] ;DaGw %! b]lv &% k|ltzt aLr /x]sf] b]lvG5 . tyflk ;j} sfof{nox?df km/s km/s vfnsf] k|j[QL /x]sf] kfO{of] . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f cflhlaof]sf] clGtd ;dolt/ åGåsf] c;/ sd /x]sf]n] cflhljof]n] to u/]sf sfo{qmd / If]q ;j}lt/sf sfo{qmdx? k|fyldstfdf kg{ uPsf]n], o;df ;sf/fTds c;/ b]lvPsf] xf] .cflhlaof]sf ;'?sf aif{ eGbf clGtd aif{x?df aflif{s sfo{s|d ;+u t'ngfTds ?kn] a9L ;Daw /x]sf] kfO{of] .@=^ cflhlaof] calwdf of]hgf sfo{s|d ;+rfngdf k/]sf ;d:ofx?

;xefuLx?;+usf] 5nkmn / laleGg k|sflzt ;'rgf tyf clen]vsf cfwf/df laut cflhlaof] calwdf of]hgf sfo{s|d ;+rfngdf k/]sf ;d:ofx? df]/ª lhNnfdf ;fdGotof lgDg ;d:ofx? pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\ .• ;"rgf tYof+ssf] cefa / pknAw ePsf tYof+s klg Tolt e/kbf]{ gx'g' .• cflhlaof] b:tfa]h lhNnf aflif{s sfo{s|d tof/L s|ddf Go"g k|of]u .• :yfgLo lgsfodf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltgLlwx? gx'g' .• bIf hgzQmL / ;|f]t ;fwg cfaZostf cg'?k pknAw x'g g;Sg' .• ;dGjo tyf k|efjsf/L cg'udgsf] sld .• lhNnfn] k|fyldstf tf]s]/ k7fPsf s]lGb|o :t/sf of]hgfx? /fli6«oof]hgfx?

sf] ;"rLdf gkg'{ .

-10-

@=& cflhljof];Fu ;DjlGwt ;'rs Pa+ at{dfg cj:yfdf tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] cj:yfdf]/ª lhNnf a:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f @)%( sf cfwf/df cflhlaof] -@)%(÷)^)–@)^#÷)^$_ n] kFfr aif{sf nflu tf]s]sf] nIo;+u ;DjlGwt ;'rsx?sf] t"ngf ug{sf nflu kmd]{6 tof/ u/L 5nkmndf NofO{Psf] lyof] . pQm kmd]{6df k|d'v ;"rsx? h:t}M dfgj ljsfz ;"""rsf+s, hg;+Vof, hg;+Vof j[l4b/, :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'Ts]/L x'g] -k|ltzt_, s'kf]lift x'g] jfnjflnsf -k|ltzt_, cf}ift cfo' -jif{_, zf}rfno k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ -k|ltzt_, :jR5 vfg]kfgL k|of]u ug]{ hg;+Vof -k|ltzt_, kfO{kåf/f vfg]kfgL k|of]u ug]{ hg;+Vof -k|ltzt_, s'n ;fIf/tf b/ -k|ltzt_, dlxnf ;fIf/tf b/ -k|ltzt_, k|flj txdf v'b egf{ b/ -k|ltzt_, P;=Pn=;L= plt0f{ b/ -k|ltzt_, s'n lzIfs ;+Vofdf tflnd k|fKt lzIfssf] k|ltzt, :yfgLo lgsfodf dlxnf ;xeflutf -;+Vof_, ;fdflhs kl/rfngdf cfj4 kl/jf/ ;+Vof, :yfgLo lgsfodf cfbLjf;Lx?sf] ;xeflutf, :yfgLo lgsfodf blnt ;xeflutf cflb pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . lhNnfdf k|fKt ;'rgf tyf tYofs+sf cfwf/df k|yd cflhlaof] -@)%(÷)^)–@)^#÷)^$_ sf ljsf;;+u ;DjlGwt lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo, glthf tyf;"rsx?;+u at{dfg ca:yfdf tYof°n] b]vfPsf] cj:yfsf] t'ngf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] b]lvG5M

;'rs @)%(/)^)

@)^#/)^$

xfn @)&

@/)&#dfgj ljsf; ;'rf°sM 0.421 0.605 0.513

k|lt JolQm cfo -?._ 10000 14000 78948

cf}ift cfo" -jif{_ 69.6 73.4

;fIf/tf b/ -k|ltzt_ 58.15 65.5 &)=^#

dfgj ljsf; ul/jL ;'rf°sM 37.65 29.5 25.3

hg;+Vof j[l4 b/ 2.27 2.15 1.35

s[lif pTkfbg a[l4b/ -k|ltzt_ 6.15 8.85 9.45

kz" pTkfbg a[4b/ -k|ltzt_ 4.05 5.05 6.05

7"nf tyf demf}nf pBf]u -;+Vof_ 177 255 214

rfn" pBf]u -;+Vof_ 77 177 250

pBf]usf] /f]huf/L -hgf_ 4368 6290 35000

;fgf÷3/]n" pBf]u -;+Vof_ 30000 43200 52000

jfl0fHo sf/f]jf/÷jif{ -k|ltzt_ 69.6 105 120

s'n ;fIf/tf -k|ltzt_ 58 60 75

k"?if ;fIf/tf -k|ltzt_ 59 80 85

dlxnf ;fIf/tf -k|ltzt_ 45 60 65

l;sfO{ pknAwL3-5k/LIff -k|ltzt_ 44.61 76.1 80

cf}ift lzIfs pkl:ylt -k|ltzt_ 72 80 85

cf}ift cfo' -jif{_ 69.6 73.47 80

dlxnf cfo' -jif{_ 69.6 73.37 80

k"?if cfo' -jif{_] 69.7 73.55 80

vfg]]kfgL ;"ljwf -k|ltzt hg;+Vofdf_ 91.6 95 95

cf]e/x]8, vfg]kfgL u"0f:t/ WHO

-11-

d.lj.;'rs -GDI_ -k|ltzt_ 0.473 0.605 0.815

lzz" d[To'b/ -k|ltzt_ 61.5 73.64

jfn d[To'b/ -k|ltzt_ 102.3 73.34 65.5

10 j6f v]nsf] k|j4{g / v]nf8L ;+Vofdf a[l4 -k|ltzt_

50 60

zxLb /+uzfnfsf] ;"b[l9s/0f / k'jf{~rn /+uzfnfsf] lgdf{0f x"g]

ePsf]

afx|} dlxgf l;+lrt If]. -k|ltzt_ 42.4 60 70

6]lnkmf]g nfO{g pknAwtf 1.75 1.34 1.15

;]6nfO6 120 240 300

6]lnkmf]g pknAw uf=lj=;= 47 65 65

6]lnkmf]g nfOg ljt/0f 11300 29950 40650

kx'+rsf] clwstd b"/L ls=ld= 20 6 2

xfnsf] hg;+Vof a[l4b/ 2.27 2.1 1.5

of]hgf ;DkGg k|ltztlh=lj=;= -k|ltzt_ 70 85 90

uf=lj=;= -k|ltzt_ 55 70 80

laifout sfof{no -k|ltzt_ 80 90 95

;+3 ;+:yf -k|ltzt_ 85 90 95

zfvfsf] cWoog 1 5 7

;|f]tM k|yd cflhlaof] -@)%(÷)^)–@)^#÷)^$_ / ljifout sfof{no df]/ª @)&@ sf k|ltj]bgx?@=* k|yd cflhlaof] -@)%(÷)^)–@)^#÷)^$_ sf] k|If]lkt ah]6 ;ldIff

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -@)%(÷)^)–@)^#÷)^$_sf] cg'dflgt nufgL / vr{ ;DjlGw jh]6sf] k|If]k0f% cj{ &* s/f]8 @% nfv )* xhf/ ul/Psf] lyof] ;f]xL jif{x?df lhNnfdf k|fKt ePsf] jh]6sf] cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ @ cj{ $^ s/f]8 )! nfv (^ xhf/ b]lvG5 . h;jf6 lhNnfdf # cj{ #@ s/f]8 @# nfv !@ xhf/ jh]6 ck'usf] b]lvG5 . lhNnfdf k|If]k0f tyf k|fKt ePsf] ah]6 tnsf tfnLsfx?df lbO{Psf] 5 .

k|yd cflhlaof] -@)%(÷)^)–@)^#÷)^$ cjlwdf cfjZos x'g] ah]6

sfo{qmdsf] gfd/sd ?= xhf/df

@)%(÷)^) @)^)÷)^! @)^!÷)^@

@)^@÷)^#

@)^#÷)^$

:yfgLo lgsfo 137287 145808 156155 165271 169053 ljifout lgsfo 680948 891408 4735626 5211547 5603187u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? 222375 1865 272156 410562 10268hDdf 1040610 1039081 5163937 5787380 5782508;|f]tM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf, df]/ª, @)%(

k|yd cflhlaof] -@)%(÷)^)–@)^#÷)^$ cjlwdf k|fKt ePsf] ah]6sfo{qmdsf]

gfd @)%(÷)^) @)^)÷)^! @)^!÷)^@

@)^@÷)^#

@)^#÷)^$

:yfgLo lgsfo 199066 224945 254188 287232 324572 ljifout lgsfo 987375 1115733 1260779 1424680 1609888u}/ ;/sf/L ; 322444 364361 411728 465253 525736

-12-

+:yfx?hDdf 1508885 1705039 1926695 2177165 2460196

;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf, df]/ª, @)%(÷)^)–@)^#÷)^$

@=( lgisif{ tyf ;'emfax?

ljleGg If]q, JolQm tyf lhNnfdf pknJw ePsf ljleGg cWoog tyf k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df tyf ;xefuLx?jf6 k|fKt ;'emfasf cfwf/ lgDgfg';f/sf ;'emfjx? k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . oL ;'emfjx?nfO{ cfufdL ;dosf nfuL th'{df ul/g] cfjlws tyf /0fg}lts of]hgfdf ;d]t ;dfj]z ug{ ;s] cfufdL of]hgf j9L nfebfoL x'g] 5g . o;/L of]hgf th"{df ubf{ jf:tljs tYof+snfO{ cfwf/ jgfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;s[o ;xeflutfdf of]hgf jgfpg' kg]{ . ;+3, ;+:yf / ljifout sfof{nox?sf] ;lqmo of]ubfg / k|fKt ePsf ;'emfasf] cfwf/df cufl8 a9\g' kg]{ . ;fy}, ;LdfGt ;d'bfo / u/La au{ / ef}uflns sl7gfO{ ePsf If]qx?nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstfdf /fvL plgx?nfO{ k|ToIf kmfObf k"Ug] nlIft sfo{s|dx?df hf]8 lbg] . ljsf; lg{df0fsf sfo{x?sf] lgoldt cg"udg tyf d'Nofs+g x'g'kg]{ . of]hgf th"{dfsf] ;dodfg} cg'udg tyf d'Nofs+gnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ .cfufdL of]hgf jgfp+bf lhNnf kl/ifbjf6 ePsf ljleGg lg0f{ox? tyf kfl/t /0flgltx?nfO{ ;d]t dWo]gh/ /flv of]hgf th"{df ug'{kg]{ .

-13-

v08 tLglhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff

#=! e"ldsflb3{sflng ;f+]r cg';f/ of]hgfj4 ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]

{, :yfgLo:t/df pknAw ;]jfdf gful/sx?sf] kx'Fr j[l4 u/L ;/n / ;xh ?kdf ;]jf k|jfxsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{, :yfgLo ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x?nfO{ u"0f:t/Lo ?kdf ;DkGg u/L lbuf]kgf /fVg], :yfgLo ;'zf;g sfod u/L gful/s ;xeflutfsf] cfwf/df ;dfj]zL :yfgLo ljsf; / zf;g k4tLsf] cjnDjg ug]{, ;fdflhs kl/rfng, ;fd'bflos ;zlQms/0f / ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug]{, a9\bf] hgck]Iff ;Djf]wg x'g] u/L :yfgLo:t/df of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f u/L th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{, :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf / dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf;sf sfo{nfO{ ;do ;fk]If 9+uaf6 cufl8 a9fpg], :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] k|efjsf/L kl/rfng, /fh:j j[l4 / ljlQo hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{, :yfgLo :t/df k|fKt x'g] ;|f]tnfO{ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/ tof/ u/L ;f]xL cg';f/ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ h:tf s'/fx? lhNnf ljsf;df b]lvPsf r'gf}ltx? x'g\ . dfly pNn]lvt ljljw ;d:ofx?n] df]/ª lhNnfsf] Plss[t ljsf;nfO{ r'gf}lt lbO/x]sf 5 . n}+lus lje]bLs/0f, u'0f:t/xLg lzIff, ljsf; tyf lgdf{0fdf gLlh If]qsf] Go"g nufgL h:tf ;d:of ljBdfg /x]sf 5g\ . lj:t[t ?kdf ljsf;sf ;Defjgf / cj;/x? Pj+ ;d:of / r'gf}tLx?nfO{ 5'§f5'§} pk–lzif{sdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . #=@ ljsf;sf k|d'v ;d:ofx?

df]/ª lhNnf g]kfns} k|d'v cf}Bf]lus gu/L tyf k"jf{~rn If]qsf]] ljsf;sf] s]Gb| / g]kfn ef/tsf] k|d'v gfsf / cGo ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, /fhgLlts P]ltxfl;s b[li6n] b]zs} uf}/jsf] ?kdf /x]sf] o; lhNnfsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, dfgjLo / ef}lts ljsf;sf] utL, nufgL cg'?ksf] k|ltkmn tyf k|efjsf/Ltf ck]Iffs[t ?kdf a[l4 x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . lhNnf ljsf;sf] ljutsf k|of; tyf pknAwLx?sf] d"NofÍg ubf{ lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ;fdflhs, cfly{s ljsf;;DaGwL ljljw ;+efjgf, cj;/, ;d:of tyf r'gf}ltx? o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ . ;d:of ljZn]if0fsf] lj:t[t cz+ cg';"rL ! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .s_ cfly{s ljsf;

lhNnf ljsf;sf k|of; / pknAwL Pj+ j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f tyf ;xeflutfTds 5nkmnaf6 klxrfg ul/Psf ;Defjgfx?nfO{ ljifout If]qx?df ljefhg ul/ a'Fbfut ?kdf tn JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .• s[lifdf cfw'lgs pks/0fsf] sdL• s[lif ;DjlGw pGgthftsf] ljpljhgsf]

sdL• s[ifsx?n] s[lif ;]jf k|fKt ug{df

sl7gfO{• s[ifsx?nfO{ tflnd tyf k|ljlwsf] sld• s[lif pTkfbg tyf pkfbsTjdf sld

cfO{/x]sf] .• cTolws /;folgs dn tyf ls6gf;s

• pBdLx?df Jo;flols/0f ;f]rsf] cefj• pBd lj:tf/sf nflu k'FhLsf], k|ljlw / bIf

hgzlQmsf] cefj ;fy} ;Lk kl/If0fsf] cefj • cf}wf]lus gLlt sfof{Gjogdf ;d:of • cf}Bf]uLs/0fsf] lj:tf/sf nfuL cfjZos

k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] .• ;Dk'0f{ pBf]uL Joj;foLx?nfO{ s/sf]

bfo/f leq ;d]6\g g;s]sf] .• s[lif tyf kz' pTkfbg / :yfgLo sRrf

-14-

cf}iflwsf sf/0f df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQmdf Åf; cfO{/x]sf] .

• s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;sf nfuL cfw'lgs pks/0fsf] cefj .

• s[ifsn] ;dod} cfjZos s[lif ;]jf gkfPsf] .

• b'w jhfl/s/0f tyf jhf/sf] ;d:of• j+u'/sf] ljlqmdf ptf/r9fj• Liquid nitrogen sf] ;d:of • Jojl:yt jwzfnfsf] sdL• bIf hgzlQmsf] sdL• :yfgLo s[lif hftsf jLpx? nf]k x'b}

uPsf] .• hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] jf/]df s[ifsx? cglj1• e}/x]sf / ;+rflnt l;+rfO ;]jf pknAw

u/fpg] ;+/rgfx?sf] plrt dd{t ;+ef/ / ;+rfngdf sdL .

• n3' tyf 3/]n' pBf]ux? lj:tflkt x'+b} uO{/x]sf] .

• n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;DjlGw ;'rgfsf] sdL

kbfy{jf6 pTkfbLt j:t'x?sf] ljlqm sIfsf] cefj .

• u|fld0f If]qsf hgtfx?sf] al}+sË kx'rdf Go"gtf .

• ko{6lso :ynx? tyf uGtJo :yfgx?sf]] klxrfg oy]i6 x'g g;s]sf] .

• ko{6lso k"jf{wf/ tyf cfjZos ;"rgfsf] k|rf/ k|;f/df sdL .

• df}lns ;+:s[tLsf] nf]k x'b} uO{/x]sf] .

• ko{6lso ef}lts k'jf{wf/sf] ljsf;df >f]tsf] ckof{Kttf

• tfntn}of l;d;f/ ;+/If0fsf] cefj• yfg dlGb/ u'Djf rr{ dl:hb lh0f{• ljdfg :yndf k'jf{wf/sf] sdL• ko{6g hghfu/0fsf] sdL• ;/sf/L tyf lghL ko{6g jf]8{ jLr tfnd]n

gx'g'

v_ ;fdflhs ljsf; lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, dlxnf afnaflnsf, lk58f ju{, h]i7 gful/s, km/s

Ifdtf ePsf JolQmx?, blnt hghfltsf] If]qdf ljBdfg ;d:ofx?nfO{ 5'§f5'§} ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

lzIff• u'0f:t/Lo lzIff gx'g'• ljifout lzIfs gx'g',• g}lts lzIffsf] cefj,• k|fljlws lzIffdf k'jf{wf/sf] sdL• k|efjsf/L cg'udg d"Nof+sgsf] sld• wfld{s-db/;f_ lzIff Jojl:yt gx'g'• ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cefj• afnljsf; s]Gb| Jojl:yt gx'g',• cfly{s cefj• eflifs sl7gfO{• ckfËtf ePsf ;j} afnaflnsfx? ljwfon

hfg gkfpg' . • k|fo ljBfnox?sf sIff sf]7f, kmlg{r/ /

ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] sdL• lzIfs, sd{rf/L b/jGbLsf] sdL .• $ k|ltzt jfnjflnsfx? lzIffjf6 j+lrt

ePsf] / ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdnfO ;kmntfk"js{ ;+rfng ug{ g;lsPsf] .

:jf:Yo• :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;j{;'netf / kx'rdf ;j}sf]

sdL .• jfnjflnsf tyf ue{jtL dlxnfsf]

kf]if0fsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ .• sd pd]/d} uef{wf/0f, hGdfgfGt/df

Hofb} 7'nf] leGgtf . • Pr=cfO=eL=, Ifo/f]u / s'i7/f]usf] ;

+qmd0fdf nuftf/sf] j[4L .• k|fs[lts lrlsT;f / cfo'j]{b pkrf/

k4tLdf dflg;x?sf] pbflzgtf .• u'0f:tl/o :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg

ug{ g;lsPsf] .• nfu' cf}ifwsf] b"Jo{;gL j9b} uPsf] .• o"jfnfO /fHoåf/f u/fOg] s[ofsnfkdf

pTzfxj4{s ?kdf ;xefuL gu/fO{Psf] .• o"jfgLltsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?

sf] pbflzgtf .• v]ns'bsf] ljsf;df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]

pbflzgtf .-15-

• ljBfnox?sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg, d"Nof+sgdf sld .• Joj;flos tflnd k|ofKt dfqfdf pknAw

x'g g;s]sf] .• SofDk;sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df cfly{s >f]tsf]

cefj .• pRr lzIffsf nfuL k|fljlws ljifox? h:t} e"uf]n tyf lj1fgsf pks/0fx?sf] cefj .• jfnljjfx .

• v'Nnf lbzf lk;fj, hyfefjL kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] k|j[tL tyf 9nsf] plrt Joj:yfkg x'g;s]sf] .

• :jf:Yo If]qdf hgzlQmsf] sdL• ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] sdL• cJojl:yt a;f]af;• :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Frsf] sdL tyf s'kf]if0f• u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] sdL• ljiffbLo'Qm s[lif pTkfbg tyf c;'/lIft

vfgkfg o'jf tyf v]ns'b • j]/f]huf/L tyf ljb]z knfog• pBdlzn o'jfsf] sdL• nfu'cf}ifw b'Jo{zgL• v]ns'bsf] dxTj gx'g'• v]nsf nflu ef}lts ;+/rgf pknAw

gx'g'• v]ns'bs} dfWodaf6 hLljsf]kfh{g

ug{ g;Sg'• n}lËs lje]b• o'jf gLlt km/flsnf] gx'g'• v]ns'bnfO{ Joj;flos gx'g',• ljsf; lgdf{0fdf o'jf ;xefuLtf gx'g'• ckfËtfd}qL v]n d}bfg gx'g'• zf/Ll/s ;Lldttf x]/]/ v]n,/f]huf/L tyf

cGo If]qdf sd ;xefuLtf

dlxnf• 3/]n' lx+;f • a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ • clzIff • n}lËs lae]b • Gofodf ;xh kx'rsf] cefj • :jf:Yo k|hgg -c;'/lIft ue{ktg ,

kf]if0fo'tm vfgfsf] cefj • sfg'gL ;d:of gful/stf, lajfx btf{ .• ax'lajfx • a]/f]huf/L• Psn dlxnfnfO{ ;fdflhs ckx]ngf

afnaflnsf• jfn >d zf]if0f • jfn lajfx • jfn of}g b'{Jojxf/ / zf]if0f • jfn jflnsfsf] a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ • jfnjflnsfnfO{ lbO{g] b08 ;hfo • lzIffdf kx'Frsf] cefj • s'kf]if0f • afnd}qL cjwf/0ff jf/] cgle1tf• cgfy, c;fXfo jfnjflnsfsf] ;+/If0f, p4f/

/ k'g{:yfkgfdf sl7gfO{ • cy{k'0f{ ;xeflutf gx'g' • jfnd}qL Pj+d ckfËtf d}qL Goflos ;

+/rfg gx'g' • sfg'gL ;d:of -hGd btf{

gful/stf , ;Dklt _• lszf]l/ lzIffsf] cefj • afnaflnsf ;DaGwL tYof+s /

b:tfa]hLs/0f cWofalws gx'g' • v]ns'b , dgf]/Ghg Pj+ ;f:s[lts ls|

ofsnfk

ckfËtf• :jf:Yo, lzIffdf kx'\+rsf] cefj• kx'Fro'tmtfdf sl7gfO{ / sd ;xeflutf • ;'rgf ;+rf/df kx'\Frsf] cefj• b'Jo{jxf/ • dlxnf ckfËtf -a}jflxs_• k'g{:yfkgf ;ztmLs/0f • kl/ro kq tyf tYof+s cWofjlwssf] cefj• ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQfdf kx'\+rsf] cefj• ckfËtf tyf jfnu[x gx'g'• oftfoftdf sl7gfO{• v]ns'b , dgf]/Ghg Pj+ ;f:s[lts s|

Lofsnfkdf sl7gfO{

lk58fju{• /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwnfO{ g} ;/sf/n] lbg] ;'lawfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L gx'g' . • lk58fju{sf] tYof+s, kfZj{lrq tyf cWoog, cjnf]sg gS;fsf] sdL . • lk58f ju{sf] eflifs ;d:of tyf ;Lk,

-16-

cflbjf;L hghftL bnLt cNk;+Vos t];|f] ln+ËL• ;fdflhs, n}lu+s, tyf hflto lje]b• j]/f]huf/L• klxrfg ;lxtsf] gful/stf k|fKt gx'g' -

t]>f] lnË_• cfwf/e"t clwsf/jf6 j+lrt x'g'• ljlQo ;+:yfsf] ;]jfdf kx'r gx'g'• of}lgs tyf n}lus, cNk;+Vos ;d'xnfO

ljjfxsf] dfGotf gx'g' • nlIft ju{ leqsf] nf]s ;+:s[tL lzk

snfx? nf]k x'b} hfg'• lbOg] ;]jf ;'ljwfjf6 j+lrt x'g'• wfld{s lzIff Jojl:yt gx'g'• :jf:Yo, lzIff, /f]huf/L cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf -

t];|f]lnlË_ sf] nfuL

;+:s[tL, snf, efiff, ;flxTo, gLltut ;fdflhs ;]jf• cfw'lgs ;+:s[ltsf] k|efj• cfkm\gf] l/tL l/jfh k|lt pbfl;gtf• cfw'lgsLs/0f• dft[efiffsf] kf7\oqmdsf] cefj• snf ;DjGwL /fHosf] pk]lR5t gLlt x'g'

. • ;flxTodf tyf ;fdflhs ;]jfdf /fHos}

gLltut cefj

snf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+:s[lt nf]k x'b} uO{ /x]sf]• :yfgLo :jfot zf;g P]gnfO{ k|rf/ k|;f/ gug'{ .• lk58fju{sf] hftLo k]zf ;+s6df kg'{ .• ckf+Ëtf, afnaflnsf / dlxnfsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf ;dfg'kflts ;dfa]zLtfsf] cawf/0ff gckgfPsf] . • ;/sf/ / lk58fju{ larsf] ;Demf}tf nfu' ug{ :yfgLo :t/df klg of]hgf gagfPsf] .• /fli6«o dlxnf÷ckf+u cfof]udf lk58fju{sf] k|ToIf ;+a}wflgs kx'Frsf] cefj .• lk58fju{sf] ;d'bfonfO{ ;sf/fTds ;f]+r tyf Jojfxfl/s lzIffdf cfj4 u/fpg g;lsPsf] .• pTkfbgd'ns r]tgfsf] cefj tyf lalQo ;+:yfsf] ;]jfdf kx'Fr gk'u]sf] .• dhb'/x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] a}rfl/s, zfl//Ls / ;do ;fk]Iftfsf] cfwf/df d'Nof+sg gug'{ . lk58fju{sf] o"jfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/ ;DaGwL lzIff, ;Lk, snfsf] cefj• lk58fju{sf] o'jfnfO{ Joj;flos v]ns'bsf] sdL

u_ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf ljsf; tkm{ oftfoft, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{, ;+rf/,

ljB'tnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 eg] oftfoftdf klg ;8s oftfoft, xjfO{ oftfoft / k}bn ofqf ul/ 5'6\ofO{Psf] 5 . ;8s oftfoft tkm{ lhNnf leqsf d'Vo /0fgLlts ;8s 6«ofsx?, cGo u|fld0f tyf s[lif ;8sx?sf] lgdf{0f tyf lj:tf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;8s k'nx?sf] lgdf{0f gx'Fbf ;8s k'u]sf] 7fpF ;Dd klg oftfoft ;]jf lgoldt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . Supply df u'0f:t/ gx'g' ljB't rf]/L Tripping l;rfO{sf] nflu ljB'lts/0f

gx'g' ljB'tjf6 ;8s l;df leq

kf]n uf8\g] z'4 vfg]kfgLsf] cefj of]hgf dfu a9L / jh]6

k|fyldlss/0f ljgf ;8s k'n cfof]hgf 5gf}6 lgdf{0f sfo{ u'0f:t/o"Qm gx'g' ;8s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f x'g g;s]sf] . dfkb08 ljkl/t ;fj{hlgs ;8sx?sf] lgdf{0f

eO{/x]sf] . ;fd'blos lgdf{0f sfo{x?df lbuf]kgf x'g

g;s]sf] . ;jf/L ;fwg lj;f}gL / lj>fd:ynsf] ;j} :yfgx?df

-17-

ljlgof]hg sdL Ps ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] ;

+/rgf csf]{ ;+:yf jf lgsfon] eTsfpg'

d'xfg ;'Sb} hfg' / ;g'{ d'xfg tn j:tL dfly x'g]

ef}uf]lns ;d:of gLltut ;d:of k|fyldlss/0f ljgf ;8s

cfof]hgf 5gf}6 jif}{e/L oftfoft ;~rfng

gx'g' cfof]hgfsf] ;+Vof

a9Ln -6'qm] cfof]hgf_

Joj:yfkg x'g g;s]sf] . Jojl:yt j;f]jf;sf] ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] . cfw'lgs j;f]jf;sf] ljsf;sf nfuL ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]

ljrdf ;dGjosf] cefj . gu/ If]qx?df Jojl:yt ;jf/L kfls{ªsf] cefj . wfld{s ko{6lso :ynx?sf] klxrfg tyf Joj:yfkg

gePsf] . 3G Internet sf] k|efjsf/Ltfdf sdL . b''lift kfgLsf] k|of]u x'+bf dflg;sf] :jf:Yo tyf

jftfj/0fdf ;d]t k|lts'n c;/ . Jojl:yt 9nsf] cefjsf sf/0f clwsfz+ jl:t tyf

v]ltof]Uo hldg 8'jfgdf kg]{ u/]sf] . lzIff, :jf:Yo, snsf/vfgf, nufot laleGg If]qdf

ljB'lto ;d:of . hyfefjL Knl6ª eO{/x]sf] . 7]Ssf k§fdf c:j:y k|ltikwf{ .

3_ jg, jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkgdf]/ª lhNnfsf] t/fO{, efFj/, b"g tyf r'/] v08sf] sl/a !@)) ld6/ ;Ddsf]

prfO{df pi0f k|b]lzo ;bfjxf/ h+un / s]xL kxf8L uf=lj=;=sf] !@)! b]vL @!)) ld6/ ;Ddsf prfO{df ;dzLtf]i0f ktem/ h+un cjl:yt 5 .@))& ;fnk"j{ o; lhNnfsf] jg ;Dkbfsf] pkef]u ljtf{sf] ?kdf /x]sf] j'lemG5 . lj=;= @)!# ;fndf lhNnfdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ jg /fli6«os/0f u/Lof] / jg h+undf lghL :jfldTjsf] cGt eof] . jg h+unsf] /fli6«os/0fn] hgtfdf gsf/fTds ;f]rfO{ cfO{ hlt ;Sbf] l56f] cfkm\gf] :jfldTjsf] h+un pkef]u ug{ pGd'v u/fof] . pQm sf/0fn] jgsf] ;+/If0f x'g g;Sbf jg If]qsf] w]/}g} IftL x'g k'Uof] . oxfF Psftkm{ qmlds ?kn] hg;+Vof tyf j;f]jf; a9\g] csf]{ tkm{ h+unIf]q 36\g]qmd /x]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn cfP/ o; lhNnfdf sl/j #) k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf dfq jgIf]q /x]sf] 5 . jgIf]q /fhdfu{ b]lv blIf0fL

e]usf hgtfx?sf] ;/sf/L jgIf]q dflysf] kx'Fr gx'g'

jg cltqmd0f tyf jg km8fgL

v'nf r/Lr/g tyf cfunfuLsf] Jofks k|sf]k .

jg Joj:yfkgsf nfuL ;fwg ;|f]tsf] sdL .

jg If]qsf] nuftf/ v08Ls/0f eO{/x]sf] .

lztnx/, v8]/L / cNk tyf clws j[li6n] jif]{0fL

e"–;+/If0f e"–Ifo tyf gbL psf;sf] ;d:of gbL s6fg kfgLsf :yfO{ d'n tyf ;|f]tdf sld .

l;d;f/If]q -kfgLsf] d'xgf _ ;'Sb} uPsf], jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkg cJojl:yt dfgj j:tL Pjd k|fs[lts ;|f]t bf]xg ug]

{ pBf]udf j[l4 . hyfefjL kmf]x/ d}nf a9g'sf ;fy} Jojl:yt

Nof08lkmn ;fO{6sf] cefj . kfgLsf] d'xfg b'lift x'g'sf ;fy} jftfj/0f k|

b'if0fdf lbgfg'lbg j[l4 eO{/x]sf] . cf}Bf]lus k|b'if0f hyfefjL kmf]x/d}nf a9\g'

-18-

wghgsf] IftL . jgdf s]lGb|s[t clwsf/ tyf

jgsf] If]qflwsf/df sdL clgoGqLt j;f]jf; tyf jg

If]qsf] lgoGq0f . jg P]g )$( sf] bkmf $@

cg';f/ sfof{Gjog gePsf] jg P]g tyf

gLltx? ;dof]lrt kl/dfh{g gePsf] .

:jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] cefj lhNnf ljkb Joj:yfkg of]hgf gx'g' cfunfuL e"sDk÷zLt nx/÷v8]/L

ª_ ;+:yfut ljsf;lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;du| ultljlwnfO{ 7Ls af6f]df lx+8fpg], ;]jf k|

jfxnfO{ Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L agfpg] tyf ljsf; ultljlwx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ Pp6f dxTjk"+0f{ s'/f xf] . o;sf nflu ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ ;+:yfx? :jo+ ef}lts tyf ;f+u7lgs lx;fjn] r':t / Jojl:yt x'g' k5{ eg] :jo+df Ifdtfjfg / ;'zf;gsf] cEof; ePsf] x'g'k5{ . k|zf;g hgd}qL gePsf] jf:tljs lkl8tx?sf] klxrfg x'g g;s]sf] k"j{jt k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf /x]sf] Ps cfk;df aflemg] P]g, lgodx? ;]jf ;'ljwf ;DjGwL

hgtf;Dd ;"rgfsf] cefj of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?df kf/blz{tfsf] sdL

k|zf;gdf eflifs ;d:of /x]sf] cfjZostf cg';f/sf] hgzlQm tyf ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] sdL

ljrf}lnofsf] ljuljuL /x]sf] b08lxgtf / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf gx'g' /fhg}lts x:tIf]k /x]sf] ;]jf k|bfo / ;]jfu|fxL aLr ;dGjosf] cefj k|zf;gdf l9nf;':tL lg0f{o klqmofdf ;a}sf] ;xeflutf tyf

kx'Frdf sdL u};; / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf]

e"ldsfdf sdL k/Dk/fjfbL ;f]r, k/Dk/fjfbL g]t[Tj /

k/Dk/fjfbL gLlt x'g' :yfgLo lgsfo Jojl:yt gePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] cefj, ef}lts ;'ljwfsf] sdL /

lhDd]jf/L jxg gug'{ cfGtl/s >f]t / ;fwgsf] ;d'lrt k|

of]u x'g g;s]sf] /fhg}lts x:tIf]k, gful/s j8fkqaf/] ;]jfu|fxL

cglj1 x'g' /fhg}lts :jfy{sf] nflu of]hgf

5gf}6 ug]{ k|j[lQ ePsf] :yfgLo lgsfodf l/Qmtf, hgzlQmsf] cefj /

ckf/blz{ bft[ ;+:yfx?

sf] ;xof]u / ;dGjosf] sdL ePsf] ;]jfk|jfxdf kIfkft, of]hgf tyf sfdsf]

;'kl/j]If0f gx'g', of]hgfsf] jf:tljs d'Nofs+g gx'g'

bft[ ;+:yfx?sf] sf/f]jf/ kf/bzL{ gePsf]

lhNnf l:yt ljifout lgsfox?sf] bf]xf]/f] hjfkmb]lxtfn] ubf{ ;dli6ut lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf nfu' ug{ sl7gfO{ dxz'; ePsf] .

cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgdf /fhgLltaf6 k|efljt ePsf]

lhNnfdf ;~rfng x'g] s]lGb|o tyf :yfgLo of]hgfx?sf] tfnd]ndf sdL .

;dfj]lzs/0f, h}ljs ljljlws/0f, ;Gt'lnt ljsf; h:tf ljifox?df sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;do ;fk]If k"g{ tfhlso

uflj;, gkf, j8f / ljBfno:t/df afnSnax? u7g x'g g;Sg', eO{ /x]sf afnSnax?sf] ;:yfut Ifdtf ljsf;df sdL

dfgjLo ;+;fwg ljsf;df kof{Kt Wofg -19-

tflndsf] Joj:yf gx'Fbf sd{rf/Lx?df gofF 9Fuaf6 ljsf; sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{ ;f]rdf sdL kfO{G5 .

gk'u]sf] Jojl:yt ;"rgf ;+oGqsf] ljsf; eO{ g;s]sf]

;fj{hlgs vr{sf] n]vfhf]vfsf] cefj JolQmut 36gf btf{ zt k|ltzt ;'lglZrt ug{ g;lsg'

of]hgfsf] ;fj{hlgs n]vfkl/If0f sfuhL ?kdf dfq ;DkGg x'g'

Go"gtd tyf sfof{;Dkfbg ;"rs k'/f ug{sf] nflu kxn gul/g'

uflj;df hfg] k"hLut /sdsf] lxgfldgf x'g'

;fj{hlgs lgsfon] k|jfx ug{] ;]jfdf u'0f:t/Lotfsf] cefj

;xsf/L,;d"x,;~hfnx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; sdhf]/ ePsf

u};;, ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?, gful/s ;dfhsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4df sdL

cfGtl/s ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] prLt pkof]u / kl/rfng x'g g;s]sf] xr'jfsf] e/df of]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{ k|j[QL

#=# lhNnf ljsf;sf cj;/x?lhNnf ljsf;sf] nflu hlt w]/} ;d:ofx? 5g\, Tolt g} ;Defjgf / cj;/x? klg

5g\ . ljsf;sf oL ;Defjgf tyf cj;/x?nfO{ o;/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .;Defjgf ljZn]if0fsf] lj:t[t cz+ cg';"rL @ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .s_ cfly{s ljsf; Joj;flos kz'kfng b'Uw k|zf]wg, df;' k|zf]wg,

bfgf pBf]u, ln=gf= KnfG6 :yfkgf cfbL• ;'g;/L df]/ª l;+rfO cfof]hgf ;

+rfngdf cfO{/x]sf] . • tfhf t/sf/L v]tL tyf ljp pTkfbgsf]

ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ eO{/x]sf] .• kmnk'mn v]tLsf] pTkfbg tyf

lj:tf/ eO{/x]sf] .• ;fgf l;+rfO{ dfkm{t vfBfGg

pTkfbgdf j[4L ePsf] .• pGgt ufO{ e}+;L tyf jfv|f kfng

Joj;fodf hf]8 lbO{ s[ifssf] cfo:t/df j[4L ePsf] .• s'v'/f tyf df5f kfng Joj;fo

kmi6fp+b} uPsf] .• kz'hGo kbfy{df cfwf/Lt k|;f]wg

pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgf tyf lj:tf/ ePsf] .• lzt e08f/0fsf] :yfkgf tyf

pTkfbLt j:t'x?sf] e08f/0f dfkm{t hgtfsf] cfo:t/df j[4L ePsf] .• xf6 jhf/x?sf] ;+rfng tyf s[lif

d]nfx?sf] ;do ;dodf ePsf] k|

• kz'k+lIfjf6 pTkflbt df;', c08f tyf b'wsf] ;xh ?kdf cfk'lt{ eO{/x]sf] .• lglh 8]/L pBf]u,;xsf/L 8]/L tyf ;/sf/L

8]/Lsf] ;fy} df;' k|;f]wgs]Gb|x? / ;'wfl/Psf] 8]/L k;n v'Nb} hfg] s|ddf j[4L ePsf] .• 7"nf 7"nf xf]6n, :s"n, sn]h, snsf/vfgf

tyf c:ktfnx?sf] :yfkgfåf/f /f]huf/Ls]f df}sf k|fKt ePsf] . • lhNnf cfoft tyf lgof{tsf nfuL

Jofkfl/såf/sf] ?kdf ljsl;t ePsf] . • o"jf hgzlQm :j/f]huf/sf If]qx?df ;

+nUg ePsf] .• If]qLo:t/sf] ljdfg:ynsf] :yfkgf ePsf] .• x:tsnf tyf df}lns ;+:s[tLsf sf/0f

lhNnfsf] klxrfgdf lj:tf/ eO{ /x]sf] .• ;/sf/L tyf ljsf; j}+s / ;xsf/L dfkm{t

hgtfx?df a}+lsª nufgL j[l4 eO{ ;fgf pBf]u tyf pBdx? ;+rfngdf cfO{ cfly{s cfo cfh{gdf j[l4 ePsf] .• t]n, vfB tyf sfi7hGo pBf]ux?

sf] :yfkgf eO{ :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{x?n] plrt jhf/Ls/0f ;'ljwf kfO{/x]sf] .

-20-

b{zgL åf/f s[ifsx? nfeflGjt ePsf] .

v_ ;fdflhs ljsf; k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgf tyf ;

+rfngdf cfPsf] ;fd'bfoLs ljBfnox? :yfkgf tyf ;

+rfngdf cfPsf] k|fljlws lzIffno :yfkgf tyf ;

+rfngdf cfPsf] k|foM ;j} ljBfnox?df Jojxfl/s / k|

of]ufTds lzIf0f l;sfOsf] jftfj/0f pknJw ePsf] .

lzIf0f l;sfO{df k|efjsf/Ltf, ljBfyL{ lzIfs ljr ;'dw'/ ;DjGw ePsf] .

ljBfno pd]/sf ;j} jfnjflnsfx?nfO{ lzIffsf] cjz/ k|fKt ePsf] .

ljBfyL{ tyf lzIfs b'j}nfO{ lzk ljsf; Ifdtfsf] cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] .

ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lsf] pkl:ytL b/df j[4L eO{ /x]sf] .

db/;f, u'Djf / u'?s'nsf] egf{b/df j[4L eO{/x]sf] .

cfw'lgs pks/0f / ljlwx?sf] k|of]u dfkm{t cWofkg ug{ ;'? eO{ /x]sf] .

l;ko"Qm tflnd / of]Uo / bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg dfk{mt j]/f]huf/L ;d:of qmd; ;dfwfg eO{ /x]sf] .

Jojxfl/s lzIffsf] k|fKtL dfk{mt j]/f]huf/ o"jfnfO{ v]ns'bdf nufO{ ljb]z knfog x'g tyf b'Jo{;gL x'gjf6 /f]lsPsf] .

lghL :t/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? :yfkgf tyf ;+rfngdf cfPsf]

sf]zL c~rn If]lqo c:ktfn tyf k|fb]lzs c:ktfnsf] ?kdf ljsf; eO{/x]sf]

lj/f6gu/ k"jf{Grnsf] :jf:Yo If]qsf] xj jGb} uPsf]

jfn d}qL lhNnf 3f]if0ff ePsf] /fHoåf/f ;+rfng ul/g] s[ofsnfkdf

o"jfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf qmd;M j[l4 eO{ /x]sf] .

yf?, d}ynL, ty d'l:nd efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] hu]0ff{ eO{/x]sf] .

k/Dk/fut x:tsnf, lrqsnfsf dfWodjf6 lhNnfsf] lrgf/L lbg] sfd eO{/x]sf] .

k/Dk/ut lj/f6 ;+:s[tLsf] ;+ud:yn o'jf ;'rgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ePsf] o"jfx? Jo;fo;Ls tl/sfn] +;+ul7t

eO{/x]sf] o"jfx?sf] g]t[Tj kl/rfng eO{/x]sf] ;fdflhs ljsf;sf ;jfnx?df o"jf kl/rfng ;dfhLs zflGt / ljsf;df d4t o"jf :j/f]huf/sf sfo{qmdx?

u_ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; District Transportation Master Plantof/ ePsf] ;]jf tyf ahf/df ;d'bfosf] kx'rsf] a[4L, /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/, ul/jL Go"lgs/0fdf ;xof]u ko{6g Aoj;fosf] ljsf; e"ldut;|f]tsf ?kdf vfg]kfgLsf ;|f]t kof{Kt ?kdf x'g' . gu/ If]qx?df 9n lgsf;sf] nfuL plrt sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df ul/ Joj:yfkg ;'?jft

ePsf] uf]a/ Uof;, ;f}o{ pHf{fsf] a}slNks phf{sf ?kdf k|of]u ug'{ ufpF j:tLsf pTkfbgx?n] ahf/ k|fKt u/]sf] ;tx l;+rfO{ / e"ldut l;+rfO{sf] k|;:tL ?kdf install ul/ ;'ljwf lnO{ /x]sf] yk gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ePsf] tyf gu/f]Gd'v j:tLx? a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf]

-21-

gu/ tyf gu/f]Gd'v j:tLx?sf] ljsf; eO/x]sf]3_ jg, jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkgag e" ;+/If0f ;fj{hlgs lghL hUufx?df xl/ofln

kj4{g kf]v/L, tfn÷tn}of ;+/If0f

ag k}bfjf/ , hl8a'6L v]tL pBd h}ljs ;+j]bglzn If]q Joj:uyfkg lrl8of vfgf gbL psf; lgoGq0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ Plss[t e" tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg e'ldut kflgsf] k|;:ttf l;rfO{ d'xfg tyf vf]nfsf] kfgL ;'l4s/0f /f]huf/L ;[hgf lakb Aoj:yfkg kof{—ko{6g ufla;, gkf / lhNnf :t/df lakb Aofj:yfkg

sf]if :yfkgf jg k}bfj/, hl8j'6L, v]lt pBd j}sNkLs phf{sf] k|of]u s[lif tyf kz' pTkfbgdf j[4L au/ v]tL /fli6«o tyf ;fd'bfoLs jgx?df j[Iff/f]k0f

ko{6g

h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f k|fs[lts >f]t s[lif jg tyf lghL jg lt/ pGd"v k|fª\ufl/s v]tL gbL psf; If]qdf jg :yfkgf jftfj/0f d}qL pBf]u :yfkgf ;xefuLtf d"ns jg ;+/If0f ;8s lsgf/f tyf tfn tn}ofdf j[Iff/f]k0f

ª_ ;+:yfut ljsf; lglh If]q,gful/s ;dfh tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ljsf;sf] ;du|

ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g sfod ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] . :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] cfGtl/s cfo;|f]tdf j[l4 eO{ /x]sf] . lhNnfsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf, ko{6g u'? of]hgf, HIV/AIDS/0fg}lts

of]hgf, District Transportation Master Plan nufot cGo ljifut /0fg}lts of]hgfnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ ;j} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?, u};;x?, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+3;+:yfx?sf] /0flglts of]hgf th'{df ul/ Plss[t ?kdf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] .

bft[;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf j[l4 eO{ /x]sf] . lglh tyf ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0fsf] ljsf; ePsf]] . cg'udg tyf d"Nofs+g k4tLnfO{ ;+:yfut u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofO{

/x]sf] .#=$ lb3{sfnLg ;f]r

df]/ª lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf;nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug{ agfOPsf] klxnf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] lnPsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r æcfly{s ;fdflhs tyf kof{j/l0fo ?kdf ;d[4 lhNnf df]/ªÆ n] lhNnfaf;Lx?sf] ck]IffnfO{ cfzfltt ?kdf ;Djf]wg ug{ sl7gfO{ ePsf] cj:yfdf / ;dosf]

-22-

kl/jt{g ;+u} ljsf;sf gFof l;4fGt, ;Defjgf / ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;d]t ;Djf]wg ug]{ p2]Zon] gFof lb3{sfnLg ;f+]rsf] (Long term Vision) th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . o;} s'/fnfO{ dgg u/L df]/ªsf] klxnf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] lnPsf] lb3{sfnLg ;f]rsf] s]lx c+z / ;dosf] kl/jt{g ;+u} ljsf;sf gFof l;4fGt, ;Defjgf / ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;d]t ;Djf]wg ug{sf nfuL / t]x\|f}+ /fli6«o of]hgfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]+r ælj=;+= @)&( -;g\ @)@@_ leq g]kfnnfO{ cltsd ljsl;t /fi6«af6 ljsf;zLn /fi6«df :t/f]Gglt ug]{ .Æ nfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fv]/ df]/ª lhNnfsf] bf];|f] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] b]xfosf] lb3{sfnLg ;f+]rsf] th'{df ul/ lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf;nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{ nIo lnO{Psf] 5 .

æs[lif{, pBf]u, ko{6g / jftfj/0fLo k"jf{wf/.;dfj]zL df]/ª ljsf;sf cfwf/Æ..

lb3{sfnLg ;f+]r (Vision)lgwf{/0fsf] qmddf lgSof}{ndf cfPsf zJbx?sf] JofVof tyf ljsf;sf gjLg cfofd / yk r'gf}tL ;d]tnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ tL tfTko{x?nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ kl/eflift ul/Psf]5 . s[lif

ljsf;;+u ;DjlGwt ljleGg ljifout lgsfox?sf k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df df]/ª lhNnfdf s"n hg;+Vofsf] &) k|ltzt hg;+Vof s[lif k]zfdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . o;sf cnfjf lhNnfsf] $* k|ltzt hg;+Vof cfly{s ?kn] ;Ifd /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] k"?iftkm{ ^) k|ltzt / dlxnf tkm{ $) k|ltzt hg;+Vof cfly{s?kn] ;Ifd b]lvG5g\ . lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] If]q s[lifdf v]ltkftLsf cnfjf kz'kfng, l;+rfO{, dT:okfng, :jf:Yo, pBf]u, Jofkf/ tyf /f]huf/L cfbL ;d]t s[lif If]q;+u ;Dj4 x'g]x'Fbf s[lif If]qsf] ljlzli6s/0f ul/ hg;+Vofsf] 7'nf] lx:;fnfO{ /f]huf/L lbO{ lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;df b|'tt/ ?kfGt/0f ug{ c7f]6sf ;fy b'/b[li6 ePsf] lhNnfsf ?kdf ljsl;t ul/g]5 .pBf]u ljsf;

df]/ª lhNnf ;du| b]zs} k|d'v cf}Bf]lus gu/Lsf] ?kdf ljsf; eO{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf oxf+ Dofg'km\ofsrl/ª pBf]u nufot Pr=8L=8L= kfO{k pBf]u, /;folgs dn pBf]u, d}bf sf/vfgf, 58 pBf]u, ag:klt l3p pBf]u, df5f bfgf pBf]u, s'v'/f bfgf pBf]u nufot vfB pBf]u cflbx?sf] ljsf; eO{/x]sf] 5\ . lhNnf leq xfn *@(* pBf]ux? ;~rfngdf 5g . h;dWo] pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u $@(%, phf{d"ns &, s[lif tyf jGohGt' @#^, ko{6g !#%@ / ;]jfd"ns @$)* j6f /x]sf5g . oL ;j} pBf]ux?n] %$,%(* hgfnfO{ /f]huf/L k|bfg u/]sf]5 . oL pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgfn] lhNnfdf cfly{s s[ofsnfksf] clea[l4 eO{ /f]huf/Lsf] k|r'/ ;Defjgf phfu/ eO{ PSsfO;f}F ztflJbdf /f]huf/pGd'v lhNnfsf] ?kdf klxrfg x'g]5 . eff}lts / cGo k"jf{wf/x? /fd|f] / u'0f:t/df cBfjlws ePsf] / cf}Bf]lus If]qx?sf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f / kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ngnfO{ Wofg lbO{ cfly{s s]Gb|sf] ?kdf cf}Bf]lus ultljlw ePsf] ;fy} pQm ultljlwx?nfO{ jftfj/0fLo b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm dfkb08 sfod ug{] ;'Gb/ lhNnfsf ?kdf ljsl;t ul/g]5 . ko{6g

-23-

pQ/df r'/] kxf8 b]lv blIf0fdf t/fO{sf] ;dy/ s[lif of]Uo e"efu /x]sf] kof{j/0fLo Pjd\ jftfj/0fLo :j?knfO{ Wofgdf /flv ko{6lso ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fnfO{ k|fyldlss/0f ul/ To;sf] lbuf] ;~rfngdf Wofg lb+b} :yfgLo snf ;+:s[lt, efiff, ;flxTosf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g, tyf k|lz4 lj/f6 If]qsf] ljsf; tyf o;sf] yk ;DefjgfnfO{ phfu/ ub]{ lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cj:yfnfO{ ;d'Ggt jgfpg df]/ª lhNnfnfO{ cfly{s ljsf;sf] d"n cfwf/sf] ?kdf:yfkgf ul/g]5 . z}lIfs, ko{6g tyf :jf:Yo s]Gb|sf ?kdf ljsf; ug{lhNnf b]lv :yfgLo txsf ;j} sfo{qmdx? nfO{ ko{6g Jojzfo;Fu hf]8Lg]5 .

jftfj/0fd}qL ef}lts k"jf{wf/pQ/df r'/] kxf8 b]lv blIf0fdf t/fO{sf] ;dy/ e"efu ;d]t vt/fk"0f{

/x]sf] l:yltdf kof{j/0fLo Pjd\ jftfj/0fLo :j?k gvNalng] u/L ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ / To;sf] lbuf] ;~rfngdf Wofg lbg] u/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ;+rfng ug{sf nflu ;du| sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ljsl;t ul/g]5 . ;dfj]zLtf

df]/ª lhNnf ;d:t lxGb', af}4, d';ndfg, yf?, If]qL, afx'g -kxf8L_, du/, ofbj, afx'g -t/fO{_, blnt,lk58f ju{x? ;j}sf] ;femf km'njf/L xf] . oxf+ Ps wdf{jnDjLsf] csf]{ wd{ k|lt / Ps hfltsf] csf]{ hflt dfly k/Dk/f b]lvg} ;lxi0f'tf sfod ePsf] kfO{G5 . Ps kIfjf6 csf]{ kIfdf lje]bhGo Jojxf/ x'g gkfcf]; elg x/]s ;Dk|bfo lar :yfgLo:t/ b]lvg} cfk;df ;fdh:otf tyf ;b\efj sfod ug{ sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df ul/Psf] 5 .

#=% lhNNff ljsf;sf nflu lgb]{zs l;4fGtx?gFof g]kfnsf] ablnbf] /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs / sfg"gL cfwf/ / t]x\|f}+

/fli6«o of]hgfnfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fv]/ lgDg lgb{]zs l;4fGtx?nfO{ kfng ul/ df]/ª lhNnfsf] bf];|f] cflhlaof] th{'df ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}, cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;j} ;/.]sf/jfnf ;+:yf÷lgsfo tyf ;d"xx?n] lgDglnlvt ljsf;sf l;4fGtx?nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf cjnDjg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

hgs]Gb|Lt tyf k|ltkmnd'lv ljsf;lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf nflu e"uf]n, :yfgLo cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf cfwf/sf ;fy}

hg;+Vofsf] ;fk]Iftfdf k|ltkmnd'lv ljsf; xfl;n ug]{ l;4fGt x'g]5 . hgs]lGb|t ljsf; ubf{ lhNnfjf;L tyf o;df klg lhNnfsf kl5 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, jfnjflnsf, ckfFutf ePsf JolQm / kl/jf/, h]i7 gful/s, cflbjf;L hghflt, lk58fju{, o"jfx? nlIft k|ToIf nfe lng;Sg] ljsf; ultljlwnfO{ k|fyldstf;fy cuf8L a9fOg]5 .

jfnd}qL zf;g, n}+lus tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fhgs]lGb|t ljsf;sf] Ps cleGg c+usf ?kdf afnjflnsfsf] ;jf{lË0f ljsf;sf

nflu jfnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g tyf ckf+ud}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] cjnDjg ul/g]5 . dlxnf tyf blnt ju{sf] pTyfgsf nflu n}+lus tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f k|lqmofnfO{ :yflkt ul/g]5 .

cj;/df ;dfgtf

-24-

nlIft ju{nfO{ ljsf;sf] k|d'v efuLbf/sf ?kdf :yflkt ug{ kl5 k/]sf nlIft ju{ ;d'bfo -dlxnf, blnt, jfnjflnsf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, h]i7 gful/s_ nfO{ :yfgLo ljsf; / zf;gsf k|lqmofdf k|fyldstf lbg] / ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

bLuf]kgf, jftfj/0f, hnjfo" cg's'ng tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkgd}qL ljsf;lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf lbuf]kgf, jftfj/0fd}qL tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;

+j]bgzLntfnfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf ;a} of]hgfsf] cleGg c+usf ?kdf ljZn]if0f tyf c+uLs/0f u/fOg]5 . k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] bf]xgnfO{ k|efj d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df kl/rfng ul/g]5 . :yfgLo of]hgfx?nfO{ hnjfo" cg's'ngo'Qm agfpg Wofg lbOg]5 .

:yfgLotf tyf ljZjJofkLs/0f:yfgLo ;DefJotf, ;fwg ;|f]tsf] pknAwtf cg';f/ k|fyldstf ;fy :yfgLo ;|

f]t, ;fwg / ;Lksf] clwstd pkof]u ul/g]5 ;fy} ljZjJoflks/0fsf nfex?nfO{ :yfgLo ljlzi6tf cg';f/ clwstd\ pkof]u ul/g]5 .

;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g:yfgLo zf;gdf hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/blz{tf, ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] k|efjsf/L

ljt/0fsf nflu ufpF, gu/ / lhNnf ljsf;sf g]t[Tjstf{ :yfgLo lgsfox? / ;fem]bf/ lgsfo -laifout lgsfo / u};;_ ;d]tsf] Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{nfO{ ;Fu;Fu} cuf8L a9fOg]5 / pko'Qm nufgL ul/g]5 . ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?aLrsf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{nfO{ k|a4{g ul/g]5 . :yfgLo ljsf;df gful/s ;dfh / ;~rf/If]qsf] ;fem]bf/LnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .

:yfgLo ;|f]t kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg:yfgLo ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos dfgjLo tyf ljQLo ;fwg ;|f]tsf] :yfgLo:t/df

clwstd kl/rfng ul/g]5 . ljleGg laifo If]qdf bIf, l;ko'Qm dfgj hgzlQm pTkfbg tyf Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if nufgL ul/g]5 . :yfgLo ljsf;df pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] e/k'/ kl/rfng / pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ lglZrt cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug{ k|]l/t ul/g]5 .

lghL If]q k|a4{g:yfgLo ljsf; sfo{df lghL If]qnfO{ ;Fu;Fu} cuf8L n}hfg] k4lt / k|

lqmofnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy lnOg]5 . :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] clwstd\ pkof]u, :t/Ls/0f ahf/Ls/0f, k|lalw tyf ;Lksf] x:tfGt/0fsf If]qdf lghL If]qnfO{ sfd ug{ pko'Qm jftfj/0f tof/ ul/g]5 / ;fj{hlgs gLlh ;fem]bf/Lsf cfwf/df lghL If]qsf] nufgLsf] ;+/If0fdf Wofg lbOg]5 .

cleofgfTds ljsf; / ;fdflhs GofolhNnfsf] b'|tt/ ljsf; tyf ;fdflhs Gofosf nflu lgoldt ljsf; k|lqmofeGbf

cleofgfTds ljsf; ultljlwnfO{ cuf8L a9fOg]5 . cleofgfTds ljsf;sf nflu k|d'v k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df gd"gf :yfgLo lgsfosf] ljsf;, dlxnf dfly x'g] e]befj lj?4sf cleofg, blnt dflysf ;fdflhs e]befj lj?4sf] cleofg, afnljsf; / plrt lzIffsf] cleofg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, s[lif tyf kz'kfng k|0ffnLdf Joj;flos/0f tyf ;'wf/, 3/]n' pBf]u tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ If]qdf s]lGb|t ul/g]5 .

;dGjofTds ljsf;

-25-

lhNnf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ lgsfox? -;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, lghLIf]q, lgjf{rgIf]q ljsf; sfo{qmd, s]lGb|o of]hgf_ aLr ;dGjosf] k|a4{g u/L cflhljof]sf k|fyldstfsf If]qdf nufgL ug]{ tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] g]t[Tjdf Psåf/ ljsf; k4ltnfO{ yk ;'b[9 ub}{ nlug]5 .

cflhljof] tyf aflif{s of]hgfaLr tfnd]ncflhljof]sf k|fyldstfo'Qm If]q, laifosf] ;Djf]wg ug]{ u/L lhNnfsf]

aflif{s of]hgf th"{df tyf sfof{Gjog k|lqmofnfO{ cuf8L a9fOg]5 . of]hgfsf] aflif{s ;dLIffdf cflhljof] cg';f/ s] slt pknAwL xfl;n eP eGg] laifodf clgjfo{?kdf ;dLIff ug]{ / lhlj;n] uflj; tyf gu/kflnsfx?nfO{ aflif{s ?kdf ah]6 l;ln+u / dfu{bz{g k|bfg ubf{ cflhljof]sf] s] s'g laifoIf]qnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ eGg] ;d]t v'nfO{ k7fpg]5 .

#=^lhNnf ljsf;sf ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo, ;"rs tyf /0fgLltx?#=^=! nIo

t]x\|f}+ /fli6«o of]hgfsf] k|d'v nIo æul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;ª\Vof !* k|ltztdf emfg]{ .ÆnfO{ ;d]t of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] u/L o; lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] nIo b]xfojdf]lhd x'g]5 M

ælhNnfjf;Lsf] ;dGoflos ?kdf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf; x'g'sf ;fy} ul/aL Go"gLs/0f / ;Da[l4:t/df u'0ffTds ;'wf/ Nofpg] .æk|:t't nIonfO{ xfl;n ug{ b]xfosf ;"rsx?sf] k|d'v e"ldsf /xg] 5 .

-26-

tfnLsf !M lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli6ut nIo k'li6 ug]{ ;"rs, k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/ / hf]lvd tyf dfGotfx?ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k ;'rs tyf dfkgsf cfwf/x? k'i6\

ofO{sf cfwf/x?

dfGotfx?

pknlJwM lhNnfjf;Lsf] ;dGoflos ?kdf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf; x'g'sf ;fy} ul/aL Go"gLs/0f / ;Da[l4 :t/df u'0ffTds ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g]5 .

;"rsx? -cfwf/ji

f{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷

)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

lhNnf j:t'ut kfZj{lrq:yfgLo lgsfo tyf ljifut lgsfox?sf k|ltj]bg

;/sf/L k|fyldstfdf kl/jt{g gePdf

vfB k|ofKttf -!@ dlxgf eGbf j9L vfg k'Ug] kl/jf/ k|ltzt_

32.44 34.43 40.50 50.50 60.50 75.00

lhNnffsf] s[lif If]qsf -s[lif ;]jf tkm{_ s"n ufx|{:y pTkfbg -?= cj{df_

5.66 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.5 10

ljBfyL{sf] egf{b/df j[l4 -k|ltzt_ 94 (^ (& (* (( !))k"0f{ vf]k k|fKt afnaflnsf -k|ltzt_ 81 91 92 94 96 99:jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr -k|ltzt_ 68 80 84 88 93 97jg k}bfjf/ / h8Lj'6L v]tLsf dfWodjf6 /f]huf/Ldf j[4L ug]{ -;+Vof_

125 !#@ @%) #%) $%) %))

c;xfo ljkGg h]i7 gful/sx?sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt -k|ltzt_

42 46 48 51 53 56

dlxnf ;fIf/tf -k|ltzt_ 63 64 65 67 68 70;fdflhs k/LIf0f ug]{ :yfgLo tyf ljifout lgsfox? - ;+Vof_

0 3 5 10 15 25

k|ltkmn !M s[lif tyf kz'hGo j:t' / vfBfGgdf lhNnf cfTdlge{/ x'g'sf ;fy} pBf]u, ;xsf/L tyf ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf; eO{ ul/jL

vfB k|ofKttf -^ dlxgf eGbf sd vfg k'Ug] kl/jf/ k|ltzt_

13.45 11.13 10.00 8.50 7.50 5.50 lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bglhNnf j:t\ut kfZj{lrq

cgfj[li6 -v8]/L_,

cltj[li6 -af9L

k}/f]_, dfxfdf/L cfbLsf] k|sf]k

cf}ift Hofnf k|lt lbg -?=_ 331 350 450 550 750 1000

k|lt AolQm k|lt aif{ vfBfGGf pknAwtf -s]= hL=_

192 200 236 278 329 388

lhNnfsf] s[lif If]qsf] -s[lif ;]jf tkm{_ j[l4b/ -k|ltztdf_

6 8 9 11 13 16

lhNnfsf] s[lif If]qsf -s[lif ;]jf tkm{_ 7.25 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.5 10

-18-

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k ;'rs tyf dfkgsf cfwf/x? k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x?

dfGotfx?

Go"lgs/0fdf 6]jf k'u]]sf] x'g]5 .

s"n ufx|{:y pTkfbg -?= cj{df_ gePdf . bft[ lgsfosf

] ;xof]u lg/Gt/ eO{ s]Gb|sf] jh]6 ljlgof]hg ePdf

pBf]ux? :yfkgf -;+Vof_ 165 170 197 229 265 308

pTkfbgdf lalalws/0f ug]{ -k|ltztdf_ 4 & !) !# !% !&ljlQo ;+:yfx?df hgtfsf] kx'+r -k|ltzt_ 15 22 26 30 34 40xf]d:6] :ykgf ug]{ 3/ w'/L 6 10 15 20 20 25ko{6lso :yn k|a4{g / ;'wf/ 19 25 28 30 32 33

k|ltkmn @Mu'0f:t/ lzIff, cg'zfl;t hgzlQm pTkfbg tyf ;dfg'kflts ;xefuLtfsf] ;fy} jfnd}qL jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ePsf] x'g]5 .

k|fylds txsf] GER36\g] -k|ltzt_ 112 !!@ !!) !)%

!)@

!)) lh= lz=sf= sf] k|ltj]bg

District Profile

;/sf/L cg'bfgdf j[l4 tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf

k|fylds txsf] NERj9\g] -k|ltzt_ 94 (% (^ (& (( !))k|fylds txsf] l;sfO pknAwLdf j[4L -k|ltzt_

46 $& %) %@

%%

^)

ljr}df ljBfno 5f]8g] b/df Go"gtf -k|ltzt_

15 !@ * % @ )

k|of]ufTds ;fdfu|Lsf] pknJw -e"uf]n / lj1fgsf cfwf/df, k|ltzt_

8 !) @) $) ^) *)

# b]lv % jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf afnaflnsfx?sf] k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|df egf{ b/ -k|ltzt_ .

42 $% $* %@

%%

^)

uflj; cg'bfg /sdaf6 k|f/lDes afn ljsf;df vr{ -k|ltzt_ .

0 $ !) @) #%

%)

Joj:yfkg ;ldlt¢f/f k|f/lDes jfn ljsf; s]Gb|sf] cg'udg -k|ltzt_ .

22 @% #) $% %) &%

lhNnf, gu/ :t/Lo k|lzIf0f, k|ltof]uLtf ;+rfn ug]{ -;Vof_ .

250 300 375 469 586 732

v]ns'b If]qdf lghL nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ -/sd ?= )))_ .

460 500 625 781 977 1221

-19-


dfGotfx?

k"0f{ vf]k k|fKt afnaflnsf -k|ltzt_ 81 91 92 94 96 99k|ltkmn #M:jf:Yo ;]jfdf u'0f:t/Lotf / k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ul/ lhNnfjf;Lsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] ;fy} :jf:Yo ;]jfdf u'0f:t/Lotf / k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ul/ lhNnfjf;Lsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g]5 .

emf8fkvfnf /f]u nfUg] b/ -k|ltxhf/_ 1074 910 865 821 780 741 cflhljof], clGtd dBfjlw / aflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg

• bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]usf] lg/Gt/tf tyf ;/sf/n] k|fyldstf /fv]sf] x'g]5 .

Zjf;k|Zjf; /f]u nfUg] b/ -k|ltxhf/_ 1278 1558 1480 1406 1336 1269cf};t kl/jf/ ;+Vof 3.0 3.5 4 5 6 7rf/}k6s k"j{k|;'tL ;]jf lng] ue{jtL dlxnf -k|ltzt_

68 80 84 88 93 97

k"0f{ vf]k uf=lj=;= -;+Vof_ 13 15 19 23 29 37k"0f{ ;+:yfut k|;'lt x'g] uf=lj=;= 2 2 5 10 15 25Ps 3/ Ps zf}rfno -k|ltzt_ 36 40 60 100 100 !))

k|ltkmn $M M;d'bfosf] :jf:Yo / jftfj/l0fo cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf] ;+:yfut lasf; tyf cfwf/e't ;t{x? k'/f ul/ jiff{ ofddf x'g] 8'jfgsf] ;d:ofjf6 d'Qm ePsf] x'g]5 .

;fj{hlgs zf}rfno -:yfg_ 2 4 4 4 5 6

NMIPk|ltj]bg cg';f/ -/fli6o ;"rgf Aoa:yfkg sfo{qmd

>f]tsf] lg/Gt/tf:jR5 lkpg] kfgLsf] k|of]u -k|ltzt_ 71 81 84 87 92 94

;j} ufla; / gu/kfnLsf dWo] v'nf lb;fd'Qm -;+Vof_ 16 18 58 58 58 58

zx/÷u|fld0f If]qdf kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg -k|ltzt_

19 22 25

28 31 35

zx/L If]qdf a[Iff/f]k0f -k|ltzt_ 4 5 6 8 10 12

D-wash/M-wash/V-wash ;ldtLx?sf] Ifdtf tyf ;+:yfut lasf; -k|ltzt_ 26 30 34 38 42 47

jftfj/0f d}qL lhNnf –uflj; -k|ltzt_ 9 10 11 13 14 16dlxnf ;fIf/tf -k|ltzt_

63 64 65 67 68 70

k|ltkmn %M;zlQms/0f

j8f gful/s d~r÷ljifout ;ldltdf dlxnf tyf nlIft ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj -k|ltzt_

30 33 35 36 38 40

-20-


dfGotfx?

dfkm{t dlxnf, jfnjflnsfsf, h]i7 gful/s, c;xfo, Psn dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g]5 .

x/]s If]qdf dlxnfsf] lg0ff{os e"ldsfdf ;xeflutf tyf n}+lus Go"gLs/0f -k|ltzt_

30 33 35 36 38 40

3/]n' lx+;fsf] Go"lgs/0f -k|ltzt_ 74 80 84 88 93 97

# b]lv % jif{ pd]/ ;dsf afnaflnsf k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|df egf{ -k|ltzt_

36 40 42 44 46 49

c;xfo ljkGg h]i7 gful/sx?sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt -k|ltzt_

42 46 48 51 53 56

afnd}qL uflj; 3f]if0ff 1 2 3 4 5 7ljBdfg gLlt lgdf{0fdf blntx?sf] ;xefuLtf -k|ltzt_ 16 17 19 22 25 29

k|ltkmn ^ M;fdflhs n}lu+s tyf hflto, wfld{s lje]b cGTo u/L ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf ;ldltx¿df nlIft ju{sf] ;+nUgtf -k|ltzt_ 61 65 68 75 80 90

of]hgfj4 jl:t tyf j;f]jf;, If]qsf] lgdf{0f -;+Vof_

2 2 5 6 7 8

k|ltkmn &McfjZos ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f / Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL gLltx? ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xsfo{df lgdf{0f u/L k|efjsf/L 9+udf nfu' ug]{ .

PsLs[t j:tL ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ ef}lts of]hgf th'{df eO{ nfu" ePsf cfjf; If]q -x]=_

0 0 5 7 10 15

ejg cfrf/;+lxtfsf] th'{df gePsf]

gePsf]

th"[{df ;'?

;DkGg

nfu' ;ldIff

jg If]qsf] klxrfg eO{ j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg nfu' -x]=_ 0 0 %) !)) !%) @))

k|ltkmn *M jghGo sRrf kbfy{sf] k|zf]wgsf nfuL 0 0 @ % * !) lh=j=sf ;/sf/L ;xof]u

-21-


dfGotfx?

;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtfdf yk j[l4 ub]{ lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f tyf s[lif kz'kfng Pj+ jg k}bfjf/, h8Lj'6L v]tL / kof{–ko{6gsf] ljsf;åf/f lhNnf leq /f]huf/Lsf] j[4L ug]{ .

pBf]u :yfkgf -;+Vof_ =sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bglhNnf j:t'ut k|f]kmfO{n

lg/Gt/ /x]df / ;d'bfosf] ;/f]sf/ /x]df• :yfgLo

lgsfosf] lgjf{rg eO{ lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw jxfn ePsf ePdf• pknAw

P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfsf] kl/kfngf x'g] tyf ;dofg"ns kl/dfh{g ePdf

jg k}bfjf/ / h8Lj'6L v]tLsf dfWodjf6 /f]huf/Ldf j[4L ug]{ -;+Vof_

125 !#@ @%) #%) $%) %))

;d'bfo:t/df s[lif jg k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsf/Ltfdf j[l4 -x]=_

30 #@ %) !)) @)) #))

;fdflhs k/LIf0f ug]{ :yfgLo tyf ljifout lgsfox? - ;+Vof_

0 3 5 10 15 25

k|ltkmn (M :yfgLo :t/df k|jfx x'g] ;j} ;+3;+:yfsf ;]jfx?nfO{ ;dfj]zL, k|ltkmnd"ns / k|efjsf/L jgfpg] .

lhNnfdf ;'zf;gsf If]qdf lqmofzLn gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yf -;+Vof_

11 12

20 25 30 40 • ;+rf/dfWoddf k|sflzt ;fdu|Lx?

;fd'bflos ;+:yfdf cfj4 gePsf kl/jf/ -k|ltzt_

24 25 22 28 16 15

-22-

#=^=@ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf If]qut ;dli6ut p2]Zox?bf];|f] cflhljof]n] to u/]sf lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf If]qut ;di6Lut p2]Zox?

ljifout If]qsf cfwf/df b]xfo jdf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf 5g .s_ cfly{s ljsf;M :yfgLo:t/df pTkfbg tyf ;]jfhGo /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ a[l4

eO{ lhNnfjf;Lsf] ;du| cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug]{ .

v_ ;fdflhs ljsf;M :yfgLo ljsf; / zf;gdf dlxnf, afnaflnsf, blnt, o"jf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm,

h]i7 gful/s nufot ljkGg If]q / ju{;d'bfosf JolQmx?sf] kxF'rdf clea[l4 eO{ ;dGoflos ljsf; nufot ;fdflhs l:yltdf ;'wf/ ug]{ .

u_jg, jftfj/0ftyf ljkb Joj:yfkgM jg, jftfj/0f k|fs[lts tyf h}ljs ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / ljt/0f k|

0ffnLdf ;'wf/sf ;fy} ljkb Joj:yfkg ul/ lhNnfsf] lbuf] tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng ljsf; ug]{ .

3_ ef}lts k"af{wf/ ljsf;M lhNnfjf;Lsf] k"af{wf/ ljsf;sf If]qdf kx'Fr clea[l4 ug]{ .

ª_ ;+:yfut ljsf;M lhNnfjf;LnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo, l56f], 5l/tf], k|efjsf/L / kf/bzL{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Ifd :yfgLo zf;g k4ltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

#=^=# cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf laifo If]qut p2]Zox?cfly{s ljsf;• s[lif pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 eO{ hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/

x'g'sf ;fy} lhNnfnfO{ vfB ;'/Iffdf cfTdlge{/ ug]{ . • s[lif Joj;fosf] JojzfoLs/0fdf hf]8 lb+b} gub]jfnL, df};dL tyf j]df};dL

kmnkm"n / t/sf/L v]ltsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ .• s[lif k|ljlw k|rf/k|;f/åf/f pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf j[4L ug'{'sf ;fy} jfnLsf]

ljljwLs/0f ug]{ .• kz'kfng Joj;fosf] Joj;foLs/0fdf hf]8 lb+b} kz'kfngsf] ljsf; tyf

/f]huf/Ldf j[l4 ug]{ . • s[ifssf] cfo cfh{gdf j[4L eO{ kf]if0f l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] .• pBf]u ;/f]sf/jfnf jLr ;dGjo u/L Plss[t ?ddf ;]jf k'/fO lbuf] pBd :yfkgf

tyf k|j4{g ug]{ .• ;xsf/Lsf] k[i7kf]if0f ub}{ gLltut txsf] Joj:yfnfO{ a}+s tyf ;xsf/Lx?

n] sfof{Gjog ug]{ .• ko{6lso ljsf;sf nfuL cfjZos k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .• :yfgLo snf ;+:s[tLsf]] klxrfg ul/ ko{6lso If]qsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf cfjZos

;"rgfx? k|jfx ug]{ .

;fdflhs ljsf;• z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ ul/ cfwf/e't lzIffnfO{ ;j{;'ne jgfO{ jfnjflnsfx?

nfO{ l;sfOsf] cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ .• lhNnfsf] z}lIfs cjz/df ;j} ju{sf] kx'+rdf j[l4 ul/ lhNnfsf] s"n ;f/If/tf

b/df j[l4 ug]{ .-21-

• u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ lzIfssf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf ef}lts k"jfwf{/sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{] .

• lhNnfsf ;j} ljBfnox?sf] jftfj/0fnfO{ afnd}qL tyf ckf+ud}qLsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .

• k|fljlws tyf Jojzflos lzIff, tflndsf nflu k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf sIff ;~rfng ug]{ .

• :jf:Yo ;]jfdf u'0f:t/Lotf / k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ul/ lhNnfjf;Lsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] .

• ;d'bfosf] :jf:Yo / jftfj/l0fo cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;ldltsf] ;+:yfut lasf; ug]{ .

• vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf cfwf/e't ;t{x? k'/f ug{ zf}rfno lgdf{0f tyf 9n lgsf;sf] Aoj:yf ul/ aftfj/0f k|b'if0f sd ug'{'sf ;fy} jiff{ofddf x'g] 8'jfgsf] ;d:ofjf6 hgtfnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ .

• dlxnf ;zlQms/0fåf/f plgx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ NofO{ gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnf ;xeflutfdf j[l4 ug]{ .

• jfnjflnsfsf] ;du| ljsf;sf nfuL afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

• ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] jt{dfg l:yltdf ;'b[9 ug]{ .• v]ns'bsf] ljsf;sf nfuL v]nsf]] Joj;foLs/0f ul/ v]nf8Lsf] hLjg:t/ dfly

psf:b} cfjZos ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/L /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o:t/sf v]n k|ltof]lutfx? ;+rfng ug]{ .

• ;fdflhs n}lu+s tyf hflto, wfld{s lje]b cGTo u/L ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .

• blnt tyf nlIft ju{x?n] ;dfhdf ;Ddfgk"0f{ tj/n] j:g;Sg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ug]{ .

• klxrfg ;lxtsf] n}lu+s, cNk;+Vos tyf nlIft ;d'xsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

• /fHojf6 pknAw x'g] lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/Ldf t;|f] lnlË ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/ plgx?sf] :yfgnfO{ ;dfhdf ;Ddfghgs jgfpg] .

ef}lts k"af{wf/ ljsf;• cfjZos ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f / Joj:yfkg ug]{.• ;DjGwL gLltx? ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xsfo{df lgdf{0f u/L k|efjsf/L 9+udf

nfu' ug]{ .• ;8s, oftfoft / ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ .• l;+rfO{df k|efjsf/L Aoj:yf ul/ pTkfbgdf a[l4 ug]{ .• ;xh ljB"t cfk'lt{ u/L hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] .• ;"rgf, ;~rf/ / k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / pkof]udf hgtfsf] kx''Fr clea[l4 ug]{ .

jg tyf jftfj/0f ljsf; ;/sf/L agdf /fhdfu{ blIf0f If]qsf hgtfsf] kx'r sfod ug]{ / ag

cltqmd0f ;fy} km8fgL lgoGq0f ug]{ . ;fj{hlgs, lghL hUufx?df a[Iff/f]k0f u/L hl8a'6L v]tL kof{ ko{6g /

pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgf u/L cfo cfh{g ug]{ .-22-

;fd'bfoLs agsf] cflGtl/s >f]t kl/rfng u/L ag lasf; / ;fdhLs, cfly{s lasf; ug]{ .

e" Ifo , gbL s6fg lgoGq0f ug]{ / l;d;f/ If]q ,tfn tn}of kf]vl/x?sf] ;/If0f u/L l;rfO{ / vfg]kfgLsf] Aofj:yfkg ug]{ .

ufla;, gkf / lhNnf:t/df lakb Aoj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

e"ldut / d'xfgx?sf] Aoj:yfkg u/L kmf]xf]/af6 h}jLs dn / phf{ pTkfbg ug]{ .

;+:yfut ljsf; :yfgLo efiffnfO{ u|fXotf lbb} x:tIf]k /lxt k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf tof/ ug]{ . :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpb} Jojl:yt cg'udg tyf

d"Nof+sgsf] ljlwaf6 ;dfhdf ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ . :yfgLo:t/df ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;dfj]zL, k|ltkmnd"ns / k|efjsf/L jgfpg] . k|zf;sLo ;+/rgfnfO{ ;'b[9 u/L hgd}qL agfpg] k|zf;gnfO{ /fhg}lts x:tIf]k d'Qm agfO{ :yfgLo efiffnfO{ u|fx\otf

lbg] ljz'4 ;]jf ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ Jojl:yt agfpb} ;fd'bflos ;

+:yfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] . cg'udg / d"Nof+sgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpb} bft[ lgsfox?nfO{

kf/bzL{tfsf ;fy ;dGjo u/fpg] . :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpb} lghL, ;fd'bflos Plss[t ljsf;sf

sfo{qmd cg';f/ ;|f]t kl/rfngdf lghL tyf ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

#=^=$ lhNnf ljsf;sf k|d'v /0fgLltx?cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] nIo xfl;n ug{ lglZrt /0fgLltx? tof/ ul/Psf

5g\ . cflhljof]n] /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo nIo ljrsf] ;dGjofTds sfo{ ;d]t ug]{ x'+bf oxfF ;dfj]z ul/Psf /0fgLltx? cflhljof]sf nflu dfu{bz{s /0fgLltsf] ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf, hg;+Vofsf] agf}6, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, dfgjLo Ifdtf, ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf, / :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] cj:yfnfO{ Wofgdf /flv of] cflhljof] b]xfosf /0fgLltx? ckgfO{ sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .• ;xeflutf"ns k4ltjf6 th'{df ul/Psf] of] cfjlws of]hgf ;xeflutd"ns k4lt

cg';f/ g} sfof{Gjog ul/g]5, o:df :yfgLo lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjodf clea[l4 ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .

• k|To]s ljifo If]q;+u;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf] jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ubf{ o; cflhljof]nfO{ clgjfo{?kdf cjnDjg ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .

• :yfgLo ;Lk, ;|f]t ;fwgsf] klxrfg, kl/rfng, Ifdtf ljsf;, s[lif tyf u}/ s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg j[l4 /f]huf/L ;[hgf / ul/jL Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] x+'bf o; If]qdf sfo{ ug{ OR5's :yfgLo tyf jfXo ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;d]t ;xeflutf j[l4 u/L of]hgf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

-23-

• lhNNffdf s[lif, ko{6g, pBf]u Jofkf/ k|j4{g ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] xF'bf o:tf If]qx?df ljz]if Wofg lbO{g]5 .

• :yfgLo ljsf; k|lqmofdf /fhg}lts g]t[Tjsf] e'ldsfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL jflif{s of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjgdf ;j} ;s[o :yfgLo /fhg}lts bnx?sf] ;xof]u / ;dGjo k|fKt ul/g]5 .

• :yfgLo:t/sf ;/f]jf/jfnf lgsfox?, ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+u7g, ljleGg ;ldlt tyf pk–;ldltx?sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; / of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf lhDd]jf/L / ckgTj ;[hgf x'g] u/L sfo{ ul/g]5 .

• ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ljleGg ju{, ef}uf]lns If]q, ln+Ë, km/s Ifdtf ePsf JolQm / hfthflt ljz]ifsf] ;d"lrt ljsf;sf] k|Tofe"lt x'g] u/L of]hgf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

• nlIft ju{ ;DaGwL of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, ;]jf ;'ljwf, cg'udgdf tL ju{sf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .

• :yfgLo lgsfo, g]kfn ;/sf/, ljifout sfof{no, ljQLo ;+:yf, /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o u};;, ljsf; ;fem]bf/, lghL If]q, ;xsf/L, :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;d]t ;|f]t kl/rfng u/L of]hgf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

• of]hgf sfof{Gjog / cg'udgdf ;+o'Qm cg'udg k4ltsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 / kf/bzL{tf / ;'zf;gsf Go"gtd\ cfwf/x?sf] clgjfo{?kdf kl/kfng ul/g]5 .

• ;fj{hlgs ef}lts ;+/rgfsf ;fy} :yfgLo ljsf;nfO{ afnd}qL tyf ckfËtfd}qL agfOg]5 .

• n}+lus d"nk|jflxs/0f gLltnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .• g]kfn ;/sf/sf gjLgtd\ gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? h:t}, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g,

aftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g / hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf /0fgLltx? cjnDjg ul/g]5 . • ;fdflhs kl/rfngnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfOg]5 .• ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0ffsf] sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . • /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ tyf /fHosf ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] ljt/0fdf dlxnf, blnt, tyf cfly{s?

kdf ljkGg ju{, ckfË, / o"jfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .• ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ s[lif ks]6 If]q, ko{6g If]q / :yfgLo ;]jf s]Gb|

nfO{ hf]8\g] ;8snfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .• lhlj; / uflj;x?nfO{ cfTdlge{/ jgfpg cfGtl/s ;|f]tx?sf] klxrfg u/L

kl/rfng ul/g'sf ;fy} k|rlnt s/, b:t'/ / ;]jf z'Nssf] bfo/fnfO{ km/flsnf] jgfO{g]5 .

#=^=% lhNnf ljsf;sf k|fyldstfx?cflhljof]sf] nflu ljleGg r/0fsf 5nkmn tyf k/fdz{sf cfwf/df lgDg laifo

If]qut k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .• ;fdflhs Gofo -dlxnf, blnt, afnjflnsf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, h]i7 gful/s_

sf ;fy} kl5 k/]sf e]u -If]q_ / ju{ ;d'bfox? s]lGb|t ljsf;• u'0f:t/Lo lzIff• ;j{;'ne tyf u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf• s[lifdf Joj;flos/0f• s[lif, kz';]jf, jghGo pBf]u If]qdf ;Lk ljsf; / /f]huf/L • pGgt tyf Joj;flos kz'kfng• 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u Joj;fo, ;xsf/L] ljsf;

-24-

• ko{6g tyf oftfoft• jg, jftfj/0f tyf kof{j/0f ;+/If0f

#=^=^ lhNnf ljsf;sf k"jf{g'dfgx?

lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogdf k"jf{g'dfgx?nfO{ b]xfo jdf]lhd pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ .

d'n'sdf lbuf] zfGtL sfod eO{ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ljsf; lgdf{0f Ps h'6 ePsf x'g]5g\ .

of]hgfn] ck]Iff u/] cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf bft[ lgsfox?af6 ;xof]u k|fKt x'g]5 .

lk5l8Psf] If]q, ju{sf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ePsf x'g]5g\ . nfdf] ;do ;Dd hgk|ltlglwljlxg :yfgLo lgsfox?df lgjf{rg

eO{ hglgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?n] sfo{ef/ ;dfn]sf x'g]5g .#=^=& s]lGb|o of]hgf;Fu cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] ;DaGw

:yfgLo txsf] jf:tljstf, ;d:of / ;antf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] l;4fGt / ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k4lt cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . o;}cg'¿k ;a} ;fem]bf/x¿sf] ;+nUgtfdf ;xeflutfd"ns k4ltaf6 tof/ x'g] cfjlws of]hgfn] :yfgLo oyfy{tfdf cfwfl/t eO{ :yfgLo ;d:of ;dfwfg ub}{ lhNnfjf;Lsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;d'Gglt ug{df k|efjsf/L ult k|bfg ub{5 . t/ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] ;DjGwM /fli6«o cfjlws of]hgf, /fli6«o:t/sf ljifout / lb3{sflng of]hgfx¿ -h:t} lhNnf lzIff of]hgf, jg ljsf; u'? of]hgf, s[lif ljsf; of]hgf;Fu tfbfDotf (compitability),gLltut / sfo{ut ;dGjo Pjd\ plrt cGt/;DaGw sfod x'g' cToGt h?/L 5 . lhNnf:t/ o:tf] ynf] xf] hxfF Psftkm{ j:tL:t/af6 l;lh{t eO{ cfpg] :yfgLo rfxgf, cfjZostf / dfun] qmdzM of]hgfsf] k|f¿k lgwf{/0f ub}{ cfpF5 eg] csf]{tkm{ /fli6«o gLlt, k|fyldstf / sfo{qmdx¿ klg lhNnf txaf6} jf:tljs ¿kdf sfof{Gjogdf nlug] x'gfn] :yfgLo / /fli6«o:t/sf gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmd e]6 x'g] ;femf :yn lhNnf g} xf] . To;}n] logLx¿aLr plrt tfnd]n, ;dGjo / PsLs/0f x'g' h?/L 5 .

o; l;nl;nfdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf, /fli6«o of]hgf / ljleGg ljifout of]hgfaLr b]xfosf s'/fx¿df sfo{ut ;dGjo / PsLs/0f u/L logLx¿ Pscsf{df kl/k"/s x'g] u/L of]hgf th"{{{dfb]lv sfof{Gjog tx;Dd pko'Qm ;+oGq :yflkt ul/g'kg]{ x'G5 . -!_ of]hgfsf] bL3{sfnLg / dWosfnLg nIo Pjd\ p2]Zox¿ . -@_ of]hgf th"{{{df k4lt / To;sf cfwf/x¿ . -#_ gLlt, sfo{gLlt / l;4fGtx¿ . -$_ sfo{qmd / lqmofsnfkx¿ .-%_ sfof{Gjog Joj:yf . -^_ cg'udg, d"Nof+sg / k[i7kf]if0fsf] k4lt .-&_ ;+:yfut Pjd\ ;ª\u7gfTds Joj:yf .

-25-

v08 rf/ ljifout of]hgfsf ;"rs tyf sfo{lgltx?

$=! cfly{s ljsf;ljsf;;+u ;DjlGwt ljleGg ljifout lgsfox?sf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df lhNnfdf

s"n hg;+Vofsf] &) k|ltzt hg;+Vof s[lif k]zfdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . tyflk, lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf /f]huf/L l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] :j?k vf;u/L s[lif If]qn] g} cf]u6]sf] ePtf klg u}/ s[lif If]qsf] t'ngfdf sd g} 5 . cfly{s ;+/rgfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ cy{tGqsf gf} If]qnfO{ x]g'{ kg]{ x'G5 . tL If]qx? s[lif, dT:o tyf jg, vfgL tyf pTvgg\, pBf]u, ljB't, UofF; tyf kfgL, lgdf{0f, Jofkf/, /]i6'/]G6 tyf xf]6n, oftfoft, ;~rf/ tyf e08f/0f, ljQ tyf l/on :6]6 / ;fd'bflos tyf ;fdflhs /x]sf 5g\ . s'n cy{tGqdf s[lif If]qsf] #&=*$ k|ltzt of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 eg] ;a} eGbf sd of]ubfg vfgL tyf pTvgg\sf] If]qn] u/]sf] 5 . u}/ s[lif If]qsf] lx;fjdf ^@=!^ k|ltzt of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . u}/ s[lif If]q dWo] pBf]u, snsf/vfgf n] !^=&$ k|ltzt, Joffkf/, /]i6'/]i6 tyf xf]6nn] !!=@$ k|ltzt of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . /f]huf/L >[hgfsf If]qx? s[lif tyf u}/ s[lif If]qg} x'g . /f]huf/Lsf] j[l4;+u} JolQmsf] k|ltJolQm cfo ;d]t j[l4 x'g] b]lvG5 . o;af6 eGg ;lsG5 lhNnfsf] ljsf; Pj+ cy{tGqdf j[l4 ug{ oL If]qx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 .

s[lif÷kz' ;]jf If]qsf] ;'b[l9s/0f u/L lgof{td'vL agfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy cfly{s ljsf;sf] ;"rs tyf sfo{qmdx? to ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnfdf vfBfGg, bnxg, d;nf, t]nxg, kmnkm"n afnLx¿ Joj;flos ?kdf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf cnfjf, lhNnfn] kz'kfngsf nflu ;d]t k|z:t ;Defjgf jf]s]]sf] 5 . oxf+ ahf/sf] ;'ljwf tyf ;8ssf] lj:tf/n] s[ifsx?df kz'kfngk|ltsf] cfsif{0fdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . kmn:j?k, oxf+ pGgt gZnsf ufO{ tyf e}+;Lx?sf] Jojl:yt ?kdf kfng sfo{ ;'? ul/Psf] 5 eg] lhNnfsf] pQ/L If]qdf plrt r/0f, kf]lifnf] 8fn]3fF; / ahf/sf] /fd|f] ;Defjgfsf sf/0f afv|fkfng Joj;fonfO{ ;d]t Joj;foLs/0f ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . o:tf ultljlwx?n] lhNnfdf yk /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ tyf cfDbfgLdf ;d]t kof{Kt j[l4 u/L s[ifsx?sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ug{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 .tyflk, ;Defjgf tyf cj;/ x'Fbfx'Fb} klg lhNnfsf] s[ifL k|0ffnL Joj;flos x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . lhNnf leq /x]sf] s'n v]tLof]Uo hldgsf] 7'nf] lx:;f lgjf{xd'vL v]lt k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ljBdfg ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg / pknAw ;Defjgf / cj;/sf] clwstd pkof]u ub}{ lhNnfdf s[ifL k]zfnfO{ Joj;flos, k|lt:kwL{ tyf dof{lbt agfpg' kg{] vfFrf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] If]qx?df s[lif, l;+rfO, kz' ;]jf, pBf]u, Jofkf/–Joj;fo, ko{6g tyf a}+s Pjd\ ljQLo If]q /x]sf 5g\ . cflhljof] th'{dfsf l;nl;nfdf k|:t't If]qx?nfO{ ;d]6L ;d:of tyf ;Defjgf ljZn]if0f, ;"rs tyf sfo{lgltx? to ul/Psf] 5 . h:fnfO{, b]xfo jdf]lhd k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

25

-s_ cfly{s ljsf;;Fu ;DjlGwt ;"rsx?ljj/0ffTds

;+If]k;'rs tyf dfkgsf cfwf/x? k'i6\

ofO{sf cfwf/x?

dfGotfx?;"rsx? -

cfwf/jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

pknlJwMs[lif tyf kz'hGo j:t' / vfBfGgdf lhNnf cfTdlge{/ x'g'sf ;fy} pBf]u, ;xsf/L tyf ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf;eO{ ul/jL Go"lgs/0fdf 6]jf k'u]]sf] x'g]5 .

vfB k|ofKttf -^ dlxgf eGbf sd vfg k'Ug] kl/jf/ k|ltzt_ 13.45 11.13 10 8.5 7.5 5.5

lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bglhNnf j:t'ut kfZj{lrq

cgfj[li6 -v8]/L_,

cltj[li6 -af9L

k}/f]_, dfxfdf/L cfbLsf] k|sf]k gePdf .

bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]u lg/Gt/ eO{ s]Gb|sf] jh]6 ljlgof]hg ePdf

vfB k|ofKttf -!@ dlxgf eGbf j9L vfg k'Ug] kl/jf/ k|ltzt_ 32.44 34.43 40.5 50.5 60.5 75

cf}ift Hofnf k|lt lbg -?=_ 331 350 450 550 750 1000lhNnfsf] s[lif If]qsf] -s[lif ;]jf tkm{_ j[l4b/ k|ltztdf_ 6 8 9 11 13 16

k|lt AolQm k|lt aif{ vfBfGGf pknAwtf -s]= hL=_ 192 200 236 278 329 388

lhNnffsf] s[lif If]qsf -s[lif ;]jf tkm{_ s"n ufx|{:y pTkfbg -?= cj{df_

5.66 7.5 8 8.5 9.5 10

pBf]ux? :yfkgf -;+Vof_ 165 170 197 229 265 308pTkfbgdf lalalws/0f ug]{ -k|ltztdf_ 4 & !) !# !% !&ljlQo ;+:yfx?df hgtfsf] kx'+r -k|ltzt_ 15 22 26 30 34 40

xf]d:6] :ykgf ug]{ 3/ w'/L -;+Vof_ 6 10 15 20 20 25

ko{6lso :yn k|a4{g / ;'wf/ -;+Vof_ 19 25 28 30 32 33

k|ltkmn + !MlhNnf s[lif pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/ eO{ hgtfsf]

vfBfGg pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 5888 7850 8090 8250 8870 9600 lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] tYof+s k|ltj]bg

wfg pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 392330 435486 483389 536561 595582 661096wfg pTkfbsTj -d]=6g÷x]]=_ 3 3.87 4.82 5.25 5.55 6ux'F pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 26579 35438 42525.6 51030 61236 73484ux'F pTkfbsTj -d]=6g÷x]]=_ 2 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.3 3.7ds} -d] 6g_ 50426 67235 84044 94129 105424 118075

26

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k

;'rs tyf dfkgsf cfwf/x? k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x?

dfGotfx?;"rsx? -

cfwf/jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

cfly{s cj;yfdf ?kfGt/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

ds} pTkfbsTj d]=6g÷x]]=_ 3 3.48 4.4 4.9 5.5 6.1t]nxg pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 8498 11331 14164 15863 17767 19899t]nxg pTkfbsTj -d]=6g÷x]]=_ 0.95 1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7bnxg pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 8756 11675 14594 16345 18306 20503bnxg pTkfbsTj d]=6g÷x]]=_ 1 1.09 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9d;nf jfnL pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 6516 8688 10860 12163 13623 15258d;nf jfnL pTkfbsTj d]=6g÷x]]=_ 7 8.68 10.9 12.2 13.6 15.2

h'6 pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 7898 10530 13163 14742 16511 18492h'6 pTkfbsTj d]=6g÷x]]=_ 1 1.58 2 2.2 2.5 2.8lrof pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 34 45 56 63 70 79lrof pTkfbsTj d]=6g÷x]]=_ 0 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.5 2.5kmnkm'nsf] pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 1320 1760 2200 2464 2760 3091t/sf/L pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 5344 7125 8906 9975 11172 12513df5f pTkfbg -d] 6g_ 1913 2550 3188 3570 3998 4478

k|ltkmn @ M k|f+ufl/s v]ltsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/åf/f jfnL ljljlws/0f eO{ jfnL ;wgtfdf j[4L ePsf] x'g]5 .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ;Da4{g -k|ltzt _ 11 15 18 20 25 30

xfnsf] jfln ;3gtf 116 155 175 200 250 300k|f+ufl/s v]ltsf] lj:tf/ - k|ltzt _ 4 5 8 12 15 20s[lif k|ljlw k|;f/ tyf ;]jf k|jfx -;+Vof_ 19 25 35 45 60 80

k|ltkmn # M Jojzflos s[lif k|0ffnLdf s[ifsx? pGd'v

If]lqo ahf/sf] lj:tf/ -;+Vof_ 8 10 15 20 25 40s[lif pBf]uwGbfsf] lj:tf/ -;+Vof_ 9 12 15 18 20 25tf]/L dLnsf] ;+Vofdf a[4L -;+Vof_ 9 12 15 18 20 25

lhljsf]kfh{g v]lt k|0ffnLaf6 8 10 12 15 20 30

27

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k


dfGotfx?;"rsx? -

cfwf/jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

eO{ s[lifhGo pTkfbgsf] e08f/0f, k|iff]wgsf] nfuL cfjZos ahf/ Joj:yfkg ePsf] x'g]5 .

Joj;foLs v]lttkm{ pGd'v -k|ltzt_/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/df a[4L -k|ltzt_

11 15 20 25 30 40

k|ltkmn $Mkz';]jf If]q ;'b[9 eO{ kz'hGo pTkfbgsf] lgof{t k|j4{g ePsf] x'g]5 .

kz' pTkfbg a[lw b/ 5.8 ^=! ^=@% ^=& &=) &=% lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{nosf] aflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg

;/sf/L sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/tf ePdf

kz' kmd{ ;+Vof 187 @@% @&% #@% $)) %))s[lqd uef{wfg s]Gb| ;+Vof 21 @% @* #@ #% $)kz' aw:yn ;+Vof 2 $ ^ & ( !@3f+; v]tLla:tf/ x]= 1875 @))) #%)) %))) &))) ()))s[=u= se/]h k|ltzt 28 @& #) #% #* $@bfgfpBf]u ;+Vof 3 4 5 6 7 9b'Uwk|zf]wg s]Gb ;+Vof 3 4 5 6 7 9df;' k|zf]wg s]Gb| ;+Vof 1 2 3 4 5 7Joal:yt awzfnf ;+Vof 1 1 2 3 3 4pGgt,qm; ufO{ ;Vof 160350 !*)$!& !(%^)) @@)))) @%)))) @*))))pGgt ,qm; e}+;L ;+Vof 48505 %!%)& %%))) ^@))) &)))) &*)))b'w pTkfbg -d]=6=_ 13540 !$#))) !%)))) !^@))) !&%))) !())))df;' pTkfbg-d]=6=_ 11600 !@))) !#%)) !%%)) !&))) !()))c08f pTkfbg-xhf/_ 49000 %!))) %%))) ^@))) &)))) &%)))kz'sf] d[To" b/ k|ltzt 2.7 @=% @=@ !=^ !=$ !=@%;'wfl/Psf] df;' k;n 13 !% @% #) $) %)8]/L k;n ;+Vof 6 & !) !# !& @%df;' kl/If0f k|of]uzfnf 0 ) ) ! ! !kz' ;]jf s]Gb|sf] ejg 2 @ $ & !) !@kz' ;]jfdf cfw'lgspks/0fsf] k|of]u 9.7 !) @) #) #% $)

28

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k


dfGotfx?;"rsx? -

cfwf/jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

k|ltztkz' ;]jf hgzlQm ;+Vof 70 90 115 147 188 241

k|ltkmn % M n3', 3/]n', ;fgf, demf}nf pBf]ux? :yfkgf eO{ :yfgLo :t/df /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf ePsf] x'g]5 .

pBf]ux? :yfkgf -;+Vof_ 165 170 197 229 265 308 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nosf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg / lh=lj=;= sf] k|f]kmfOn .

ljB"t cfk'tL{, hgzlQm, sRrf kbfy{, k"hL / jhf/Ls/0fsf] ;'ljwf lg/Gt/ /x]df .

/f]huf/L -;+Vof_ 5625 7500 8400 9408 10537 11801pBdLx?sf] cfodf j[4L -k|ltzt jflif{s 11 15 17 20 23 26

pTkflbta:t'sf] ahf/Ls/0fdf kxF'r -k|ltztdf_ 13 !% @) @% #) #%pBdlzntf lasf; -;+++Vof_

4800 %)** %@)) %%)) %&)) %(%)

k|ltkmn ^M ljlQo ;+:yfx?df u|fld0f :t/sf hgtfx?sf] kx+'rdf j[l4eO{ hgtfn] yk shf{ k|fKt u/]sf x'g]5g\ .

ljlQo ;+:yfx?df hgtfsf] kx'+r -k|ltzt_ 15 22 26 30 34 40

g]=/f= a}+ssf] jflif{s jflif{s k|ltj]bg .:yfgLo ;xsf/L;+:yfx?sf] k|ltj]bg .

;:tf] Jofhb/ ljleGg ljlQo ;+:yf k|jfxdf lgoldttf ePdf .

yk shf{sf nfuL of]Uo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof 14 18 21 24 28 33

Jflif{s yf]s shf{ nufgL % k|ltzt jf6 * k|ltzt ePsf]df

8 8 7 6 5 5

k|ltkmn &M u'0f:tl/o ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf tyf Joj:yfkg u/L

;xsf/L Plss/0f -;+Vof_ 338 450 518 595 684 787 lhNnf ;xsf/L sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bg .

;/sf/L lglt lg/Gt/ /x]df .Joj;fodf nufgLsf] j[l4 -jflif{s

/sd ? cj{_ 19 25 29 33 38 44

/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/df j[4L -;+Vof_ 1699 2265 2605 2995 3445 3961;xsf/Ldf cfj4 3/w'/L ;+Vof 11250 15000 17250 19838 22813 26235

29

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k


dfGotfx?;"rsx? -

cfwf/jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

/f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf ePsf] x'g]5 .k|ltkmn * M ko{6lso ljsf;sf nfuL] lhNnfdf cfjZos k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ePsf] x'g]5 .

k|j]z4f/ lgdf{0f -;+Vof_ 3 4 5 6 8 10 ;+:s[lt tyf ko{6g dGqfnosf] k|ltj]bglhlj; tyf pk dxfgu/kflnsfsf] k|ltj]bg .

;/sf/L k|fyldstf tyf bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf .

kfs{ lgdf{0f tyf :t/Ggf]tL -;+Vof_ 1 1 1 2 2 2

:tl/o xf]6nsf] Joj:yf -;+Vof_ 6 8 10 13 16 20ko{6lso j; Joj:yfkg -;+Vof_ 0 0 0 0 0 0ko{6lso :yfnx?df ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno -;+Vof_ 2 3 4 5 6 7

ko{6lso ;'rgf s]Gb| lgdf{0f -;+Vof_ 1 1 1 2 2 2

lrl8of3/ -kz' pBfg_ -;+Vof_ 0 0 0 1 0 2xf]d:6] :ykgf ug]{ 3/ w'/L 6 10 15 20 20 25ko{6lso :yn agfpg] 19 25 28 30 32 33

k|ltkmn (M ko{6lso If]qsf] klxrfgsf nfuL cfjZos ;"rgfx? tof/ eO{ ko{6gsf] lbuf] ljsf; ePsf] x'g]5 .

ko{6lso Route maptof/L -;+Vof_ 1 1 4 5 8 10 lh=lj=; tyfko{6g sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bg .

;/sf/L ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf .

;"rgfsf nfuL j'sn]6 tyf j|f];/ 2 2 4 5 8 10;lrq / >Aob[iosf] tof/L 2 2 3 3 4 5wfld{s d7, dlGb/, u'7L, dl:hb tyf u'Djfx?sf] ;+/If0f -;+Vof_ 5 6 8 9 12 15

k|fs[lts tfn tn}of / k|s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf nfuL u'?of]hgfsf] tof/L 1 1 0 0 0 0

30

-v_ cfly{s ljsf;;+u ;DjlGwt sfo{gLltx?s[lif• s[lifsf] Jo;foLs/0f, ljljlws/0f tyf cf}Bf]lus/0f tyfk|ljlwsf] pkof]u

ug{ ;Sg] s[ifs, pBdL, o"jf tyf lj1x?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 .• v]tLof]Uo vfnL hldgnfO{ s[lif pTkfbg tyf kz'kfngdf pkof]u

ug{ :yfgLo jfl;Gbf vf;u/L o"jf ju{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .• df6f]sf] pj{/f zlQm bL3{sfnLg ?kdf sfod /fVg esf/f] ;'wf/

sfo{qmdnfO{ gd"gf sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . • cfjZos 1fg, ;Lk / nufgLsf] dfWodåf/f u|fdL0f s[lif ko{6g ljsf; / k|

jw{gdf o"jf tyf s[ifsx?nfO{ cfsif{0f ul/g]5 . • lhNnfdf ;+rflnt k|d'v k|fyldstf k|fKt k|d'v ;8s cfof]hgf, pTkfbglzn tyf

l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw If]qdf s[lif pTkfbg, Joj;fo tyf pBd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . • s[lif k|;f/sf] kxF'r j[l4 ug{ u|fdL0f s[lif sfo{stf{, u|fdL0f kz' :jf:y

sfo{stf{ tyf :yfgLo /]l8of] / kqklqsfsf] pkof]u ul/g]5 .• s[lif If]qnfO{ Jojzflos/0f, ljljlws/0f u/L /f]huf/sf cj;/ a9fpg ;/sf/L,

u}/;/sf/L Pj+ lghL If]qdf bIf hgzlQm ljsf; u/L nlIft If]q Pj+ ju{sf] cfly{s pTyfg ul/g]5 .

• Joj;flos s[lif tyf kz' kmd{ ;+rfng, Joj;fo ljsf; / lj:tf/sf] nflu s[lif C0fsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ ljsf; tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo ul/g]5 .

• u|fdL0f If]qdf s[lif tyf kz'hGo pTkfbg clea[l4 ug{ yf]s ahf/, s[lif ;8s, ljB't, ;+rf/, ;+sng s]Gb|, lzte08f/, xf6 ahf/ h:tf k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

• :yfgLo lgsfo, sfof{no, u};;, gLlh If]q;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo Pj+ 5nkmn u/L s[lif If]qsf] PsLs[t tYofÍsf] cfwf/ tof/ u/L cBfjlws ul/g]5 / tYofÍdf cfwfl/t of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg / d"NofÍgsf] cEof; ul/g]5 .

• o"jfZflQmnfO{ pko'Qm k|ljlw, ;Lk / k"Flh pknAw u/fO{ slif If]qdf cfslif{t ub}{ s[lif k]zfnfO{ Joj;flos / ;Ddflgt agfOg]5 .

• :yfgLo lgsfo dftxt /xg] u/L s[lif tyf kz' k|fljlws ;lxt k|To]s ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf s[lif tyf kz' k|;f/ s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;]jf ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

• s[lif If]qsf] sfo{qmd th'{df, cg'udg tyf k|efjsfl/tfsf] nflu ;xeflutfd"ns cg'udg / s[ifs cg'udgsf] cEof; ul/g]5 .

• ;fgf / ;LdfGt s[ifsnfO{ ;d"x÷;xsf/Ldf cfj4 u/fO{ sd cfotg / pRr d"No (High Value and Low Volume) sf afnL÷j:t' pTkfbg ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

• df5f, Rofp, tyf pRrd"Nosf d;nf afnLx¿nfO{ ljif]z k|fyldstf lbO{ ;]jf, k|ljlw / Ifdtf / nufgL a9fOg]5 .

• ul/a tyf ;fgf s[ifs÷nlIft ju{sf] kfl/jfl/s kf]if0f tyf vfB ;'/Iffdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;+u cg's"ng x'g] h}ljs ljljwtfdf cfwfl/t v]tL k|0ffnLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

• lb3{sfnLg ?kdf s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ ;Dj4{g u/L kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng clej[l4 ul/g]5 .

• aLh j[l4 sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng u/L s[ifs ;d'x tyf s[ifL ;xsf/Lx¿nfO{ g} aLp ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 .

• s[lif JojzfoLs/0fsf nflu cu'jf s[ifs ljsf;, cfw'lgs/0f / oflGqsLs/0f ug{ hf]8 lbOg]5 .

29

• gLlh pBdL / ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;+nUgtf clea[l4 u/L ;xsf/L tyf s/f/ v]tLsf] k|jw{g ul/g]5 .

kz'kfng• pGgt gZnsf kz'k+IfLsf] pknAwtf ;/n / ;'ne t'Nofpg'sf] ;fy} s[lqd

uef{wfg ;]jf lj:tf/ ub}{ nlug]5 .• pGgt hftsf] kz'kfng Joj;flos ?kdf k|j4{g u/L b"w, df;', c08f / cGo

kz'hGo pTkfbg j[l4 ul/g]5 .• kz'hGo pTkfbgsf] nfut sd u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf a9fpg pko'Qm s[lif

k|ljlw vf]hL u/L ;/n / ;'ne ?kdf s[ifs ;dIf k'¥ofOg]5 . • ljs]lGb|t Pj+ ;xeflutfTds kz';]jf cg';Gwfg / k|;f/ ;]jfnfO{{ s[ifssf]

dfud'vL, ;dfj]zL, hjfkmb]xL tyf kl/0ffdd'vL t'NofOg]5 . • ljz]iftfsf] cfwf/df t''ngfTds nfe ePsf kz'hGo pTkfbg / j:t'x¿sf]

ljlzi6tfaf6 nfe lng k|lt:kwL{ d"No clej[l4 >[ª\vnfsf] :yfkgf tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g]5 .

• gZn ;'wf/sf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo kz'x¿df u'0ffTds ;'wf/ NofOg]5 . • kz' cfxf/df ;'wf/ Nofpg ljleGg 3fF;]jfnL, kz' r/0f tyf 8fn]3fF;sf] ;Dj4{g

ug]{ gLlt cjnDjg ul/g]5 . • kz' ;]jf k|jfx tyf ljsf; sfo{qmddf u};;=, lghL If]q / ;d"xsf] kl/rfng

ul/g]5 . • cfoft k|lt:yfkg tyf lgof{t k|j{wg ug]{ sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ a9fjf lbOg] 5 .• lhNnfdf k|d'v÷;DefJo s[lif afnL tyf kz'kfng ks]6 If]qx¿s cBfjlws u/L

ks]6 If]qdf ;DalGwt s[lif afnL÷kz'kfngsf] Joj;flos ljsf;df ljz]if Wofg lbOg]5 .

• s[lif tyf kz'kfng If]qsf] of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg, tyf d'Nof+sg k|lqmofdf ljs]lGb|s[t Pj+ ;xeflutfTds k|0ffnL cjnDjg u/L sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

• ;fd'bflos kz' tyf s[lif aLdf ;'?cft u/L s[lif tyf kz'kfngsf] Joj;flos ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofOg]5 .

• s[lif pTkfbg j[l4sf nflu s[ifsx¿nfO{ s[lif tyf kz' ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ ;]jfx¿ PsLs[t / lj:tfl/t ?kdf :yfgLo:t/df g} pknAw u/fOg]5 .

• kz'k+IfL pkrf/, gZn ;'wf/ tyf ahf/Ls/0fdf lghL If]qnfO{ ;d]t k|f]]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

l;+rfO{• tTsfn ;DkGg x'g] Pj+ k|ltkmn lbg] l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfsf

;fy sfo{Gjog ul/g]5 .• l;rfO{ ;]jf z'Ns p7fO{ l;rfO{ cfof]hgfx¿sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . • l;rfO{ / s[lif sfof{noaLr cfjZos ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ u/L l;

+rfO{ cfof]hgfx¿ nfu" ul/g]5 .• l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfx?sf] l8hfO{g tyf sfof{Gjogdf :yfgLo >d, ;Lk, k|ljlw /

lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]udf hf]8 lbOg]5 . • ;fgf l;+rfO{sf nflu gLlh tyf ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

30

• l;+rfO{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ :yfgLo jftfj/0fd}qL tfntn}of, kf]v/L, l;d;f/ / d"nx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 .

• l;+rfO{ ;DaGwL cfof]hgfsf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog tyf ;+rfng ubf{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf k|sf]k hf]lvd Joj:yfkgnfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ul/g]5 .

• hn>f]tsf] PsLs[t tyf jx'If]qut pkof]u cjwf/0ff cg';f/ l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ;+Rffng ul/g]5 .

• l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf lj:tf/df ;xsf/L tyf l;+rfO{ ljsf; sf]ifsf] cfjwf/0ffnfO{ k|jw{g ul/g]5 .

• Ps ufpF Ps kf]v/L lgdf{0fnfO{ cleofgsf] ?kdf ;+rfng ul/g]5 . pBf]u • pBf]u, jfl0fHo, j}lsË tyf ;xsf/L If]qdf to ul/Psf ljifout p2]Zo Pjd\ k|

ltkmnx¿ xfl;n ug{] k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] b[li6sf]0fn] of]hgf cjlwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfo{gLltx¿ cjnDag ul/g]5 .

• ;fd'bflos tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] cu|;/tfdf n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf, demf}nf pBf]u u|fd :yfkgf u/L cf}Bf]lus s]Gb|x?sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

• n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g, ljsf;sf] nflu ljleGg txdf lghL–;fj{hlgs–;fem]bf/Lsf] gLlt cjnDjg ul/g]5 .

• n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g, ljsf; / lj:tf/df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf, ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf k"jf{wf/x¿sf] lgdf{0fdf ljz]if kxn ul/g]5 .

• :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] pkof]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{sf] nflu ljleGg p2]Zod"nssfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{sf] ;fy} ahf/ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .

• tflndk|fKt pBd ljsf; ;xhstf{ tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnd k|fKt hgzlQmsf] klxrfg / kl/rfng u/L :yfgLo:t/sf] n3'pBd tyf ;fgf / demf}nf pBdsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f, z;lQms/0f / k|j4{g ul/g]5 .

a}+ls+u tyf ;xsf/L• s[lif ljsf; a}+s tyf cGo afl0fHo j}s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmdsf]

lj:tf/ / k|efjsf/L ;+rfngdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .• n3' pBdL Joj;flos ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .• n3'pBd tyf ;fgf pBf]udfkm{t\ :j/f]huf/ Joj;fo l;h{gf / ljsf;sf nflu n3'

shf{ pknJw u/fOg]5 .• a}+s tyf ljQLo If]qaf6 ;+slnt k"Flh pTkfbgd"ns If]qdf kl/rfng ul/g]5 .• ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;df u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no nufot cGo

;/sf/L sfof{nox¿sf] ;dGjodf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ul/g]5 .• u|fdL0f If]qdf a}+s tyf ljQLo If]qsf]] pkl:ylt ;3g agfOg]5 .• ljk|]if0f -/]ld6]G;_ af6 k|fKt k"FhLnfO{ pBd / Joj;fodf kl/rfng ljz]if kxn

ul/g]5 .ko{6g• lj/f6gu/sf] ljdfg:ynsf] :t/f]GgtL ul/ If]qLo:t/sf] ljdfg:yn jgfpg] lglt

lnO{g]5 .

31

• ko{6gsf] ljsf;sf nfuL lglh If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf j[l4 ul/ xf]6n lgd{f0f / Joj:yfkgdf ;xefuL u/fO{g] 5 .

• lhDd]jf/ tyf u'0f:t/Lo ko{6gsf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ ko{6g ljsf; / lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .

• ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/, ;]jf ;'ljwf ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu lghL If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .

• k|d'v ko{6sLo :ynx¿;Dd kx+F'r ;xh agfpg PsLs[t ko{6sLo / dgf]/~hg:yn lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngdf lghL If]q;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 .

• |lt ko{6s vr{ j[l4sf nflu ko{6ssf] a;fO{ cawL nDAofpg] / o;sf nflu gofF uGtJox¿sf] klxrfg tyf ;]jf, ;'ljwfdf ljljlws/0f, nufgLnufot ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g]5 .

• ko{6g Joj;foL pknAw u/fpg] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf u'0f:t/Lotf ;'lglZrt ug{ cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

• cfGtl/s, u|fdL0f, ;fxl;s, s[lif tyf kof{ko{6g ;DaGwL ;]jf ;'ljwf clea[l4 ul/g]5 .

• ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df :yfgLo lgsfo, ;d'bfo / gLlh If]qsf];xeflutf k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

• cfGtl/s tyf wfld{s ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs, ;fF:s[lts dxTjsf uGtJo:ynx?sf] lj:t[t cWoog u/L ;+/If0f, ;Daw{gsf ;fy} u|fdL0f ko{6g;Fu ;dfj]z u/L ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

• ko{6sLo ;"rgf, ;]jf, ;'ljwf / ;'/Iffsf ljifonfO{ e/kbf]{ / ljZjfl;nf] agfOg]5 .

$=@;fdflhs ljsf;ljsf;sf] cj:yfnfO{ dfkg ug]{, To;nfO{ dx;"; ug]{ / To;nfO{ ;xh

pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ;fdflhs ljsf;jf6 dfq ;Dej /xG5 . ;fdflhs ljsf; Hofb} Jofks cy{df k|of]u x'g] If]q xf] h; cGtu{t ljleGg ljifout If]qx?nfO{ ;d]l6Psf] x'G5 . o; cGtu{t ;d]l6Psf pkIf]qx? h:t} lzIff tyf dfgj ;+;fwg, :jf:Yo, hg;+Vof / kf]if0f, vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf;, dlxnf, afnljsf; tyf ckfËtf, o"jf tyf v]ns'b, blnt, cfbLjf;L, hghftL, cNk;+Vos, t];|f]lnËL / d'lZnd, ;+:s[lt, snf, efiff tyf ;flxTo cfbL /x]sf5g\ .

32

-s_ ;fdflhs ljsf;;Fu ;DjlGwt ;"rsx?lzIff

ljj/0ffTds ;

+If]k

;"rsx?sf] cj:yf / ;f]sf] dfkg ug]{ cfwf/x? k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x?

dfGotf

pknlJwMu'0f:t/ lzIff, cg'zfl;t hgzlQm pTkfbg tyf ;dfg'kflts ;xefuLtfsf] ;fy} jfnd}qL jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf x'g]5 .

;"rsx? -cfwf/jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&* lh= lz=sf= sf] k|ltj]bg

District Profile

;/sf/L cg'bfgdf j[l4 tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf

ljBfyL{sf] egf{b/df j[l4 -k|ltzt_ 94 (^ (& (* (( !))k|fylds txsf] GER36\g] -k|ltzt_ 112 !!@ !!) !)% !)@ !))k|fylds txsf] NERj9\g] -k|ltzt_ 94 (% (^ (& (( !))k|fylds txsf] l;sfO pknAwLdf j[4L -k|ltzt_ 46 $& %) %@ %% ^)

ljr}df ljBfno 5f]8g] b/df Go"gtf] -k|ltzt_ 13 !@ * % @ )

k|of]ufTds ;fdfu|Lsf] pknJw - k|ltzt_ 8 !) @) $) ^) *)# b]lv % jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf afnaflnsfx?sf] k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|df egf{ b/ -k|ltzt_ .

42$% $* %@ %% ^)

uflj; cg'bfg /sdaf6 k|f/lDes afn ljsf;sf nflu slDtdf jflif{s !) xhf/ 5'6\ofpg] -k|ltzt_ .

0) !) @) #% %)

Joj:yfkg ;ldlt¢f/f k|f/lDes jfn ljsf; s]Gb|sf] cg'udg -k|ltzt_ . 22 @% #) $% %) &%

k|ltkmn g+ !M u'0f:t/ / Plss[t z}lIfs k|0ffnLsf] ljsfz ePsf] x'g]5 .

ljBfnodf sIff sf]7fsf] k|ofKttf -k|ltzt_ . 62

65 73 78 86 99 lh= lz=sf= sf] k|ltj]bg

District Profile Eff}lts ;'ljwfsf] k|ofKttf ePsf ljBfno -k|ltzt_ . 70 72 78 81 88 96

ljifout tyf tfnLd k|fKt lzIfssf] pknAwtf ePsf ljBfno -k|ltzt_ 82 85 88 92 95 98

Kff7\ok':ts;dod} pknAwtf x'g] ljBfno -k|ltzt_ 65 68 75 84 88 96

ljBfnosf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf lgdf{0f ePsf ljBfno -k|ltzt_

80 82 89 91 94 96

32

k'g{tfhuL tflnd lbg] lzIfs –k|ltzt_ 65 68 73 82 88 95ljBfnosf] jfnSnasf] Joj:yf ljBfno -k|ltzt_ 45 46 54 66 74 78

ljBfno / cleefjs aLr cGt{lqmof –k6s 1 1 2 2 2 4ljBfno cg'udg ;+oGqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog –k6s 1 1 2 4 4 4

k|of]uzfnf tyf k':tsfnosf] Joj:yf ePsf ljBfno -k|ltzt_ 55 56 60 65 71 76

;/;kmfO{ tyf ;f}rfnosf] Joj:yfkg ePsf ljBfno -k|ltzt_ 65 66 71 77 83 90

ckf+ud}qL ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] Joj:yf ePsf ljBfno -k|ltzt_ 35 36 39 42 45 49

k|ltkmn @M k|fylds txb]lv pRr lzIff txdf ;j}{ afnaflnsfx?sf] kx'Frdf j[l4 eO{ lhNnfsf] s"n ;fIf/tfdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

k|fylds txsf] v'b egf{b/ -k|ltzt_ 94 96 96.5 97 97.5 98 z}lIfs tYofÍ, lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bg / lhNnf j:t'ut k|f]kmfO{n

blnt, hghftL, cflbjf;L, l;dfGts[t, pk]lIft ;d'bfo, leGg Ifdtfsf jfnjflnsfx?sf] egf{b/ -k|ltzt_

60 65 70 76 82 88

k|flj ljBfyL{ l6sfp b/ -k|ltzt_ 90 92 93 93 94 95lgdflj ljBfyL{ l6sfp b/ -k|ltzt_ 90 91 93 93 94 95dflj ljBfyL{ l6sfp b/ -k|ltzt_ 90 92 93 93 94 95k|flj sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] b/ -k|ltzt_ 2 3 2.5 2 1.5 1lgdfjL sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] b/ -k|ltzt_ 4 6 5 4 3 2dflj sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] b/ -k|ltzt_ 7 6 5 4 3 2ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf lgdf{0f -k|ltzt_ 45 48 52 56 60 65SLC pQL0f{ b/ -k|ltzt_ 45 48 52 56 60 65k|df0f kq tx pQL0f{ -k|ltzt_ 70 75 78 84 91 98:gfts tx pQL0f{ -k|ltzt_ 45 47 51 55 59 64:gfsf]Q/ tx pQL0f{ -k|ltzt_ 30 32 36 39 42 45lglh If]qsf] nufgLdf ;+rflnt ljBfno tyf sn]hx?df hgtfsf] ;xh kx"+r -k|ltzt_ 43 44

49 53 57 62

k|ltkmn #M lhNnfsf ;j} ljBfno ejgx? afnd}qL tyf ckf+u

afnd}qL tyf ckf+u d}qL ljBfno ejg -k|ltzt_ 22 24 27 29 31 34 z}lIfs tYofÍ,

lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bg / lhNnf j:t'ut k|f]kmfO{n

;d'bfo tyf ;/sf/L :t/df jfnd}qL jftfj/0f lgdf{0f jg]df .

zf}rfno ePsf ljBfno -k|ltzt_ 65 68 76 82 89 96Jffn zf}rfno ePsf ljBfno -k|ltzt_ 10 12 13 15 16 17afnd}qL tflnd lnPsf lzIfs -k|ltzt_ 54 56 63 68 73 79k|flj :t/df sIff sf]7f tyf kmlg{r/sf] ;'ljwf ePsf ljBfno -k|ltzt_

61 62 69 75 81 87

33

d}qLsf ?kdf lgdf{0f eO{ lzIffsf] cjz/ ;j}nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] x'g]5 .

;/sf/L cg'bfgdf j[l4 tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf .

cfkfËtf ePsf ljBfyL{x?sf] k7gkf7gsf nfuL ljz]if ;'ljwf ePsf ljBfno -;+Vof_

5 6 7 7 8 8

:jf:Yo, hg;+Vof / kf]if0fljj/0ffTds ;+If]k ;"rsx?sf] cj:yf / ;f]sf] dfkg ug]{ cfwf/x? k"i6\

ofOsf cfwf/x?

dfGotfx?ljj/0f -cfwf/

jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷

)&%

@)&

%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

pknlJw M :jf:Yo ;]jfdf u'0f:t/Lotf / k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ul/ lhNnfjf;Lsf] :jf:Yo

l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] ;fy} :jf:Yo ;]jfdf u'0f:t/Lotf / k|efjsfl/tf j[l4 ul/

lhNnfjf;Lsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] .

emf8fkvfnf /f]u nfUg] b/ -k|ltxhf/_ 1074 910 865 821 780 741 •

cflhljof], clGtd

dBfjlw / aflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg

• bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]u

sf] lg/Gt/tf

tyf ;/sf/n] k|

fyldstf /fv]sf] x'g]5 .

Zjf;k|Zjf; /f]u nfUg] b/ -k|ltxhf/_ 1278 1558 1480 140

61336 1269

rf/}k6s k"j{k|;'tL ;]jf lng] ue{jtL dlxnf -k|ltzt_ 68 80 84 88 93 97

k"0f{ vf]k uf=lj=;= -;+Vof_ 13 15 19 23 29 37

k"0f{ ;+:yfut k|;'lt x'g] uf=lj=;= 2 2 5 10 15 25

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr -k|ltzt_ 68 80 84 88 93 97k|ltkmn !M dlxnf, afnaflnsf

nufot ;LdfGts[t ju{df :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'Frdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

s'kf]if0f b/ -k|ltzt_ 2.06 2.42 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.5 • cflhljof],

clGtd dBfjlws / aflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg• HMIS Report


sf] lg/Gt/tf

tyf ;/sf/n] k|

fyldstf /fv]sf]

emf8fkvfnf /f]u nfUg] b/ -k|ltxhf/_ 774 910 865 821 780 741

Zjf;k|Zjf; /f]u nfUg] b/ -k|ltxhf/_ 1324 1558 1480 140

61336 1269

rf/}k6s k"j{k|;'tL ;]jf lng] ue{jtL dlxnf -k|ltzt_ 68 80 82 84 88 90

k"0f{ vf]k uf=lj=;= -;+Vof_

13 15 19 23 29 37

34

NDHS, Census

DPHO Annual Report

aflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg

lhNnf :jf:Yo

sfof{nosf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg

x'g] .


sf] lg/Gt/tf

tyf ;/sf/n] k|

fyldstfdf /fv]sf] x'g] .

k"0f{ ;+:yfut k|;'lt x'g] uf=lj=;= -;+Vof_ 2 2 5 10 15 25

k|ltkmn @M :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/df / pkof]udf j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fwg pkof]u b/ -CPR_ -k|ltzt_ 36 42 44 46 49 51

:k'6d sGeh{g /]6 -k|ltzt_ 73 86 90 94 97 99kf]h]l6e jf6 g]u]l6e_ jflif{s?kdf ;fdflhs k/LIf0f÷PDQ x'g] :jf:Yo ;+:yf -;+Vof_

0 0 2 3 5 7

k|ltkmn # M :jf:Yo ;DaGwL k"jf{wf/ tyf cf}ifwL, pks/0fsf] pknAwtfdf j[l4 ePsf]

x'g]5 .

aly{ª ;]jf pknAw ;+:yf ;+Vof 23 25 30 34 36 40 :yfgLo

lgsfosf] k|

fyldstfdf k/]sf]

x'g] / ;xof]u

pknAw x'g]nlIft

sfo{qmd df

lg/Gt/tf tyf al4 x'g] .

lgz'Ns k|bfg ul/g] cf}ifwLx¿sf] k|sf/ ;+Vof c:ktfn

2631 33 34 36 38

PHC/HP /SHP 31 34 36 37 39 41cfkm\g} ejg ePsf :jf:Yo ;+:yf -;+Vof_ 29 32 34 35 37 39

k|ltkmn $M;d'bfodf PrcfO{eL÷P8\; ;DaGwL ;r]tgf j[l4 eO{ ;

+qmd0f b/ 36]sf] x'g]5 .

ART;]jg ug]{ -;+Vof_ 199 221 400 600 800 1000HCT ;]jf j[l4 -;+Vof_ 2025 2250 2363 248

12605 2735

r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd lj:tf/ -uflj; ;+Vof_

27

30 35 40 45 50

k|ltkmn g+= %Mcfo'j]{b ;]jfsf] pknAwtf, kx'Fr / pkef]udf

a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

cfo'j{]b ;]jfaf6 nfeflGjt hg;+Vof -;+Vof_ 22500 2500

02625

027563

28941

30388

lhNnf cfo'j{]b

:jf:Yo

cfo'j{]b ;]jf k|ltsf] hgljZjf;df pRr /Qmrfk, d'6'sf] /f]u, 41 45 43 41 39 37

35

dw'd]x, SofG;/ h:tf /f]uLx¿ -k|ltzt_

sfof{nosf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg

a[l4 x'g] .

vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k ;"rsx?sf] cj:yf / ;f]sf] dfkg ug]{ cfwf/x? k'i6\

ofO{sf cfwf/x?

dfGotfx?

pknlJw M;d'bfosf] :jf:Yo / jftfj/l0fo cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf] ;:yfut lasf; tyf cfwf/e't ;t{x? k'/f ul/ jiff{ ofddf x'g] 8'jfgsf] ;d:ofjf6 hgtfnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ .

;"rs -cfwf/

jif{_ @)&@÷

)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&

^@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

NMIP k|ltj]bg cg';f/

/fli6o ;"rgf

Aoa:yfkg sfo{qmd

>f]tsf] lg/Gt/t

f;fj{hlgs zf}rfno -:yfg_ 2 4 4 4 5 6:jR5 lkpg] kfgLsf] k|of]u -k|ltzt_ 71 81 84 87 92 94zx/÷u|fld0f If]qdf kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg -k|ltzt_ 19 22 25 28 31 35

zx/L If]qdf a[Iff/f]k0f -k|ltzt_ 4 5 6 8 10 12D/M/V-wash ;ldtLx?sf] Ifdtf tyf ;+:yfut lasf; -k|ltzt_ 26 30 34 38 42 47

zx/÷u|fld0f If]qdf rlk{sf] k|of]u ePsf] -k|ltzt_ 46 52 58 65 73 82

k|ltkmn ! Mvfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf] ;:yfut lasf; eO{ ;d'bfosf] :jf:Yo / jftfj/l0fo cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g]5 .

:jR5 lkpg] kfgLsf] k|of]u -k|ltzt_ 71 81 84 87 92 94lhNnf vfg]kfgL sfof{nosf] k|lta]bg

g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf .

;j} ufla; / gu/kfnLsf dWo] v'nf lb;fd'Qm -;+Vof_ 16 18 58 58 58 58

zx/÷u|fld0f If]qdf rlk{sf] k|of]u ePsf] -k|ltzt_ 46 52 58 65 73 82

zx/÷u|fld0f If]qdf kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg -k|ltzt_ 19 22 25 28 31 35

zx/L If]qdf a[Iff/f]k0f -k|ltzt_ 4 5 6 6 7 8D-wash/M-wash/V-wash x?sf] Ifdtf tyf ;+:yfut lasf; -k|ltzt_ 26 30 34 38 42 47

jftfj/0f d}qL lhNnf -k|ltzt_ 9 10 11 13 14 16/0fg}lgs of]hgf cfBfjlws -k|ltzt_ 18 20 22 25 28 31

36

/0fg}lts sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog 0 1 1 1 1 2D/M/V-wash ;ldtLx?sf] Ifdtf tyf ;+:yfut lasf; -k|ltzt_ 26 30 34 38 42 47

;/f]sf/jfnfx?;u+ ;dGjo jflif{s k6s 2 2 2 3 3 3k|ltkmn g+ @ Mvfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf cfwf/e't ;t{x? ;lxt lgoldt cg'udg, n}lu+s tyf afnd}qL zf}Rffno lgd{0f k|ls|ofdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .

dd{t ;'wf/ -k|ltzt_ 26 30 34 38 42 47 lhNnf vfg]kfgL sfof{nosf] k|lta]bg

g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf .

n}lu+s tyf afn d}lq zf}rfno lgdf{0f -k|ltzt_ 22 25 28 31 35 39

9nsf] Aoj:yf -k|ltzt_ 26 30 34 38 42 47efG;fsf]7f leqsf] kmf]x/ d}nf Aoj:yfkg -k|ltzt_ 9 10 11 13 14 16

a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{s|d -k|ltzt_ 18 20 22 25 28 319n lgsfz Joj:yfkg -k|ltzt_ 18 20 22 25 28 31

dlxnf, afnljsf; tyf cfkfËtfljj/0ffTds ;

+If]k;"rsx?sf] cj:yf / ;f]sf] dfkg ug]{ cfwf/x? k'i6\

ofO{sf cfwf/x?

dfGotfx?

;'rsx? -cfwf/

jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

pknlJw M ;zlQms/0f dfkm{t dlxnf, jfnjflnsfsf, h]i7 gful/s, c;xfo, Psn dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g]5 .

dlxnf ;fIf/tf -k|ltzt_ 63 64 65 67 68 70j8f gful/s d~r÷ljifout ;ldltdf dlxnf tyf nlIft ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj -k|ltzt_ 30 33 35 36 38 40


30 33 35 36 38 40

3/]n' lx+;fsf] Go"lgs/0f -k|ltzt_ 74 80 84 88 93 97# b]lv % jif{ pd]/ ;d"sf afnaflnsf k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|df egf{ cj:yf -k|ltzt_

37 40 42 44 46 49

c;xfo ljkGg h]i7 gful/sx?sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt -k|ltzt_ 42 46 48 51 53 56

k|ltkmn g+ !M cfly{s tyf

dlxnf ;d'x -;+Vof_ 132 144 151 159 167 175;xsf/Ldf cfj4 dlxnf -;+Vof_ 29440 32000 36800 42320 48668 55968

37

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k


dfGotfx?

;'rsx? -cfwf/

jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

;fdflhs ;zlQms/0fsf dfWodåf/f dlxnf :j/f]]huf/df j[l4 eO{ cfTdlge{tf j9g]5 .

;xsf/Ldf ;+slnt k"FhL -? s/f]8_ 9 10 12 13 15 17k|To]s dlxnf;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljp k"FhL pknJw -? nfv_ 230 250 288 331 380 437

Joj;fodf ;+nUg dlxnf -;+Vof_ 828 900 1035 1190 1369 1574dlxnf ;fIf/tf -k|ltzt_ 63 64 65 67 68 70j8f gful/s d~r÷ljifout ;ldltdf dlxnf tyf nlIft ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj -k|ltzt_ 30 33 38 44 50 58


30 33 38 44 50 58

;j} uflj;, gu/kflnsf tyf lhlj;df n}+lus ;+j]bgzLn gLltsf] th'{df / sffof{GJog -;+Vof_

5 5 6 7 8 9

k|hgg\ clwsf/ k|lt ;r]t, h'emf? dlxnfnfO{ k'/:s[t -;+Vof_ 5 5 6 7 8 9

dlxnfx?sf] b}lgs sfo{af]em -3G6f_ 17 18 16 12 10 8dlxnfx?sf] :yfgLo lgsfosf ;+3;+:yfx?df ;xeflutf -k|ltzt_ 30 33 38 44 50 58

dlxnf pBdLx?sf] ;+Vof 971 1055 1213 1395 1605 1845lhlj; / ljifout sfof{no u};;df n}+lus k/LIf0f jflif{s ;+Vof 6 7 8 9 11 12

n}+lus vl08s[t tYofÍ cBfjlws -k|ltzt_ 9 10 12 13 15 17k|ltkmn g+ @Mdlxnf lx+zfdf Go"lgs/0f eO{ gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnf ;xeflutf

uflj; / gu/kflnsfdf lx+;f lgoGq0f ;DaGwL ;r]tgf sfo{qmd / ph'/L s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf

5 5 6 7 8 9lh=lj=;= k|ltj]bglhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bgdlxnf ljsf; sfof{nosf

/fHosf sfg"gx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ePdf .

of}g b'Jo{jxf/, 3/]n'lx+;f, a]rlavg la?4sf sfo{qmdjf6 nfeflGjt dlxnf jfnjflnsf -k|ltzt_

32 35 40 46 53 61

lx+;fhGo 36gfkLl8t dlxnfx?sf] ; 32 35 40 46 53 61

38

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k


dfGotfx?

;'rsx? -cfwf/

jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

df j[l4 eO{ ;dtfd'ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug]5 .

+Vofdf Go"lgs/0f -k|ltzt_ ] jflif{s k|ltj]bg3/]n' lx+;fsf] Go"lgs/0f -k|ltzt_ 74 80 92 106 122 140

a]rlavg tyf 3/]n' lx+;fdf k/]sf c;xfo Pj+ k|efljt dlxnfx?sf] k"g{:yfkgf -k|ltzt_

23 25 29 33 38 44

k/fdz{ s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/ / k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg 7 8 9 11 12 14

sfg"gL ;r]tgtf sfo{qmddf dlxnf k'?if hf]8Lsf] ;xeflutf -;+Vof_ 115 125 144 165 190 219

uflj; / gu/kflnsf / lhlj;df dlxnf lx+;f tyf j]rljvg lj?4 sf]ifsf] Joj:yf / sfg"gL pkrf/ ;]jf k|bfg -;+Vof_

6 6 7 8 9 10

k|ltkmn g+ #Mjfnjflnsfsf] ;du| ljsf;sf nfuL gLltut cj:yfdf ;'wf/ eO{ bIf hgzlQmsf] pTkfbg ePsf] x'g]5 .

/fHosf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf jfnjflnsf x?sf] ;xeflutf -k|ltzt_ 9 10 12 13 15 17 cflhljof]sf

] dBfjlw clGtd / aflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg


jfn clwsf/ k|lt cleefjs Pj+ jfnjflnsfdf r]tgf jl4 -k|ltzt_ 23 25 29 33 38 44

jfnd}qL ;fj{hflgs ef}lts ;+/rgf -k|ltzt_ 9 10 12 13 15 17

# b]lv % jif{ pd]/ ;d"sf afnaflnsf k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|df egf{ cj:yf -k|ltzt_

37 40 46 53 61 70

k|ltkmn + $M;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] jt{dfg l:yltdf ;'b[9 eO{ h]i7 gful/s, c;xfo, Psn dlxnfx?

;fdflhs hLjgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf h]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ ;Ddfg sfo{qmd -;Vof_ 6 6 7 8 9 10

cflhljof]sf] dBfjlw clGtd / aflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg


/fHosf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ h]i7 gful/s -k|ltzt_ 74 80 84 88 92 96

/fHosf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ c;xfo, Psn dlxnf -k|ltzt_

32 35 40 46 53 61

39

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k


dfGotfx?

;'rsx? -cfwf/

jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

n] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|Tofe"lt u/]sf x'g]5g .

v]ns'b

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k ;'rsx?

-cfwf/ jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x?

hf]lvd tyf dfGotfx?

pknlJwM v]n ultljlwsf] JojzfoLs/0f ul/ v]nf8Lsf] hLjg:t/ psf:b} cfjZos ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/L /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o :t/sf v]n k|ltof]lutfx? ;+rfng ug]{ .

v]ns'b If]qdf lghL nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ -/sd ?= )))_

460 500 625 781 977 1221lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg

/fhgLlts bn, lhNnf v]ns'b, lhlj;, ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf .

v]nsf] lj:tf/ ug{sf nfuL k|To]s dflj ,pRr dflj, / Snjx?df sf]rsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ -v]nf8L ;xefuL ;+Vof_ .

37 40 50 63 78 98

uflj; :t/Lo k|lzIf0f k|ltof]uLtf ;+rfng ug]{ -;Vof_ .

4 4 5 6 8 10

k|ltkmn g+ ! Mv]ns'bsf] ljsf;sf nfuL cfjZos ef}lts ;+/rgf

;+efljt v]nfl8sf] 5gf}6 u/L tfnLdsf] Joj:yf ug]{ -;Vof_

26 28 35 44 55 68lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg

/fhgLlts bn, lhNnf v]ns'b, lhlj;, ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf

;+efljt uflj; x]/L v]n d}bfg lgdf{0f ug]{ -;Vof_ .

4 4 5 6 8 10

40


-cfwf/ jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x?

hf]lvd tyf dfGotfx?

ljsf; eO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o :t/sf v]n k|ltof]lutfx? ;+rfng ePsf x'g]5g .

lgsfox?sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf .

ldgL sa8xnsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ -;Vof_ . 1 1 1 2 2 3

cfjZos v]n ;fdfu|Lsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] -/sd ?= )))_ 920 1000 1250 1563 1953 2441

lhNnf k|ltof]lutfdf v]nf8L ;xefuL ;+Vof 230 250 313 391 488 610

If]lqo k|ltof]lutfdf v]nf8L ;xefuL ;+Vof 184 200 250 313 391 488

/fli6«o k|ltof]lutfdf v]nf8L ;xefuL ;+Vof 92 100 125 156 195 244

cGt/fli6«o k|ltof]lutfdf v]nf8L ;xefuL ;+Vof 14 15 19 23 29 37

aGb k|lzIf0f - ljz]if tflnd_ ;+rfng ubf{ cfjfz / vfgfsf] Joj:yf ug]{ -v]nf8L ;xefuL ;+Vof_ .

4 4 5 6 8 10

ljleGg k|ltof]uLtfdf ;kmn v]nfl8x?nfO{ JojzfoLs/0f tkm{ pGd'v ug]{ -v]nf8L ;xefuL ;+Vof_ .

9 10 13 16 20 24

k|ltkmn g+ @Mv]n sf}zntfsf] ljsf; eO{ v]nf8Lx?sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g]5 .

k|To]s k]z]jf/ v]nf8Lx?n] Jojl:yt ?kdf gf]s/L k|fKt ug]{

0 0 10 20 25 50

o"jf dgf]lj1fgnfO{ a'em]/ /fHon] sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ -;+Vof_

2 2 3 3 4 5

o"jf41


-cfwf/ jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x?

hf]lvd tyf

dfGotfx?

pknlJwM M/fHosf ;j} lgsfox?df o"jfx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/ cfly{s ;zlQms/0f tyf ;fdflhs hgr]tgfsf dfWod åf/f o"jfx?nfO{ s'nt tyf b'Jo{;gaf6 hf]ufpb} o"jf j]/f]huf/L Go"lgs/0f ug]{ .

s'nt / b'Jo{;gL o"jfx?nfO{ /fHon] d"Vo d'4f agfpg] -k|ltzt_ .

19 20 25 31 39 49

o"jf kl/ifb u7g tyf lj:tf/ ug]{ -;+Vof_ 43 46 58 72 90 112

o"jf pBdlzntf tflnd lbg] -;+Vof_ 4650 5000 6250 7813 9766 12207

k|ltkmn g+ !M o"jfx? cfTdlge{/ eO{ j]/f]huf/L ;d:of ;dfwfg ePsf] x'g]5 .

ljgf lwtf] /fHon] nufgLsf] Joj:yf ug]{ -;+Vof_

4650 5000 6250 7813 9766 12207o"jf ;'rgf s]Gb|sf] k|ltj]bg

/fhgLlts bn, lhNnf v]ns'b, lhlj;, ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf .

o"jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ -;+Vof_ 56 60 75 94 117 146

lgz'Ns tflndsf] Joo:yf ug]{ -;+Vof_ 4 4 5 6 8 10

Tflnddf pTs[i6 o"jfnfO{ /fHon] ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ -;+Vof_ .

88 95 119 148 186 232

Jojxf/Ls kf7\ok':ts k|sfzg ug]{ -/sd ?= )))_ . 93 100 125 156 195 244

k|ltkmn @Mo"jfx?n] Jofjxf/Ls lzIff k|

ljBdfg kf7\ok':tsx? nfO{ Jojxf/Ls ?kdf nfu' ug]{ -k|ltzt_ .

19 20 25 31 39 49

42


-cfwf/ jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x?

hf]lvd tyf

dfGotfx?

fKt ul/ zfGt / ;d[4 ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f x'g]5\ .

s'nt / b'Jo{;gL;DalGw hgr]tgf d'ns sfo{qmd ug]{ -;+Vof_.

93 100 125 156 195 244

b'Jo{;gL df km;]sfnfO{ ;dfhdf k'g{:yfkgfsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ -k|ltzt_ .

19 20 25 31 39 49

b'Jo{;lgaf6 ;dfhdf k'g{:yfkgf eO{;s]sfx?af6 hgr]tgf d'ns sfo{qmd ug]{ -k|ltzt_ .

19 20 25 31 39 49

lzk snfsf pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgf 5 5 6 8 10 12

k|ltkmn #Mdf}lnssnf, ;+:s[lt, lzksf] hu]gf{ u/L nlIft o"jf o'jltx?nfO :j/f]huf/ jgfpg cfocfh{gsf nfuL ljlQo ;]jf ;Dd plgx?sf] kx'rdf j[4L ug]{ .

ljlQo ;]jf lng ;Ifd nlIft ;d'xx? -k|ltzt_ 17 18 23 28 35 44 lhlj;, ;/sf/L /

u};; ;:yfx?sf] k|ltj]bg

;/sf/L ;xof]u lg/Gt/ k|fKt ePdf

:j/f]huf/ o"jf o'jltx? -k|ltzt_ 11 12 15 19 23 29

Joj;fod'ns sfo{ ug{ ;Ifd nlIft ju{ -k|ltzt_ 13 14 18 22 27 34

o"jf o'jltx?sf] lzIff, :jf:Yodf kx'r -k|ltzt_

41 44 55 62 69 77

lhNnf, gu/ :t/Lo k|lzIf0f, k|ltof]uLtf ;+rfng ug]{ -;Vof_ .

279 300 375 469 586 732

43

blnt, cfbLjf;L, hghftL, lk58fju{, cNk;+Vos, t];|f]lnËL / d'l:ndljj/0ffTds ;+If]k ;"rsx?sf] cj:yf / ;f]sf] dfkg ug]{ cfwf/x? k"i6\ofOsf

cfwf/x?hf]lvd tyf dfGotfx?

pknlJw M M ;fdflhs n}lu+s tyf hflto, wfld{s lje]b cGTo u/L ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .

;"rsx?

-cfwf/jif

{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

ljBdfg gLlt lgdf{0fdf blnt tyf lk58fju{x?sf] ;xefuLtf -k|ltzt_ 16 17 19 22 25 29

;fd'bflos ;+:yf tyf ;ldltx¿df nlIft ju{sf] ;+nUgtf -k|ltzt_ 61 65 68 75 80 90

;Dk"0f{ n}lu+s gLltx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog -k|ltzt_ 28 30 34 39 44 51

t];|f] lnuL+ ;d'bfosf] klxrfg cg';f/sf] gful/stf k|fKt -k|ltzt_ 3 3 3 4 4 5

k|ltkmn g+ !Mblnt cfof]u, ;}jwflgs cfof]u tyf n}lu+s gLlt th'{df eO{ ;dtfd'ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

ljBdfg ;dfhsf] lje]bsf/L Jojxf/df ;'wf/ -k|ltzt_ 19 20 23 26 30 34 ljleGg

cfof]ux?sf] k|ltj]bg .lh=lj=;=sf] k|ltj]bg .

th'{df ul/Psf gLlt lgodx? sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf x'g]5g .

blntx?sf] ljsf; tyf ;zlQms/0fsf nfuL ;xof]usf sfo{qmdx?sf] j[4L -k|ltzt_

38 40 46 52 59 68

/fli6«o blnt cfof]u, ;+j}wflgs cfof]usf gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjog -k|ltzt_

28 30 34 39 44 51

k|ltkmn g+ @Mblnt tyf nlIft ju{x?n] ;dfhdf ;Ddfgk"0f{ :yfg k|fKt u/]sf x'g]5g .

:jf:Yodf kx'Fr gk'u]sf blnt -k|ltzt_ 66 70 80 91 104 118 ljleGg cfof]ux?sf] k|ltj]bg .lh=lj=;=sf] k|ltj]bg .

th'{df ul/Psf gLlt lgodx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ePdf .

lzIffdf kx'Fr gk'u]sf blnt -k|ltzt_ 61 65 74 84 96 110

nlIft ju{n] u/]sf u'gf;f]dWo] ;'g'jfO{ ePsf ph'/L -k|ltzt_

47 50 57 65 74 84

k|ltkmn g+ #Mcfkm\gf] clwsf/sf

/f]huf/Ldf cj;/ k|fKt -k|ltzt_ 9 10 11 13 15 17 lhlj;, ;/sf/L / u};; ;:yfx?sf]

;/sf/L ;xof]u ;dfhdf :yflkt x'g] -k|ltzt_ 11 12 14 16 18 20

44

nfuL cfkm} cuf8L j9g klxrfg cg';f/sf] gful/stf k|fKt u/L ;dfhdf :yflkt eO{ cfodf j[4L ug{ t];|f] lnuL+x? ;Ifd x'g]]5g\ .

k|ltj]bg lg/Gt/ k|fKt ePdf

/f]huf/Ldf ;/sf/L txdf t];|f] lnlË ;d'bfosf] kx'+r -k|ltzt_ 1 1 2 5 10 25

45

-v_ ;fdflhs ljsf;;+u ;DjlGwt sfo{lgltx?;fdflhs ljsf; If]qdf to ul/Psf ljifout p2]Zo Pjd\ k|ltkmnx¿ xfl;n ug{]

k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] b[li6sf]0fn] of]hgf cjlwdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf sfo{gLltx¿ cjnDag ul/g]5 MlzIff• ljBfno 5f]8\g] b/ a9L ePsf ljBfnox¿ klxrfg u/L cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk,

afnd}qL lzIffnufotsf sfo{qmdx¿sf] lj:tf/ ub{} ljBfnodf ljBfyL{x¿sf] cfsif{0f sfod /fVg] k|of; ul/g]5 .

• u};; tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;dGjo sfod /fvL ljBfyL{x¿sf] ljBfnodf lgoldt pkl:yltsf nflu cleefjx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

• ljBfnodf afnd}qL jftfj/0fsf] :yfkgf / k|j4{gdfkm{t\ egf{ b/ tyf ljBfyL{ pQL0f{ b/df j[l4 tyf k'g/fj[lQ b/ / :s"n 5f8\g] b/nfO{ 36fpg] k|of; ul/g]5 .

• Go"gtd z}lIfs jftfj/0fsf dfkb08x¿ sfof{Gjogdf NofO{ Go"gtd z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] ;'lglZrttf sfod ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos ;|f]tsf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo, s]lGb|o lgsfo tyf u};;x¿;Fu ;dGjo ul/g]5 .

• lzIfsx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ tflndsf cj;/x¿ k|bfg ul/g]5 . • ljBfyL{x¿sf] ljifout l;sfO pknAwLnfO{ ;DalGwt lzIfsx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg

dfkgsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ kIfsf ?kdf :yflkt ul/g]5 / sfo{ ;DkfbgnfO{{ k'/:sf/ / b08;Fu cfj4 ul/g]5 .

• ljBfno cg'udgnufotsf z}lIfs cg'udg d"Nof+sgnfO{ lgoldt / k|efjsf/L agfpg z}lIfs cg'udg sfo{tfnLsf agfO{ s8fOsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu lhNnf lzIff ;ldltnfO{ lqmoflzn / lhDd]jf/ agfOg]5 .

• j}slNks lzIffsf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt / ;dGjofTds 9Ën] ;~rfng u/L cfwf/e"t lzIffdf kx'Fr lj:tf/nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf, ;~rfng / :t/j[l4sf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo, ;d'bfo / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 .

• ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t l;sfO{ ljlwsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjogdfkm{t\ ;a} txsf] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ NofOg]5 .

• :yfgLo lgsfo, lghL If]q, u}/;/sf/L If]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{ j[l4 u/L k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tflndsf cj;/x¿ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .

• lhNnfnfO{ k"0f{ ;fIf/ lhNnfsf ?kdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L cleofg ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

• ljBfnodf hfthflt, efiff, lnË, wd{, Pr=cfO{=eL= ;ª\qmd0fnufot s'g} klg cfwf/df ul/g] lje]bnfO{ k"0f{tM lgif]w u/L ljBfnox¿nfO{ lje]b/lxt agfOg]5 .

• z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 / sfo{d"ns agfO{ z}lIfs of]hgf th'{df tyf cg'udg k|lqmofdf pkof]u ul/g]5 .

• l/Qm b/aGbLdf oyfzSo l56f] kbk"lt{ ug{ s]Gb|;Fusf] ;dGjo k|efjsf/L agfOg] 5 tyf ljBfyL{ / lzIfs ;+Vofdf ;dfof]hg u/L pknAw hgzlQmaf6 clwstd k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{] k|of; ul/g]5 .

• dft[efiffdf k|f/lDes txsf] k9fO{ ;'? u/L :yfgLo efiffsf] ;+/If0f÷k|j4{g ul/g]5 .

41

• ljBfnodf z}lIfs jftfj/0f / u'0f:t/ clea[l4sf nflu sIff sf]7f, kmlg{r/, zf}rfno -5fqf / 5fqsf] nflu 5'§f5'§}_, vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf tyf ;fa'gsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

v]ns'b• ljBdfg ef}lts k"jf{Wff/sf] ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g tyf ljsf; ub}{ yk ef}lts

k"jf{Wff/sf] lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . • lhNnfdf If]qLo tyf /fli6«o v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf ;+rfngsf] nflu k|of;

ul/g]5 . • v]nf8Lx?sf] Joj;flos Ifdtf / ;Lk ljsf;sf nflu k|f]T;fxgd"ns sfo{qmd ;

+Rffng ul/g]5 . • SofDk;, ljBfno, o"jfSna / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?nfO{ v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfx? ;

+Rffngug{ k|]l/t ul/g]5 . o"jf• lzIff tyf Ifdtf clea[l4 sfo{qmd dfkm{t o"jf pBdlzntf tyf :j/f]huf/Ldf

clea[l4 ul/g]5 . • ;dfhdf ljBdfg clzIff, 5'jf5't, hflto lje]b, n}+lus lx+;f tyf cdfgjLo

sfo{x?sf] Go"gLs/0fsf / o"jfx?nfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 . • v]ns'b, hLjgkof]uL ;Lk, of]u tyf JolQmTj ljsf; ;aGwL sfo{qmd dfkm{t

o"jfx?nfO{ b'Jo;{g tyf s'ntaf6 d'Qm ug]{ k|of; ul/g]5 . • o"jfnfO{ lhNnf ljsf;sf] k|d'v dfWodsf] ?kdf kl/rfng ug{ ljz]if sfo{qmd

tyf ;DalGwt sfo{qmddf ljz]if k|fyldstf k|bfg ul/g]5 . ;flxTo, snf tyf ;+:s[lt• ljBfnodf ;+rfng x'g] cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkx¿df :yfgLo efiff, snf, ;+uLt, ;

+:s[lt tyf ;flxTosf]] k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .• ;fF:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s tyf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbfx?sf] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|

0ffnL cg';f/ ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g / Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . • ;fF:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s tyf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbfx? ;+/If0f / k|

jw{gnfO{ ko{6g ljsf; Ps cleGg sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 / lhNnfnfO{ ;flxTo k|jw{g s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 .

:jf:Yo• lgz'Ns / ;'/lIft k|;'lt ;]jf lj:tf/ u/L k|;'lt cl3 / kl5 :jf:Yo ;]jf lng k|f]T;fxg

ul/g]5 . • :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx / pkof]udf ;/sf/L, gLlh, ;xsf/L, ;fd'bflos tyf

ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?;Fu ;xsfo{ clea[l4 ul/g]5 . • :jLs[t b/aGbL cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ l/Qm:yfg kbk"lt{ ug{ :jf:Yo

ljefu;Fu ;dGjo u/L lk5l8Psf If]qdf :jf:YosdL{x¿sf] lgoldt ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug{ ljz]if k|oTg ul/g]5 .

• :yfgLo ;|f]t kl/rfng u/L :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿sf] k"jf{wf/, Ifdtf / ;]jf lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .

• ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fem]bf/L tyf cGt/If]q ;dGjodf clej[l4 u/L :jf:Yo If]qsf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm, ef}lts ;'ljwf / cf}iflw pks/0fsf] Go"gtf sd ul/g]5 .

• ;"rgf, lzIff tyf ;~rf/;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng u/L cfd gful/ssf] kf]if0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;f]r / Jojxf/ kl/jt{gdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .

42

• :jf:Yo If]qdf ;+nUg :yfgLo u};;x¿sf] kl/rfng tyf ljBfnodfkm{t\ :jf:Yo;DaGwL k|j4{gfTds / k|lt/f]wfTds sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/L hgr]tgf clej[l4sf] sfdnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

• hl8a'6L ;+sng tyf k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf dfkm{t\ cfo'{j]lbs cf}ifwL pTkfbg / pkof]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbOg]5 .

• k|hgg\ :jf:Yo, Pr=cfO=eL=÷P8\;, w"d|kfg, dBkfg / nfu" cf}ifw;DaGwL ;r]tgf / k/fdz{ sfo{qmdx¿ lhNnfJofkL / lg/Gt/?kdf ;~rfng u/L hf]lvddf /x]sf hg;+Vofsf] Jojxf/ kl/jt{gdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .

• ;fj{hlgs pQ/bfloTjnfO{ clej[l4 ug{ ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df, ;fdflhs k/LIf0f / ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yfnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 .

• lghL tyf ;fd'bflos c:ktfn / cGo :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Go"gtd dfkb08 sfof{Gjog ug{ sfo{tfnLsf agfO{ nfu" ul/g] tyf ;f]sf] kfngf cg'udg ul/g]5 .

• :jf:YosdL{x¿sf] bIftf tyf pTk|]/0ff clej[l4df hf]8 lbO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ yk u'0f:t/Lo agfOg]5 .

• nlIft ;d"xx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ;fgf] / u'0f:t/Lo kl/jf/ k|j4{g ug{ ;3g?kdf ;r]tgf, k|hgg, dft[lzz' Pjd\ kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jfx¿ pknAw u/fOg]5 .

• kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgsf] k|of]u, hg;+Vof lzIff / r]tgfsf] clej[l4af6 hg;+Vof j[l4b/nfO{ Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .

• dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod\;]ljsf tyf tyf cfdf ;d"xx¿sf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ ub{} :yfgLo:t/sf] :jf:Yo ;~hfnsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 .

• :jf:Yo If]qsf] u'?of]hgf, o; ljifout If]q of]hgfsf] cfwf/df aflif{s of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog / k|ltkmnd"ns vfsf cg';f/ cg'udg of]hgf agfO{ k|ltkmnsf] cg'udg ul/g]5 .

• :jf:Yo If]qdf PsLs[t tYofÍsf] cfwf/ tyf cg';Gwfg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / pkof]u ul/g]5 .

• pRr hf]lvdf k/]sf gful/ssf] kf]if0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;'gf}nf] xhf/ lbg h:tf jx''If]qLo kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;+Rffng ul/g]5 .

vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{• JolQmut tyf 3/fo;L ;/;kmfO j[l4 ug{ hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿sf] lj:tf/

ub{} v'nf lbzfd'Qm uf=lj=;= 3f]if0ffsf] cleofg lhNnfel/ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . • :yfgLo hg;eflutfdf :ofg]6]/L NofG8lkmn ;fO6 vf]hL u/L pTkflbt

kmf]xf]/ d}nfnfO{ 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) k4ltdf cfwfl/t /xL Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .

• lhNnfl:yt k|fljlws lzIffno;Fusf] ;xsfo{df x]/fn'x¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

• vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jfnfO{ cleofgsf ?kdf ;~rfng ug{ vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf ;ldltnfO{ yk lqmozfnL agfOg]5 .

• Go"gtd vr{df ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] Joj:yfkg ug{] ljlw klxrfg u/L cfjZos vr{sf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 .

• vfg]kfgLsf k/Dk/fut ;|f]tx¿sf] ;+/If0f u/L lbuf] Joj:yfkgdf ljz]if Wofg lbOg]5 .

43

• vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;]jf lj:tf/sf nflu gk'u ;|f]t k"lt{ ug{ lghL If]q, u}/;/sf/L If]q, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfnufot cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu jflif{s of]hgf th'{dfsf] r/0fb]lv g} ;dGjo ul/g]5 .

• vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO lgdf{0f / pkof]udf jftfj/0fd}qL Pjd\ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng x'g] Joj:yfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

• :yfgLo lgsfonufot ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf ;xeflutfd"ns cg'udg, d"Nofª\sg k4lt :yflkt u/L ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 .

• vfg]kfgL / ;/;kmfO{ ;]jfnfO{ cleofgsf ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ ljleGg txdf /x]sf vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf ;ldltx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; tyf lqmoflzn agfOg]5 .

• 3/n' zf}rfno lgdf{0fnfO{ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf;Fu cfj4 u/L ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd ;+Rffng ul/g]5 .

• vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f / pkof]udf jftfj/0fd}qL Pj+ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng x'g] Joj:yfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

nlIft ;d'bfo• Ifdtf clej[l4;DaGwL sfo{qmd tyf r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx?sf]

lg/Gt/ ;~rfng u/L al~rltdf k/]sf ;d'bfox?nfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ul/g]5 .• :yfgLo zf;gsf ;a} tx / k|lqmofdf ljkGg tyf jl~rltdf k/]sf

ju{ tyf ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .• nlIft ;d'bfox?sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s pTyfgsf nflu ljleGg ;/sf/L, lghL Pjd\

u}/;/sf/L If]q;Fu ;dGjo u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .• nlIft ju{sf] :jf:Yo tyf lzIff ;DaGwL sfo{qmddf ah]6 a[l4sf

nflu ;DalGwt lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo j[l4 ul/g]5 .• nlIft ;d'bfox?sf] ;zQmLs/0f tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf nflu Ifdtf clej[l4, /f]huf/L

tyf r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx? cleofgs} ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g]5 .• lgb]{lzsf tyf sfo{ljlw cg';f/ nlIft ju{sf] nflu tf]lsPadf]lhd /sd ljlgof]hg

;'lglZrt u/L sfo{qmd ;Grfng ul/g]5 .• nlIft ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut ;Lk, efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g tyf ljsf;sf

nflu ;DjlGwt ;d'bfos} cu|;/tfdf ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .• k|fylds txsf] lzIffdf dft[efiff lzIf0fnfO{ k|j4{g ul/g]5 .• cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;~hfn, dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf /

dlxnf ;d"x ;lqmo ;+nUgtfdf sfo{qmd ;Grfng ul/g]5 .• :yfgLo lgsfo, ;+3–;+:yf / gLlh If]qdf nlIft ju{ / ;d'bfonfO{ /f]huf/Ldf

k|fyldstfsf nflu cfjZostfcg';f/ gLlt tyf k}/jL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .• nlIft ju{sf] nflu ljlgof]lht /sdnfO{ nlIft ju{d} nufgL / pkof]u ug{sf]

nflu kxn ul/g]5 .• r]lna]6L, dfgj a]rljvg ug]{, afn>d zf]if0f ug]{ tyf hftLo lje]b

ug{]nfO{ ;fdflhs ?kdf alxisf/ ub}{ dfgj lj/f]lwsf] 3f]if0ff u/L sfg"gsf] bfo/fdf NofOg]5 .

• nlIft ju{sf sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .• nlIft ju{sf] ;d'x÷;+:yfdfkm{t\ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ k|fyldstf

lbOg]5 .• uflj;:t/Lo Kof/flnun ;ldlt tyf lgu/fgL s]Gb| u7g u/L kl/rfng ul/g]5 .• dlxnf, blnt, hghfltsf ;d"xx?nfO{ ;+ul7t ub}{ ljsf; tyf r]tgfd"ns

ultljlwdf ;+nUg ul/g]5 . 44

• lhNnfdf ckfËtf ePsf JolQm nufot nlIft tYofÍ lgoldt?kdf cBfjlws ul/g]5 .• ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;'ljwf x:tfGt/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh, ;/n / k|efjsfl/ agfpg hf]8

lbOg]5 .

45

$=# ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;ljsf;sf] cj:yfnfO{ ;lhn} dx;"; ug]{, b]Vg ;lsg] / To;nfO{ ;xh pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf k"jf{wf/

ljsf;jf6 dfq ;+ej /xG5 . k"jf{wf/ Hofb} Jofks cy{df k|of]u x'g] If]q xf] . o; leq ;dofg";f/ ljleGg ljifout If]qx?nfO{ ;d]l6Psf] x'G5, h:t} oftfoft, l;+rfO{, vfg]kfgL, ejg lgdf{0f, 9n lgdf{0f, ljB't, ;+rf/ cfbL jfx]sklg cGo sltko o; leq kb{5g . ef}lts k"jf{wf/ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sfnfuL ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ dfWodsf] ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . ;8s tyf k'n, sNe6{, ljB't\, ;~rf/ k|0ffnL cfbL cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs If]q;+u k|ToIf ?kdf hf]8LPsf x'G5g, h:nfO{ ;d]6]/ lhNnfsf] k"jf{wf/ If]qsf] of]hgf th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo txdf cfjZos k"jf{wf/x¿sf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;+ef/df ;xhLs/0f ug{ :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; gLlt @)^! ;d]t sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf] ;du| ef}lts k"jf{wf/ If]qsf] ljsf;sf nfuL b]xfoadf]lhdsf pkIf]q cg';f/ ;"rsx? tyf sfo{gLltx? k|:t't ul/Psf] 5M-s_ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;+u ;DjlGwt ;"rsx?cfjf; tyf j:tL ljsf;, zx/L ljsf; / ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k

;'rsx?

-cfwf/ji

f{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&

^@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

k'i6\ofOsf cfwf/x?

dfGotfx?

pknlJwM;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f / Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL gLltx? ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xsfo{df lgdf{0f u/L k|efjsf/L 9+udf nfu' ug]{ .

of]hgfj4 jl:t tyf j;f]jf;, If]qsf] lgdf{0f -;+Vof_ 2 2 5 6 7 8 ;/sf/L

lgsfo tyf bft[ lgsfosf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePdf


0 0 5 7 10 15

ejg cfrf/;+lxtfsf] th'{df gePsf]

gePsf]

th"[{df ;'?

;DkGg nfu' ;ldIff

k|ltkmn g+= !McTofw'lgs k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; eO{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg zx/x?sf] ljsf; ePsf] x'g]5 .

of]hgfj4 jl:t tyf j;f]jf;, If]qsf] lgdf{0f -;+Vof_ 2 2 5 6 7 8 zx/L ljsf;

tyf ejg sfof{nosf] k|ltj]bg .lhNnf j:t'ut k|f]kmOn

:ki6 dfkb08 cg'?k Jofkf/Ls tyf cf}Bf]lus If]qx?sf] :yfkgf -;+Vof_ 2 2 1 1 1 2

:ki6 dfkb08 cg'?k ;jf/L kfls{Ë, ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] kfls{Ë If]q, j; lj;f}gLx? lgdf{0f -;+Vof_

1 1 3 3 4 5

44

ko{6lso tyf wfld{s If]qx? lgwf{/0f -;+Vof_ 5 5 7 10 12 15

k|jl4{t cfjf; If]qsf] ;+Vof 0 0 5 6 7 8ef}lts ljsf; of]hgf cg'?k lgdf{0f÷k'glgdf{0f ePsf ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ -;+Vof_

8 8 15 17 20 23zx/L ljsf; sfof{no tyf gu/kflnsfx?sf] clen]vejg cfrf/;+lxtf s8fOsf ;fy

sfof{Gjog ePsf uflj;÷gkf, -;+Vof_ 5 5 15 17 20 23

k|ltkmn g+= @M;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f sfo{x? Jojl:yt / ;'/lIft ePsf x'g]5g .

kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] Jojl:yt / lbuf] Joj:yfkg ePsf gkf, -;+Vof_ 6 6 15 17 20 23

;'/lIft ejg lgdf{0f;DaGwL bIf JolQm -;+Vof_ 343 350 450 518 595 684

:ofg]6/L 9nsf] nDafO -ls=dL=_ 33 35 45 52 60 68 lhlj;sf] clen]v

kmf]xf]/d}nf k|zf]wg s]Gb|, -;+Vof_ 1 1 3 4 5 6 zx/L ljsf;

sfof{no tyf gu/kflnsfx?sf] clen]v

dfkb08 cg';f/ lgdf{0f ePsf ;+/rgf -k|ltzt_ 14 15 20 23 26 30


0 0 5 7 10 15

;8s, l;+rfO, ;fd'bflos lgdf{0f tyf ;fj{hlgs oftfoft ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k

;'rsx? pknlJw k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x?

dfGotf -

cfwf/jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&

^@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

pknlJwM;8s, oftfoft, l;+rfO{ / cGo ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/sf]

;8s 3gTj lsld÷j=ls=dL= 1.55 1.65 2.06 2.58 3.22 4.03 lhlj;÷lhk|sfsf] clen]v

;/sf/L k|fyldstf lg/Gt/ ePdf

;8s 3gTj lsld÷xhf/ hg;+Vof 3.43 3.65 4.56 5.7 7.13 8.91lhNnfsf] k|d'v ahf/ tyf ;]jf s]Gb|df k'Ug nfUg] ;do -306f_ 1.22 0.98 0.78 0.63 0.5 0.47

7'nf tyf n3' l;rfO{ cfof]hgfjf6 l;+lrt If]q -k|ltzt_

39.48 42 52.5 65.63 82.03 92.54

45

ljsf; / lj:tf/ ePsf] x'g]5 .k|ltkmng+= !M;8s tyf oftfoft ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/Lotf / lg/Gt/tfdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

;8ssf] kx'Fr ePsf uflj;÷gkf jf8{ k|ltzt_ 71.44 76 79 82 86.44 85.55EMP/IEE/EIA u/L lgdf{0f ePsf ;8s -;+Vof_ 3 3 4 5 6 7

afof]Ol~hlgol/Ë k|ljlw pkof]u nDafO -ls=ld=_ 4 4 5 6.25 7.81 9.77

b}lgs oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf ePsf uflj;÷gkf -;+Vof_ 34 36 45 56 70 88

lhNnfsf] s'n ;8s dWo] gfnL ePsf ;8s nDafO{ -k|ltzt_ 38 40 50 62.5 78.13 97.66

!@ dlxgf oftfoft ;'rf? ;8s -ls=ld=_ 2378 2530 3162.3 3953 4940 6175sfnf]kq] ;8s nDafO{ -ls=ld=_ 1452 1545 1931.3 2414 3017 3771u|fe]n ;8s -ls=ld=_ 2038 2053 2068 2088 2117 2200w'n] ;8s -ls=ld=_ 760 808 !)%) !@%) !%)) 1800;8s k'n -;+Vof_ 53 56 60 66 70 75

k|ltkmn g+= @M ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ahf/df cfd gful/ssf] kx'Fr tyf pkof]udf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

b'u{d 3/w'/Laf6 d'Vo ;]jf lng hfg nfUg] cf};t ;do -306f_ 1 1 1 0.75 0.5 0.25 lhlj;÷lhk|

fsfsf] clen]v

!@ x} dlxgf oftfoft ;~rfng x'g] ;8s -/f]8x]8_ -ls=ld=_ 940 1000 1250 1562 1650 2000

k|ltkmng+= #M v]ltof]Uo hldgdf l;+rfO{sf] k|efjsf/L Aoj:yfkg eO{ pTkfbg

k|fu+ffl/s v]tL ug]{ -k|ltzt_ 3 3 3.75 4.69 5.86 7.32au/ v]tL -k|ltzt_ 14 15 18.75 23.44 29.3 36.62l;+lrt If]q -x]_ 81830 88376 95447 103082 111329 120235xfnsf] jfln ;3gtf 183.3 195 240 305 350 380gx/ s'nf] lj:tf/ -ls=ld=_ 47 50 62.5 78.13 97.66 122.07jf]l/ª, kDk;]6, df]6/ ;+Vofdf j[4L 470 500 625 781 977 1221

46

df a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5.

47

ljB't, ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ / lj1fg k|ljlw ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k

;"rsx?sf] cj:yf / ;f]sf] dfkg ug]{ cfwf/x? k'i6\ofOsf cfwf/x?

dfGotfx? ;'rsx? -

cfwf/jif{_

@)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

pknlJwMljB't, j}slNks pmhf{ tyf ;"rgf ;+rf/df lhNnfaf;Lsf] kx'Fr / pkof]udf a[l4 eO{ hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] .

l;rfO ljB"lts/0f ug{ u|fxs ;+Vofdf j[4L 4319 4595 5744 7180 8975 11218 /fli6«o

hgu0fgfg]=lj=k|f=sf] clen]vg]kfn 6]lnsdsf] k|ltj]bg tyf lhNnf kfZj{lrq

;/sf/L sfo{qmd tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k|ltj4tf lg/Gt/ ePdf

ljB"tsf] u'0f:tl/otf sfod -dlxgf_ 8 9 11 14 18 22ljB"tdf cfwfl/t pBf]u :yfkgf -;fgf, 7"nf_ 113 120 150 188 234 293

ljB"t phf{sf] vktjf6 jg ljgf;df /f]syfd -x]=_ 902 960 1200 1500 1875 2344

s'n hg;+VofdWo] s]Gb|Lo ljB't\ ;]jf pkef]u ug{] hg;+Vofsf] c+z -k|ltzt_

53 56 60 66 71 82

s]Gb|Lo ljB't\ ;]jf lj:tf/ ePsf uflj;÷gkf -;+Vof_ 31 33 41 52 64 81

cf}Bf]lus k|of]hgsf nflu jflif{s ljB't\ vkt -o'lg6_ 9626249 10240690 12800863 16001078 2000134

8 25001685

s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu jflif{s ljB't\ vkt -o'lg6_ 250076 266038 332548 415684 519605 649507

k|ltkmn !MljB't\ tyf k/Dk/fut OGwgsf] vktdf sdL cfPsf] x'g]5 .

3/]n' k|of]hgsf] nflu jflif{s ljB't\ vkt -o'lg6_

22032393 23438716 29298395 36622994 4577874

2 57223428 ;/sf/L sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ePdf

cf};t ;fKtflxs nf]8;]l8ª cjlw -306f_ 33 35 44 55 68 85ljB't\ ;]jfsf] pknAwtf -3/w'/L ;+Vof_ 122097 129890 162363 202953 253691 317114

b}lgs k]6«f]n tyf l8h]n vkt -ln6/_ 11557 12295 15370 19212 24015 30019

dfl;s Pnlk UofF; vkt l;ln08/ -;+Vof_ 55437 58975 73719 92149 115186 143982

OGwgsf] ?kdf bfp/fsf] jflif{s vkt – d]=6g

4826073 5134120 6417650 8022062 10027578

12534472

48

ljB't r'xfj6 jflif{s –k|ltzt_ 20 21 19 17 14 12

k|ltkmng+= @ M ;+rf/df dfWod / ;"rgf gful/ssf] kx'Fr / pkof]udf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

6]lnlehg k|of]u ug]{ 3/w'/L -k|ltzt_ 31 33 41 51 64 80

Nof08nfOg 6]lnkmf]g ;'ljwf pknAw uflj; 9 10 13 16 20 24

O{G6/g]6 ;]jf pknAw uflj; 9 10 13 16 20 24lhNnfdf ;~rflnt PkmPd /]l8of] 11 12 15 19 23 29kqklqsf b}lgs &, ;fKtflxs#%, kflIfs#, dfl;s @ / q}dfl;s ! u/L 48 50 52 55 56 57

;fj{hflgs k':tsfno 34 35 36 37 38 39

49

-v_ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;;Fu ;DjlGwt sfo{gLltx?k"jf{wf/ ljsf; If]q s]Gb|:t/ / :yfgLo:t/sf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] :ki6 jlu{s/0f u/L :yfgLo

k"jf{wf/ ;+aGwL sfo{x? :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 ;+rfng ul/g]5 . :yfgLo k"jf{Wff/ ljsf;df hg;xeflutfsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo >f]t, ;fwg / ;Lk

kl/rfng k|0ffnLnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu Go"gtd dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/L ;f]sf] kfngf

ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;+efJotf cWoog, lj:t[t l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfg u/]/ jftfj/0fd}qL ef}lts

k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . lgdf{0fdf k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|L, lgdf{0f ul/g] ;do / To;df ;+nUg x'g]

dfgj ;+;fwgsf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt u/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] u'0f:t/ kIfdf ;'wf/ ul/g]5 .

cfof]hgf dd{t ;+ef/ / ;+rfngdf pkef]Qmf e]nfaf6 5gf]6 ePsf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ kl/rfng u/L kl/of]hgfdf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ckgkTj a[4L ul/g]5 .

nfut ;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t of]hgfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . of]hgf 5gf}6sf nflu k|fyldstf lgwf{0f ug]{ cf}hf/x¿sf] k|of]u u/L

cfof]hgf 5gf]6 k|lqmofnfO{ j}1flgs / lgikIf agfOg]5 . pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] g]t[Tj txdf dlxnf tyf nlIft ju{sf] ;+nUgtf a[l4 u/L

pgLx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] dfWodaf6 k"jf{wf/x¿sf] bLuf] k|of]usf nflu r]tgfd"ns

sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ul/g]5 . k"jf{wf/ ljsf; cfof]hgfdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, ;fj{hlgs k/LIf0f dfkm{t kfngf

cg'udg tyf hjfkmb]xLtf a[l4 ul/g]5 .

;8s tyf oftfoft ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ ;+/rgf lgdf{0f, :t/f]Gglt / 6«ofs vf]Ng] sfddf ;Gt'ng

ldnfOg]5 . ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{df :t/f]Gglt tyf dd{t ;+ef/df k|fyldstf lbOg]5 / sf]/

g]6js{sf d'Vo ;8sx?nfO{ afx|} dlxgf oftfoft ;Grfng of]Uo cj:yfdf NofOg]5 .

l;+rfO{, ko{6g, pBf]unfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] / s[lif, lzIff / :yf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr clea[l4 ug]{ ;8sx?sf] lgdf{0f / :t/f]Gglt ul/g]5 .

;8s lsgf/f / tndfly jfof]OlGhlgol/Ësf] sfo{ clgjfo{ ?kdf ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . o;sf] nflu cfof]hgfsf] sDtLdf @ k|ltzt /sd jfof]OlGhlgol/Ë sfo{df 5'6\ofO{ vr{ug]{ gLlt nfu" ul/g]5 .

;8s tyf k'nx?sf] lgdf{0f ug'{ k"j{ clgjfo{ ?kdf ;e]{, l8hfO{g, 8«O{ª, nfut Oli6d]6 u/L ;f] sf] af/]df :yfgLo ;d'bfo Pj+ ;/f]sf/jfnfdf cled'lvs/0f / ;"–;'lrt ul/g]5.

7"nf d]zLgsf] k|of]unfO{ sd ub}{ ;8s oftfoft lgdf{0f sfo{df >dd"ns Pj+ :yfgLo /f]huf/d"ns k|ljlw ckgfOg]5 .

lhNnfsf ;8sx?df ;'/lIft / ;j{;'ne oftfoft Joj:yf ;~rfng ug{ lghL jf ;fd'bflos If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

47

ljB't tyf j}lsNks phf{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] æ;g\ @)!& ;Dddf b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ 3/w'/Lx¿df :jR5 pmhf{sf

k|ljlwx¿ k'¥ofO{ 3/leqsf] w'jfFd'Qm ug]{Æ cleofgdf cfwfl/t eO{ j}slNks pmhf{sf] sfo{s|d ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

ljB't tyf j}slNks phf{sf dfWodaf6 u|fdL0f hgtfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cj:yfdf ;'wf/ tyf jftfj/0fLo bLuf]kgfdf ;xof]u k'Ug] vfnsf PsLs[t sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

lhNnfnfO{ phf{ pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/ t'Nofpg cfjZos cfGtl/s tyf afXo ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t phf{ pTkfbg u/fO{ pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ al9 pQ/bfoL tyf lhDd]jf/ agfO{g]5

ljB't tyf j}slNks phf{ pTkfbg tyf ljt/0fdf ;fj{hlgs, lghL ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdnfO{ cl3 a9fO{g] 5 .

hnljB't pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ;~hfn agfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 .

;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/nfO{ ljsf; Joj:yfkg / ;'zf;g k|j{wgsf] k|d'v dfWodsf]

kl/rfng ul/g]5 . ;'zf;g, ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj ;DaGwL hgr]tgfd"ns

sfo{nfO{ ljz]if ;do / k|fyldstfdf /flvg]5 . vf]h tyf cg';Gwfgd"ns / ;'zf;g k|j4g sfo{qmddf ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 . ;~rf/;]jfsf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ / u'0f:t/ a[l4 ug{ hf]8 lbO{g]5 . x'nfs ;]jfsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ hf]8 lbO{g]5 . lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ub}{ ;fj{hgls lghL ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Lsf] cwf/df ;

+rf/ If]qdf nufgL a[l4 ul/g]5 . ;+rf/ If]q / ;+rf/sdL{sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 . lhNnfl:yt ;+rf/dfWodaf6 lhNnfsf] P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s / k'/ftflTjs If]qsf] k|

rf/, k|;f/ / ;Dj4{g x'g] lsl;dsf ;fdfu|Lsf] pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0f Pj+ k|sfzgdf hf]8 lbO{g]5.

u|fdL0f b'/;~rf/ sf]ifsf] kl/rfng u/L ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?df a|f]8Jof08 OG6/g]6 ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 .

zx/L ljsf; / cfjf; tyf lgdf{0f ejg lgdf{0f cfrf/ ;lx+tf kl/kfngf / lgoldt cg'udg ul/g]5 / o; ;DaGwL

hgr]]tgf a[l4 ul/g]]5 . Jojl:yt zx/L ljsf;sf nflu lhNnfsf ;x/f]Gd'v uflj;x?df zx/L ljsf;

sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . lhNnfsf k|d'v ahf/s]Gb|x?nfO{ ljz]if cfly{s ;Defjgf If]qsf] ?kdf

ljsf;ug{ j:tL of]hgf Pj+ k"jf{wf/df nufgL ul/g]5 . lgdf{0f sfo{x?nfO{ ;'/IfLt, lskmfotL, jftfj/0fd}qL agfpg Wofg

lbOg]5 . 5l/P/ /x]sf 3/ ufpFx?nfO{ PsLs[t u|fdL0f ahf/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]

{ sfo{ Jojl:yt ul/g]5 .48

;]jf k|jfxnfO{ Jol:yt ug{ PsLs[t ?kdf j:tL ljsf; ul/g]5 . ;fgf ;x/ tyf ahf/x?df PsLs[t k"jf{wf/ of]hgf tyf ljsf; ul/g]5 . gu/f]Gd'v ahf/x?df kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg cfwf/e"t zx/L

k"jf{Wff/ / ;]jfsf] ljsf; ub}{ nlug]5 .

49

$=$ jg jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkga9\bf] hg;+Vof tyf pkef]usf sf/0f k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf lg/Gt/ rfk j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf b}lgs pmhf{sf],

kz'kfngsf nflu cfxf/f, cf}ifwL lgdf{0fsf nflu sRrf kbfy{, kmlg{r/ nufot 3/]n' cfjZostfsf ;fdu|Lsf] ;|f]t tyf b}lgs hLljsf]kfh{gsf c? cg]sg\ cfofdx¿df jghGo k}bfj/sf] k|of]u a9\bf jgdflysf] rfk tLj| ultdf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . kmn:j?k jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngdf x|f; cfO{ ljZjJofkL pi0ftf, hnjfo' kl/jt{gh:tf uDeL/ r'gf}ltx¿ ljZjel/ a9\b} uPsf] 5 . xfnsf jif{x¿df k|fs[lts ljkb\sf] cfj[lQ (Frequency) / ;3gtf (Magnitude) a9\b} uPsf] ljZjel/ g} dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . df]/ª lhNnfsf] t/fO{, efFj/, b"g tyf r'/] v08sf] sl/a !@)) ld6/ ;Ddsf] prfO{df pi0f k|b]lzo ;bfjxf/ h+un / s]xL kxf8L uf=lj=;=sf] !@)! b]vL @!)) ld6/ ;Ddsf prfO{df ;dzLtf]i0f ktem/ h+un cjl:yt 5 .o; lhNnfdf sl/j #) k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf dfq jg If]q /x]sf] 5 . o; cfjlws of]hgfdf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgnfO{ jg, e";+/If0f tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{g / ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] 5'§f5'§} cWoog u/L PsLs[t of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ul/Psf] 5 .-s_ jg jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DjlGwt ;"rsx?

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k

;"rsx?sf] cj:yf / ;f]sf] dfkg ug]{ cfwf/x?k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x?

hf]lvd tyf dfGotfx?;"rsx?

-cfwf/jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

pknlJwM ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtfdf yk j[l4 ub]{ lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f / kof{–ko{6gsf] ljsf;åf/f lhNnf leq /f]huf/Lsf] j[4L ug]{ .

xfnsf] jgIf]qkmn x]= 55500 56000 %&))) %*))) %())) ^))))

lh=j=sf=sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bglhNnf j:t'ut k|f]kmfO{n

jg If]qsf] klxrfg eO{ j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg nfu' -x]=_ 0 0 %) !)) !%) @)) ;/sf/

L ;xof]u lg/Gt/ /x]df / ;d'bfosf] ;/f]sf/ /x]df

;d'bfo:t/df s[lif jg k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsf/Ltfdf j[l4 -x]=_ 30 32 %) !)) @)) #))jghGo sRrf kbfy{sf] k|zf]wgsf nfuL pBf]u :yfkgf -;+Vof_ 0 0 @ % * !)jg k}bfjf/ / h8Lj'6L v]tLjf6 /f]huf/Ldf j[4L ug]{ -;+Vof_ 124 132 @%) #%) $%) %))

k|ltkmn !Mjg cltqmd0f lgoGq0fsf ;fy ;fy} rl/r/0fsf nfuL j}sNkLs pkfox?sf]

cltqmldt If]q ^$! x] dWo] !$) x] agsf] lgoGq0fdf x'g] -x]=_ 24 25 #) @% #) #) • lhNnf

agsfof{nosf] k|ltj]bg, • lhNnf kfZjlrq• lhNnf k|x/Lsf]

;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xof]u ePdfkbk'lt{ ePdf

aglagf; ;u ;DjlGwt aflif{s ^) d'4f btf{ x'g] u/]sf]df sld cfO{ !) cf]6f dfq ePsf] x'g]

1 1 !) !) !) !)

agsf] cf}ift a[l4k|lt x] @)) 9 10 !) !) !) !)

49

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k



-cfwf/jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

Joj:yf ePsf] x'g]5 .

3=dL=af6 @%) 3=dL=x'g] - a}1flgs ag Aofj:Yffkg k|0ffnLaf6 _

tYofÍ, lhNnf cbfntsf] tYofÍ

sd{rf/Lsf] kbk'lt !$$ af6 b/alGb !*! k'/f ePsf] x'g] 14 15 @@ ) ) )lghL hUufdf 8fn] 3f;sf lj?jf v]lt -x]_ 28 30 ^) !)) @)) @%)jg cltqmd0f /f]syfdsf nfuL lgoldt cg'udg-dfl;s @ k6s_

kmf§k'm§

kmf§k'm§ @$ @$ @$ @$

jghGo pBf]ujf6 pTkflbt ;fdfgsf] ljlqmsfnfuL Jojl:yt jhf/sf] k|j4{g -;+Vof_

2 2 % & !) !%

jg k}bfjf/x? pTkfbg -3f+;, jfjlof]+_ sf] Joj:yfkg -x]=_ 0 0 !)) @)) #)

) %))k|ltkmn @M Jojl:yt jg pBd :yfkgfåf/f /f]huf/Ldf j[4L x'g'sf ;fy} /fhdfu{ b]lv blIf0fL e]usf hgtfx?sf] ;/sf/L jgIf]q dflysf] kx'Fr a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

! cf]6f ;fem]bf/L ag Aoj:yfkg ePsf] df $ ylk % cf]6f ;fem]]bf/L ag Aoj:yfkg dfkm{t kx'r a[l4ug]{

2 2 ! ! ) )lh=j=sf=sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bglhNnf j:t'ut k|f]kmfO{n

;/f]sf/afnfx?n] ;xof]u / ;dGjo u/]df;/sf/L ;xof]u lg/Gt/ /x]df / ;d'bfosf] ;/f]sf/ /x]df

s[lif, jg k|0ffnLdf ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfsf nfuL k|efjsf/L sfo{s|dx? nfu' ug]{ -x/]s ;f=j=p= ;d'xdf -k6s_

0 0 ! ! @ $

sRrf kbfy{sf] k|zf]wg u/L lgsf;L / k}7f/Lsf] k|j{4g ug{ ljleGg 7f+px?df ljlqm s]Gb|x?sf] Joj:yf ug]{ -;+Vof_

0 0 @ $ % &

k|ltkmng+= #Mjg If]qsf]

jGohGt' ;+/If0fdf ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtf -k|ltzt_ 0 0 !) @) $) %) lh=j=sf=sf]

jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg

;/sf/L ;xof]u lg/Gt/ cltqmldt k|fs[lts tfn tn}ofx? 0 0 @) $) %) *)

50

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k



-cfwf/jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

Joj:yfkgaf6 h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{gdf ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtf -;+Vof_

lhNnf j:t'ut k|f]kmfO{n

/x]df / ;d'bfosf] ;/f]sf/ /x]df;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x

u7g -;+Vof_ 52 55 62 69 77 87

x:tfGtl/t ;fd'bflos jg If]q -x]S6/_ 545 580 6250 7000 7839 8780

jg Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg uflj; -;+Vof_ 11 12 13 15 17 19

jg Joj:yfkg ;DjlGw tflnd k|fKt ;d"x ;+Vof 56 60 67 75 84 94

pkef]Qmf ;d"x ;b:o ;+Vof 1457 1550 1736 1944 2178 2439jg:klt k|hflt ;+/If0f -;+Vof_ 700 745 834 935 1047 1172jGohGt' k|hflt ;+/If0f -;+Vof_ 55 58 65 73 81 91r/fr'?ËL k|hflt ;+/If0f -;+Vof_ 235 250 280 314 351 3933;|g] k|f0fL k|hflt ;+/If0f -;+Vof_ 32 34 38 43 48 53

peor/ k|f0fL k|hflt ;+/If0f -;+Vof_ 21 22 25 28 31 35

k|ltkmng+= $M lhNnfdf kof{–ko{6gsf] ljsf; eO{ jg, jGohGt' / kof{j/0fsf nfuL ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf :yfgx?sf] klrrfg

jg If]q leq tyf cGo e]udf cjl:yt tfn tn}of tyf l;d;f/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f Joj:yfkg ug]{ -!% j6f_ .

5 5 10 15 12 15lh=j=sf=sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bglhNnf j:t'ut k|f]kmfO{n .

;/sf/L ;xof]u lg/Gt/ /x]df / ;d'bfosf] ;/f]sf/ /x]df .

jg If]q leq b[iofjnf]sgsf nfuL ljz]if ko{6g If]qx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

0 0 2 5 10 15

51

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k



-cfwf/jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

ePsf] x'g]5 .k|ltkmn % M lhNnfsf leqsf ;j} e]u / ju{sf hgtfx?sf] phf{ k|of]usf] kx'+rdf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

aQL nfOg h8fg -k|ltzt_ 66 70 75 80 90 100 lhlj; phf{ zfvfsf] k|lta]bglhNnf j:t'ut kfZj{lrq

;/sf/L ;xof]u lg/Gt/ /x]df / ;d'bfosf] ;/f]sf/ /x]df

uf]a/ Uof; h8fg -k|ltzt_ 19 20 30 45 55 75;f]nf/ l;:6d h8fg -k|ltzt_ 9 10 15 25 40 50blnt jl:tx?df ;f]nf/ l;:6d h8fg -k|ltzt_ 2 2 5 10 20 40

cNk;+Vos jl:tx?df ;f]nf/ l;:6d h8fg -k|ltzt_ 2 2 10 25 50 60

k|ltkmn ^Me"Ifo af9L klx/f]sf] lgoGq0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

pkhnfwf/ If]q lgwf{/0f u/L Aoj:yfkg of]hgf agfpg] -:yfg_ 1 1 1 1 1 1 lhNnf e"

;+/If0fsfof{nosf] k|ltj]bg;+j]bglzn If]qx?sf] /f]syfdug]

{ -:yfg_ 5 5 5 5 5 5

klx/f] lgoGq0fug]{ -:yfg_ 2 2 4 8 10 15s[lif{ ag ;d'xla:tf/ ug]{ - ;+Vof_ 9 10 10 10 10 10Ifltu|:t e"dL k'g?Tyfg ug]{ -x]=_ 5 5 5 5 5 5glbvf]nf lsgf/ ;+/If0f Aoj:yfkg ug]{ -ls=ld_ 6 6 6 6 6 6

gbL psf; ePsf] hUufdf xl/ofln a[l4 ug]{ -x]=_ 9 10 10 10 10 10

k|ltkmn &Ml;d;f/If]q / kfgLsf] >f]t d'xfg ;+/If0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

l;d;f/ If]q ;+/If0f ug]{ 0 0 5 5 5 5kfgL d'xfg ;+/If0fug]{ 2 2 4 6 8 10;+/If0f kf]vl/sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ 5 5 7 10 15 20pkhnfwf/ If]qdf aflif{s @ lsld lh0f{ ;fgf l;rfO{ s'nf] ;/+If0f ug]{

2 2 2 2 2 2

k|ltkmn *Mlakb Aoj:yfkg eO{ hgwgsf] IfltsdL ePsf]

lhNnf lakb oj:yfkg of]hgf lgdf{0f / cBfjlws 1 1 0 0 1 0 g]kfn /]8qm; ;f

];fO{6Lsf] k|ltj]bglhNnf j:t'ut

cfuf] lgefpg] ;fdflu| Aoj:yfkg ug]{ bdsn –uflj;÷gu/kflnsf

5 5 10 15 20 251

52

ljj/0ffTds ;+If]k



-cfwf/jif{_ @)&@÷)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

x'g]5 . kfZj{lrq

53

-v_ jg jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkg sfo{gLltx?

jg jftfj/0f• lbuf] ljsf; / kof{j/0f ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ hnfwf/, jg tyf ;+/lIft If]qx?sf]

Joj:yfkg k4ltnfO{ ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns agfpFb} nlug]5 . • :yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;xsfo{, ;dGjo ub{} jg

cg'udgnfO{ lgoldt tyf k|efjsf/L agfO{ hl8j'6L, u}/sfi7 tyf sfi7 jgk}bfj/ rf]/L lgsf;L tyf jgdflysf] cltqmd0f sd ul/g]5 .

• jg;|f]tsf] ax'pkof]udfkm{t\ hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} jgk|lt :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ckgTjefj j[l4 ul/g]5 .

• jg, hnfwf/ tyf h}ljs ljljwtf Joj:yfkgdf ;xeflutfd'ns k4tL cjnDag u/L ;du| jg / jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

• jg If]qdf ;'zf;g sfod u/L nlIft ;d'bfosf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . ;fy}, ;DalGwt If]qsf ;a} 3/w'/LnfO{ jg ;d"xx¿df cfj4 ug{] k|of; ul/g]5 .

• hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/L jgsf] km8fgL tyf vf]/Lof km8fgLnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ul/g]5 .

• jgsf] kof{j/0fLo dxTjsf] af/]df ;hu ;d'bfo lgdf{0f ug{ k|of; ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu u};;x¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] sfdnfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

• lhNnfsf] h}ljs ljljwtf tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0fsf] nfuL PsLs[t of]hgf th'{df tof/ u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

• j}slNks pmhf{sf] clwstd k|of]u ub}{ jg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf ;'wf/ NofOg] vfnsf] sfo{qmdx¿ k|j4{g ul/g]5 . w'jfF/lxt efG;f 3f]if0ff;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ cleofgsf ?kdf lhNnfel/ lj:tf/ ul/g]5 .

• jg ;d"xx¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ clgolGqt 89]nf] tyf cJojl:yt rl/r/g lgoGq0f ul/g]5 .

• of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgnfO{ ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t, cg';GwgfTds / cg'z/0ffTds agfOg]5 .

• jg tyf jftfj/0f If]qaf6 :yfgLo lgsfodf cfpg] cfDbfgLaf6 jg tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgdf ah]6 ljlgof]hg tyf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

• jg cltqmd0f k|ToIf tyf k/f]If ;xof]u k'Ug] tyf jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g] 5}g / jg ljgf;, cltqmd0f tyf jfjfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu cGo sfo{qmdx?df ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;+Rffng ul/g]5 .

• e"Ifo, kfgL d"xfg, jg tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fnfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{qmd ;dfj]z u/L ;+rfng ug{ k|of; ul/g]5 .

• jg cltqmd0f, cj}w s6fgL, rf]/L, lzsf/, jg 88]nf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;xeflutfd"ns / ;dGjofTds ;+oGq lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

52

• h}ljs ljljwtf, ko{fj/0fLo ;]jf tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ e"kl/lw If]q, h}ljs dfu{, cfbLsf] klxrfg, juL{s/0f / pko'Qm Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .

• jg k}bfj/ tyf ;Dkbfdf cfwfl/t pBf]u Joj;fosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu ;fj{hlgs ;fd'bflos gLlh, ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;fe]mbf/Lsf dfWodaf6 nufgL k|j4{g ul/g]5 .

• jg ;|f]tdf cfl>t ljkGg, dlxnf, blnt, cfbLaf;L hghftLx?sf] hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/sf nflu ;Lk tyf Ifdtf clea[l4, ;zlQms/0f / xl/t cfod"ns tyf /f]huf/Ld"ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

• Ps ;fd'bflos jg Ps pBd, hl8a'6L v]tL tyf jgdf cfwfl/t cGo pBd ljsf;sf ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] dfWodaf6 u|fdL0f If]qdf /f]huf/L l;h{gf ul/g]5 /

• jg tyf jftfj/0f If]qdf nufgL a9fpg gLlh, ;/sf/L / u};;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

• jg tyf jftfj/0f If]qsf] of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgnfO{ ;dfj]zL, ;xeflutfd"ns kf/bzL{ / hjfkm]xL agfOg]5 .

• ljsf; Joj:yfkg k|lqmofdf jftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjwf/0ffnfO{ d"nk|jflxs/0f ul/g]5 .

• zx/L If]qdf æPs gu/ cg]s pBfgÆ cGtu{t pBfg tyf kfs{x?sf] lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .

• zx/L If]qsf ;8sx?df xl/t k]6L -u|Lgj]N6_ lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .• zx/L If]qdf lgdf{0f ul/g] k"jf{wf/sf sfdx?nfO{ jftfj/0fd}qL jgfO{g]5 .• zx/L If]qdf /x]sf jzkfs{, lzIf0f ;+:yf, ;sf/L sfof{no, ;+3 ;+:yff /

snsf/vfgfx?n] clgjfo{ ?kn] jflif{s/?df ug]{ lglt cjnDjg ul/g]5 .• zx/L If]qdf Ps jl:t Ps v'Nnf If]q lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .ljkb\ Joj:yfkg• ljkb\;DaGwL tYo, tYofÍx?nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ PsLs[t ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] ljsf;

ub}{ of]hgf, sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg;Ddsf ;a} rqmx?df ljkb\sf sf/0f x'g ;Sg] Ifltsf] ef}lts tyf cfly{s d"No ;d]tsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ k4ltnfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ nlug]5 .

• ef}lts k"jf{wf/ -;8s, vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO{, ejg lgdf{0f cflb_ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL of]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos ah]6 ;DjlGwt of]hgfsf] nfutd} clgjfo{?kdf ;dfj]z ug]{ gLlt canDag ul/g]5 .

• Ps s/f]8eGbf a9L nfutsf cfof]hgfx¿ ;~rfng ubf{ k|efljt If]qsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fnfO{ clgjfo{ ul/g]5 .

• ;j} uflj;df ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 . • ;a} uflj;df ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sf]if :yfkgf / ;~rfng u/L uflj;x¿sf] cfsl:ds k|

ltsfo{ -Emergency Response_ ug{] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 .• ? bz nfveGbf dflysf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; of]hgfx¿df jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf

tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]5 .

53

• ljkb\ Joj:yfkgdf lqmoflzn ;+3 tyf ;+:yfx¿aLr lg/Gt/ ;dGjo sfod ul/g]5 .• ljkb\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿sf] ;xof]u

h'6fO{ gk'u /sd kl/rfng ul/g]5 .• ljkb\ Joj:yfkg If]qdf cfjZos hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/L :yfgLo:t/df ljkb\ k|

ltsfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .• ljkb\ ;DaGwL ;"rgfx¿nfO{ PsLs[t?kdf ;+sng, k|zf]wg / e08f/0f u/L

ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu pkof]udf NofOg]5 .• ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgnfO{ lskmfotL agfpg h}ljs tyf :yfgLo 1fg, ;Lk / k|

ljlw ;d]tsf] pkof]u ul/g]5 . • ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4dfkm{t\ JolQmut, kfl/jfl/s

tyf ;fd'bflos k"j{tof/Ldf hf]8 lbOg]5 .• ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;dGjofTds ?kdf Psåf/ k|0ffnLaf6 ljkb\ hf]lvd

Joj:yfkgsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g]5 . • ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] lgdf{0f ubf{ jftfj/0fd}qL lx;fjn] ul/g]5 .• jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ adf]lhd k|

f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg clgjfo{ ?kdf ul/g]5 .

54

$=%;+:yfut ljsf;

;]jf k|bfos ;a} ;/sf/L lgsfo, :yfgLo lgsfox?df dfgjLo tyf ef}lts >f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf, k|efjsf/L ?kdf cfGtl/s >f]tx?sf] klxrfg, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg, ;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod eO{ r':t tyf b'?:t cfly{s k|zf;g, kf/bzL{, u'0f:t/Lo, l56f]5l/tf] ;]jf k|jfx, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt, :yfgLo lgsfox? tyf cGo ljsf; ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4, lhNnf ljsf;sf ;a} sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog ;"rgfd'ns, ;xeflutfd"ns x'g'sf] ;fy} :yfgLo lgsfo txdf cfjflws of]hgf cg';f/ ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng, lhNnf ljsf;sf ;a} sfo{qmdx? kf/bzL{ tyf ;"rgf dfly ;]jfu|fxLx?sf] kx'Fr clej[l4 eO{ ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt, lhNnf ljsf;sf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? aLr k|efjsf/L ;dGjo / ljsf; sfo{sf] k|efjsf/L cg"udg tyf d'Nofªsg h:tf s'/fx? ;+u} u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|jfx of]hgfa4 ljsf; x'g] ck]Iff of]hgfn] u/]sf] 5 .-s_ ;+:yfut ljsf; If]qsf ;"rsx?

ljj/0ffTds ;f/f+z


k"jf{g'dfg;"rsx? -cfwf/j

if{_ @)&@÷

)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

pknlJwM :yfgLo :t/df k|jfx x'g] ;j} ;+3;+:yfsf ;]jfx?nfO{ ;dfj]zL, k|ltkmnd"ns / k|efjsf/L jgfpg] .

;fj{hlgs lgsfon] lgjf{x u/]sf] ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/Lsf] n]vfhf]vf ;lxt ;fdflhs k/LIf0f u/L k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs Pj+ sfof{Gjog ug]{ :yfgLo tyf ljifout lgsfox? - ;+Vof_

0 0 5 10 15 25

• cflhljof] clGtd, dBfjlw / aflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg• :yfgLo tyf

ljifout lgsfox?sf] ;fdflhs k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg• ;+rf/ dfWoddf

k|sflzt ;fdu|Lx?

• :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg eO{ lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw jxfn ePsf x'g]• pknAw P]g,

lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfsf] kl/kfngf x'g] tyf ;dofg"ns kl/dfh{g x'g]

;"rsx?sf] cj:yf / ;f]sf] dfkg ug]{ cfwf/x?

lhNnfdf ;'zf;gsf If]qdf lqmofzLn gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yf -;+Vof_

11 12 20 25 30 40

;fd'bflos ;+:yfdf cfj4 gePsf kl/jf/-k|ltzt_ 24 25 22 28 16 15

k|ltkmn g+= !M:yfgLo zf;gsf

Ifltk"lt{;lxtsf] a8fkq cg';f/ ;]jf k|jfx ug{] lgsfo

0 0 5 10 15 20• ljifout lgsfo aflif{s• ;+3Lo dfldnf u|fxs ;Gt'i6L dfkgsf] 0 0 5 10 15 20

54

ljj/0ffTds ;f/f+z



if{_ @)&@÷

)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

;fem]bf/x?sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; ePsf] x'g]5 .

k4lt tyf lgoldt cEof; ug{] ;fj{hlgs lgsfo -;+Vof_

tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno tyf ljifout dGqfnosf]] k|ltj]bg• ;+rf/dfWoddf k|sflzt ;fdu|Lx? ljleGg lgsfox?

sf cWoog tyf ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg

;fj{hlgs lgsfon] lgjf{x u/]sf] ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/Lsf] n]vfhf]vf ;lxt ;fdflhs k/LIf0f u/L k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs Pj+ sfof{Gjog ug]{ :yfgLo tyf ljifout lgsfox?

0 0 5 10 15 25

0 0 5 10 15 25

jflif{s ljsf; vr{ -sfo{qmd_ 86 90 113 141 176 220

Go'gtd\ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;lxt cfˆg} sfof{no ejg ePsf sfof{no -uflj; ;d]t_

105 110 138 172 215 269

sDKo'6/df cfwfl/t clen]v k|0ffnL / tYof+s Joj:yfkgdf cfwfl/t eO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ uf=lj=;=

10 10 13 16 20 24

O{G6/g]6 ;'ljwf;lxt cfkm\g} j]j;fO6 eO{ lgoldt cBfjlws ;d]t ug{] uf=lj=;=

0 0 5 10 15 30

O{G6/g]6 ;'ljwf pknAw ;|f]t s]Gb|÷ljBfno tyf ;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| /

43 45 56 70 88 110

55

ljj/0ffTds ;f/f+z



if{_ @)&@÷

)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

6]nL ;]G6/O{G6/g]6 ;'ljwf;lxt j]j ;fO{6 pknAw ;]jf s]Gb| / :jf:Yo ;+:yf

0 0 5 10 15 25

cfjZos / b/aGbL cg';f/ uf=lj=;=, ;]jf s]Gb|, sfof{no / ;+3÷;+:yfdf sfo{/t dfgj ;+;fwg

71 75 94 117 146 183

lhNnfdf ;lqmo s[lif tyf kz' ;]jfsf ;|f]t JolQm 71 75 94 117 146 183

k|ltkmn g+= @M;||f]t kl/rfngdf kf/blz{tf tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

:jLs[t ah]6 tyf vr{sf] lgoldt ;fj{hlgs ug{] -j]a;fO6, ;+rf/ dfWod, ;"rgf kf6L, cGt/lqmof_

2 2 3 3 4 5

• /fhgLlts bnx?aLrsf] ;xdlt tyf ;lqmotf lg/Gt/ a[l4 x'g]• :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg eO{ lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw jxfn ePsf x'g]• ljBdfg ;fGble{s P]g, gLlt lgodsf] kl/kfngf x'g] / ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g x'g]

– ;/sf/L sfof{no 0 0 5 8 12 15 • ljifout lgsfo aflif{s k|ltj]bg• ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno tyf ljifout dGqfnosf]] k|ltj]bg• ;+rf/dfWoddf k|sflzt ;fdu|Lx? ljleGg lgsfox?

sf cWoog tyf ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg

– lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ePsf u}=;=;=x?

14 15 19 23 29 37

lhNnfsf] s'n ah]6df :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] of]ubfg -/fhZj afF8kmfF8 ;lxt_ s/f]8

475 500 625 781 977 1221

lhNnfsf] s'n ah]6df s]Gb|Lo ;|f]tsf] of]ubfg -k|ltzt_

81 85 106 133 166 208

lhNnfsf] s'n ah]6df u}=;=;= / ljsf; ;fem]bf/sf]] ;|f]t -k|ltzt_

11 12 15 19 23 29

56

ljj/0ffTds ;f/f+z



if{_ @)&@÷

)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

lh=lj=;=sf] cfGtl/s cfosf] j[l4 –k|ltzt_ 33 35 44 55 68 85

uf=lj=;=sf] cf};t cfGtl/s cfo /sd -? xhf/df_ 47500 50000 62500 78125 97656 122070

k|ltkmn g+= #M:yfgLo zf;g tyf lg0f{o k|lqmof ;xeflutfd"ns, kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL ePsf] x'g]5 .

;'zf;g;DaGwL pknAw P]g, lgod, gLlt tyf lgb]{lzsf / ;+/rgf, ljlwx?sf] k|of]u

sd k|efjsf/L

sd k|efjsf/

L

lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ ePsf]




• hjkmb]lxtf clea[l4df gful/ssf] cg'udg tyf gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yfsf] ;+nUgtf ;+:yfut x'g]•

ljBdfg ;fGble{s P]g, gLlt lgodsf] kl/kfngf x'g] / ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g x'g]

u'gf;f] ;'gjfO{sf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yf eO{ nfu" ug{] ;fj{hlgs lgsfo

sd k|efjsf/L

sd k|efjsf/

L

cf+lzs k|efjsf/L ePsf]

k"0f{ k|efjsf/L ePsf]

k|efjsf/L ePsf]

k|efjsf/L ePsf]

lhNnfdf ;'zf;gsf If]qdf lqmofzLn gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yf

11 12 20 25 30 40

lgoldt ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ cfof]hgf u/L k|ltj4tf sfof{Gjog ug]{ uf=lj=;= -k|ltzt_

10 12 15 19 23 29

;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfjf6 ;Gt'i6 ;]jfu|fxL -k|ltzt_

36 40 50 63 78 98

k|ltkmn g+= $Mof]hgf tyf ah]6 th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;dfj]zL,

/0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df ePsf ljifout If]qx? -;+Vof_

4 5 6 8 10 12 • pknAw gLlt, P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfdf ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g x'g]• nlIft ju{sf]

sfo{tfnLsf cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{] :yfgLo lgsfo -k|ltzt_

0 0 25 35 50 80

57

ljj/0ffTds ;f/f+z



if{_ @)&@÷

)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

k|ltkmnd"ns tyf k|efjsf/L ePsf] x'g]5 .

Ifdtf clea[4L x'g]

Gflthfd"ns cg'udg cEof; gePsf] gePsf]

ePsf] x'g]

ePsf] x'g]

ePsf] x'g]

ePsf] x'g]

t];|f] kIfaf6 ul/g] cg'udg gePsf] gePsf]

ePsf] x'g]

ePsf] x'g]

ePsf] x'g]

ePsf] x'g]

ufFp ljsf; of]hgfdf j=gf=d+, gf=;=s]= tyf l;=lj=cf]=n] dfu u/]sf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmddf ah]6 ljlgof]hg -k|ltzt_

56 60 67.2 72 80 90

k|ltkmn g+= %MnlIft ju{ tyf ;d'bfosf] ;zlQms/0f / d"nk|jfxLs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] nflu cfkm}+ cfjfh p7fpg g;Sg] kl/jf/ -k|ltzt_

12 13 16 20 25 32 • ljkGgtf :t/Ls/0f ;e{]If0f k|ltj]bg

• cflhljof] aflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg

• ;+rf/dfWoddf k|sflzt ;fdu|Lx?

hf]lvddf k/]sf kl/jf/ -k|ltzt_

21 23 20 16 12 10

;fdflhs / JolQmut ?kdf e]befjdf k/]sf kl/jf/ -k|ltzt_

15 17 15 12 10 5

k|ltkmn ^M ;]jf k|bfos ;a} ;/sf/L lgsfo, :yfgLo lgsfox?df dfgjLo tyf ef}lts >f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g]5 .

cfjlws of]hgf @)&&÷)&* ;DddfM ;j}} uflj;df ;lrjsf] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g]5 ;j}} uflj;df slDtdf klg @ hgf ;xfos sd{rf/Lsf]] kbk"lt{ ePsf]

x'g]5 . ;j}} gu/kflnsfsf ;j}}} j8fdf j8f ;lrjsf] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g]5 . lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf tyf lhlj; df]/ªsf] dfq cf]8L lgdf{0f

eO{ cfjZos ;j} b/jGbL ;[hgf eO{ kbk"lt{ ePsf]df ;j}} gu/kflnsfx?sf] cf]8L lgdf{0f eO{ cfjZos ;j} b/jGbL ;[hgf eO{ kbk"lt{ ePsf] x'g]5

lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf tyf lhlj; df]/ªsf] dfq Ifdtf ljsf; of]hgf ePsf]df ;j}} gu/kflnsfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; of]hgf lgdf{0f ePsf]

lhlj; ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] clen]v tyf uflj; / gu/ k|f]kmfO{n

• pknAw gLlt, P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfsf] kfngf cg'udg x'g] tyf ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g x'g]• /fhgLlts bnx?aLrsf] ;xdlt

58

ljj/0ffTds ;f/f+z



if{_ @)&@÷

)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

x'g]5 . lhlj; df]/ª, lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf tyf ;j}} gu/kflnsfx?sf] ;]jf

k|jfx ;'rL l8lh6n l8:Kn] jf]8{ dfkm{t hgtfnfO{ ;'lrt ul/g] 5 . ljleGg sfo{ljlw tyf lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k|jfx ug]

{ l;nl;nfdf cfw'lgs ;"rgf k|0ffnL tyf ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ePsf] x'g]5 .

km/s km/s 7fpFsf ;kmn cEof; tyf of]hgfx? lhNnfdf nfu" ePsf] x'g]5 .

tyf ;lqmotf lg/Gt/ a[l4 x'g]

k|ltkmn &M cfGtl/s >f]tx?sf] klxrfg, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L ?kn] ePsf] x'g]5 .

cfjlws of]hgf @)&&÷)&* ;DddfM k|To]s jif{ lhlj; df]/ª, lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf tyf ;j}}

gu/kflnsfx? n] /fhZjsf >f]tx?sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] x'g]5 .

ljleGg ljifosf vr{ sfoljlwx? tof/ u/L k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/]sf] x'g]5 .

>f]t kl/rfngsf] l:yltdf lgDg ;'wf/ cfPsf] x'g]5 M

lhlj; ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] clen]v tyf n]vf zfvfx?sf] k|ltj]bg

k|ltkmn *M ;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod eO{ r':t tyf b'?:t cfly{s k|zf;g, kf/bzL{, u'0f:t/Lo, l56f]5l/tf] ;]jf k|jfx, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ePsf] x'g]5 .

cfjlws of]hgf @)&&÷)&* ;DddfM lhlj; df]/ª, lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf, tyf ;j}} gu/kflnsf tyf

slDtdf %) k|ltzt uflj;x?df Computer Accounting Packagenfu" eO{ s'g} klg e'QmfgL ;dodf g} ePsf] x'g]5 .

lhlj; df]/ª, lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf, tyf ;j}} gu/kflnsfsf] cBfjlws j]e;fO6 af6 ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf ;'rgf ;a}n] x]g{ ;Sg]5g\ .

ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;]jf k|jfxsf sfo{ k|s[ofx? ;/nLs[t eO{ :yfgLo lgsfodf Ifltk"lt{ ;lxtsf] gful/s j8fkqdf Joj:yf eP c'g;f/ g} ;a} ;]jfu|fxLx?n] ;]jf kfPsf x'g]5g\ .

;]jfu|fxL ;xfotf 8]:s af6 cfjZos k/fdz{ / ;]jf lng kfPsf] cj:yf x'g]5 .

cBfjlws clen]vsf cfwf/df j[4j[4f, ckfËtf, Psn dlxnfx?n] /fHoaf6 kfpg] ;'ljwf k|fKt u/sf] x'g]5 .

x/]s uflj;df :yfkgf ul/g] Kof/flnun s]Gb| dfkm{t sfg"gL 59

ljj/0ffTds ;f/f+z



if{_ @)&@÷

)&#

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

pkrf/af6 jl~rtx?n] ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf] x'g]5 . ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?n] cBfjlws gful/s j8fkq cg';f/ ;]jf k|jfx

u/]sf] x'g]5 . k|ltkmn (M lhNnf ljsf;sf ;a} sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog ;"rgfd'ns, ;xeflutfd"ns x'g'sf] ;fy} uflj; txdf cfjflws of]hgf cg';f/ ljsf; sfo{qmdx? cufl8 a9]sf] x'g]5 .

cfjlws of]hgf @)&&÷)&* ;DddfM lhNnf kfZj{lrq lgoldt cBfjlws ePsf] x'g]5 . lhNnf, gu/ tyf ufpF k|f]kmfOnx? cBfjlws eO{ To;}sf]

cfwf/df lhNnf tyf ufpF of]hgfx? ag]sf] x'g]5 . txut ?kdf 5gf}6 tyf l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf of]hgfx?n] klxnf] k|

fyfldstf kfPsf x'g]5g\ . gu/kflnsfsf] cfjlws of]hgf lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 . ;j} gu/kflnsfx?sf] MTMP/ comprehensive plan lgdf{0f ePsf]

x'g]5M

60

v_ ;+:yfut ljsf; If]qsf sfo{lgltx?• :yfgLo zf;gsf ;fem]bf/x? :yfgLo lgsfo, ;]jf k|bfos, gful/s ;dfhsf ;

+:yf tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/L ljsf; Joj:yfkg, lg0f{o k|lqmof tyf ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

• ;fj{hlgs ;]jf / j:t'sf] pTkfbg / ljt/0fdf ;+nUg lghL tyf gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yfx?sf] lgodg, cg'udg / Ifdtf ljsf;;DaGwL gLltsf] th{'df tyf cfjZos ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .

• ;+u7g ljsf; /0fgLltnfO{ Ifdtf ljsf; of]hgfdf ;dfof]hg u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

• ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf] sfo{of]hgf th'{df tyf cBfjlws u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

• lhlj;sf] ;]jf k|jfx, sfo{;Dkfbg / sfd sfjf{xLnfO{ r':t / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;+u7g ljsf; cWoog ul/g]5 / k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;+u7g k'g;{+/rgf, dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; tyf ;+u7g ;'wf/ of]hgf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .

• sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg k|0ffnLnfO{ dfkgLo ;"rssf cfwf/df ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ d"NofÍgsf pko'Qm ;"rsx?sf] klxrfg u/L d"NofÍg kl/0ffdnfO{ k"jf{g'dfgof]Uo agfOg]5 .

• lhlj;df NGO/CBO 8]:s :yfkgf u/L lqmofzLn agfOg]5 tyf lgoldt?kdf u};; tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf sfo{x?sf] ;dLIff ul/g]5 .

• uflj;sf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf / sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ljj/0f tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . ljB't\ ;]jf pknAw uflj;x?df n]vf;DaGwL ;ˆ6j]o/ :yfkgf, ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ o;;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg u/L uflj;x?sf] n]vf Joj:yfkgnfO{ cfw'lgs e/kbf{] agfOg]5 .

• ljQLo hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu kf/blz{tf tyf ;'zf;g;DaGwL Joj:yfx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljz]if ;|f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfng ul/g]5 .

• ;+:yfut ljsf;, Ifdtf ljsf; / :yfgLo ;'zf;g of]hgfsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t, ;fwg / nufgL tyf ;|f]t ljlgof]hgdf 8fnf] k|0ffnL ckgfOg]5 .

• :yfgLo ;'zf;g clea[l4 tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] u'0f:tl/otf tyf k|efjsfl/tsf nflu Ifltk"lt{ ;lxtsf] gful/s j8fkqsf] Joj:yf / kfngf cg'udg, ;fj{hlgs k/LIf0f, ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, ;fdflhs k/LIf0f, :yfgLo lgsfosf] vr{ k'g/fjnf]sg, ;]jf k|jfxsf] kfngf cg'udg, :yfgLo zf;g tyf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf gful/sx?sf] ;+nUgtf ;j]{If0f, gful/s cg'udg nufot pknAw tyf k|rlnt ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf clea[l4 sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . o:tf sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng tyf ;xhLs/0fdf gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yf Pj+ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx?nfO{ kl/rfng ul/g]5 .

• :yfgLo lgsfo tyf cGo ;/sf/L sfof{nox? / u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?df ;]jfu|fxLx? tyf hgu'gf;f]sf] clen]v /flvg]5 / u'gf;f] ;''g'jfO{ ;+oGqnfO{ Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

58

• lhNnf:t/Lo ;]jfx? ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t eO{ l56f] 5l/tf] 9+un] k|jfx ul/g]5 . sfof{no;DaGwL ljleGg ;d;fdlos ;"rgfx? ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] j]a;fO6df /fvL lgoldt cBfjlws/0f ul/g]5 . ;fy}, uflj; tyf ;]jfs]Gb|:t/sf] ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;d]t qmdzM ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t agfpFb} nlug]5 .

• lhlj; j]j;fO6sf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ u/L lhNnf:t/sf] j]jxj -Web Hub_ sf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L lgoldt cBfjlws ul/g]5 .

• ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t :yfgLo of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ :yfgLo lgsfosf] g]t[Tjdf x'g] ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf k4ltdf ;a} ljsf; ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox? ;xefuL x'g] Joj:yf ldnfO{g]5 .

• lhNnfaf6 ;~rfng ul/g] ljsf; sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfx?sf] lj:t[t jflif{s sfof{Gjog tfnLsf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . o;sf] cg'udgsf] lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] bkmf @!) cg';f/ u7g x'g] cg'udg ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] x'g]5 .

• ;/sf/L–lghL, ;/sf/L–u}/;/sf/L–;d'bfo, lghL–;d'bfo ;fem]bf/L gLlt tyf sfo{ljlw th'{df u/L ;f] adf]lhd cfof]hgf tyf ;]jf ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

• ;fdflhs kl/rfngnfO{ ;]jf k|jfx k|lqmofsf] dfu kIf, gful/s ljz]if u/L nlIft ju{sf] ;+nUgtf, Ifdtf ljsf; / :yfgLo ;'zf;gsf] k|d'v /0fgLlt tyf dfWodsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/g]5 .

• dlxnf, blnt, ckfË tyf hghfltsf] lhNnf:t/sf] ;dGjo ;ldltsf] e"ldsf clej[l4 u/L clwsf/ ;DkGg agfOg]5 . lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df tyf k|ltkmn cg'udgdf oL ;ldltx?sf] ;+nUgtf ;'lglZrt tyf k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 .

• uflj; tyf ;d'bfo:t/df afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{qmd th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .

• ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmdnfO{ cem ;/n tyf k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 tyf t]>f] kIf nufot gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yfx? kl/rfng u/L sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ul/g]5 .

59

v08 kfFrah]6 Joj:yf

%=! cfosf] cj:yf / nrstf

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf @)&#÷)&$ b]lv @)&&÷)&* ;Ddsf] cg'dflgt nufgL / ;f]xL ;dodf pk/f]Qm ljifox? tyf cGo If]qdf lhNnf x'g ;Sg] nufgL tyf vr{ ;DjlGw jh]6sf] k|If]k0f ubf{ cfufdL % jif{df lhNnfdf k|fKt x'g ;Sg] !#cj{ ^$ s/f]8 !& nfv !@ xhf/ ?k}+of /x]sf] 5 . To:t} Joo tk{m !^cj{ (( s/f]8 %$ nfv !@ xhf/ k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L of]hgf cjlwdf gk"u x'g] /sd ? # cj{ #% s/f]8 #& nfv x'g cfp+5 . k|If]kLt /sddf s]xL ;/sf/L sfof{nox?, u};; / bft[ lgsfox?sf] jh]6 cBfkL ;+nUg ug{ ljljw sf/0fx? h:t} lhNnf kl/ifbdf sfo{qmd tyf jh]6 k]z gug'{, cflhljof] th'{dfsf l;nl;nfdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dfk{mt sfo{qmd tyf jh]6 dfu ubf{ j]jf:tf ug'{n] ;+ej x'g ;s]g . o;sf cnfjf u};;x?sf sfo{qmdx? / l8lehg sfof{nox?sf sfo{qmdx? lhNnfsf] ;ldIff l/kf]{6df ;d]t pNn]v gePsf] kfO{of] . tyfkL, pQm jh]6 ;DjlGwt ;+:yfx?sf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmx?df eg] lgoldt vr{ tyf nufgL eO{/x]sf]n] ef}lts nIo eg] xfl;n ePsf] kfO{G5 .

%=@ Joo cg'dfgsf cfwf/

cfufdL cflhljof]sf] nflu nufgL cg'dfg ubf{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf ;+rfng ul/Psf] cflhljof] th'{df sfo{zfnfdf /fgg}lts bnsf g]t[Tj, ;DalGwt laifout lgsfosf k|d'v, ;lDdlnt ;d'xn] klxnf] cflhljof]sf] ;dLIff kZrft cf cfkm\gf ljifout sfo{qmddf hgrfxgf cg'?k cfPsf / ul/Psf kljt{g, ljutsf jif{x?sf] xfosf] k|j[lQ / vr{ ug]{ Ifdtfsf cfwf/df ;d]t lgwf{/0f u/]sf sfo{qmdx? / cg'dfg u/]sf] vr{ /sdnfO{ g} d'Vo cfwf/ lnOPsf]5 . o;}u/L lhNnfsf :yfgLo lgsfon] of]hgf cjlw e/df kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] ;+efljt cfGtl/s /fh:j, g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ;Defljt ;zt{ / lgMzt{ cg'bfg, laifout lgsfox?nfO{ sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug{ ;DalGwt dGqfnox?af6 k|fKt x'g] aflif{s ljlgof]hg, lhNnfdf ;Grflnt /fli6\o tyf cGt//fli6\o :t/sf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] kl/rfng ug]{ :jb]zL tyf j}b]lzs /sd, lhNnfsf ;xsf/Lx?, ljleGg k|ltlglwd"ns ;+3;+:yf tyf lghLIf]qn] kl/rfng u/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?df ul/g] nufgL cflb ;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbOPsf]5 .

h;cg';f/ cfufdL % jif{ cjlwdf lhNnf ljsf;sf ;d:t ultljlwx?nfO{ Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ug{ / ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ k|efjsf/L / ;od ;fk]If agfpg :yfgLo lgsfo, ljifotut sfof{no, c÷u};;, ljsf; ;fem]bf/, lghL If]q tyf ;d'bfo ;d]tsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf hDdf ?= !^cj{ (( s/f]8 %$ nfv !@ xhf/ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . h;dWo] cfly{s ljsf;df !&=@!k|ltzt, ;fdflhs ljsf;df $(=$* k|ltzt, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df @^=&$ k|ltzt Pj+ jg, jftfj/0f, hnfwf/ nufot k|sf]k Joj:yfkgdf #=^^ k|ltzt / ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gdf @=() k|ltzt ah]6

60

kl/rfngsf] nflu k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt >f]t dWo] ?= # cj{ #% s/f]8 #& nfv -!(=&# k|ltzt_ ah]6 ck'u x'g cfp+5 .cflhljof] @)&#÷)&$ —@)&&÷)&*sf nfuL k|If]kLt jh]6sf] ;f/fz+ -

jh]6 ?= ))) df_

ljifout If]q

@)&@÷)&#cfwf/ jif{

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&

^@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&* hDdf

k|ltzt

cfly{s ljsf; 318675

339016 395779 712148 553719 924767 2925432 17.21;fdflhs ljsf; 1209191

1286373 1423159 1655493 1877927 2123757 8409851 49.48ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;

1044989 1111690 1426731 1848986 2405028 3148307 454445126.74

jg jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkg

141874 150930 118715 125895 113975 113000 622515

3.66;+:yfut ljsf; 110088 117115 124507 119757 113052 18732 493163

2.90

hDdf 2824817 3005124 3488891 4462279506370

1 63285631699541

2 100

cflhljof]@)&#÷)&$ —@)&&÷)&* sfnfuL lhNnfdf k|fKt x'g ;Sg] jh]6sf] ;|f]t -jh]6 ?= ))) df_

ljifout If]q

@)&@÷)&

#-

cfwf/ jif{_

@)&#÷)&$

@)&$÷)&%

@)&%÷)&^

@)&^÷)&&

@)&&÷)&*

hDdf jh]6

k|ltzt

cfly{s ljsf; ;ldlt 298639

314357 396090 499073 628832 792329 2630681 19.28

;fdflhs ljsf; ;ldlt 603786

635564 819878 1033046 1301638 1640063 5430188 39.81

k"jf{wf/ ;/rgf ljsf; ;ldlt 506751

533422 688114 867024 1092450 1376487 4557498 33.41

jg jftfj/0f ljsf; ;ldlt 94782

99771 128705 162168 204331 257458 852432 6.25

;+:yfut ljsf; 19004

20004 25805 32515 40968 51620 170912 1.25

s'n hDdf

1522962

1603118 2058592 2593825 326822

0 4117957 13641712

100.00

61

%=# gk'u >f]t tyf ah]6 kl/rfng /0fgLlt

bf]>f] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cf=j= @)&#÷)&$ b]lv @)&&÷)&*_ sf] nflu k|:tfljt ah]6 tyf ah]6 kl/rfng ug{ cfGtl/s >f]t klxrfg / kl/rfng ;d]t b]xfoadf]lhdsf /0fgLlt canDag ul/g]5 .

s= cfGtl/s >f]t / ;fwg klxrfg tyf kl/rfng • cfGtl/s >f]t -/fh:j, s/, ;]jf tyf z'Ns_ sf If]q klxrfg ul/rfng ug{] .• lhNnfsf] ;Defljt s/, /fh:j / z'Nssf >f]tx¿nfO{ s/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] . • cfjZostf cg';f/ /fh:j ;+sng s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{ tyf ;fem]bf/Ldf /fh:j ;

+sng ug]{ .• ljifout sfof{nox¿ -h:t} lh=j=sf=, lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{no, lhNnf s[lif

ljsf; sfof{no_ / cGo Joj;flos lgsfox;+u /fh:j ;DjGwL ;dembf/L kqdf x:tfIf/ u/L >f]t kl/rfngdf ;fem]bf/L ug]{ .

• 9'Ëf, lu6L, afn'jf pknJw x'g] If]q;Dd k'Ug] lnÍ af6f] lgdf{0f u/L yk /fh:j ;Íng ug{ ;lsg] .

• lhlj;n] /fh:j clea[l4 ug]{ ;DaGwdf bL3{sfnLg tyf cNksfnLg u/L b'O{{ lsl;dsf gLlt clVtof/ ug]{ .

• la:tf/ xF'b} u/]sf] gofF ahf/ s]Gb| (Growth Centres) sf] klxrfg u/L /fh:j kl/rfngsf] of]hgf th'{df ug{] .

• 3/ hUuf /lhi6«]zgaf6 k|fKt x'g] /fh:j afF8kmfF8sf] /sddf a[l4 ug{ dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 tf]lsg] Go"gtd d"Nof+sgnfO{ a9L Jojxfl/s agfpg] .

• lhlj; tyf uflj;af6 k|bfg ul/g] ljleGg lsl;dsf l;kmfl/;df lng] b:t'/sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L yk /fh:j k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] .

• :yfgLo ;]jf z'Ns gLlt tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{ .• :yfgLo ;]jf, z'Ns tyf /fh:j ;+sng tyf kl/rfngnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg

cg'udg / d"Nof+sgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .

v= cGo >f]t kl/rfng tyf Joj:yfkg • ;+efJotfsf cfwf/df lb3{sfnLg cfof]hgfx¿ ;+rfngdf nufgL ug{ k|

fyldstf lbg] .• ljsf; ;fem]bf/, u};; tyf gLlh If]q;Fu ;fem]bf/L a[l4 ug]{ .• s]Gb| tyf ljifout dGqfno;Fu yk >f]tsf] nflu cg'/f]w ug]{ .• :yfgLo >d, >f]t / ;fwg kl/rfng tyf hg;xeflutf a[l4 ug]{ .• ;]jf k|jfxdf lghL If]q, u};; kl/rfng tyf ;fem]bf/Ldf hf]8 lbg] .• lhlj;, uflj; / lghLIf]q aLr ;+o'Qm nufgLsf If]qsf] vf]hL ug]{ .• ljifout If]q of]hgfsf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfo -lhlj; / uflj;_ sf] nufgL a[l4

ug]{ .• Plss[t If]q ljsf; sf]if ;+rfng ug]{ .

62

• efiff, ;+:s[lt tyf ko{6g k|j4{g tyf ljsf;sf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfosf] nufgL a[l4 ug]{ .

• ko{6g ljsf;sf] nflu g]kfn ko{6gaf]8{, ;DalGwt dGqfnox?, l5d]sL lhlj;x?;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ .

• afl0fHo If]qsf] ljsf; tyf ko{6g If]qsf] k|j4{gsf] nflu lghL If]qsf] nufgL a[l4 ug]{ .

• :jf:Yo If]q ljsf;sf] nflu ;fd'bflos tyf lghL If]qsf] nufgL a[l4 ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

• k|fljlws hgzlQm pTkfbgsf gLlh tyf s]lGb|o nufgL a[l4 ug{ kxkn ug]{ .

• v]ns"b ljsf; / k|j4{gdf lghL If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .• o'jfx?sf] Ifdtfa[l4 tyf :j/f]huf/ k|j4{gsf] nflu

ljsf; ;fem]bf/;Fu ;fem]bf/L ug]{ .• jg k}bfj/df cfwfl/t pBf]u Joj;fo ;+rfngdf lghL If]qnfO{ cfsif{0f tyf

k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .• u};; tyf ;fd'bfoddf cfwfl/t ;++:yfx?;Fu ;fem]bf/L / ;xof]u kl/rfng

ug]{ .• :yfgLo >f]t, ;fwg tyf hg;xeflutf a[l4 ug]{ .• ;]jf k|jfxdf gLlh If]qsf] kl/rfng tyf ;fem]bf/Ldf hf]8 lbg] .

63

v08 M 5cg'udg tyf d"Nof°g

^=! cg'udg tyf d"Nof°g k4lt

ljsf; sfo{qmdx?df cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg sdhf]/ ePsf] /fli6«o ?kd} :jLsf/ ePsf] ;Gbe{df df]/ª lhNnfsf] bf]>f] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] k|ltkmndf cfwfl/t cg'udg tyf ;xeflutfd"ns n]vfhf]vf k4lt cjnDag u/L k|ltkmn dfkg tyf of]hgf k|efjsfl/tfsf] d"NofÍg ul/g]5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] cg'udgnfO{ lgoldt sfo{qmdsf ?kdf :yflkt u/L :yfgLo:t/b]lv /fli6«o:t/;Ddsf ljleGg txsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / t];|f] kIf;d]tsf] ;xeflutf ul/g]5 .

^=@ cg'udg d"Nof°g ;+/rgf

cfjlws of]hgfsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg k|of]hgsf nflu ljBdfg sfg'gL Joj:yf tyf k|rngsf cfwf/df b]xfosf ;+/rgf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .

^=@=! ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg ;ldlt:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @!) df Joj:yf ePcg'?k

u7g x'g] ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf cg'udg ;ldltnfO{ ;lqmo t'NofO{ lhlj; nufot cGo ljifout sfof{nox?n] of]hgf jf sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ cg'dfg ul/Psf ;|f]t ;fwgx?sf] kl/rfng nIo cg'?k eP gePsf], cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog tfnLsf cg';f/ eP gePsf] olsg u/L cfof]hgfx?nfO{ ck]lIft ult / lbzf k|bfg ug{ o; ;ldltnfO{ ;lqmo t'NofOg] 5 .

^=@=@ ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg pk;ldlt:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @!) df Joj:yf ePcg'?k

u7g x'g] ;'k/LjI]f0f tyf cg'udg ;ldlt ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k|bfg ug{ tyf cfjZos k|ltj]bg lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] bkmf @)@ df Joj:yf ePcg'?k u7g x'g] ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf cg'udg pk;ldltnfO{ ;lqmo t'NofOg]5 . o; pk;ldltn] lhNnfdf ;~rflnt cf÷of]hgfx?sf] lgoldt cg'udg tfnLsf th'{df / sfof{Gjog u/L tYof+s Joj:yfkg, lgoldt cBfjlws tyf k|zf]wg ug{] Joj:yf u/L lhNnfsf] k|ult slt cufl8 a9\of] eGg] ljZn]if0f ug{] cfwf/ tof/ tyf k|:t't ug{]5 . pk;ldltaf6 x'g] cg'udgnfO{ a9L ;xeflutfd"ns agfpg cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f lqmofsnfkx?df lhNnfsf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;d]t cfdGq0f ul/g]5 .

^=@=# ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;ldltcfjlws of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] k|ltkmn cg'udgsf nflu lhlj; dftxt

/xg] u/L ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx? /x]sf] ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 . pQm ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;ldltdf :yfgLo lgsfo >f]t kl/rfng tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)^( df pNn]v ePsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf cltl/Qm cflbjf;L, hghftL dlxnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, blnt ju{ pTyfg ;ldlt, u};; dxf;+3 lhNnf zfvfsf k|ltlglw, pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3 tyf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 lhNnf zfvfsf k|ltlglw ;d]tsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . lhlj;af6 x'g] cg'udgsf] ;dGjo ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L of]hgf tyf cg'udg zfvfsf]

64

x'g]5 . of]hgf tyf cg'udg zfvf;Fu k|ToIf ;dGjodf /x]/ cGo ljifout lgsfox?n] ;DalGwt ljifo If]qsf] cg'udgsf] sfo{ ug]{5g\ . of]hgf tyf cg'udg zfvfnfO{ ef}lQs Pj+ dfgjLo >f]t ;fwgn] ;DkGg agfOg]5 . To; cltl/Qm cg'udg ug]{ sfof{no, JolQmsf] cfrf/;+lxtf lgdf{0f tyf cg'udg sfo{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ Ifdtf ljsf;sf] Joj:yf lhlj;n] ldnfpg]5 .

^=@=$ ljifout ;ldlt:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g cg';f/ u7g x'g] ljifout ;ldltx?n] cfˆgf]

ljifoIf]qcGtu{t :yfgLo lgsfo, ljifout sfof{no tyf c÷u};;x?af6 lhNnfdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmdsf] :ynut e|d0f, cjnf]sg, k|ltj]bg cWoognufotsf ljleGg ljlwx?af6 cfjZostfcg';f/ lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg ug{]5g\ .

65

^=@=% ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf kl/of]hgfsfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{] lgsfo jf ;+:yfn] x/]s sfo{qmd,

lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug{] ljleGg r/0fdf :ynut e|d0f, cjnf]sg, cGtjftf{sf dfWodaf6 lgoldt cg'udg ug{]5g\ .

^=#cg'udg k|lqmof

k|ltkmndf cfwfl/t k|:tfljt cg'udg vfFsf cg';f/cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] ljifout ?kdf k6s] tyf lgoldt cg'udg, aflif{s ;dLIff, dWofjwL tyf clGtd d"NofÍg ul/g]5 . bf]>f] cfjlws of]hgfsf] cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg k|lqmdf b]xfo cg';f/ k|:tfj ul/Psf]5 .

^=#=! k6s] tyf lgoldt cg'udgk|ltkmndf cfwfl/t k|:tfljt cg'udg 9fFrf cg';f/ ljifout aflif{s

sfo{qmd tyf ah]6sf] ;DalGwt lgsfo, ljifout ;ldlt, ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf cg'udg ;ldlt tyf pk;ldlt / ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;ldltn] k6s] tyf lgoldt cg'udg ug]{5g\ .

^=#=@ gful/s cg'udgcfjlws of]hgfdf cfwfl/t eO{ aflif{s of]hgf tyf ah]6 th'{df eP

gePsf], l:js[t of]hgf tyf ah]6 / sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng, ;]jf k|jfx eP gePsf], of]hgfdf tf]lsPsf] ljlw tyf k|lqmof k'/f eP gePsf], cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdaf6 k|ltkmn tyf pknAwL xfl;n eP gePsf] jf/]df gful/s tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfn] cg'udg ug{ ;Sg]5g . o; k|sf/sf] cg'udg sfo{nfO{ gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yfn] cfjZos ;xlhs/0f ug]{ tyf ;DalGwt ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox?n] ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg], cg'udgdf k|fljlws ;xof]u ug]{ sfo{ ug]{5g\ .

^=#=@ k|ltkmndf cfwfl/t cg'udg 9fFrf cg';f/ jflif{s ;dLIffcg'udg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldlt / ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;ldlt;Fu ;dGjo u/L

lhlj;, ljifout ;ldltx?åf/f ;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmof adf]lhdk|ltkmndf cfwfl/t k|:tfljt cg'udg 9fFrf cg'udg of]hgf th'{df u/L jf ;f]xL 9fFrf cg';f/ cfjlws lhNnfljsf; of]hgfsf] ljifout ?kdf ;dLIff u/L of]hgfsf] k|ltkmn tyf sfo{;Dkfbgsf] dfkg ul/g]5 . o; k|sf/sf] cg'udgdf ;xeflutfd"ns cg'udg k|lqmof tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;+nUgtf /xg]5 . o;sf ;fy} t]>f] kIf jf ljifolj1n] o; k|lqmofdf ;xlhs/0f ug{ ;Sg]5g .

^=#=# dWofjlw d"Nof°gcfjlws of]hgfdf lgwf{l/t nIo, p2]Zo, ;"rs / gLltx?sf cfwf/df cf=j

@)&%÷&^ df o;sf] dWofjlw d"Nof+sg x'g]5 . dWofjlw d"NofÍg k|ltkmndf cfwfl/t k|:tfljt cg'udg 9fFrf cg';f/ aflif{s ;dLIff k|ltj]bg tyf ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df ;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmofaf6 ul/g]5 . d"NofÍgdf lhlj;, ljifout tyf ;+o'Qm cg'udg / cg'udg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldltsf] k|d'v e"ldsf x'g]5 . d"NofÍsf] ;xlhs/0f of]hgf th'{df tyf cg'udgdf ;DaGwL bvn ePsf / cg'ejL k]zfljb\sf] ;d"x ;+nUg x'g]5 . dWofjlw d"NofÍg 6f]nLdf /xg] cGo ;b:ox? / o;sf] sfo{ljlw lhlj;sf] lhNnf kl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f ug{]5 .

^=#=$ clGtd d"Nof°g

66

bf]>f] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] ;dofjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 of]hgfsf] ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo tyf ljifout pknAwLx? xfl;n eP÷gePsf] k|ltkmndf cfwfl/t k|:tfljt cg'udg 9fFrf cg';f/ dfkg tyf n]vfhf]vf ul/g]5 . of]hgf th'{df, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgdf bvn ePsf t]>f] kIfsf cg'ejL k]zfljb÷x?sf] ;+nUgtf / ;xlhs/0fdf clGtd d"NofÍg ul/g]5 . clGtd d"NofÍg 6f]nLdf /xg] k]zfljb\ tyf cGo ;b:ox? / o;sf] sfo{ljlw lhlj;sf] l;kmfl/;df lhNnf kl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f ug{]5 . o; k|sf/ ul/Psf] clGtd d"NofÍgsf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 . of] k|ltj]bg t]>f] cflhljof]sf] nflu cfwf/sf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/g]5 .

^=#=% k|ltkmndf cfwfl/t cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg sfof{Gjog cjwf/0ff

ljBdfg ;Gbe{df cg'udg k4ltsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu d"ntM cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;+oGqx?nfO{ ;lqmo t'Nofpg] tyf pk/f]Qm ;+oGqx?nfO{ sfd ug{ pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] tof/L ug'{ cfjZos x'g cfpF5 . Jojl:yt, e/kbf{] tyf cBfjlws tYofÍ / o;sf] ljZn]if0fn] dfq of]hgfdf tf]lsPsf p2]Zo xfl;n ug{]tkm{ pGd'v eP÷gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] o; cfjlws of]hgf cGtu{t ljBdfg ;+/rgfx?nfO{ ;lqmo t'Nofpg] tyf of]hgf sfof{Gjog nIocg'?k Pj+ sfof{Gjog of]hgf cg';f/ eP gePsf] Pj+ of]hgfsf] lglb{i6 nIo xfl;n eP gePsf] dfkg ul/g]5 .

o;sf nflu :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf tT;DaGwL lgodfjnLn] Joj:yf u/] cg'?ksf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg ;ldlt tyf pk;ldltnfO{ ;lqmo agfpg cfjZos Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;fy}, x/]s ljifout of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt tYofÍsf] lgoldt ;+sng, cBfjlws tyf ljZn]if0f u/L k|:tfljt cfof]hgfx?af6 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfn] lglb{i6 u/]sf nIo, p2]Zo xfl;n ug{] lbzfdf s] s:tf] k|ult eO/x]sf] xf] lgrf]8df k'lug]5 . k|fKt lgrf]8sf] cfwf/df lhDd]jf/ lgsfonfO{ ;r]t jf k|f]T;flxt ug{] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

o;sf ;fy} ljifout ;ldlt, ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf sfof{Gjog lgsfon] ;d]t k6s], rf}dfl;s / jflif{s ?kdf cg'udg ug]{5 eg] cflhljof]sf] dBfjlw / cGtdf t];|f] kIfLo cg'udgsf] Joj:yf x'g]5 . ;fy}, o; cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf ;"rsx?df cfwfl/t /xL lhNnfsf ;a} ljifout sfof{nosf] jflif{s of]hgf ;dLIff ug{] k4ltsf] kfngf ul/g]5 . dBfjwL / clGtd d"Nof+sg cflhljof] s'g lbzfdf uO/x]sf]5 / ;lx lbzf lbg s] ug{ cfjZos 5 eGg] ;'emfj lbg]5 .

^=$ k|ltkmnd"ns cg'udg vfsf

ljifout If]qcg';f/sf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ;DalGwt sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo tyf ljifout ;ldlt, ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;ldltn] k6s] / cfjlws -rf}dfl;s, cw{jflif{s / aflif{s_ cg'udg u/L lhlj;df k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ 5g\ . ;xeflutfd"ns ?kdf jflif{s ;dLIff sfo{qmd / t]>f] kIfåf/f ;d]t sfo{qmdsf] u'0f:t/Lotf, nfut k|efjsfl/tf / k|ltkmnsf] dfkg ul/g]5 . of]hgfsf] t]>f] kIfåf/f dWofjlw tyf clGtd d'NofÍg u/L k|ltkmn ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 . ljifout If]qsf] sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lhNnfl:yt ljifout ;ldltsf] x'g]5 . ;fy} lhNnf of]hgf, cg'udg tyf ljZn]if0f k|0ffnL ;+rfng lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt cg'udgsf ;"rs / cg'udg of]hgf ;d]t pkof]u ul/g]5 . ljifout If]q cg';f/sf] lj:t[t cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg of]hgfsf] vfFsf b]xfo cg';f/ 5 .

67

tfnLsf ^=!M jflif{s cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg of]hgfsf] vfFsf

ljifout If]q

pkIf]q sfo{qmd

x?sf] gfd

sfo{qmd

sfof{Gjog If]q

jh]6

cg''udg ug]{ lgsf

o

cg'udg ljlw

k|ltj]bg k]z x'g]

lgsfo

k|ltj]bg sfof{G

jug ug]

{ lgsfo

tfnLsf ^=@M ljifout If]q cg';f/sf] clGtd glthfd'lv cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg of]hgfsf] vfFsf

kl/0ffd ;"rsx? cfwf/

jif{

nlIft jif{

k"i6\fO{sf cfwf/x?

hf]lvd tyf dfGotfx

?

c;/ tyf k|efjx? -nlIft hg;+Vofn] k|fKt u/]sf] kmfO{bf_

kmfO{bfnfO{ dfkg ug]{ ;"rsx?

@)&#÷@)&$

@)&&÷)&*

pknlJw -;+rflnt sfo{qmdjf6 k|fKt ePsf] dfkg of]Uo pknlJwx?_

pknlJwx?nfO{ dfkg ug]{ ;"rsx?

@)&#÷@)&$

@)&&÷)&*

k|ltkmn – sfo{qmd ;

ultljlw dfkg

@)&#

@)&

68

+rfng eP kZrft sfo{qmdx?sf] k|ToIf k|ltkmn_

ug]{ ;"rsx?

÷@)&$

&÷)&*

ultljlw -;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?_

ultljlw dfkg ug]{ ;"rsx?

@)&#÷@)&$

@)&&÷)&*

69

cg';"rL !M ;d:of tyf ;+efjgf ljZn]if0f

-s_ cfly{s ljsf; ;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLkz' ljsf; b'w jhfl/s/0f tyf jhf/sf] ;d:of

bUw k|zf]wgsf cefj

Joj;flos kmd{x?sf] ltj| j[l4

pGgthftsf] ufO{ tyf e}l;sf] j[l4

b'wsf] ljljlws/0f tyf k|zf]wg s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf

nfutnfO{ Vofn u/L pTkfbg d'No sfod

cfGtl/s tyf afXo lgsf;Ldf hf]8

pTkflbt b'w ;/n?kdf ljlqm ljt/0f eO{ ls;fgn] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn kfpg] lyof]

j+u'/sf] ljlqmdf ptf/r9fj

l5d]ls b]zsf] dfFudf cl:y/tf

Joj;flos kmd{x?sf] ltj| j[l4

df;' k|;f]wg s]Gb|sf] :ufkgf aflx/L lgsf;Lsf] ;'lglZrttf

ahf/sf] ;'lglZrlttfn] ls;fg nfeflGjt x'g] lyof]

Liquid nitrogen sf] ;d:of

dfFu cg';f/ ;/sf/L >f]tjf6 pknJw x'g g;Sg'

;/sf/L b/efpdf jflxl/ jhf/jf6 pknJw x'g g;Sg'

aflx/L ahf/af6 k|ltlZkwf{sf] cfwf/df vl/b ug]{ Joj:yf jf dfu cg';f/ ;/sf/L If]qaf6 pknAw u/fpg] Ifdtfsf] a[l4 ug'{kg]{

;/n ;'ne ?kdf gZn ;'wf/ x'g] lyof]

Jojl:yt jwzfnfsf] sdL

hgr]tgfsf] sdL :yfgLo lgsfo, gu/

kflnsf h:tf lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf] Wofg uDeL/ ?kn] gkg'{

P]g sfof{Gjogdf :yfgLo lgsfo lhDd]jf/ x'g'

pkef]Qmfn] ;/n ;'ne :jR5 df;'sf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg] lyof]

bIf hgzlQmsf] sdL

;do;fk]If gof k|ljlwsf] x:tfGt/0fdf sdL

;do ;fk]If k|ljlwsf] x:tfGt/0f

hgzlQm ck8]8 eO{ ;dofg's'n ;]jf x'g] lyof]

>f]tsf] ckof{Kttf

rflxPsf] la|8,k\ljlw,cfxf/fsf] >f]tdf cfTd lge{/ x'g g;s]sf]

>f]t s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgfdf ljz]if hf]8ah]6sf] k|fyldstf cg';f/sf] kof{Ktf

sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ;xh x'gfn] hgtf tyf ;]jf u|fxL a9L nfuflGjt x'g] lyof]

ef}lts k'jf{wf/sf] sld

k'Flhut ah]6 sd x'g'

k'Flhut ah]6 a9fpg' kg]{

ef}lts k'jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; eO{ ;]jf k|bfo / ;]jf u|fxLx?sf] dgf]an a9\g] lyof]

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] jf/]df

;]6nfO6 k|ljlwsf] ljsf; x'g g;Sg' tyf

s[lifdf ;]6nfO6 k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug'{ kg]

hnafo' kl/jt{gn] kz' k+5L

66

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLs[ifsx? cglj1 df};d ljwx?4f/f

k'jf{g'dfg ug{ g;Sg'

{ pTkfbgdf k'of{O/x]sf] Iflt Go'lgs/0f x'g] lyof]

3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;'rgfsf] sdL ;'rgfx?sf] Jofks k|

rf/ k|;f/ gx'g';'rgfsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ /fli6o :t/ ;Dd x'g]kg]{

Joj;flos ;f]rdf a[l4 /f]huf/Ldf a[l4

Jo;flos/0f ;f]r cefj

1fg l;k wf/0ffsf] sld ePsf]n] cfly{s l:ylt sdhf]/

tflnd uf]li7 k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f u/L ;/n C0f k|jfx cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf

cfly{s :t/df ;'wf/

k'FhLsf] cefj cfly{s l:ylt sdhf]/ ;/n C0f k|jfx cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf

cfly{s :t/df ;'wf/

k|ljlw / bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj

k/lge{/tf :jb]zdf bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj / k|ljlwsf] klxrfg

pTkfbgdf a[l4

;Lk kl/If0fsf] cefj

hfgsf/L gx'g' ;Lk kl/If0fsf] dxTj a'emfpg' kg]{

l;k o'Qm bIf hgzlQmsf] ljsf;

cf}wf]lus lglt sfof{Gjogdf ;d:of

cf}Bf]lus lglt sfof{Gjosf nflu P]g kf; gePsf]

oyflz3| P]g kfl/t x'g'kg]{

pBdLsf] a[l4 cfly{s ljsf; cy{tGqdf 6]jf ul/jL Go"lgs/0f

u'0f:t/Lo sRrf kbfy{sf] sdL

sRrf kbfy{sf] :yfgLo :t/df lghL tyf ;/sf/L If]qjf6 /fd|f] ;+/If0f x'g g;Sg'

;/sf/L lglt tyf lgodsf] cefj

;/sf/L ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{gsf nflu nufgLsf] cefj

:yfgLo :t/df sRrf kbfy{sf] pTkfbgsf nflu lghL If]qx?nfO{ nufgLsf] k|f]T;fxg ug]{

;xh ;/sf/L lglt tyf lgodsf] lgdf{0f ug]{

;/sf/n] nufgL ug]{ jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug]{

k|ofKt dfqfdf :yfgLo :t/df u'0f:t/Lo sRrf kbfy{sf] pknJwtf

sRrf kbfy{sf] pRr d'No

sRrf kbfy{sf] :yfgLo :t/df lghL tyf ;/sf/L If]qjf6 /fd|f] ;+/If0f x'g g;Sg'

;/sf/L lglt tyf lgodsf] cefj

;/sf/L ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{gsf nflu nufgLsf] cefj

:yfgLo :t/df sRrf kbfy{sf] pTkfbgsf nflu lghL If]qx?nfO{ nufgLsf] k|f]T;fxg ug]{

;xh ;/sf/L lglt tyf lgodsf] lgdf{0f ug]{

;/sf/n] nufgL ug]{ jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug]{

sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbgsf nflu k|f]T;fxg / clwQmd pTkfbgjf6 d'Nodf sdL

jhf/Ls/0fsf] cefj u'0f:tLo j:t' u'0f:t/Lo j:t' n3' tyf ;fgf 67

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLpTkfgdf sdL

cfw'lgs pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] cefj

jhf/Ls/0f ;DjlGw 1fgsf] cefj

;/sf/Lsf] jhf/Ls/0f lgltsf] cefj

pTkfbgdf hf]8 jhf/Ls/0f ;/sf/L lglt

tyf lgodsf] lgdf{0f ug]{

gofF k|ljlwsf] cflj:sf/ tyf lgdf0f{

gofF k|ljlwdf ;/sf/sf] nufgL tyf ;xof]u

pBdLsf] jhf/df kx'r

cfw;lgs pko'Qm k|ljlwdf kx'rdf sdL

cfw'lgs pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] cefj

k|ljlw cflj:sf/ tyf k}7f/Ldf sdL

gofF k|ljlwsf] lgdf{0f tyf vf]hdf ;/sf/sf] rf;f]sf] sdL

k|ljlwdf ;/sf/sf] cg'bfgdf sdL

cfw'lgs pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] cflj:sf/df lglh tyf ;/sf/L nufgL ug]{

gofF k|ljlwsf] vf]hdf nufgL ug]{

pBdLx?nfO{ k|ljlwdf cg'bfg k|bfg ug]{

pBLx?sf] k|ljlwsf] kx'rdf j[l4 eO{ u'0f:t/L j:t'sf] lgdf0f{ / cfodf j[l4

Ifdtfsf] clwQmd pkof]u x'g g;Sg'

dfgj ;+;fwgnfO{ plrt kfl/>lds lbg g;Sg'

u'0f:tl/o sRrf kbfy{ pknJw gx'g'

ljw'tsf] ck|ofKttf

kfl/>dsf] d'No ;lx r'Qmf ug'{

sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbgdf hf]8

ljw't pTkfbgdf ;/sf/sf] hf]8

Ifdtfsf] clwQmd pkof]u ug{ ;lsg]

n3' pBdLx?sf] ljlQo kx'rdf cefj

ljlQo ;+:yfx?sf] C0f k|lqmofdf hl6ntg

n3' pBdLsf] w/f}l6df ;d:of

ljlQo lglt tyf ;'rgfdf sd kxF'r

ljlQo ;+:yfx? jf/] 1fgsf] cefj

n3' pBdLx?nfO ljlQo kxF'r sf nflu ;xh ljlQo lglt lgdf0f{ ug]{

:yflgo ;/sf/n] ;dfGo w/f}l6sf nflu e'ldsf lgjf{x ug]{

;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ljlQo ;fIf/tf tyf 1fgsf] k|rf/ k|;f/sf nflu sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug]{

ljlQo kx'r eO{ clwQmd u'0f:tl/o j:t' pTkfbgdf hf]8

pBdlzntfsf] 1fgsf] cefj

pBd tyf Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{sf nflu ;f] ;DjlGw 1fg gx'g'

k/Dk/fut v]tLkfltdf clNem /fVVg'

pBdlzntfsf]

;j} ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ Joj;flos l;k tflnd cuf8L pBdlzntf tflnd ;+rfng ug{ clgjfo{

pBd tyf Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{sf nflu k'0f{ 1fg x'g]

68

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwL1fg ;DjlGw tflnd glbg'

ug]{

Joj;flos k|fljlws ;Lk ljsf; tflndsf] cefj

cfw'lgs ;Lk ljsf; tflndsf] cefj

k/Dk/fut tflnd tyf 1gfdf l;ldt x'g'

cfw'lgs tflnd tyf 1fg k|bfg ug{'

cfjZos cfw'lgs ;Lkdf kl/kSjtf

n3' pBd ;DjlGw 5'§} lglt tyf lood gx'g'

;/sf/n] n3' pBdnfO{ Pp6f d'Vo cfly{s pGgtLsf ?kdf glng'

n3' pBd nfO{ k}/jL u/L lglt lgod jgfpg g;Sg'

n3' pBdjf6 eP u/]sf k|utLnfO k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ g;Sg'

n3' pBd ;DjlJw lglt tyf lgod jgfpgsf nflu lglt tyf ;/sf/L If]qjf6 kxn ug]{

j}wflgs ?kdf n3' pBdsf lglt lgdf{0f

n3' pBdsf] btf{ gx'g'

n3' pBd eg]/ 5'§} btf{ gx'g'

btf{ ug]{ lglt gx'g'

n3' pBd btf{ ug{] lglt lgdf{0f ug]{

5'§} j}wflgs lglt jgfpg'

u/LaL tyf a]/f]huf/L / c;dfgtf sfod /xg'

/f]huf/Lsf nflu gofF ;f]rsf] ljsf; gug{'

k/fDk/fut sfo{z}lndf /xg'

1fg tyf Ifdtfsf] cefj

cf}Bf]lus tyf Joj;flos cj;/ / ;f]+rdf sdL x'g'

pBf]u, ko{6g tyf s[lif k]zfdf pbfl;gtf / nufgLdf sdL x'g'

pBd ljsf;sf nflu k"jf{wf/ tyf ;'ljwf k|of]u sdL

jf6]f 3f6f] ;xh gx'g'

j:t' e08f/Ls/0f ug]{ 7fpsf] cefj

kf/jxg lgltsf] Jojl:yt gx'g'

pBdLn] pTkfbg u/]sf] j:t' 9'jfgL x'g ;Sg] u/L k'jf{wf/sf] lgdf0f{ ug'{

;fdfg cf];f/ kf];f/df ;xh

bL3{sfnLg of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjogsf]

;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfn] of]hgf ljgf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ kfpg'

of]hgf jgfpg]

jfOPsf] pBd ljsf; of]hgfnfO{ lhNnfsf ;j} ;+3 ;+:yfn] kfmgf ug]{

ljgf pBd ljsf; of]hgf pBd ljsf;

cfjlws pBd ljsf; of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ug]{

69

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLsld kl/rngsf] sdL sfo{qmd ;+rng

ug{ glbg'pBd ljsf;sf ;/f]sf/jfnf / ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtf tyf ;dGjodf sld

;j} ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?n] cfkmg} lsl;dsf] kl/of]gfsf 9frf / sfof{Gjog ug]{

pBd ljsf;sf nflu Ps 4f/ lglt gx'g'

;j} sfo{qmdsf] 9frf s]Gb|jf6 lgdf{0f ul/g'

of]hgf tyf kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{ tNnf] txsf] cfjZoQmf / ;/f]sf/ jfnf ;+u ;dGjo u/]/ dfq sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ug]{

oyfy{df of]hgf jgfpg] / ;dGJosf/L e'ldsfnfO{ jl9 k|fyldQmf lbg]

;xeflutf, kf/blz{tf tyf pQ/bfloTjdf sdL x'g'

JolQmut :jfy{df sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{

sfdnfO{ hlxn] klg hful/sf] ?kdf lng'

h;n] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] p;nfO{ sfg'gtx lhDd]jf/L jgfpg]

s[lifcfw'lgs pks/0fsf] sdL

:jb]zdf g} pBf]ux? gx'g'

pks/0f lgdf{0fsf pBf]ux? :yfkgf

pTkfbgdf a[l4

pGgthftsf] ljpljhgsf] sdL

cg';Gwfg / l;kml/;sf] sld

cg';Gwfgdf hgzlQm / cfly{s >f]t a9fpg'

u'0f:tl/o pTkfbg / a[l4

s[ifsx?n] s[lif ;]jf k|fKt ug{df l9nfO{

s[lif ;]jf tyf k/fdz{ ;]jfdf sdL

k|of{Kt s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| x'g'kg]{ jf lj:tf/

s[ifsx?n] l56f] / u'0f:t/ ;]jf k|fKt ug]{

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] jf/]df s[ifsx? cglj1

;]6nfO6 k|ljlwsf] ljsf; x'g g;Sg' tyf df};d ljwx?4f/f k'jf{g'dfg ug{ g;Sg'

s[lifdf ;]6nfO6 k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug'{ kg]{

hnafo' kl/jt{gn] s[lif pTkfbgdf k'of{O/x]sf] Iflt Go'lgs/0f x'g] lyof]

tflnd tyf k|ljlwsf] sld

tflnd cWoog tyf cjnf]sg e|d0fdf sdL

gof k|ljlw tyf ;'rgf k|ljlw jf/] tflnd cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{

s[lifdf ?lr u'0f:tl/o pTkfbg cfly{s a[l4 tyf ul/lj Go"lgs/0f

ko{6gtfntn}of l;d;f/ ;+/If0fsf] cefj

klxrfgsf] sdL ;+/If0f / k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{

s[lif l;+rfO{ af6 ls;fg nfeflGjt x'g]ko{6ssf] a[l4n] cfly{s ;dflhs ?kdf

dlGb/, dl:hb, rr{ lh0f{

k'g{lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;+xf/sf] sdL

nufgL a9fpg] wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf

k'jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] ah]6 >f]tsf] cefj of]hgf / ;fwg oftfoft sf] ;xhtf70

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLsdL >f]tsf] sfof{Gjog

ug]{:jfut åf/x?sf] sdL

of]hgfsf] sdL of]hgf agfpg] :yfgsf] klxrfg x'g]

xf]6n Joj;fosf] sdL

Joj;foL sdL k|f]T;fxg ug]{ ko{6snfO{ ;'ljwf

ko{6g hghfu/0fsf] sdL

ko{6g Joj;foLdf Pp6} ;femf ;f]rsf] sdL

ko{6gsf] d'4fnfO{ ;femf d'4f agfpg]

ko{6s Joj;fosf] a[l4

;/sf/L tyf lghL ko{6g jf]8{ jLr c;dembf/L

;dGjosf] sdL ;dGjo ug]{ ko{6g Joj;fog} dha't tyf /f]huf/Ldf a[l4

-v_ ;dflhs ljsf; lzIff;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLu'0f:t/Lo lzIff gx'g'

sfg'gsf] kfngf gug'{,/fhgLlts ;+/If0f,

k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{,ljBfnodf /fhgLlts/0f ug{ aGb]h nufpg],

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff

ljifout lzIfs gx'g',g}lts lzIffsf] cefj,k|fljlws lzIffdf k'jf{wf/sf] sdL

b/jlGb gx'g',ljifo ;dfj]z gug'{,jh]6 cefj,k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] sdL

bj{lGb l;h{gf ug"{kg]{,g}lts lzIffsf] cWoog ljifodf ;dfj]z ug]{,cfjZos jh]6 clVtof/L ug]{,k|fljlws hgzlQm pTkfbgdf nufgL j[l4 ug]{,

k|efjsf/L cg'udg d"Nof+sgsf] sld

klbo lhDd]jf/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf axg gug'{,

;|f]tsf] sdL,sfo{ jf]em

wfld{s-db/;f_ lzIff Jojl:yt gx'g'

tflndsf] sld,kf7\oqmd cJojl:yt x'g' Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;lqmo gx'g',

tflndsf] Joj:yf, ljifout kf7\ok':tssf] lgdf{0f

ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cefj

oy]i6 jh]6 gx'g' ah]6 a9fpg' kg]{

afnljsf; s]Gb| Jojl:yt gx'g',

cleefjsx? ;r]t gx'g', lh=l;=sf=jf6 k|efjsf/L cg'udg gx'g',afnljsf; s]Gb| sf] ;=sf=sf] tnj Gog x'g'

cleefjsnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg], lh=l;=sf=jf6 k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug'{kg]{, afnljsf; s]Gb| sf] ;=sf=sf] 71

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLtnj j[l4 ug'{kg]{

cfly{s cefj j]/f]huf/L,clzIff,k|fljlws lzIffsf] sdL

eflifs sl7gfO{ efiff ;DalGw lzIff pknAw gu/fP/

efifLs lzIfsx? pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ .

ckfutf ePsf ;j} afnaflnsfx? ljwfon hfg gkfpg' .

ckfu d}qL ef}lts ;+/rgf geP/ . ckfud}qL hgzlQm geP/ . kf7oqmd gx'g'

kf7oqmd tof/, ef}lts ;+/rgf ;j{dfGo x'g'kg]{ , hgzlQm oy]i6 pknAw u/fpg] .

:jf:Yo,hg;+Vof tyf kf]if0f:jf:Yo If]qdf hgzlQmsf] sdL

b/jlGb ck'u x'g', b/jlGb j9fpg' kg]{

ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] sdL

kof{Kt ah]6sf] sdL kof{Kt ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug'{kg]{

jfnljjfx . lzIff,r]tgfsf] sdL, k/Dk/fut ;f]r, bfOhf]k|yf

lzIff,r]tgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ , k/Dk/fut ;f]rnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{, bfOhf]k|yf Go"gLs/0f ug]{

cJojl:yt a;f]af; a;f]af; ;DjlGw :ki6 gLlt gx'g',j]/f]huf/L .

a;f]af; ;DalGw gLlt lgdf{0f tyf ePsf gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Frsf] sdL

:jf:Yo ;]jf lbgfg'lbg dxFuf] x'b} hfg',u|fld0f If]qdf ;]jfsf] cefj

u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] sdL

oy]i6 ah]6 gx'g' , bIf hgzlQm gx'g' .

ljiffbLo'Qm s[lif pTkfbg tyf c;'/lIft vfgkfg

sfg'g k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog gx'g' .

s'kf]if0f kf]if0f lzIff glbg' . kf]if0f lzIff glbg' . o'jf tyf v]ns'bj]/f]huf/L o'jf lglt:ki6 gx'g' .

hfgsf/ gx'g' lglt :ki6 kfg]{ .

pwdlzn o'jfsf] sdL

pwdlzntf tflndsf] cefj

:yfgLo:t/df pwdlzntf tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ .

ljb]z knfog j]/f]huf/L tyf k|72

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLfljlws lzIffsf] sdL

nfu'cf}ifw b'Jo{zgL

hgr]tgf Pj+ g}lts lzIffsf] sdL, b]vfl;lv k|j[lQ

v]ns'bsf] dxTj gx'g'

Joj;flos gx'g'hgr]tgfsf] cefj

hgr]tgf km}nfpg], :j:y g} wg xf} .

:j:y gfu/Ls tof/ x'G5

v]nsf nflu ef}lts ;+/rgf pknAw gx'g'

oy]i6 dfqfdf ah]6sf] cefj,v]ns'bnfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ g;Sg'

v]ns'b ;fdfu|L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{

ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf0f ug'{ kg]{

v]ns'bs} dfWodaf6 hLljsf]kfh{g ug{ g;Sg'

cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t gx'g'

v]nf8Lsf] nfuL tnjsf] Joj:yf gx'g

v]nf8LnfO tnj tyf k|f]T;fxg :j?k ;Ddfg ug'{ kg]{

cGt/fli6«o:t/df g]kfnnfO v]n åf/f lrgfpg] .

dlxnf3/]n' lx+;f r]tgfsf] cefj .

dlxnfsf] cfly{s ;|f]t ;fwgdf kx'r / lgoGq0f gx'g' .

3/]n' lx+;f la?4 r]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .sfg'g sfo{Gjogsf nflu laleGg k}/jL tyf bjfad'ns sfo{ ug]{kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs ?kdf :f+/IfLt x'g] aftf/0f tof/ ug]{

3/]n' lx+;f Go'lgs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/

;'rgf hfgsf/Lsf] sdLul/jLa]/f]hufl/ tyf v'Nnf l;dfgf

hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{cfo d'ns sfo{ ug]{ l;k lasf; ;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ la?4 r]tgf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 . a]rlavgsf 36gf Go'lgs/0f x'g]5 .

clzIff k/Dk/fut ;f]r ul/jL jflnsf ⁄dlxnf d}qL z}lIfs jftfjf/0f gx'g' .zfl//Ls l;ldttf -ckfutf _

z}lIfs r]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .dlxnf tyf aflnsf d}qL z}lIfs aftf/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ .5fqfa[ltsf] Aoa:yf ug]{ .

dlxnfx?sf] z}lIfs :t/ a[4L x'g]5 .

n}lus lae]b ljleGg If]q, tx / tKsfdf dlxnfsf] kx'r sd x'g' .lkt[ ;tfTds zf]r xfjL x'g' . sfg'g k|efjsf/L

dlxnfx?sf] z;lSts/0f / ;fFu7flgs ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .;+rf/ dfWod dfkm{t n}+lus ;r]tgf clea[l4

x/]s tx / tKsfdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .n}lus lx+;fsf

73

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLsfof{Gjog gx'g' . ug]{ . 36gf x?df

Go'lgs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 . n}lus lx+;fsf la?4 hgr]tgf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 lae]b /lxt ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f x'g]5 .

Gofodf ;xh kx'rsf] cefj

kfl/jfl/s Pj+ ;fdflhs ;xof]u / ;+/If0fsf] cefj .;/n / l56f] 5l/tf] Gofo :fDkfbg gx'g' .

Goflos lgsfox?df dlxnf / Gofo ;DaGwdf Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .dlxnf d}qL Goflos ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ .

;/n ;xh / l56f] 5l/tf] Gofo k|fKt ePsf] x'g]5 .

:jf:Yo k|hgg -c;'/lIft ue{ ktg , kf]if0f o'tm vfgfsf] cefj

:j:Yo pkef]usf] r]tgfsf] cefj

n}lËs lae]b .

:j:Yo pkef]usf nflu hgr]tgf clea[l4

:jf:Yo Kf|hgg jf/]df r]tgf clea[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .:jf:Yo s]Gb|dfg} jfnjflnsfsf] HfGd x'g]5 .

sfg'gL ;d:of gful/stf , lajfx btf{ .

r]tgfsf] cefj .n}lËs tyf hflto lae]b lkt[ ;tfTds ;f]r

;r]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .sfg'g sfo{Gjogsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] Ifdtf lasf; ug]{ .

r]tgf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 . lajfx btf{ , hGd btf{ , a;fO{ ;/fO{ gful/stf nufotsf 36gf btf{ a[l4 ePsf x'g]5 .

ax'lajfx bfOhf]sf] nf]en}lËs lae]b .sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L gx'g' .

ax' laafx ;DaGwL sfg'gL k|fawfgsf laifodf cled'lvs/0f ug]{ .

dlxnf clwsf/sf jf/]df r]tgf km}lnOax'lajfxsf 36gf x?df Go'lgs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

a]/f]hufl/ lzIff, lzk / bIftf tyf kx'rsf] cefj ;fy} n}lËs lae]b .

l;k lasf; tflnd tyf lap k'hL ;xof]u ug]{ . n}+lus lae]b la?4 hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .

lzk k|fKt ul/ n3' pwd tyf cfocfh{gsf sfo{qmddf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

Psn k/Dk/fut ;fdflhs dfgj clwsf/ / n} hgr]tgfdf a[l4 74

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLdlxnfnfO{ ;fdflhs ckx]ngf

d'NodfGotf n}lËs lae]b .

+lus lae]b la?4 Aofks hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .dlxnf clwsf/ / ;DDffgk'0f{ Aoaxf/ af/] ;r]tgf km}nfpg] .

ePsf] x'g]5 .;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] lasf; ePsf] x'g]5 .

afnaflnsfjfn >d zf]if0f jfnjflnsfsf] dxTj

ga'emg' .ul/jL .clzIff .

;r]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .afn >ldsx?sf] tYof+s cWofalws ug]{ . afnaflnsfx?sf] :ofxf/ tyf k'g{:yfkgf of]hgf agfpg] .>lds afnaflnsfx?sf] p4f/ / kfl/jfl/s k'g/ldngnfO{ cleofgsf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ .afn >lds afnaflnsfx?sf] kl/jf/nfO{ cfo cfh{gsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ .afn >lds /xg] 7fpFdf afn >ldsx?sf] ca:yfsf af/]df a'em\g lg/Gt/ cg'udg ug]{ / afn >lds /fVg] / /fVg nufpg] sfg'g adf]lhd sfjf{xL ug]{ .

afn>d d'St lhNnf 3f]if0ff ePsf] x'g] 5 .afn >lds /fVg] / /fVg nufpg]nfO{{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08 ;hfo tf]Sg] cEof;sf] lasf; x'g]5 .

jfn lajfx k/Dk/fut ;f]r .

lzIff tyf r]tgfsf] sdL .cfly{s cefj tyf bfOhf] k|yf . cfdfa'jfsf] dfof ddtf gx'g' .

afn laafxaf6 afnaflnsfx?sf] hLjgdf x'g] xfgL gf]SzfgL / afn laafx ;DaGwsf] sfg'gL Aoa:yfsf af/]df Aofks ;r]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .afn laafx ug]{ / u/fpg] nfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd sfaf{xL ug]{afn laafx /f]Sgsf

lhNnfsf s'g} klg :yfgdf afn laafx ePsf] x'g] 5}g . afn laafxsf d'4fx?nfO{ ;DaGwLt lgsfox?n] ;+a]bglzn tl/sfn] ;Daf]w ug]{5g\ . jfn ljjfx d'tm lhNnf 3f]if0ff

75

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLnflu :yfgLo ?kdf :yfkgf ePsf afn clwsf/ k|aw{gsf ;+oGqx?sf] ;+:yfut lasf; ug]{ . cfdfjfj'n] afnaRrfnfO{ ;flyTjsf] Jojxf/ ug']{

ePsf] x'g]5 .

jfn of}g b'{Jojxf/ / zf]if0f

r]tgfsf] cefj .k|ltjfb ug{ g;Sg' . sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L sfo{fGjog gx'g' .

afn of}g b'Ao{axf/ / of}g zf]if0f la?4 laleGg dfWofdåf/f hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .k|To]s afnaflnsfx?nfO{ cfkm'nfO{ dg gkg]{ c?sf] Aoaxf/sf] k|ltsf/ ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] .b'Ao{axf/ / of}g zf]if0f af6 lkl8t afnaflnsfx?nfO{ k'gM :fdfGo ca:ydf kmsf{pg dfgf];fdflhs ;]jf ;lxtsf cfaflws u[xx?nfO{ Aoal:yt ug]{ .

s'g} klg afnaflnsf of}g b'Ao{axf/ / zf]if0fsf] lzsf/ ePsf x'g] 5}gg .afn of}g b'Ao{axf/sf d'2fx? ;+a]bgzLn tl/sfn] ;Daf]wg ePsf x'g]5g\ .

jfn jflnsfsf] a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/

;'rgf tyf hfgsf/L tyf r]tgfsf] cefj .;lhn} nnfO{kmsfO{ ug{ ;lsg] .ul/jL / j]jf:tf .v'Nnf l;dfgf .

afnaflnsfx?sf] a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ la?4 k|To]s afnaflnsfx? nfO{ ;r]t agfpg] .:yfgLo ?kdf :yfkgf ul/Psf afn clwsf/ k|aw{g ug]{ ;+oGqx?nfO{ afnaflnsfx?sf] afnaflnsfx?sf] a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ la?4 ;r]t / ;+a]bglzn agfpg] .k|To]s cleefjsnfO{ cfkm\gf afnaflnsfx? k|lt lhDd]jf/ / ;+a]bglzn agfpgsf nflu ;r]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .

afnaflnsf :j+odn] a]rlavgaf6 hf]lug ;Sg] pkfox? canDg ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ .

;dfhn] ck/flws/0fnfO{ alxisf/ ul/ ck/flw x? sfg'gL bfo/fdf cfpg] 5g\ .

76

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLsfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L sfo{fGjogsf nflu lg/Gt/ k}/jL sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ug]{ .

jfnjflnsfnfO{ lbO{g] b08 ;hfo jfn clwsf/ jf/]

hfgsf/L tyf dx;'l;s/0f gx'g' .jfn dgf]la1fg ga'emg' .

;r]tgfd'ns sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ug]{ .laz]if u/L laBfnodf u'gf;f] ;'Gg] / To;nfO{ Aoa:yfkg ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] lasf; ug]{ .laBfnodf eo/lxt / ;Ddfghgs lzIf0f lalw tyf k|0ffnL nfu' ug]{ .

k|To]s afnaflnsfx? b08/lxt aftfa/0fdf l;Sg, v]Ng / afFRg kfpg] 5g\ . laBffno / :yfgLo lgsfo x? jfn d}qL jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

lzIffdf kx'rsf] cefj

laBfnodf afn d}qL Aoaxf/ / aftfa/0f gx'g'ul/aL, wd{, :f+:s[tLr]tgfsf] sdL

afn d}qL cawf/0ff cg';f/ k|To]s laBfnon] afn d}qL laBfnosf] ;'rs tof/ u/L laBfnonfO{ afn d}qL agfpg] .lzIffsf] dxTjsf] laifodf cleefjsx?nfO{ ;';'lrt ug]{ .laBfnodf b08 ;lxtsf] lzIf0f k|0ffnLnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ .laBfnodf afn d}lq ef}lts ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ug]{ .laBfnodf cfrf/ ;+lxtf agfpg] / To;nfO{ nfu' ug]{ .5fqf zf}rfnosf] plrt k|aGw ldnfpg] afnaflnx?sf] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ a9fpg cleefjsnfO{ ;r]t agfpg] .

afnaflnsfx?n] jfn d}lq jftfj/0fdf u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|fKt u/]sf] x'g]5g\ . lzIff clgjfo{ / lgz'Ns ePsf] x'g]5 .;fIf/tf b/df a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

s'kf]if0f ul/aLr]tgf gx'g'afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yodf a]jf:tf

afNosfndf iff]if0fsf] dxTj laifodf cleefjsnfO{ ;r]t agfpg] .ul/a / c;fxfo afnaflnsfx?

k|To]s afnaflnsfx?n] pd]/ cg';f/sf] kf]if0f o'St vfgf / la/fdL k/]sf] a]nf cf}ifwL

77

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLnfO{ lgMz'Ns cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] Aoa:yf ug]{ .

pkrf/ k|fKt u/]sf x'g]5g\ .

cgfy, c;fxfo jfnjflnsfsf] ;+/If0f, p4f/ / k'g{:yfkgfdf sl7gfO{

a]jf:tf4Gbca}w ue{wf/0f / hGd,k|ofKt afn u[x tyf ;'/Iffaf; gx'g' .

hf]lvd kl/l:ytLdf /x]sf afnaflnsf / a]jfl/;] afnaflnsfx?nfO{ pBf/,;+/If0f / k'g{:yfkgfsf nflu lhNNff afn sNof0f ;ldlt cGt/utsf] lhNNff cfkt\sflng /fxt sf]ifdf /sd clea[l4 ug]{ .a]jfl/;] / hf]lvd ca:yfsf afnaflnsfx?sf] tYof+s cWofalws u/L pgLx?sf] k'g{:yfkgf / :ofxf/ of]hgf afpg] lhNnfdf ;+rflnt afn u[xx?sf] lg/Gt/ cg'udg / Aoa:yfkg ug]{.

afnd}qL jftfj/0fdf x's{g kfpg]5g\ .

cy{k'0f{ ;xeflutf gx'g'

afnaflnsfsf] larf/ / efjgfsf] sb/ gug'{;Da4 lgsfo ;+a]bgzLn gx'g'sfg'g, lglt, lgb]{lzsf afn d}qL gx'g'

cy{ k'0f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu ;Da4 kIfx?nfO{ ;+a]bglzn agfpg] .afn Sna, lszf]/L ;d'x / ufpF afn ;+/If0f,afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;Daw{g pk;ldltsf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ ;fy} sfo{s|d ;+rfngsf nflu ah]6sf] Aoa:yf ug]{ .afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xelfutf ;'lglZrt ug{ laleGg lgod, lgb]{lzsf kl/dfh{g ug]{

afnaflnsfx?sf] hLjgdf k|efj kfg]{ x/]sf lg0f{ox?df afnaflnsfx?sf] cy{k'0f{ ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf ePsf] x'g]5 .

jfnd}qL Pj+d ckfªtf d}qL Goflos ;+/rfg

;Da]bglzntfsf] cefj ;fwg >f]tsf] cefj;f]rsf] sdL

afn d}qL tyf ckf+utf d}qL ef}lts ;+/rgf

sfg'gsf] ;Dks{df cfPsf afnaflnsfx?n]

78

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLgx'g' lgdf{0f ug]{ .

lhNnf k|x/L sfo{no cGt/ut dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|df afnaflnsf /fVg] 5'6\6} :yfg agfpg]]

Gofo ;+kfbg k|ls|ofdf afn d}qL aftfaf/0f / Aoaxf/ dxz'; ug{ kfPsf x'g]5g\ .

sfg'gL ;d:of -hGd btf{ gful/stf, ;Dklt _

r]tgfsf] cefj .;Da]bglzntfsf] cefj .n}+lus lje]b .

hGd btf{nfO{ cleofgsf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ .afnaflnsfx?nfO{ cfdfsf] gfd af6 gful/stf lbg] k|ls|ofnfO{ ;/n agfpg]

;a} afnaflnsfx?n] cfkm\gf] klx+rfg / /fli6«otf lagf /f]sfj6 u|x0f u/]sf x'g]5g\ . k|To]s :yfgLo lgsfo n] ;tk|ltzt hGd btf{ u/]sf x'g]5g\ .pd]/ k'u]sf ;a} gful/s n] gful/stf kfPsf x'g]5g\ .

lszf]/L lzIffsf] cefj

n}lËs lae]b .k'/ftgjflb ;f]r .lszf]/L d}qL jftfj/0f gx'g' .

lszf]/L d}qL aftfa/0f agfpg lszf]/L lzIff ;+rfng ug]{ .

lszf]/L d}qL aftfa/0f lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 .3/ kl/jf/ ;dfh laBfno x? ;d]tdf cfKmgf s'/f v'n]/ /fVg ;Sg]5g\ .

afnaflnsf ;DaGwL tYof+s / b:tfa]hLs/0f cWofalws gx'g'

>f]t, ;fwgsf] cefjdfgjaLo >f]tsf] cefj

lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldltdf >f]t, ;fwgsf] Aoa:yf u/L afnaflnsf ;DaGwL tYof+s cWofalws ug]{ .

lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt >f]t, ;fwg ;+kGg eO{ afnaflnsfx?sf] tYof+s tyf ;'rgf cWofalws ePsf] x'g]5 . tTYof+ssf] Jojfxfl/s k|of]u ePsf] x'g]5 .

v]ns'b , dgf]/Ghg Pj+ ;f:s[lts s|

jfn d}lq v]ns'bsf ;|f]t;fwg gx'g' .kfl/jfl/s ;fdflhs ?

jfn d}qL ;|f]t ;fwg a[l4 ug{ tkm{ kxn ug]{ .

jfn d}lq ;|f]t ;fwg a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

79

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLLofsnfk kdf ;+a]bglzntf

gx'g' .kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs ?kdf ;+a]bglzntf a[l4sf nflu sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

;Da]bglzntf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

ckfutf:jf:Yo ckfËtf d}qL ef}lts

k'jf{wf/ gx'g' .cfj:ostf Pj+ kf]if0fo'tm vfgfsf] cefj .hfgsf/L Pj+ ;'rgfsf] cefj .ckf+ux?sf nflu sfg'gL ?kd} :jf:Yo ;]jfx? ck|ofKt x'g'ckf+utf ePsf JolQmdfyL ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] cefj

k|ofKt ;'rgf k|jfx ug'{ckf+u d}qL ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf0f{ ug{{'x]Nk 8]:ssf] Joj:yf ug{'

;xh ?kdf kx'r tyf hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g';]jf lng]s'/fdf b'ljwf gx'g'

lzIff ckfËtf d}qL z}lIfs jftfj/0fsf] cefj . –lzIfs tflnd,ef}lts ;+/rgf cfbL_;|f]t ;fwg gx'g' .;]jf ;'lawf -5fq a[4L_ pknAw gx'g' .z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? dx+uf] x'g';a} :yfgx?df ;dflxs lzIff sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L gx'g'efiffut ljljwtf x'g'-alx/f ;f+s]lts efiff,b[li6ljlxgnfO{ a|]n lnkL cfbL_3/kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf hgr]tgfsf] sdL

lzIfs tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ckfË d}qL ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf jftfj/0f lgdf0f{ ug'{ .lbPsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfx?nfO{ ;xh?kdf pknAw u/fpg'efiffut ljljwtfsf] klxrfgul/ To;sf] ;DalGwt lgsfon] sfof{Gjog ug'{

ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?n] ;xh ?kdf lzIff k|fKt u/]sf x'g]5g\ .;/sf/sf] ;fIf/tf cleofgdf 6]jf k'u]sf] x'g]5 ljrd} ljBfno 5f8\g] ;d:ofdf sdL cfPsf] x'g]5 .lzIff kfpg] g};{lus clwsf/ sfod ePsf] x'g]5 .;Ddflgt lhjg ofkgdf ;xhtf k'u]sf] x'g]5 .5fqfjf;sf] Jo:yf ePsf] x'g]5 .

kx'ro'tmtf ;xeflutf

JolQm ckf+u x'g'\;fj{hlgs :yn x?df ckfËtf d}qL ef}lts ;+/rgf gx'g' .ckfËtf k|lt ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] cefj .

ckfËtf k|lt ul/g] gsf/fTds ;f]rnfO{ x6fOg' k5{ .ef}lts ;+/rgf tyf ;fj{hlgs :ynx? ckfËtf d}qL

lg0ff{os txdf cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf ePsf] x'g]5 .ePsf lgltut Joj:yfx?sf]

80

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLckfËtf d}qL jftfj/0fsf] cefj .

x'g'k5{lg0ff{os txdf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] kx'r ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{

sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf ;xhtf ePsf] x'g]5 .ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] cfTd;Ddfgdf j[l4 x'g]5 .

;'rgf ;+rf/ ckfËtf d}qL gx'g' .ckfËtf d}qL ;'rgf k|jfx ug]{ dfWod gx'g' .-;f+s]lts efiff , b]fef;] , a]|n cl8of] cflb_;"rgf ;fwgsf ;|f]tx? clt dx+uf] x'G5 eGg] unt wf/0ffb'/ud tyf u|fld0f If]qdf ;"rgf ;+rf/sf ;fwgx? k'Ug g;Sg' .

ckfËtfePsf JolQmx? cg's'nsf] ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ .

ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx? cg's'n ;"rgf ;+rf/df kx'r k'u]sf] x'g]5sfo{If]qdf ;xhtf ePsf] x'g]5 .

b'Jo{jxf/ lae]b k'0f{ ;fdflhs dfGotf .eflifs ckx]ngf .r]tgfsf] cefj .sfg'gg} lkmtnf]

r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ug]{;sf/fTds ;f]r Pj+ ;Ddfhgs Jojxf/sf nflu sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

;Ddfhg Jojxf/ k|fKt u/]sf x'g]5g .lx+;f Go'lgs/0f ePsf x'g]5g\ .

dlxnf ckfªtf -a}jflxs_

r]tgf cefj .sfo{af]emlae]b k'0f{ ;f]r .zzltms/0f gx'g' .

r]tgf d'ns sfo{qmd ug]{ .cfocfh{g Pj+ zzltms/0f d'ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

lx+;f Go'lgs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 . zzltms/0f ePsf / cfocfh{g ug]{ ePsf x'g]5g .

k'g{:yfkgf zztmLs/0f

;|f]t ;fwgsf] cefj . s]Gb| gx'g' . r]tgfsf] cefj .ckfËtf d}qL aftfj/0f tyf lzkd'ns sfo{qmd gx'g'

s]Gb| :yfkgf tkm{ kxn ug]{ .ckfË d}lq ;|f]t ;fwg ug{ tkm{ pGd'v x'g] .cfocfh{g nw'pwdlzntf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

s]Gb| :yfkgf ePsf] x'g]5 .cfj:ostf cg';f/ :f|f]t ;fwgdf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .cfocfh{g d'ns sfo{ x? ;+rfng ePsf x'g]5g\ .

kl/ro kq tyf TfTYËs cWofjlws

;xh?kdf k|fKt gx'g .b'?kof]u x'g' .klxrfgdf ;d:of .

;xh ?kdf kl/ro k|fKlt / b'?kof]u gxf]; elg k}/la ug]{ .

;xh ?kdf kl/ro kq k|fKt u/]sf x'g]5g\ . kl/ro kqsf] b'?kof]u /f]sLosf

81

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLx'g]5 .tTYofËs cWofjlws ePsf] x'g]5

;fdflhs ;'/Iff etf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff etf ;xh / cfj:ostf cg';f/ j}1flgs gx'g' .

;fdlhs ;'/Iff etf ;xh / a[l4sf nflu kxn ug]{ .

;fdflhs ;'/Iff etf ;xh / a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

cfkfËtf tyf jfnu[x

cfkfËtfd}qL u[x x? gx'g' .cfkfËtfnfO{ ;dfhsf] cGo ju{ dfGg'

u[x lgdf{0fsf nflu kxn ug]{ .laif]z lzIff cfj:ostf cg';f/ a[l4 / ;+rfng tkm{ kxn ug]{ .

u[x lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 .laif]; lzIff cfj:ostf cg';f/ a[l4 / ;+rfng ePsf x'g] 5g\ .

oftfoft ckfËd}lq oftfoftsf ;fwg gx'g' . ckfËtf d}lq Jojxf/ gx'g' .

ckfË d}lq oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] Joj:yf / Jojxfl/s ?kdf sfof{Gjogsf nflu kxn ug]{ .

ckfË d}lq oftfoftsf ;fwg Pj Jojxf/ ePsf] x'g]5 . ePsf] Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog ePsf] x'g]5 .

v]ns'b , dgf]/Ghg Pj+ ;f:s[lts s|Lofsnfk

ckfË d}lq v]ns'bsf ;|f]t;fwg gx'g' .kfl/jfl/s ;fdflhs ?kdf ;+a]bglzntf gx'g' .

ckfË d}lq ;|f]t ;fwg a[l4 ug{ tkm{ kxn ug]{ .kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs ?kdf ;+a]bglzntf a[l4sf nflu sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

ckfË d}lq ;|f]t ;fwg a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .;Da]bglzntf a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

lk58f ju{lk58fju{nfO{ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL 1fgsf] cefj

o; ;DaGwL ;/sf/L lgsfosf] Wofg guPsf]

;DaGwLt lgsfosf] lae]b /lxt lglt 3/ 3/ k'Ug' kg]{ .

:j:y ;dfh / ;d'bfosf] sNkgf ug{ ;Sg] .

;'wfl/Psf] r'nf], ;f}o{ phf{, cfbLsf] k|of]ufTds / Jojxfl/s 1fgsf] sdL .

!_ ;/sf/L lgsfon] sfg'g agfP klg sfo{Gjog gu/]sf] .@_ o;sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmsf] af/]df r]tgfsf] lasf; gu/]sf] .

;/sf/n] lbPsf] ;'lawfsf] af/]df lk58fju{sf] ;d'bfonfO{ hfgsf/L gePsf] .

3'jfF /lxt / a}slNks phf{sf] lasf; ug{ ;Sg] .

/fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwnfO{ g} ;/sf/n] lbg] ;'lawfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L

;/sf/n] agfPsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] af/]df k|lzIf0f /fhg}lts bnnfO{ glbg' .

/fhg}lts bnnfO{ gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] af/]df k|lzIf0f lbg' kg]{ .

ufla;, gkf, lhlj;df ah]6, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd agfpgdf ;xh x'g] .

82

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLgx'g' . lk58fju{sf] tYof+s, kfZj{lrq tyf cWoog, cjnf]sg gS;fsf] sdL .

;/sf/n] efif0fdf dfq Wofg lbPsf] .

o;sf] nflu 5'6\6} lglt aGg' kg]{ .

lk58fju{sf] k|f]kmfO{n] lasf; ug{ lgs} dbQ ug]{ .

;Lk, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] cefj

o; ;DaGwL ;/sf/n]] sfg'gsf] k|lzIf0f glbPsf] .

:yflgo lgsfosf] k|ltlglw lgikIf x'g' kg]{ .

;a}n] ckgTjsf] efjgfsf] lasf; ug]{ .

:yflgo :jfot zf;g P]gnfO{ n'sfpg' jf k|rf/ k|;f/ gug'{ .

lae]b} lae]bn] el/Psf] larf/ .

cfTdfaf6 g} lae]b zJb x6\g' kg]{ .

;dtfd'ns ;dfhsf] sNkgf ug{ ;Sg] .

lk58fju{sf] eflifs ;d:of

duxL efiffdf sIff ;+rfng gx'g' .

duxL efiffdf sIff ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ .

lk58fju{n] klg eflifs clwsf/ kfPsf] efjgf lasf; ug]{ .

lk58fju{sf] ;+:s[lt nf]k x'g]

o;nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ ;/sf/n] k|of; gu/]sf] .

;+:s[lt nf]k x'gjf6 hf]ufpg ;/sf/n] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd Nofpg' kg]{ .

;f+:s[lts clwsf/ kfPsf] v'lzofnL dgfpg] .

lk58fju{sf] hftLo k]zf ;+s6df kg'{ .

;/sf/n] hftLo k]zf ;+/If0f ug{ s'g} gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k|:t't gu/]sf] .

hftLo k]zfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ gLlt agfpg' kg]{ .

;a} hftsf] k]zf ;+/If0f ePdf /f]huf/Lsf] clea[l4 x'g] / klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] .

ckf+u, afnaflnsf / dlxnfsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf ;dfg'kflts ;dfa]zLtfsf] cawf/0ff gckgfPsf] .

:yflgo lgsfo o;df uDeL/ gePsf] .

ckf+u, afnaflnsf / dlxnfsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf ;dfg'kflts ;dfa]zLtfsf] cfwf/df ;xeflutf u/fpg' kg]{ .

o;jf6 lk58fju{sf] dlxnf, ckf+u / afnjflnsfn] k|ToIf ;'lawf ;lxt ;Ddfg kfpg] .

;/sf/ / lk58fju{ larsf] ;Demf}tf nfu' ug{ :yfgLo :t/df klg of]hgf gagfPsf] .

;/sf/ / lk58fju{ larsf] ;Demf}tf nfu' ug{ :yfgLo :t/df kxn gu/]sf] .

;/sf/ / lk58fju{ larsf] ;Demf}tf nfu' ug{ :yfgLo :t/df klg of]hgf agfpg' kg]{ .

lk58fju{n] klg clwsf/ kfPsf] cg'e'lt ug{ kfpg] .

/fli6«o dlxnf÷ckf+u cfof]udf lk58fju{sf] k|ToIf ;+a}wflgs

/fli6«o dlxnf÷ckf+u cfof]udf lk58fju{sf] k|ToIf ;+a}wflgs kx'Fr k'/\

/fli6«o dlxnf÷ckf+u cfof]udf lk58fju{sf] k|ToIf ;+a}wflgs kx'Frsf]

lk58fju{sf] dlxnf / ckf+un] klg cf cfkmgf] clwsf/ kfpg] .

83

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLkx'Frsf] cefj . ofpg] p2]Zo gx'g' . nflu ;dfg'kflts ;dfa]

zLtfsf] cfwf/df lgo"lQm ug'{ kg]{ .

lk58fju{sf] ;d'bfonfO{ ;sf/fTds ;f]+r / Jojfxfl/s tflndsf] sdL .

lk58fju{sf] ;dfh gsf/fTds efjgfn] el/Psf]n]

;sf/fTds ;f]+rsf] tflnd lbg' kg]{ .

lk58fju{sf] ;dfhdf em} emu8fdf sdL cfpg]

pTkfbgd'ns r]tgfsf] cefj .

l;h{gl;zn / pTkfbgd'ns ;dfhsf] :yfkgfsf] nflu ;/sf/n] 7f]; sbd grfn]sf] .

l;h{gl;zn / pTkfbgd'ns ;dfhsf] :yfkgfsf] nflu ;/sf/n] 7f]; sbd, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ .

/f]huf/Ldf a[l4 x'g] .;dosf] ;b'kof]u ug]{ .Ps csf]{nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ .

lalQo ;+:yfsf] ;]jfdf kx'Fr x'g].

o;af/]df ;/sf/sf] s'g} 7f]; gLlt gcfPsf] .

;xsf/L vf]Ngdf ;/sf/n] ;lqmo e'ldsf lgaf{x ug'{ kg]{ .

/f]huf/sf] a[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} cfo cfh{g ;d]t x'g] .

dhb'/x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] a}rfl/s, zfl//Ls / ;do ;fk]Iftfsf] cfwf/df d'Nof+sg gug'{ . laxfg % b]vL * ah] 3/ aflx/ sfdsf] vf]hLdf hfg] / a]n'sL % b]vL * ah] leq 3/ k'Ug] ;do tfnLsfsf] af/]df uxg cEoog gu/]sf] .

dhb'/x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] a}rfl/s, zfl//Ls / ;do ;fk]Iftfsf] cfwf/df d'Nof+sgsf] cfjZostf ;/sf/n] dxz'z gu/]sf] .

dhb'/x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] a}rfl/s, zfl//Ls / ;do ;fk]Iftfsf] cfwf/df d'Nof+sg u/L ;Lk / cfo cfh{g ;DaGwL tflnd lbg' kg]{ .lk58fju{ dxf;+3;+u ;xsfo{ ug'{ kg]{ .

pgLx?sf] a}rfl/s, ;fdflhs, cfly{s ;an x'g] .

lk58fjusf] o"jfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/ ;DaGwL lzIff, ;Lk, snfsf] cefj

:j/f]huf/sf] gLlt ;/sf/n] ckgfP klg lk58fju{sf] o"jfnfO{ nlIft gu/]sf] .

lk58fju{ dxf;+3;+u ;xsfo{ ug'{ kg]{ .

/f]huf/sf] cj;/ kfpg] .

lk58fju{sf] o'jfnfO{ Joj;flos v]ns'bsf] sdL

lk58fju{sf] o'jfnfO{ Joj;flos v]ns'bsf] cfof]hgf , k|lzIf0f / r]tgfsf] clea[l4 gu/]sf]

o;sf] nflu dxf;+3;+u ;xsfo{ ug'{ kg]{ . clg dfq sfo{Gjo0f eP gePsf] laifo s'/f ug'{ kg]{ .

lk58fju{sf] o'jfnfO{ Joj;flos v]ns'bsf] lasf; x'g] .

hghftL bnLt cNk;+Vos t];|f] ln+lu

84

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwL;fdflhs, n}lu+s, tyf hflto lje]b

jg]sf P]g sfg'g k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog gx'g'blnt, nlIft ju{sf] kx'r gx'g'

jg]sf P]g lgod sfg'g k|efjsf/L?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g' kg]{ ;/sf/n] ;j}sf] ;dfg ;xeflutfdf hf]8 lbg' kg]{hgr]tgfsf] clej[l4 x'g' kg]{

lje]b pNd'ng ePsf] cfef; x'G5 .

j]/f]huf/L /f]huf/Ldf kx'r gx'g'cf/If0f gLlt k|efjsf/L ?kdf nfu' gx'g' .

ePsf] gLlt lgodnfO k|efjsf/L ?kdf nfu' ug'{ kg]{, t];|f]lnle nfO cf/If0f / nlIft ju{sf] nfuL ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLsf] gLlt k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfof{Gjog x'g' kg]{

nlIft ju{n] ;dfg ?kn] /f]huf/L cj;/ kfpg] 5g .

klxrfg ;lxtsf] gful/stf k|fKt gx'g'

t];|f]lnu+L;DjGwL gLlt sfof{Gjog gx'g'

@)^$ kf}if ^ ut] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] lbPsf] cfb]z sfof{Gjog x'g' kg]{

lje]b cGt eO ;j{;'ne tl/sfn] c? ;/x gful/stf k|fKt ug]{5g .

cfwf/e"t clwsf/jf6 j+lrt x'g'

lzIff, :jf:Yo, uf; jf; skf; ;DjGwL ;/sf/n] NofPsf] gLlt k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog gx'g'nlIft ju{, ;d'bfosf] kx'r gx'g'

ePsf] gLlt lgodx? ;zQm ?kn] sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ .

sfg"gL /fHosf] k|Tofe'lt x'g] ;dfg clwsf/sf] k|fKtL x'g] .

ljlQo ;+:yfsf] ;]jfdf kx'r gx'g'

e"ldlxg, ;'s'Djf;L, ;DklQ ljxLg ePsf] x'bf ljlQo ;+:yfn] C0f k|jfxdf ljZjf; gug'{hgr]tgf tyf lzIffsf] sdL

ljgf lwtf] C0f k|jfx ug]{ gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{cfod'ns lzk d'ns tflndsf] k|df0fkqnfO lwtf]sf] ?kdf dfgL C0f k|jfx ug'{ kg]{r]tgf clej[4L u/L ;fd'lxs ?kdf Go"gtd Jofhb/df C0f k|bfg ug'{ kg]{

cfodf j[4L, /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf, a}+s / ;xsf/Lsf] ljZjf; j9g]5 .

of}lgs tyf n}lus , cNk;

lje]bsf/L sfg'g x'g' .

cfjZos sfg'g lgdf{0f

;dfhdf :yflkt x'g'] .

85

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwL+Vos ;d'xnfO ljjfxsf] dfGotf gx'g' nlIft ju{ leqsf] nf]s ;+:s[tL lzk snfx? nf]k x'b} hfg'

nf]s ;+:s[lt, lzk snfsf] ;+/If0f , ;+j4{g , k|j4{g tkm{ ;/sf/sf] Wofg ghfg'ePsf lzk snf, ;+:s[ltsf] ;/sf/n] ;+/If0f gu/]sf] .

ePsf sfg'g k|efjsf/L 9+un] nfu' ug'{ kg]{gof sfg'gL Joj:yf x'g' kg]{tflnd lbO k|f]T;fxg ug'{ kg]{/f]oN6Lsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{

nf]s, ;+:s[lt, lzk snfsf] hu]{gf x'g] .

lbOg] ;]jf ;'ljwfjf6 j+lrt x'g'

/fHosf] lg0ff{osdf kx'r gx'g'nlIft ju{nfO ;/sf/n] k|f];fxg gug'{

/fHosf] lg0ff{os tx nufPt ;j} txdf ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf u/fpg' kg]{

nles tyf hflto lje]bsf] cGTo x'g]5

wfld{s lzIff Jojl:yt gx'g'

gLlt lgdf{0f gx'g' / ePsf gLlt lgodx? ;zQm ?kdf sfof{Gjog gx'g' .wfld{s k|j[tLsf] kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f gx'g':yfgLo ;d'bfo ;xh gx'g'cfwf/e"t ;d:of ;dfwfg tkm{ ;/sf/sf] rf;f] gx'g'

;/sf/n] rf;f] b]vfpg' kg]{

z}lIfs ;+:yfx? ;jn / u0f:tl/o lzIff lbg ;Ifd x'g]5g .

:jf:Yo, lzIff, /f]huf/L cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf - t];|f]lnlË_ sf] nfuL

kfl/jfl/s, /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs jlx:sf/ , /fHo kIfjf6 jlx:sf/

/fHosf] # j6f c+u sfo{kflnsf , Gofokflnsf, Joj:yfkLsfdf kx'r

:jtGq ?kdf clwsf/ kfpg] .

;+:s[tL, snf, efiff, ;flxTo , gLltut ;fdflhs ;]jfcfw'lgs ;+:s[ltsf] k|efj

clwsf+; dflg;x?df cfkm\gf] ;+:s[ltk|lt pbfl;gtf, lk8f

:yfgLo e]ife'iffsf] k|j4{g ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{

klxrfg sfod x'g]

cfkm\gf] l/tL l/jfh k|lt pbfl;gtf

:yfgfGt/0f cf cfkm\gf] l/lt l/jfhsf] cjnDjg ug'{

Ps csf]{sf] l/ltl/jfhnfO j'em\g d2t u/of] .

cfw'lgsLs/0f b]vfl;vL, km]zg k|rf/ k|;f/df hf]8 lbg]

;+/If0fsf] nfuL d2t k'Ug]

dft[efiffsf] kf7\ sfo{qmdsf] cefj dft[efiff lzIffsf] efiffsf] ljsf; 86

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLoqmdsf] cefj Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ x'g] .snf ;DjGwL /fHosf] pk]lR5t lgtL x'g' .

gLltdf kx'rsf] cefj ;flxTodf ;dfgtf lbg' kg]{

;flxTosf] ;du| ljsf;

;flxTodf tyf ;fdflhs ;]jfdf /fHos} lgltut cefj

;du| kIfdf ljs[ltn] k|efj kf/]sf] .

;do cg';f/ gLltdf kl/dfh{g ug'{ kg]{

z';fzg sfod x'g] .

-u_ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLljB'tSupply df u'0f:t/ gx'g' ah]6sf] cefj ah]6sf] k|

fyldstfdf /fVg' kg]{ u'0f:t/Lo ljB't;]jf pknAw x'g]

ljB't rf]/L r]tgfsf] sdL r]tgf :t/df a[4L /fh:jdf a[4L x'g], rf]/L /f]lsg]

TrippingSupply / Dimand ljrsf] cGt/

Power Project x?sf] oyfl;3| lgdf{0f

Load seading sf] cGTo / b]z ljsf;df 6]jf

l;rfO{sf] nflu ljB'lts/0f gx'g' jh]6sf] cefj

s[lif If]qdf jh]6 ljlgof]hg u/L ljB't lj:tf/ ug]{

pTkfbsTjdf a[4L, s[lif pTkfbgsf] nfut 36\g]

vfg]kfgL

z'4 vfg]kfgLsf] cefj

r]tgfsf] cefj / ljt/0f k|0ffnL

r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf / ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf lkmN6/ Knf06sf] lj:tf/

/f]uL lj/fdLdf sdL, cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/

of]hgf dfu a9L / jh]6 ljlgof]hg sdL

of]hgfsf] klxrfg / 5gf}6 gx'g'

of]hgf cg';f/sf] jh]6 ljlgof]hg x'g'kg]{

hgtfsf] vfg]kfgLsf] ;'ljwfdf rf8} kx'+r a[4L x'g]

Ps ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] ;+/rgf csf]{ ;+:yf jf lgsfon] eTsfpg'

of]hgf ;~rfngdf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf] cfk;L ;dGjo gx'g'

;+/rgf eTsfpg] lgsfon] g] eTsfPsf] ;+/rgf agfpg' kg]{ k|fjwfg :yflkt ug'{kg]{

ljsf; lgdf{0fn] ult lng], ;d'bfonfO{ kmfObf

d'xfg ;'Sb} hfg' / ;g'{

jg ljgf;, cAojl:yt Havy pks/0fsf] k|of]u,

a[Iff/f]k0f,Aojl:yt ljsf; k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f

vfg]kfgLsf] bL3{sflng Aoj:yfkg, a;fO;/fO /f]lsg]

d'xfg tn j:tL dfly x'g] ef}uf]lns ;d:of

ef}uf]lns sl7gfO{ Pumping System jf6 ;]jf lj:tf/

>f]tsf] ;b'kof]u, vfg]kfgL ;'ljwfdf kx'r

u|fld0f ;8s tyf 87

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwLk'n k'n];f

gLltut ;d:of

cfof]hgfsf] ;+Vof cg';f/ hgzlQmsf] sdL, k|fyldlss/0f ;"rssf] cfwf/df gx'g], 5l/P/ jh]6 ljlgof]hg u'0f:t/df Wofg glbg]

cfjZos hgzlQm yk ug"kg]{, k|fyldlss/0f ;"rsf] cfwf/df of]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{], u'0f:t/df Wofg glbg]

;]jfsf] :t/df a[4L x'g]fnufgLsf] ;b'kof]u x'g], lgdf{0f lbuf] x'g], ;d'bfonfO{ k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g]

;8s ;DkQLsf] ;+/If0f gx'g'

dd{t ;Def/df eGbf lgdf{0fdf k|fyldstf lbO{Psf], Record /fVg] cEof; gePsf]

dd{t ;Def/df k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{, ;8s ;DkQLsf] Record /fVg' kg]{

;8s ;DkQLsf] ;+/If0f x'g], k|fyldlss/0f ug{ ;xh x'g]

dfkb08 ljkl/t ;8s lgfd{f0f

DPR tof/ gu/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ k|rng, kof{Kt jh]6 ljlgof]hg gx'g'

DPR tof/ u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{

dfkb08 sfod x'g] lgdf{0f sfo{ lbuf] x'g], jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f x'g]

k|fyldlss/0f ljgf ;8s cfof]hgf 5gf}6

;"rssf] kl/kfngf gx'g', bjfj / kx'+rsf] cfwf/df ;8ssf of]hgf 5gf}6 x'g] cEof;

k|fyldlss/0fsf cfwf/sf] kl/lw leq /x]/ dfq of]hgf 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{

lhNnfsf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf cfof]hgfn] dfq k|fyldstf kfpg]

jif}{e/L oftfoft ;~rfng gx'g'

kxf8L ;8sdf pRf;r u|]8 gfnLsf] cefj, t/fO{ ;8sdf prfOsf] sdL, kfgL lgsf;sf] kof{Kt Aoj:yf gx'g', dd{t ;Def/df sdL

dfkb08 cg';f/sf] ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{, lgoldt dd{t ;Def/ ug]{, dd[t ;Def/nfO{ k|yldstf lbg]

jif}{e/L oftfoft ;~rfng x'g], :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;]jfdf kx'+r a9\g], ul/jL Go"lgs/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug]

cfof]hgfsf] ;+Vof a9L -6'qm] cfof]hgf_

;"rssf] kl/kfngf gx'g', bjfj / kx'+rsf] cfwf/df ;8ssf of]hgf 5gf}6 x'g] cEof;, >f]t 5l/g'

k|fyldlss/0fsf cfwf/df sd ;+Vofdf of]hgf 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{, kof{Kt /sd ljlgof]hg ug'{kg]{, 6'qm] cfof]hgf uflj;n] sfof{Gjog ug]{

nufgLsf] ;b'kof]u x'g], lgdf{0f lbuf] x'g], k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g]

k|fyldlss/0f ljgf ;8s k'n cfof]hgf 5gf}6

;"rs / k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df geO{ xr'jf / kx+rsf] cfwf/df of]hgf 5gf}6sf] cEof;

k|fyldstf , ;"rs / ERR sf] cfwf/df dfq of]hgf 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{

nufgLsf] ;b'kof]u x'g], lgdf{0f lbuf] x'g], k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g], ;YfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;]jfdf kx'r a9\g]

88

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwL

lgdf{0f sfo{ u'0f:t/o"Qm gx'g'

lgdf{0f Aoj;flo / pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?sf] a9L gfkmf sdfpg] k|a[lt, 6'qm] of]hgf ePsf]n] sfof{nosf] lgoGq0f aflx/

df6f]sf] sfd afx]s cGo sfd pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ lhDdf glbg], lgdf{0f Aoj;flonfO{ u'0f:t/ ;DalGw tflnd tyf l;k lbg]

u'0f:t/o"Qm lgdf{0f sfo{ x'g] , lgdf{0f sfo{ lbuf] x'g] nufgLsf] ;b'kof]u eO{ ;d'bfonfO{ kmfO{bf k'ug]

ljB'tjf6 ;8s l;df leq kf]n uf8\g]

;8s lj:tf/df ;d:ofcgfjZos nfut vr{ a9\g]

ljB't k|flws/0fn] ;DalGwt lgsfojf6 ;xdlt lnP/ dfq kf]n uf8\g]

;8s lj:tf/df ;xh x'g], lgld{t ;+/rgfsf] Iflt gx'g], ;dosf] art,

-3_ jg jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkgjgIf]q

;d:ofx? ;d:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox? pknAwL/fhdfu{ b]lv blIf0fL e]usf hgtfx?sf] ;/sf/L jgIf]qdflysf] kx'Fr gx'g'

lgtLut ;d:of lgtLdf ;+zf]wg x'g'kg]{ -;dfg ljt/0f k|0ffnL ckgfpg' kg]{_

blIf0fL e]usf hgtfx? jgk}bfjf/af6 nfeflGjt x'g]

jg cltqmd0f hg;+Vof a[l4, jgIf]qsf] :ki6 l;dfgf lgwf{/0f gx'g, sfg"gL sfof{jfxL lkmtnf],

sfgg"L sfof{jfxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k|ltj4tf x'gkg]{

jgIf]qdf j[l4 jf jgIf]q k'gM sfod x'g],

jg km8fgL sf7 / bfp/fsf] pkef]u a9\bf], hgzlQmsf] sdL

a}slNks phf{sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{, Efm\ofn 9f]sf nufot lgdf0f{ If]qdf wft'hGo ;fdfu|Lsf] k|of]u a9fpg'kg]{b/aGbL cg';f/sf] hgzlQm pknAw x'g'kg]{,

jgsf] j[l4 x'g]

e"–;+/If0fgbL s6fg tyf e"–Ifo

clta[li6, v08 j[li6, jg km8fgL, Jojl:yt v]tL k|0ffnLsf] cefj,

j[Iff/f]k0f, gbL hGo ;fdfu|L Jojl:yt 9+un] pTvgg\, e"–Ifo x'g] hf]lvto'Qm If]qsf] Joj:yfkg x'g'kg]{

e"–Ifo Golgs/0f x'g] -hf]lvd Go'lgs/0f x'g]_

j[Iff/f]k0f, gbL hGo ;fdfu|L Jojl:yt 9+un] pTvgg\, e"–

s[lif pTkfsTj a9\g]hf]lvd Go'lgs/0f

89

Ifo x'g] hf]lvto'Qm If]qsf] Joj:yfkg x'g'kg]{, t6aGwgsf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{

x'g]hLpwgsf] ;+/If0f x'g],

l;d;f/If]q -kfgLsf] d'xgf _ ;'Sb} uPsf],

jg km8fgL, e"–Ifo, e"–sDksf] k|efj

l;d;f/ If]qsf] Joj:yfkg x'g'kg]{,

kof{ko{6gsf] ljsf;, vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{, lgoldt l;+rfO{ x'g],

lhNnf ljkb Joj:yfkglhNnf ljkb Joj:yfkg of]hgf gx'g'

:yfgLo lgsfodf hgk|ltlgwL gx'g', hjfkmb]lxtfsf] sdL,

of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{

ljkb Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u x'g]]

cf}Bf]lus k|b'if0f

cf}Bf]lus lgltx? sfof{Gjog sf] cefj, cf}Bf]lus If]q gtf]lsg'

cf}Bf]lus lgltx? sfof{Gjog x'g'kg]{, cf}Bf]lus If]q tf]sL k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf0f{ x'g'kg]{

cf}Bf]lus k|b'if0fdf sdL eO{ jftfj/0f :jR5 x'g]

hyfefjL kmf]x/d}nf a9\g'

hgr]tgfsf] sdL, Joj:yfkgsf] cefj

hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd, Landfied site sf] Joj:yfkg, sfg"gL sfof{jfxL

ufpF zx/ ;kmf x'g], dxfdf/Laf6 aRg],jftfj/0f :jR5 x'g],

:jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] cefj

9n lgsf; /fd|/L gx'g',kfgLsf] z'4tf hfFrdf sdL

9n lgsf; / vfg]kfgLsf] kfOknfOg Jojl:yt ug]{, kfgL z'4Ls/0fsf pkfox? canDag ug]{

:j:yo hLjg x'g],dxfdf/Laf6 hf]lug],

cfunfuL nfkf{xL÷cfuf] k|of]u kl5 glgefpg', u|fdL0f e]usf j:tLx? Jojl:yt gx'g'

hgr]tgfsf] j[l4, u|dL0f If]qx?df Jojl:yt 3/sf] lgdf0f{, cfunfuL lgoGq0fsf k"j{ tof/L,

jg 89]nf]df lgoGq0f, hLpwg ;Dklt hf]lug],

e"sDk÷zLt nx/÷v8]/L

hnjfo' kl/j{tgclgolGqt tyf cAoj:yLt dfgj lgld{t ;+/rgf

aftfj/0f d}qL ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f lakt hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg of]hgf lgdf{0f

-ª_ ;+:yfut ljsf; ;d:ofx? c;/x? ;df:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf

pkfox?u};;, ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?, gful/s ;dfhsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf

nlIft ju{df sfo{qmd k'–ofpg g;lsPsf] .hg;zlQms/0fsf

;fwg >f]tsf] sld .k]zfut OdfGbf/Ltfdf sld .

sfo{ If]q :ki6 ul/ nlIft ;d'xdf sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ .

90

;d:ofx? c;/x? ;df:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox?

clej[l4df sdL sfo{qmdx? lk5l8Psf] ju{ ;Dd k'–ofpg g;lsPsf] .:yfgLo u};;x? jfx\o bft[ lgsfox?df dfq e/kg]{ cjj:yf .u};;sf] bL3{sfnLg g]t[Tj, ;f]+rsf] sdL / g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0fdf c;/ .

bIf hgzlQmsf] 5gf}6 Ifdtf clej[l4sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .

:yfgLo lgsfosf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf sdhf]/ ePsf]

;]jf k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|jfx ug{ g;lsPsf] .

:yfgLo k|ltlglwx?df cf cfkm\gf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ k|lt ;r]tgfsf] sld .bIf k|ljlwssf] sld .hjfkmb]lxtfsf] sld.kf/blz{tf / pQ/bfloTjdf sld .hg;xeflutfsf] sld .

cled'lvs/0f tflndx?sf] k|ofKt Joj:yf ug]{ .bIf sd{rf/lx/sf] 5gf}6 tyf kbk'lt{sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .kf/blz{ tyf pQ/bfoL sfo{ljlw cjnDjg / ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ .k|zf;lgs vr{sf] dfkb08 lgwf{/0f / ljsf; vr{df hf]8 .n}lu+s ;dfgtf tyf ;dfj]zls/0f .

cfGtl/s ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] prLt pkof]u / kl/rfng x'g g;s]sf]

;|f]t ;+sng / kl/rfng ug{ g;lsPsf] .;|f]tsf] sdL .s]Gb|k|lt lg/e/tf .

s/ k2ltsf] ljsf; x'g g;Sg' .s/ / ;]jfsf] cfj4tf x'g g;Sg' .

ljlQo cg'zf;g sfod ug'{kg]{ .s/sf] ;+efJotfsf] cWoog ul/ :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ s/ p7fpg] clwsf/ lbg'kg]{ .s/ / ;]jf ljr cfj4tf ug'{kg]{{ .

xr'jfsf] e/df of]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{ k|j[QL

hgtfdf cfwf/e't ;]jf ;'ljwf k'Ug g;s]sf] .cfjZostf, k|fyldstf, jf:tljstfsf] cwf/df of]hgf klxrf x'g g;Sg' .

;xeflutfTds of]hgf th'{df x'g g;Sg' .

of]hgf 5gf}6df tn b]lv dfyLsf] k4tL cjnDjg ug'{kg]{ .tYYofs+df cfwfl/t of]hgf th'{df k4tL

91

;d:ofx? c;/x? ;df:ofsf sf/0fx? ;dfwfgsf pkfox?cjnDjg ug]{ .

Jojl:yt ;"rgf ;+oGqsf] ljsf; eO{ g;s]sf]

of]hgfsf nfuL cfjZos ;xL tYofs+ pknJe gx'g' .

lhNnf ;"rgf s]Gb|df tYofs+x? cBfjlws x'g g:;Sg' .

lhNnf ;"rgf s]Gb|df tYofs+ cBfjlws ug]{ .

dfgjLo ;+;fwg ljsf;df kof{Kt Wofg gk'u]sf]

u'0f:tl/o ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{df sl7gfO{ .nlIft ju{n] ;dtfd'ns ?kdf ;]jf ;'ljwf kfpg g;s]sf] .

dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;n] k|fydLstf gkfpg' .dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; s]Gb|sf] cefj .

dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ . dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ .

bft[ ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]u tyf ;dGjodf sdL

;fwg ;|f]tsf] pkof]usf] ;'lglZrtf k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] .

nfut cg';f/sf] k|ltkmnsf] ljZn]if0f gul/g' .

nfut cg';f/ k|ltkmnsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ .ljQLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] nfuL bft[ ;+:yfx?;+u kxn ug'{kg]{ .

sdhf]/ cg'udg tyf d"Nofs+g k4tL

u'0f:tl/o ;]jf ;'ljwfx? k|fKt gx'g' .

hgzlQmsf] sdL, k|ltj4tfsf] sdL, k'/:sf/ tyf b08 ;hfosf] cefj .

k"/:sf/ / b08sf] Joj:yf cg'udg / d"Nofs+g s]jn cf}krfl/stfsf nfuL dfq geO{ ;'wf/ / u'0f:t/sf nuL x'g'kg]{ .hgzlQmsf] kl/k"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ .

92

cg';"rL @M cj;/÷;Defjgf ljZn]if0f

-s_ cfly{s ljsf;k|d'v ;+efjgf tyf cj;/x? ;+efljt If]q

tyf :yfgk|ltkmnx?

;'g;/L df]/ª l;rfO cfof]hgf lhNnfsf klZrd blIf0fL uf=lj=;=x?

s[lif{ pTkfbg tyf pkfbsTjdf j[4L, cfDbfgL tyf /f]huf/Ldf j[4L, df6f]sf] pj{/f zlQmdf j[4L

tfhf t/sf/L v]tL tyf ljp pTkfbgdf ljsf; tyf lj:tf/

lhNnfel/ cfo :t/df j[4L tyf ;xh ?kdf jLp cfk'tL{

hl8j'6L ;DjGwL cWog cg';Gwfg u/L h8Lj'6L v]tLdf lj:tf/

lhNnfsf pQ/L e]usf uflj;x?

cfo:t/df j[4L / If]q lj:tf/

hl8j'6L v]ltdf lj:tf/, df}/L kfng Joj;fosf] ;+efjgf


dx pTkfbgsf] ;fy} 3/]n' pBf]usf] lj:tf/

kmnk'mn v]tLsf] pTkfbg tyf lj:tf/

lhNnfel/ cfk"tLdf ;xh, cfo:t/df j[4L

nf]kGd'v jflnx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+Djb{g u/L h}ljs ljlewtf sfod ug{ ;lsg]

lhNnfel/ ;+/If0f / k|j4g

;fgf l;rfO dfkm{t vf2fGgdf j[4L x'g]

lhNnf e/L pTkfbg j[4L

pGgt ufO e};L tyf jfv|f kfng ;d'xdf hf]8 lbO cfo :t/df j[4L

lhNnf e/L b'w / df;'df cfTdlge{/

s'v'/f tyf df5f kfng Joj;fo lhNnf e/L df;'df cfTdlge{/kz'hGo kbfy{df cfwf/Lt k|;f]wg pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgf

lj/f6gu/kflnsf tyf cGo gu/kflnsf / jhf/ s]Gb|x?

/f]huf/Lsf] cjz/ k|fKt x'g'

lzt e08f/sf] :yfkgf u/L pTkfbLt j:t'x?sf] e08f/0f tyf cfo :t/df j[4L


pTkflbt j:t' v]/ ghfg] / cfo:t/df j[4L

xf6 jhf/ :yfkgf tyf s[lif d]nf k|bzgL


pTkfbLt j:t' ;xh ?kdf pknAw / plrt d"No k|fKt

kz'k+lIfjf6 pTkflbt df;', c08f tyf b'wx?sf] ;xh ?kdf cfk'lt{ x'g]


cfo cfh{gdf j[4L:j:ys/ kz'k+lIfhGo j:t'x?sf] cfk'tL{ x'g'

lglh 8]/L pBf]u,;xsf/L 8]/L tyf ;/sf/L 8]/Lsf] ;fy} df;' k|;f]wgs]Gb|x? / ;'wfl/Psf] 8]/L k;n v'Nb} hfg] s|ddf

lhNnf e/L :j:y tyf u'0f:t/ vfB j:t'x?sf] cfk'tL{ x'g' .

93

k|d'v ;+efjgf tyf cj;/x? ;+efljt If]q tyf :yfg

k|ltkmnx?

j[4L x'b} hfg'7"nf 7"nf xf]6n, :s"n, sn]h, snsf/vfgf tyf x:kL6n v'Ng'

lhNnf e/L dfu cfk'tL{df ;xhtf x'g]5 .

lhNnfjf6 lgsf;Lsf] ;Defjgf /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ahf/

j9L pTkflbt kz' tyf k+lIfx?sf] ;xh?kdf cfk'tL{

o"jf hgzlQm ljb]z knfog x'gjf6 /f]lsg]

kz'k+lIfkfng k]zf k|lt cfslif{t x'g] o"jf o'jtLx? pGd'v x'g] . -lhNnf e/L_

o"jf o'jltsf] /f]huf/df j[4L eO cfo cfh{gdf j[4L

ko{6g ljsf;ljdfg:yn lj/f6gu/

ljdfg:yn /f]huf/sf] cjz/

d7 dlGb/, dl:hb, cfbL lhNnf e/L cfo cfh{gtfn tn}of, glb, kfs{ lhNnf e/L cfo cfh{gxf]d :6] lhNnf e/Ldf}lns ;+:s[tL dw]zL /

yf?;d'bfo cfo cfh{g

pBf]u jfl0fHo, a}+lsª / ;xsf/Lhl8j'6L –d]Tyf, n]dgu|f;, snf]e/f], l;6f]gnL cfbL_ ;DjGwL cWog cg';Gwfg u/L hl8j'6L v]tL tyf k|;f]wgdf lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg] .

lhNnf e/L /f]huf/L ;[h{gf, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs lhjgdf ;'wf/

df}/Lkfng Joj;fosf] ;Defjgf lhNnf e/L /f]huf/L ;[h{gf, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs lhjgdf ;'wf/

jgdf cfwfl/t – jfjLof]sf] 8f]/L, ;fnsf] kftsf] 6k/L_ pBf]ux? :


/f]huf/L ;[h{gf, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs lhjgdf ;'wf/

pBf]ux? :yfkgfsf nfuL a}+lsª nufgL j9fpg ;lsg] .


;xsf/Lsf] u'0ffTds tj/jf6 ;'wf/ eO{ Joj;fo nufgLdf j[4L ug{ ;lsg] tyf jhf/Ls/0fdf ;d]t 6]jf k'Ug]


t]nhGo pBf]ux? :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]


sfi7 pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] .


jghGo sRrf kbfy{jFf; ;j} uflj;x?df

jfF; k|ofKt dfqfdf pknJw

;j} uflj;x? jFf;sf d'8f tyf kmlg{r/

94


k|ltkmnx?

x'g'j]t sRrf kbfy{ k|

ofKtdfqfdf kfpg' / o;jf6 lgdf0f{ ePsf ;fdfu|Lsf] dfu x'g'

/fh3f6, O6x/f, OG›k'/ / /ldt]

d'8f tyf kmlg{r/

sf7k|;:t h+un tyf ;fd'bflos jg

k'j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ l:yt pQ/sf] jg r'/] /]GheGbf tNnf] uflj;x?

sf7sf kmlg{r/

k6]/ k6]/ pTkfbg eO{ v]/ uO/x]sf]

j/8+uf O6x/f a]naf/L O6x/f

u'lG› agfpg

;fnsf] kftk|;:t h+un tyf ;fd'bflos jg

k'j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ l:yt pQ/sf] jg r'/] /]GheGbf tNnf] uflj;x?

6k/L tyf b'gf agfpg ;lsg]

jgdf/f k|;:t h+un tyf ;fd'bflos jg

dx]G› /fhdfu{sf] al/kl/sf uflj;x?

jfof] lj|u]6 tyf e/lds dn

lgu'/f]k|;:t h+un tyf ;fd'bflos jg

rf/sf]z] emf8L tyf vf]nfgfnfsf] 5]p5fp

;lAhsf] tyf u'Gb|'s pTkfbg

l;d;fu k|;:t h+un tyf ;fd'bflos jg tyf l;d;f/

a]naf/L kyl/ ao/ag

;lAhsf] tyf u'Gb|'s pTkfbg

cdln;f] k|;:t h+un tyf ;fd'bflos jg

* j6f kxfl8 uflj;x?

s'rf] agfpg

t]hkft k|;:t h+un tyf ;fd'bflos jg

pQ/L kxf8L uflj;x?

d;nf tyf cGo cf}iflwhGo kl/sf/sf] nfuL

cGgafnL ;a} uflj;x? b}lgs pkef]Uo vf2fGgsf] ?kdft/sf/LafnL k|:;t hUuf

hldg;a} uflj;x? t/sf/L v]tL tyf cGo j:t'

kmnkm'n k|:f:t hUuf hldg

;a} uflj;x? crf/ tyf h'; pTkfbgdf ;xof]uL

d;nfafnL k|:;t hUuf hldg

;a} uflj;x? cf}iflw tyf 3/fozL k|of]hgsf nfuL

df5f k|;:t kf]v/L / kf]v/L jgfpg ;Sg] hUuf

$) eGbf al9 uflj;x?

g;{/L e'/f pTkfbg tyf tfhf df5f pTkfbg ug{;lsg]

bnxg tyf k|:;t hUuf ;a} uflj;x? t]n tyf lkgfsf] p2d clg ksfpg 95


k|ltkmnx?

t]nxg hldg nflu clGtd tof/L bfnsf] p2dpv" k;:t pko'Qm

hUufbIfL0f e]usf uflj;x?

lrgL tyf ;v/v08 ePsf] jf h';

h'6 k;:t pko'Qm hUuf

bIfL0f e]usf uflj;x?

emNnf, u'lGb|, 3/]n' 8f]/L tyf cGo k6'jfsf pTkfbg agfpg ;xof]uL l;4 ePsf]

df}/L k;:t kmnk'mn tyf jgh+un

pQ/ e]usf uflj;x?

dx tyf d}g pTkfbgdf ;xof]uL x'g]

lrof aufg tyf pTkfbg

;'xfpbf] kxf8 l;+xb]lj h}ljs lrofsf] xl/of] klQsf]

cn}rL+ ;'xfpbf] kxf8 pQ/L kxf8L uflj;x?

d;nf, cf}iflw tyf cQ/hGo pTkfbgdf o;sf] k|of]u a9fpg ;lsg]

cb'jf ;'xfpbf] kxf8 pQ/L a]N6sf uflj;x?

;'7f], crf/ tyf cf}ifwLhGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbgdf o:sf] k|of]u a9fpg ;lsG5

Rofp v]lt jt{dfg s]lx pBdLx?n] pTkfbg ul//x]sf

;a} uflj;x? t/sf/L tyf crf/ tyf 8«fO{ Rofp

ufO jt{dfg s]lx pBdLx?n] pTkfbg ul//x]sf

lhNnfe/L k'i6sf/L tyf 8]/L j:t'

e};L jt{dfg s]lx pBdLx?n] pTkfbg ul//x]sf

lhNnfe/L k'i6sf/L tyf 8]/L j:t'

s'v'/f jt{dfg s]lx pBdLx?n] pTkfbg ul//x]sf

lhNnfe/L df;' c08f tyf rNnfsf] p2dnfO o:sf] ;Defljt p2dsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5

xfF; jt{dfg s]lx pBdLx?n] pTkfbg ul//x]sf

dx]G› /fhdfu{sf] blIf0fL e]udf /x]sf uflj;x?

df;' c08f tyf rNnfsf] p2dnfO o:sf] ;Defljt p2dsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5

afv|f jt{dfg s]lx pBdLx?n] pTkfbg ul//x]sf

lhNnfe/L df;' tyf kf7f pTkfbgsf nfuL afv|fkfngsf] pBd ;DefAotf a9]/ uPsf] 5 .

;'Fu'/ jt{dfg s]lx pBdLx?n] pTkfbg ul//x]sf

lhNnfe/L Aoa;flos ?kdf a+u'/kfngsf] dfWodfaf6 o; If]qfdf p2d ;DefAotf w]/} g} a9]sf] 5 .

e]8f r/0f If]q k|;:t kxf8L uflj; df;' tyf kf7f pTkfbgsf nfuL 96


k|ltkmnx?

e]8fkfngsf] p2d ;DefAotf a9]/ uPsf] 5

afF;hGo k|;:t jgh+un tyf jf;sf] /f]kgL

lhNnfe/L jf;sf x:tsnf df cfwfl/t ;fdfu|L

u'lG› k/fn tyf k6]/ pTkfbg /x]sf]

lhNnfe/L 3/fozL k|of]hgsf nfuL

d'9f agfpg] jf;, k/fn tyf k6]/ pTkfbg /x]sf]

a/8+uf ky/L zlgZr/]

3/olz k|of]hgsf nflu

9fsL 8fnf k/fn tyf k6]/ pTkfbg /x]sf]

a/8+uf ky/L zlgZr/]

3/olz k|of]hgsf nfuL

d'lt{ df6f] tyf k/fn k|;:t

8fOlgof tyf /+u]nL

k'hf cfhfsf nflu

u'8Lof jhf/ k|ofKt k|d'v jhf/ s]Gb|x?

;hfj6sfnflu

cf/gsf a:t' jhf/ dfu zlgZr/] n]6fª xftxltof/sf] ?kdf k|of]u x'g ;Sg]

xf]d:6];+rfngdf /x]sf]

l;+xb]lj, n]6fª/fhf/fgL, a]tgf a'wgu/s;]lg

ko{6g pBdnfO 6]jf

kf/fuNofOl8Ë

ko{6ssf] ;Defjgf ;+xb]lj k;n tyf xf]d:6]

Eo'6fj/ ko{6ssf] cfudg ;+xb]lj k;n tyf xf]d:6]

l;d;f/ :yfgL ko{6ssf] cfudg

efpGg]k;n tyf xf]d:6]

a'l6s jhf/ dfu pn{faf/L ky/L a]naf/L OG›k'/ b'nf/L

>[uf/hGo p2dsfnfuL pkof]uL

l;nfOs6fO jhf/ dfu l;h'jf s]/faf/L of+lznf ef]u6]lg ky/L zlgZr/]

kf]zfshGo ;fdfgsf] pTkfbg

w'k agfpg] jhf/ dfu pn{faf/L la/f6gu/

k'hfkf7 tyf cGo k|of]hgsf nfuL

kz';]jf k|d'v ;+efjgf tyf cj;/x¿

;+efjgf tyf cj;/x¿sf cfwf/x?

;+efjgf tyf cj;/x¿sf] ;+efljt If]q

;+efjgf tyf cj;/x¿jf6 k|fKt x'g ;Sg] k|

97

tyf :yfg ltkmnx?Joj;flos ufO{ e};L s'v'/f

oftfoft :yflkt Jo=

kmfd{x? 3f+; v]tLsf]

la:tf/ ;]jfs]Gb| tyf

lglh k|fljlwsx?sf] pkl:ylt

/f]huf/L >[hgf,pTkfbg a9\g]s[ifssf] cfly{s l:ylt ;d[4 x'g]

Joj;flos afv|f jg,r/gsf] pknAwtf,:yflkt Jo=kmfd{x?,;]jfs]Gb| tyf lglh k|fljlwsx?sf] pkl;ylt,pknAw ahf/

dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ eGbf pt/L tyf blIf0fL e'efu


Joj;flos j+u'/hghftLx?sf] a;f]af;,:yf= kmd{, ;]jfs]Gb| tyf lglh k|fljlws

s]/fjf/L,n]6f+u,ef]u6]gL, 6f+8L ,ky/L, 8f+ulxf6, ao/jg, x;gbx,kf]v/Lof, demf/], ==


b'Uw k|zf]wg, df;' k|zf]wg, bfgf pBf]u, ln=gf= KnfG6 :yfkgf cfbL

Joj;flos kz'kfng, Joj;flos pTkfbg / ls;fgx?sf] dfu

pk/f]Qm ks]6 If]q

Joj;flos kz'kfngn] ;/n ?kdf cfjZos ;fdfu|L afh/ kfpg'

-v_ ;fdflhs ljsf;lzIff tyf dfgj z+;fwg

k|d'v ;+efjgf tyf cjz/x? ;+efljt If]q tyf :yfg

k|ltkmnx?

sIff sf]7fdf Jojxfl/s / k|of]ufTds lzIf0f l;sfOsf] jftfj/0f

lhNnfsf ;j} ljBfnox?, SofDk;, lzIf0f ;+:yfx?

ljBfly{sf] lzIffdf kx'r x'g]

lzIf0f l;sfOdf k|efjsf/Ltf, ljBfly{ lzIfs ljr ;'dw'/ ;DjGw

lhNnfsf ;j} lzIf0f ;:yfx?df

l;sfO pknlAwdf j[4LJojxf/Ls kl/jt{g

ljBfno pd]/sf ;j} jfnjflnsfx?nfO lzIffsf] cjz/ k|fKt


dWod :t/sf] hgzlQm pTkfbg-b}lgs Jojxfl/s sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]_

lzk ljsf; Ifdtfsf] cjz/ lhNnfsf ;j} ufp, j8f, gu/

hLjg:t/df ;'wf/

ljBfly{, lzIfs, sd{rf/Lsf] pkl:yt b/df j[4L


lzIffsf] :t/ j[4L

db/;f / u'?s'n egf{b/df j[4L, lhNnfsf db/;f, / u'?s'n

lhNnfsf db/;f, / u'?s'nx?sf] z}lIfs :t/df j[4L

?lr, Ifdtf, ;|f]t cg';f/sf] :yfgLo ;d'bfo, cfly{s :t/df ;'wf/98


k|ltkmnx?

sfdsf] ljsf; ufp, ;x/ jhf/cfw'lgs pks/0f / ljlwx? k|of]u

sfo{ If]q -v]tL, Jofkf/, kmd{x?_

pTkfbgdf j[4L

j]/f]huf/L ;d:of qmd; ;dfwfg

:yfgLo ;d'bfo, ufp, zx/, jhf/

cfTdlge{/ gful/s tof/ x'g]

of]Uo / bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg lhNnfsf SofDk;x? pknAw ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pkof]u x'g]

Jojxfl/s lzIffsf] k|fKtL lhNnfsf SofDk;x? s'zn bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg x'g]

o"jf tyf v]ns'bj]/f]huf/ o"jfnfO{ v]ns'bdf nufO ljb]z knfog x'g jf6 /f]Sg]


cfTdlge{/ tyf v]ns'bsf] ljsf;

l8=l8=;L=sf] g]t[Tjdf l8=jfO=Pg= u7g ug'{ kg]{

lhNnf, gu/kflnsf, uf=lj=;=

;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf lgdf{0f eO :yfgLo lgsfon] ug]{ s[ofsnfkdf ;/ntf

o"jf kl/ifw u7g ePdf o"jfsf] ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] cefjdf sdL cfpg]

lhNnf, gu/kflnsf, uf=lj=;=

;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf lgdf{0f eO :yfgLo lgsfon] ug]{ s[ofsnfkdf ;/ntf

nfu'cf}|ifw k|of]u ug]{ b'Jo{;gL sdL Nofpg]


;Eo ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f x'G5, zflGt / cdgrog sfod x'G5 .

/fHoåf/f ;+rfng ul/g] s[ofsnfkdf o"jfnfO ;xeflutf u/fpg' kg]{

lhNnf e/L o"jfnfO hfgsf/L x'g] . /fHosf lgsfox?n] ug]{ s[ofsnfksf] jf/]df o"jfn] ;xhLs/0f ug]{ e'ldsf kfp5

P]g gLlt lgodnfO sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg]

lhNnfe/L o"jfn] cfkm\gf] /f]n kfp5 ., lgsf; kfpg'sf] ;fy} o"jf g]t[Tjstf{ jGg ;S5 .

v]ns'bsf] dxTjsf] jf/]df hgr]tgfsf] ljsf; ug{'


v]ns'bsf] ljsf; x'g'

v]ns'b kl/ifbsf lgsfox?n] rflxg] cfjZos ef}lts ;fdfu|L pknAw u/fpg]

lhNnf v]bs'b sf=, :s"n, sn]h, Snj

;du| v]ns'bsf] ljsf; x'g]

v]nnfO Joj;foLs ?kdf lng' kg]{

lhNnf e/L v]nf8L cfTd lge{/ x'g'

v]n d}bfgsf] cefj x'g' glbg' lj/f6gu/ p=d= ukflnsf tyf cGo gu/kflnsf / jhf/ s]Gb|x?

cfkm\gf] k|ltef k|bz{g ug{ kfpg'b]znfO cGt/fli6«o :t/df lrgfpg'

v]nf8LnfO k|ltef k|bz{g ug]{ cjz/ lbg'

lhNnf :tl/o, If]lqo :tl/o,/fli6«o :tl/o k|ltof]uLtf ug]{

cGt/fli6«o v]ndf 5gf}6 ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]

99


k|ltkmnx?

v]ns'bsf] ljsf; x'bf k|ltefjfg v]nf8Lsf] ;lx d'Nof+sg x'g]

lhNnfe/L 5gf}6 ug{ ;lhnf] x'g], v]nfl8sf] sb/ x'g'

v]ns'b kl/ifw leq ei6frf/ Go"g x'g' kg]{

;DjlGwt lgsfo jf sfof{nox?

v]ns'b ljsf;n] ult lng'

;+:s[lt, snf, efiff, ;flxTo, gLltut, ;fdflhs ;]jf;+:s[ltM yf?, dw]zL, d'l:nd / kxf8L

lhNnf e/L yf?, cjw / d'l:nd ;+:s[ltsf] hu]{gf

snfM x:tsnf, lrqsnf lj/f6gu/ p=d= ukflnsf tyf cGo gu/kflnsf / jhf/ s]Gb|x?

cfo cfh{gdf j[4L / /f]huf/Lko6{ssf] cfsif{0f eO cfly{s ;|f]tsf] j[4L

:jf:Yo, hg;+Vof, kf]if0fj8f j8fdf d=:jf= :j=;]= tyf cfdf ;d'x

;j} lhNnf e/L :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'rdf j[4L

:jf:Yo, lzIff, / ;/;kmfO jLr ;dGjogfTds sfo{df ljsf;

;j} lhNnf e/L cGt/ Ifqut ;dGjodf j[l4

hl8j'6Ljf6 cf}iflw pTkfbg lhNnf cfo'j]{b :jf:Yo s]Gb|

k|fs[lts ;|f]t

;t k|ltzt jRrfx?n] vf]k k|fKt ug'{

;j} If]q ;fO8 c;/ sd x'g'sf ;fy} dfgj :jf:Yodf u'0ffTds j[4L

OR5fPsf] kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;fwg k|of]ustf{n] k|fKt ug'{

;j} lhNnf e/L ;fgf] kl/jf/, ;'vL kl/jf/sf] lgdf{0f

/fli6«o le6fldg P sfo{qmd, cfdf ;'/Iff sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

;j} lhNnf e/L :j:y cfdf / jRrf

u'0f:tl/o :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ;j} lhNnf e/L u'0f:tl/o :jf:Yo ;]jfdf j[4Lvfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;d'bfosf] :jf:Yo cj:yfdf ;s/fTds ;'wf/

lhNnf :t/df Ps 3/ Ps rkL{sf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ ;'wf/ ePsf]

jftfj/l0fo ;'wf/ lhNnf :t/df Ps 3/ Ps rkL{sf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ ;'wf/ ePsf]

/0fg}lgs ?kdf k'/f ePsf] x'g' kg]{

lhNnf :t/df sfo{qmd ;+rfngdf ;xeflutfdf j[4L]

vfg]kfgLdf ljlgof]lht jh]6df jflif{s ?ddf j[4L x'g]

lhNnf :t/df ;dodf jh]6 k|jfx ul/Psf]

cfwf/e"t zt{x? ;lxt dd{t ;+ef/df lgoldt cg'udg

lhNnf :t/df ;d'bfodf rf;f] j9]sf]

vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;d'xsf] Ifdtf, ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf kl/rfng

lhNnf :t/df ;d'xs} cu'jfOdf ;/;kmfO cleofgn] utL lnPsf]

gof vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfdf gLlh wf/f k|0ffnLnfO k|fyldstf lbPsf]

lhNnf :t/df lglh wf/f k|0ffnL ljt/0f ePsf]

lhNnf , gu/kfnLsf sf tyf uf=lj=;= :t/sf vfg]kfgLsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;

lhNnf :t/df lhNnf , gu/kflnsf tyf uf=lj=;=x?df vfg]kfgL :jR5tf, ;+:yfut

100


k|ltkmnx?

ljsf; åf/f ;d'bfodf kl/rfngdlxnfdlxnfx?sf] ;d'x lgdf{0f x'g' .

:yfgLo ;d'bfo x? .:yfgLo lgsfo x? lhNnf el/df g} . Gofolos lgsfo x? :jf:Yo s]Gb| / laBofno x? ;d]t

dlxnf x? zzltms/0f eO{ cfKmgf] clwsf/sf nfuL qmLofl;n x'g]5gdlxnf lx+;f la?4 ;+ul7t ?kdf lqmofl;n eO{ dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfdf sdL cfpg] 5 .dlxnf ;fIf/tf b/ a[l4 eP/ hfg] 5 .cfocfh{g Pj+ /f]huf/d'ns ultlalw ;+rfng ePsf x'g]5g\ .

/fhg}lts bn x? ;d]tdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ax; ;+rfng x'g' .;d'bfo tyf :yfgLo :t/df dlxnf x? ;+ul7t eO dlxnf lx+:ff / clwsf/sf nflu qmLofl;ntf tkm{ pGd'v x'g' .x/]s :yfgdf dlxnf d}qL jftfj/0fsf nflu ax; ;+rfng x'g' .lx+;f lkl8tsf nflu cfjflws u[x x? ;+rfng x'g tkm{ pGd'v x'g' ./fhg}lts bnx? ;d]tdf dlxnf lx+;f la?4 5nkmn / ax; ;+rfng x'g' .lx+;f lkl8tsf nflu cfjflws u[x x? ;+rfng x'g tkm{ pGd'v x'g' ./fhg}lts bnx? ;d]tdf dlxnf lx+;f la?4 5nkmn / ax; ;+rfng x'g' .dlxnf clwsf/ / dlxnf lx+;f la?4sf ;+3 ;:yf / s|Lofsnfk x? ;+rfngdf a[l4 x'b} hfg' jfn jflnsfjfn Snj lgdf{0f x'g' ./fhg}lts bn x? ;d]tdf jfn ;xeflutfsf] ax; ;+rfng x'g' .;d'bfo tyf :yfgLo :t/df jfn jflnsf ;+ul7t eO jfn lx+:ff / clwsf/sf nflu qmLofl;ntf tkm{ pGd'v x'g' .x/]s :yfgdf jfn d}qL jftfj/0fsfnflu ax; ;+rfng x'g' .lx+;f lkl8tsf nflu cfjflws u[x x? ;+rfng x'g tkm{ pGd'v x'g' ./fhg}lts bnx? ;d]tdf jfn lx+;f la?4 5nkmn / ax; ;

:yfgLo ;d'bfo x? .:yfgLo lgsfo x? lhNnf el/df g} . Gofolos lgsfo x? :jf:Yo s]Gb| x? ;d]t .laWofno .

jfnjflnsfx? ;zltms/0f eO{ cfKmgf] clwsf/sf nfuL qmLofl;n xg'sf ;fy} jfn ;fIf/tf b/ a[l4 x'g] .jfn lx+;f la?4 ;+ul7t ?kdf lqmofl;n eO{ jfn lx+;fsf 36gfdf sdL cfpg] .lar}df sIff 5f]8g] ;+Vof 36]sf] x'g]5 .3/ kl/jf/ ;d'bfo / laBofn ;d]t jfn d}lq a[l4 x'g] .jfn >d Go'lgs/0f a[l4 x'g] .jfn Gofo k|0ffnL nfu' eO jfn laafx Go'lgs/0f ePsf]

101


k|ltkmnx?

+rfng x'g' .jfn clwsf/ / jfn lx+;f la?4sf ;+3 ;:yf / s|Lofsnfk x? ;+rfngdf a[l4 x'b} hfg' .

x'g] .jfn jflnsf larsf] e]befj Go'lgs/0f a[l4 x'g] .jfn u[x x? Pj+ jfn x]NknfO{g k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng x'g] .

ckfËtf ckfË ;+3 / dfxf;+3 lgdf{0f x'g' ./fhg}lts bn x? ;d]tdf ckfËtf ;xeflutfsf] ax; ;+rfng x'g' .;d'bfo tyf :yfgLo :t/df ckfËtf ;+ul7t eO ckfË lx+:ff / clwsf/sf nflu qmLofl;ntf tkm{ pGd'v x'g' .x/]s :yfgdf ckfËtf d}qL jftfj/0fsf nflu ax; ;+rfng x'g' .lx+;f lkl8tsf nflu cfjflws u[x x? ;+rfng x'g tkm{ pGd'v x'g' ./fhg}lts bnx? ;d]tdf ckfËtf lx+;f la?4 5nkmn / ax; ;+rfng x'g' .ckfËtf clwsf/ / ckfËtf lx+;f la?4sf ;+3 ;:yf / s|Lofsnfk x? ;+rfngdf a[l4 x'b} hfg' .

:yfgLo ;d'bfo x? .:yfgLo lgsfo x? lhNnf el/df g} . Gofolos lgsfo x? :jf:Yo s]Gb| x? ;d]t .laWofno Pj+ ;fj{hlgs :yn x? .oftfoft / oftfoftsf ;fwg x? .

ckfËtf ePsf JotmL x? zzltms/0f eO{ cfKmgf] clwsf/sf nfuL qmLofl;n x'g]ckfËtf ePsf JotmL x? lx+;f la?4 ;+ul7t ?kdf lqmofl;n eO{ ckfËtf ePsf JotmL x?df x'g] lx+;fsf 36gfdf sdL cfpg] ckfËtf ePsf JotmL x? ;fIf/tf b/ a[l4 eP/ hfg] 5 .lar}df sIff 5f]8g] ;+Vof 36]sf] x'g]5 .3/ kl/jf/ ;d'bfo / laWofn ;d]t jfn d}lq ePsf x'g]5g\ .ckfËtf ePsf JotmL x?sf] zf]if0f Go'lgs/0f ePsf] x'g]5 .ckfËtf Gofo k|0ffnL nfu' ePsf] x'g]5 .ckfËtf d}qL jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ePsf] x'g]5 .

t];|f]lnËL, d'l:nd, blnt, cflbjf;L, hghftL, cNk;+Voshflto e]befj tyf 5'jf5't sfg'g / ;hfo P]g @)^* k|fKtL x'g'

;j} lhNnf e/L hflto lje]bsf] Go"lgs/0f x'g]5 .

/fli6«o blnt cfof]u, lk58f ju{ ;dGjo ;ldlt, cfbLjf;L hghftL pTyfg cfof]u cfbL jGg'

;j} lhNnf e/L nlIft ;d'bfonfO ;'xfpbf] gLlt lgod lgdf{0f x'g'

k|To]s lhNnfdf nlIft ju{ ;dGjo ;ldlt jGg'

;j} lhNnf e/L ;j{;'ne 9+ujf6 ;xh ?kdf

/f]huf/L tyf cWoogdf cf/If0f x'g'

lghfdlt ;]jf, lzIff, k|x/L, ;]gf nufPt ;j} If]qx?df / cWoogsf] nfuL lrlsT;s, OlGhlgo/, jg lj1fg nufot ;j}

/f]huf/Lsf] ;[h{gf, cfodf j[4L, pRr lzIff xfl;n

102


k|ltkmnx?

If]qdf cf/If0fdf Joj:yf x'g]

nlIft ;d'bfo lzk snfsf] wgL x'g'

dfbn, ;f/ËL, kmnfd] ;fdfu|L, h'Qf, r'/f, l;sdL{, 8sdL{

cfTdlge{/ x'g'

k|To]s If]qdf ;dfj]zL gLlt x'g'

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;j} c+u, /fhgLltu If]q, u}Å ;/sf/L cfbL If]qdf ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLsf ?kdf ;xeflutf x'g' kg]{

j]/f]huf/L ;d:ofsf] Go"lgs/0f x'g]

t];|f]lnËL ;d'bfosf] :yfg ;dfhdf ;Ddfgk"j{s x'b} uPsf]

t];|f]lnËL ;d'bfo ;dfhdf lx88'n ug{ kfPsf]

-u_ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;;Defjgf tyf c;/x? cfwf/x? ;Defljt

If]q / :yfgk|ltkmn

! =;8s lhNnfsf k|d'v /fhdfu{x?

;8s laefusf] sfo{qmd df ;dfa]z

g]kfn ;/sf/bft[ lgsfo:yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] pknAwtf

pkef]Uo ;dfgx?;:tf] x'g], :yfgLo pTkfbgn] jhf/ kfpg], cfjt hfjt ug{ ;do sd nfUg], oftfoft ;+rfng vr{ 36\g], ;8s b'3{6gf 36g], /]fhuf/L a9\g], cfly{s lqmofsnfk a9\g]

@=:yfgLo ;8s :yfgLo :t/df ;8s lgdf{0fsf nfuL DTMP tof/

• ;8s lgdf{0f k'/f ug{ ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf]

• hgrf;f]df a[l4 ePsf]

• :yfgLo lgsfo tyf bft[lgsfosf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf]

g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf bft[ lgsfo / :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;xof]u:yfgLo hg;xeflutf

• /f]hufl/sf] ;Defjgfdf a[l4 / :yfgLo pQkfbgn] ahf/ kfpg]

• cf}iflw pkrf/df ;xhtf• ko{6g Aoa;fodf

a[l4 x'g] • hl8a'l6 ;+sng ul/

lab]lz d'b|f cfh{g x'g]

• Aofkfl/s s]Gb|sf] a[l4 eO{ b}lgs pkef]Uo ;fdfg ;lhn} pknAw ug{ ;lsg]

ko{6g tyf hl8a'6L ;+sngsf nfuL ;8sx? lgdf{0f x'g]

:yfgLo lgsfo tyf bft[lgsfosf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf]

103

#=;8s k'n laleGg gbLgfnfdf ;8s k'nx?sf] lgdf{0f

• 8f]nL8f/ / ;8slaefusf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf]

• bft[lgsfosf] rf;f]

g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[ lgsfo, :yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] pknAwtf :yfgLo hg;xeflutf tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;xof]u

• ;8s b'/L sd eO{ l56f]5l/tf] oftfoft ;]jfdf kx'r

• aiff{ofddf klg oftfoft ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg]

• cfly{s tyf Aofkfl/s s]Gb| aGg]

$= ;fa{hlgs lgdf{0flaBfno ejg , :jf=rf}ls,pk :jf=rf}ls, k|z'lt u[x cflb lgdf{0f

g]kfn ;/sf/,bft[ lgsfo / :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf]

g]kfn ;/sf/ • lzIffdf ;xh kx'r / :t/ a[l4• :jf:Yodf ;'ef/

kfs{ k|ltIffno, ;efu[x, v]nd}bfg, 8+lku+ ;fO{6, 9n cfbLsf] qmlds lgdf{0f

g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[ lgsfo / :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf]

g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfo

• :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ • v]ns'bsf] lasf;

ufla; ejg, ;]jf s]Gb|x?sf] lgdf{0f

g]kfn ;/sf/,bft[ lgsfo / :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf]

g]kfn ;/sf/ • ;]jf k|jfxdf k|efjsfl/tf

lj/f6gu/ Pc/kf]6{ k"jf{Grn If]qsf] s]Gb|

g]kfn ;/sf/ • oftfoft tyf ko{6gdf j[l4

wfld{s tyf ko{6lso :ynx?sf] ;+/If0fdf :yfgLo rf;f]df j[l4

• pko'Qm ef}uf]lns cl:ylt / cfj:os hg;+Vof ePsf]

• wfld{s :ynsf] dxTj k|lt hgrf;f]df a[l4

bft[ lgsfo:yfgLo hg;xeflutf:yfgLo lgsfosf] ;xof]u

• ko{6gdf j[l4 eO{ cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/

6]lnkmf]g,l6=le=/]l8of],kqklqsfsf] ;]jfdf :t/pGgtL eO{ ;+/rgf k|lalwdf Aofks ;'wf/

• ;/sf/sf] ;sf/fTds ;+rf/ lgtL

• ;"=rgf k|ljlwdf a9\bf] nufa

• gljgtd ;"rgf k|lalwsf] lasf;

• pko'Qm ef}uf]lns

g]kfn ;/sf/bft[ lgsfolghL If]q

• e/kbf]{ / ;:tf] ;+rf/ ;]jfsf] pknAwtf • gljgtd ;"rgf k|lalwsf] lasf; • /f]hufl/df a[l4 x'g]

104

cjl:ylt l;rfO{ tyf phf{l;+lrt If]qsf] la:tf/ eO{ vfB pTkfbgdf a[l4

• lhNnfdf ePsf 7'nf tyf ;;fgf gbLgfnfx?

• v]tLof]Uo e'ld %! k|ltzt x'g'

• hn;|f]t P]g, l;rfO{ lgtL

g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfosfbft[ lgsfo / :yfgLo hg;xeflutf

• vfB ;'/Iff • cfocfh{gdf j[l4 tyf

ul/aL 36\g]• /sd lab]l;gaf6 aRg'

;f]nf/ phf{sf] k|of]u a9\g]

;/sf/sf] d'Vo k|fyldstfdf k/]sf]

• nf]8;]l8u+ d'Qm x'g]

hn pTkGg k|sf]kafl9 klx/f] lgoGq0f x'g]

• e'Ifo lgoGq0f sfof{nosf] :yfkgf

• HAZARD MAPPING sf] tof/L

g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[ lgsfo:yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] pknAwtf, :yfgLo hg;xeflutf / :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;xof]u

• v]tLof]Uo e'ld hf]lug]

• wghg Ifltdf Go"gLs/0f

• /fxt p2f/ / arfp sfo{df vr{ x'g] wg/flz hf]lug]

;+rf/ 6]lnkmf]g, l6=eL=,/]l8of] kqklqsf sf] ;]jfdf :t/f]Gglt e} ;'rgf k|ljlwdf Jofks ;'wf/

;/sf/sf] ;sf/fTds ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ gLtL, ;"rgf k|ljwLdf a8\bf] nufj, gljgtd ;'rgf k|ljwLdf ljsf; ,pko'Qm ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, Information village concept sf] ljsf; x'g'

g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[ ;+:yf, lghL If]q

e/kbf{] / :t/Lo ;+rf/ ;]jfsf] pknAwtf, ;:tf] gljgtd k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg x'g], /f]huf/L a9\g] .

-3_ jg tyf jftfj/0f ;d'xjg

;+efjgf tyf cj;/x? cfwf/x? ;+efljt :yfg ÷If]q

k|ltkmn

lhNnfsf] s'n lhNnfsf] ;|f]t ;j] lhNnfe/ jgsf] plrt Joj:yfkg 105


k|ltkmn

If]qkmnsf] #( k|ltzteGbf jl9 jgIf]qn] cf]u6]sf]

{If0fsf] gSzf dfkm{t jftf/0f ;+/If0f / :yfgLo ;d'bfox?sf] cfocfh{gdf j[l4

lhNnfsf] s'n jgIf]qsf] #& k|lt;t jgIf]q ;fd'bflos jgsf] ?kdf Joj:yfkg

lhNnfe/ ^( j6f ;fd'bflos jgx? x:tfGt/0f;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkg

lhNnfe/ ;d'bfosf] jg k}bfjf/sf dfu kl/k'lt{jg k}bfjf/ ljlqmjf6 ;d'bfosf] cfo cfh{gjg ljsf; tyf ef}lts ljsf;df ;xof]u

jgn] sfj{g pT;h{g Go"gLs/0fdf dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf v]Ng] x'+bf ;fd'bflos tyf /fli6«o jgx?n] REDD ;+oGq dfkm{t sfj{g Jofkf/df hfg] ;+efjgf

lhNnfe/sf ;fd'bflos jgx?sf] ;|f]tdfkgRA jf6 /fli6«o jgsf] ;|f]t dfkgBaseline date tof/Lsf] r/0fdf;d'x ;r]tgfdf j[l4

lhNnfe/ jg ljgfz / jgsf] Iflos/0f /f]s]/ sfj{g pT;h{g sd u/] jfkt /fHon] tyf ;f=j=x?n] eQmfgL k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]

dxTjk'0f{ hl8j'6L k|hftLsf] In-situ ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg tyf lghL hUufdf v]lt lj:tf/

lhNnfdf dxTjk'0f{ h8Lj'6L kfOg] ljleGg cWoogx?n]] b]vfPsf]

lhNnf el/ h8Lj'6Lsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg cfocfh{gdf j[l4/fhZjdf j[l4

dxTjk'0f{ u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/x?s]f k|zf]wg tyf Value addition

u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ gLtL @)^! sf] k|fyldstf If]qo; k"j{ klg s]xL k|of; e};s]sf

lrp/Lsf] k|zf]wg– l/7\7f k|zf]wgnf]stfjf6 g]kfnL sfuh jgfpg;Sg] ;j} uflj;

h8Lj'6Lsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg cfocfh{gdf j[l4/fhZjdf j[l4

j[xt hnfwf/ Basin approachDff hnfwf/ ;+/If0f

g]kfnsf] d"Vo glb cg';f/

;]tL glbsf] hnfwf/ If]q

j[xt:t/df hnfwf/ / jftfj/0f ;+/If0fpTkfbsTj j[l4cfodf j[l4

j[xt :t/df Hfnjfo' cg's'ng sfo{qmd

gLltut cfwf/j}b]lzs ;xof]u

sfo{qmd nfu' ePsf If]q

Hfnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTs c;/x?df sdLkfgLsf ;|f]t ;+/If0fjbln+bf] kl/l:ytL ;'xf+pbf] s[lif jfnLsf] ljsf;

;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgfx? s}of} :yfgLo glbgfnfx?

lhNnfe/ lb3{sflng?kdf ;:tf] / ;'ne ljB't ;]jf

106


k|ltkmn

kfgL 36\6x? ;fgf gfnfx? lhNnfe/ cGg lk;fpgsf nflu ;'ne ;]jf

;'wfl/Psf] r"Nxf]x? :yfgLo ;|f]tx? h:t} O6f, df6f], bfp/f cflb

lhNnfe/ 3/leqsf] w'jf lgd'{Nf x'g':jfYo tyf cfly{s ljsf;

;fd'bflos ;f]nf/ 3gf j:tLx? cfly{s lx;fjn] ;'xfp+bf j:tLx?

cfly{s ef/ sdJolQmut?kdf /fVbf eGbf ;:tf]

;fd'bflos jgx?sf] sfj{g Jofkf/df ;xeflutf

REDD ;oGqsf] ljsf;lgod, sfg'gx?sf] tof/L

lhNnfe/ cfTdlge{/ ;f=j=x? / ;f=j=p=;=dxf;+3

1fg l;ko'Qm dfgjLo ;+zfwg ljsf;

;~rflnt tflnd, uf]i7L, cWoog e|d0fx?

lhNnfe/ 1fg l;ko'Qm dfgj ;+zfwgjf6 ;fdflhs ljsf;df 6]jf

k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg ;DjlGw jGg] / jg]sf gLlt lgodx?df hgtfsf kIfdf yk k}/jL

xfn;Dd e}/x]sf k|of;Dffgj ;+zfwg ljsf;

lhNnfe/ Hfgd}qL gLlt lgod lgdf0f{df ;xof]u

ljkb Joj:yfkgk|d'v ;Defjgf cfwf/ If]q jf :yfg k|ltkmnlhNnfsf ;8s ;~hfn lj:tf/ eO/x]sf]

PDa'n]G; ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/tf / kx'Frdf a[l4

;8sn] 5f]Psf gkf tyf uflj;x?

lkl8tn] ;dod} pkrf/ kfpg]

csfn d[To'af6 hf]lug]

cfsl:ds /Qm ;~rf/ ;]jf ;~rfngdf /x]sf]

/Qmbftfx? klxrfg u/L ;]jf lbOg] -k|x/L, ;]gf, /]8qm;_

lhNnf c:ktfn zNolqmof ;lxtsf] pkrf/ ;]jf k|jfxaf6 csfn d[To'df sdL

lhNnf ljkb of]hgf th'{df

ljkb p2f/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng

lhNnfel/ ljkb p2f/ x'g]

lhNnf ljkb p2f/ ;ldlt u7g ePsf]

ljkb If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;F:yfx?sf] pknAwtf

NDRT, DDRT tflnd k|fKt hgzlQm

g]kfn /]8qm;sf] lhNnf zfvf, pkzfvf

cfsl:ds ;]jf lbg ;lsg]

-ª_ ;+:yfut ljsf; k|d'v ;+efjgf tyf cj;/x¿ cfwf/x? ;+efljt If]q

tyf :yfg k|ltkmnx?lglh If]q ,gful/s ;dfh tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+3 ;+:yfx?n]

lhNnfdf lqmofl;n pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, u};;x?, gful/s ;dfh,;fd'bflos

pBf]u, xf]6n Jojzfo, lzIff, :jf:Yo vfg]kfgL

;]jf k|jfxdf k|efjsfl/tf cfO{ sfddf bf]xf]/f]kgf x6g

107

ljsf;sf] ;du| ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g sfod ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg] .

;+3 ;+:yfx? ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/sf ?kdf /x]sf .

tyf ;/;kmfO{ nufotsf ljleGg If]qx? .

uO{ Plss[t ?kdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g] ., nlIft pknlJw xfl;n ug{ ;lhnf] ., ;Dk'0f{ txdf c;n zf;g k|0ffnL :yfkLt x'g] .

:yfgLo lgsfox?n] cfGtl/s cfo;|f]t j[l4 ug{ ;lsg]

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodfjnLn] lbPsf clwsf/ .

:yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lx?, lhNnfdf cfoft ul/g] ;fdfu|Lx? Pj+ lgof{t ul/g] pTkfbgx? ., /fh:j af+8kmf+8 jf6 k|fKt yk /fh:jsf If]qx?

:yfgLo lgsfox?sf] cfly{s cj:yf ;jn x'g]5 .cfTd lg/e/tf tkm{ cu|;/ x'g]5 .

lhNnfsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ ;j} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?, u};;x?, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+3;+:yfx?sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df ul/ Plss[t ?kdf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] .

s]lx If]qx?sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df eP]sf] .lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu ;j}sf] pQLs} cle?lr Pj+ pQ/bfloTj .

lhNnf leqsf ;j} ljifout sfof{nox? u};;, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 ;+rfng ul/g] ljleGg sfo{qmdx? .

Plss[t ?kdf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] .lhNnfsf] dfunfO{ ;+jf]wg ub}{ sfo{qmdnfO{ nlIft ;d'bfo ;dd k'of{pg ;lsg] .

bft[ ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]usf] ;+efjgf

bft[ ;+:yfsf sfo{qmdx? - bft[ ;+:yfx/ nufgL ug{df k|ltj4_ ;+rfngdf /x]sf .

ul/lj gS;fÍgsf cfwf/df k5f8L k/]sf uf+p a:tLx? .

ul/jL Go'lgs/0fdf ;xof]u ./f]huf/Ldf cj;/df al4 .:j:Yo hLjgofkg .

lglh tyf ;fem]bf/L cjwf/0fsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] .

lhNnfdf lghL, ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? sfo{/t /xg' ., ;xsfo{sf k|z:t cj;/x? x'g' .

pBf]u, k'jf{wf/ lgdf{0f,t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n v]tL .

of]hgfj4 9+un] sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g] .;fembf/Ldf j[l4 x'g] .

cg'udg tyf d"Nofs+g k2tLnfO{ ;+:yfut u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] .

;Dk'0f{ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?df .

u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ ;lsg] .lbuf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'Ug] .;|f]t tyf ;fwgsf] ;d'lrt

108

pkof]u x'g] .

109

cg";'rL – #Mljifout of]hgfsf k|d'v sfo{qmd / k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgfx?ljifout of]hgfx? cg';f/ g} To; ljifo If]qsf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ klg cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f

tyf ljkb Joj:yfkg / ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] pk–lzif{sx?df ljefhg u/L k|To]s ljifo If]qsf] sfo{qmdx?nfO{ 5'§f5'§} ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . cfly{s ljsf; lzif{sdf s[lif, kz', pBf]u, ko{6g / ;xsf/L ljsf; sfo{qmdx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ;fdflhs ljsf; lzif{sdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, dlxnf afnaflnsf, o"jf tyf v]ns"b / ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df ;8s oftfoft, vfg]kfgL, ljB't, l;+rfO{nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf jg tyf jftfj/0f, j}slNks phf{ tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{g k|efj cg's'ng / ljkb Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd /flvPsf 5g\ . ;+:yfut ljsf;df lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf;sf ;+:yfutsf sfo{qmdx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . vf;u/L :yfgLo lgsfo ;Da4 If]q tyf ;]jfk|bfosx?sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4, ljleGg ljifo If]qsf] u'? of]hgf, sfo{ljlw tof/L / cWoog cg';Gwfg h:tf sfo{qmdx? o; pk–lzif{sdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ .

#=! cfly{s ljsf;

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo lhDd

]jf/ lgsfo

;xof]uL lgsf

o

jh]6 ? xhf/df;|f]t Joxf]g]{ lgsfo -?=

xhf/df_

klxnf]

aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{hDdf g]kfn

;/sf/bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

s[lif ljsf; wfg v]lt pTkfbg sfo{qmd

xhf/ d]=6g 320 342 360 388 404

lhs[ljsf

lh lj ;, u}X ;/sf/L lgsfox?, a}s

15873 18413 21359 24776 28741 109162 87330 21832

ds} v]tL pTkfbg sfo{qmd

xhf/ d]=6g 80 86 90 97 101 9768 11331 13144 15247 17687 67177 53742 13435

uxF' v]lt pTkfbg sfo{qmd

xhf/ d]=6g 35 37 39 42 44 8547 9915 11501 13341 15476 58780 47024 11756

kmnkm'n v]lt pTkfbg sfo{qmd

xhf/ d]=6g

45 48 52 55 59 10989 12747 14787 17153 19897 75574 60459 15115

93

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo lhDd

]jf/ lgsfo

;xof]uL lgsf

o


xhf/df_

klxnf]

aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{hDdf g]kfn

;/sf/bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

t/sf/L v]lt pTkfbg sfo{qmd

xhf/ d]=6g 120 12

8 137 147 157 13431 15580 18073 20965 24319 92368 73895 18474

df5f pTkfbg sfo{qmd

xhf/ d]=6g 4.5 7 10 15 23 10989 12747 14787 17153 19897 75574 60459 15115

Rofp tyf dx pTkfbg sfo{qmd

xhf/ d]=6g 120 15

6 203 264 343 8547 9915 11501 13341 15476 58780 47024 11756

hDdf 78144 90648 105152

121976

141493

537415

429933 10748

3kz';]jf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lasf; k6s 2 2 2 2 2

lhk;]sf=

8640 10022 11626 13486 15644 59418 47535 11884

ks]6 Kofs]h la:tf/ k6s 6 7 7 6 7 5880 6821 7912 9178 10647 40438 32350 8088

kz' cfxf/f tyf 3f+; v]tL x]= 250 32

5 375 425 500 1400 1624 1884 2185 2535 9628 7702 1926

kz' k|hgg tyf s[lqd uef{wfg xhf/ 32 34 36 39 42 1500 1740 2018 2341 2716 10316 8253 2063

kz'k+IfL afhf/ k|a4{g k6s 1 1 1 1 1 1380 1601 1857 2154 2499 9490 7592 1898

/f]u lgoGq0f pkrf/ xhf/ 48 53 58 62 57 1632 1893 2197 2547 2955 11224 8979 2245

tfnLd tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f hjfg 230 24

5 255 265 276 1425 1653 1918 2224 2850 9800 7840 1960

hgr]tgf k6s 1 1 1 1 1 350 406 471 546 634 2407 1926 481

94

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo lhDd

]jf/ lgsfo

;xof]uL lgsf

o


xhf/df_

klxnf]

aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{hDdf g]kfn

;/sf/bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

clea[lw tyf k|rf/ k|;f/pBf]u :yfkgf k6s 1 1 1 17 20 23 27 31 117 94 23;'zf;g k|a4{g k6s 1 1 1 1 1 475 551 639 741 860 3267 2613 653u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f tyf lgodg

k6s 1 1 1 1 1 250 290 336 390 453 1719 1375 344

hDdf 22949 26621 30881 35819 41554 157824 126259 31565

n3' 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u

;Lk ljsf; tfnLd hgf 150 165 180 200 220 4212 4886 5667 6574 7626 28965 23172 5793pBf]u k|j4{{g ;+Vof 125 137 151 166 183 7631 8852 10268 11911 13817 52479 41984 10496sfo{qmd ;+Rffng cg'udg lg/LIf0f

k6s 6 6 6 6 6 2440 2830 3283 3809 4418 16780 13424 3356

pBdL ljsf; sfo{s|d -pBdL tof/L tyf /f]huf/L >[hgf_

k6s 120

200 300 400 500 lh=3=lj=sf=

1000 1100 1200 1300 1500 6100 3660 2440

cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0f d}qL k|jw{g tyf k|lzIffly{ /f]huf/ Joa:yfkg sfo{s|d

k6s 120

132 145 160 176

200 224 251 281 315 1271 763 508

pBf]u :yfkgf k6s 300 300 300 300 300 4000 4400 4840 5324 5865 24429 14657 9772

95

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo lhDd

]jf/ lgsfo

;xof]uL lgsf

o


xhf/df_

klxnf]

aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{hDdf g]kfn

;/sf/bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

gof n3' pBdL ;[hgf hgf 485

535 588 665 7119620 11159 12945 15016 17418 66159 48800 17358

pBdlzntf tflnd k6s 25 28 30 33 37 300 348 404 468 543 2063 1238 825

n]vf Joj:yfkg tflnd k6s 25

28 30 33 37500 580 673 780 905 3438 2063 1375

pBdLx?nfO{ k|ljwL x:tfGt/0f 25

28 30 3236

lh=3=lj=sf= 2590 2980 3457 4011 4652 17052 14043 3769

hDdf 32493 37383 43016 49506 57097 219496 163804 55692

;xsf/L

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo

lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

;xof]uL lgsf

o


xhf/df_klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

hDdf

g]kfn ;/sf/

bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

u|fld0f :t/df C0f k|kfx ug]{ 3'lDt;]jfsf ljlQo ;+:yfx? tyf cGo ;xsf/L ;+:yf

;+Vof

20 35 50 65 80 ;xsf/L ;+3x? 4500 5175 5951 6844 7871 30341 22756 7585

s[lif ljsf; a}s C0f k|jfx ;d"x 50 85 50 50 80 s[lif ljsf; a}s 600 800 850 9000 1000 12250 9187.5 3062.5

jfl0fHo a}+s C0f k|jfx ? Nffvdf 60 80 60 60 70 /f=jf=a}+s 500 700 750 8000

100010950 8212.5 2737.

5

;d'xx?sf] ;xsf/Ls/0f . ;d"x 417 400 385 375 367 ;xsf/L l8= sfof{no 100 150 200 250 300 1000 750 250

;xsf/L v]tLsf] lj:tf/ . ;+Vof 5 7 10 12 15 ;xsf/L l8= 250 275 300 350 400 1575 1181.2 393.7

96

sfof{no 5 5;'ky d'Nosf ;xsf/L k;n ;+rfng .

;+Vof2

5 8 12 15;xsf/L l8= sfof{no 600 650 700 750

8003500 2625 875

;xsf/L ;r]tgf cleofg k6s 60 60 60 60 60;xsf/L l8= sfof{no 1200 1380 1587 1825 2099 8091 6068.2

5 2022.75

;xsf/L Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd -n]vf, Joj:yfkg, g]t[Tj, ;'zf;g, Joj;flos of]hgf cflb_

k6s100

100 100 100 100

;xsf/L l8= sfof{no 2000 2300 2645 3042 3498 13485 10113.

75 3371.25

;xsf/L cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f k6s 10 10 10 10 10;xsf/L l8= sfof{no 2000 2300 2645 3042 3498 13485 10113.

75 3371.25

;xsf/L ;+:yfut ljsf; ;+Vof 15 15 15 15 15;xsf/L l8= sfof{no 10500 12075 13886 15969 18365 70795 53096.

25 17698.75

;xsf/L cg'udg k6s 8 8 8 8 8;xsf/L l8= sfof{no 1000 1150 1323 1521 1749 6743 5057.2

5 1685.75

hDdf 23250 26955 30837 50593 40580 172215 129161.3 4305

3.75

ko{6g

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo

lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

;xof]uL

lgsfo


xhf/df_klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{hDdf g]kfn

;/sf/bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

k|j]z4f/ lgdf{0f ;+Vof 1 2 2 2 2 g]kfn ;/sf/, lhlj; /

gu/kflsfx?

1500 1650 3600 3800 2000 12550 8785 3765kfs{ tyf pBfg lgdf{0f ;+Vof 1 2 2 2 2

1000 2000 2000 2500 2500 10000 7000 3000

ko{6lso j; Joj:yfkg ;+Vof 2 4 4 5 5 50 60 70 80 90 350 245 105;fj{hlgs ;f}rfno lgdf0f ;+Vof 10 10 10 10 10

100 110 120 140 150 620 434 186

;'rgfs]Gb| lgdf{0f ;+Vof 1 2 1 1 1 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 5000 3500 1500ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf;(Trekking route) uf]6f 9 15 19 21 25 21540 24986 28984 33622 39001 14813

310369

3 44440

tfnLd cWoog k| uf]6f 2 3 4 5 6 890 1032 1198 1389 1611 6120 4284 1836

97

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo

lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

;xof]uL

lgsfo


xhf/df_klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{hDdf g]kfn

;/sf/bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

j4{gxf]6n lgd{0f / Joj:yfkg

;+Vof 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 250000 0 300000 55000

016500

0 385000

ko{6lso gS;f tof/ ug]{ ;]6 5 7 8 9 10 100 110 120 140 150 620 434 186

j'sn]6, j|f];/ tof/ ug]{ ;]6 5 7 8 9 10 500 550 600 650 600 2900 2030 870

lrq, ;lrq, >j b[io ;]6 5 7 8 9 10 100 110 120 140 150 620 434 186hgr]tgf clej[4L k6s 5 7 8 9 10 400 440 500 550 600 2490 1743 747d7 dlGb/, wfld{s :yn ;+/If0f

;+Vof 5 7 8 9 10 100 110 120 130 140 600 420 180

tfn tn}of / k|s[ltsf] ;+/If0f

;+Vof 5 7 8 9 10 4000 4500 5000 6000 7000 26500 18550 7950

hDdf 31280 36658 293432 50141 354992 76650

331655

2 64951

e'ldut hn l;+rfO

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo lhDd

]jf/ lgsfo

;xof]uL lgsf

o


xhf/df_klxn

f] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{hDdf g]kfn

;/sf/

bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

:ofnf] l8k 6\o'jj]n l;+rfO{

uf]6f 400 400 450 500 550 e'ldut hn;|f]t l;+rfO kl/of]

27400 31784 36869 42769 49612 188434 150747 37687

98

hgfs[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL ln=, df]/u+

o'/Lof d]= 6g 7000 7700 7900 8200 850

0 s[lif ;fdu|L sDkg

L ln=, df]/u

+

lh lj ;, lh

s[ lj sf, lh k| sf

50000 59000 69620 82152 96939 357710 357710 1073131

8L P kL d]= 6g 5000 5500 6000 6500 700

0 37500 44250 52215 61614 72704 268283 268283 804849

kf]6f; d]= 6g 400 500 550 600 650 28000 33040 38987 46005 54286 200318 200318 600954

s[lif r'g d]= 6g 40 50 55 50 50 8000 9440 11139 13144 15510 57234 57234 171701

hDdf 123500

145730

171961

202915

239439

883545

883545 26506

35

99

#=@ ;fdflhs ljsf;lzIff tyf dfgj ;+;fwg

sfo{qmd OsfO{

cfjlws of]hgfsf sfo{qmdx?sf] nIo jh]6 -?=xhf/df_hDdf

klxn

f]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]

aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

Affnljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf ;+Vof

50 100 150 200 250 lh=lz=sf=

1800 1980 2000 2200 2420 10400

afnljsf; s]Gb|x¿sf] gS;fª\sg / k'glj{t/0f k6s

5 6 6 7 7616 677 684 752 828 3557

gd'gf afnljsf; s]Gb| 5gf}6 sfo{qmd

;+Vof

45 50 54 60 66275 302 305 336 369 1586

cleefjs lzIff sfo{qmd ;~rfng k6s 2 2 2 3 3 670 737 744 818 900 3869

clgjfo{ k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmd ;+Vof

10 20 30 35 402000 2200 2250 2500 2750 11700

ljBfno egf{ tyf :jfut sfo{qmd -:s'n ;+Vof_

;+Vof

75 100 125 150 175100 125 150 175 200 750

5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd -blnt, 5fqf, Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+qmldt k|efljt, ckf+u_ ;a} ljBfno -uflj;_

;+Vof

500 750 1000 1200 150010000 12500 15000 17500 20000 75000

k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf ;+Vof

5 10 15 20 25500 525 550 575 600 2750

k':tsfno :yfkgf ;+Vof

200 300 400 500 75035000 40250 46288 53231 61215 235983

ljBfno gS;f+sg -uflj;_ ;+Vof

25 50 75 100 1252500 5000 7500 10000 1250 26250

;fdflhs gS;f+sg ;+Vof

100 150 175 200 250500 550 600 650 700 3000

SofDk; ;~rfng tyf ef}lts ;+/rgf dd{t / ;'wf/

;+Vof

1 1 1 1 1500 750 1000 1250 1500 5000

j}slNks ljBfno :yfkgf -cgf}krfl/s ljBfno, v'nf ljBfno, u[x0fL ljBfno_

;+Vof

6 10 15 18 206000 7000 7500 8000 9000 37500

:yfgLo kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\o ;fdu|L lgdf{0f

ljBfno

16 20 25 30 40 11000 12000 12008 12016 12024 59048

100

sfo{qmd OsfO{

cfjlws of]hgfsf sfo{qmdx?sf] nIo jh]6 -?=xhf/df_hDdf

klxn

f]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]

aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lzIfs Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd ;+rfng ;+Vof 400 450 500 550 870 1600 2200 2800 3400 4000 14000

sDKo'6/ lzIff -:s'n ;+Vof_;

+Vof50 75 100 125 125

500 550 575 600 625 2850

kf}li6s cfxf/ sfo{qmd -ljBfno ;+Vof_

;+Vof

10 30 35 50 10045000 16300 61300 65000 75000 262600

ljBfno ejg tyf gofF sIff sf]7f lgdf{0f

;+Vof 745 1120 1415 1740 1216 220500 253575 291611

335352

385655 1486694

5fqf zf}rfno lgdf{0f ;+Vof

200 300 400 500 53325000 28750 33063 38022 43725 168560

;Lk s]Gb| :yfkgf ;+Vof

2 3 4 5 6 :yfgLo lgsfo 4000 4480 5018 5620 6294 25411

o'jfx¿sf nflu ;Lk ljsf; tflnd ;~rfng k6s 80 100 120 140 160 16000 17920 20070 22479 25176 101646:j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng k6s 10 20 30 40 50 5000 5600 6272 7025 7868 31764lhNnf:t/df o'jf ;Dd]ng k6s 5 5 5 5 5000 5600 6272 7025 7868 31764

lhNnf o'jf sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ;+Vof

1 1 1 1 15000 5600 6272 7025 7868 31764

k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ;+Vof

1 2 5 7 101500 1680 1882 2107 2360 9529

wfld{s ljBfnox?df kf7\o k"Zts k|sfzg / kf7\o ;fdfu|L ljt/0f

2 4 6 7 11

1000 1200 1440 1728 2074 7442

wfld{s ljBfnox?df lzIfs tflnd ;

+Vof10 15 20 30 50

100 120 144 173 207 744

wfld{s ljBfnox?df 5fqj[QL k|bfg;

+Vof50 100 150 200 500

500 600 720 864 1037 3721wfld{s ljBfnox?df vfhf Joj:yfkg b}gLs

;+Vof

1 1 1 1 1

500 600 720 864 1037 3721wfld{s ljBfnox?df z}lIfs cGt{s[of k6s 1 2 3 4 5 100 110 130 150 180 670

hDdf 402761 429481 534868 607437 684730 2659273

:jf:Yo, hg;+Vof / kf]if0f 101

sfo{qmd OsfO{

cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo jh]6 -?=xhf/df_hDdfklxn

f]aif{

bf]>f]aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]aif{

t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]aif{

kf+rf}

jif{/fli6«o lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo sfo{qmd hgf 15000 16500 18150 19965 21962

lhh:jfsf,

c:ktfn, cf:jfs], /]8qm;

62710 72117 82934 95374 109680 422815

:jf:Yo ;]jf;DaGwL ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ÷cled'lvs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmd

k6s 4500 4950 5445 5990 6588 138000 158700 182505 209881 241363 930449

k|hgg\ :jf:Yo tyf dlxnf :jf:Yo sfo{qmd uflj; 60 66 73 80 88 165000 189750 218213 250944 288586 111249

3

PsLs[t afn :jf:Yo sfo{qmd hgf 15000 16500 18150 19965 21962 72200 83030 95485 109807 126278 486800

Olkl8dLof]nf]hL, cf}nf], sfnfh/ lgoGq0f hgf 500 550 605 666 732 1320 1518 1746 2008 2309 8900

xflQkfOn] /f]u lgoGq0f hgf 15000 16500 18150 19965 21962 9500 10925 12564 14448 16616 64053

k|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd k6s 100 110 121 133 146 4500 5175 5951 6844 7871 30341

:jfYo lzlj/x¿ ;~rfng ug]{ j6f 250 275 303 333 366 75000 86250 99188 114066 131175 505679

:jf:Yo ;DaGwL lbj;Lo sfo{qmd / ;d'bfo ;r]tLs/0f

;+Vof 85 95 105 117 131 8000 9225 10639 12271 14155 54289

;fyL lzIfs kl/rfng sfo{qmd hgf 1000 1100 1210 1331 1464 8000 9200 10580 12167 13992 53939

ufpF3/ lSnlgs tyf vf]k lSnlgs k'g{of]hgf tyf cf}ifwL pks/0f cfk"lt{

;+Vof

350 385 424 466 512 5460 6279 7221 8304 9550 36813

Ifdtf clej[l4;DaGwL tflnd k6s 160 192 230 277 331 25700 29555 33988 39086 44950 173279

ljBfno :jf:Yo lzIff sfo{qmd;+Vof

300360 430 518 622

2500 3000 3600 4320 5184 18604

:jf:Yo ;+:yf lgdf{0fsf] hUufsf] Joj:yfkg

;+Vof

2024 29 35 41

:yfgLo lgsfo ÷hUufbftf, :yfgLo lgsfo

20000 22000 24200 26620 29282 122102

cf}ifwL vl/b k6s 25 30 36 43 52 32500 35750 39325 43258 47583 198416

pks/0f, kmlg{r/ vl/b k6s 5 6 7 9 10 30000 33000 36300 39930 43923 183153

rf}aL;} 306f k|;'tL ;]jf s]Gb| :Yffkgf

;Vof 15

18 22 26 3145000 49500 54450 59895 65885 274730

102

sfo{qmd OsfO{


f]aif{

bf]>f]aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]aif{

t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]aif{

kf+rf}

jif{;r]tgfd"ns tyf cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng

Ufflj;= 35 35 35 35 35

lhh:jfsf, RCDC, DACC

4000 4800 5760 6912 8294 29766

HCT ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ :jf:Yo ;+:yf;

+Vof

45 6 7 8

3600 4320 5184 6221 7465 37208

;+qmldtx¿nfO{ x]/rfx tyf pkrf/df ;xof]u hgf 150

180 216 259 3111000 1200 1440 1728 2074 40185

;"lt{hGo kbfy{sf] lgoGq0f k6s 100 120 144 173 207 cfo'j]{b :jf:Yo s]Gb|

500 560 627 702 787 3176

g;g]{ /f]u /f]syfdsf] nflu ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd k6s 3

4 4 5 6500 560 627 702 787 3176

hDdf 719990 822014 938799107251

3122565

7482213

0

dlxnf, jfnjflnsf, nlIft tyf v]ns'b

sfo{qmd

O{sfO{

cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo jh]6 -?=xhf/df_hDdf

klxn

f]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]

aif{kf+rf}

jif{

k|hgg :jf:Yo tyf n}+lus ;+j]bglzn lzIff tflnd

;+Vof 400 300 300 300 325 350 450 500 650 750 2750

dlxnf ;+Vofdf k|hgg :jf+:o sf]if :yfkgf -cg'bfg_ k6s 2 2 2 2 2 10 10 12 15 18 65

cfdf ;'/Iff sfo{qmd k6s 5 10 15 20 25 100 200 300 400 500 1500

;f;'a'xf/L / ;;'/f;Fu k|hgg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL cGt/lqmof k6s 200 200 200 200 200 200 225 250 275 300 1250

hLjgpkof]uL tflnd !) lbg k6s 200 150 150 150 150 150 160 170 180 200 860

dlxnf ;+:yfdf lszf]/L ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ s]Gb| :yfkgf

;+Vof

3 2 2 3 3 10 10 12 15 20 67

103

sfo{qmd

O{sfO{


klxn

f]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]

aif{kf+rf}

jif{

dlxnf ;+:yfdf cltljkGg lszf]/L dfkm{t lszf]/L ljsf; 6]jf sfo{qmd

;+Vof

200 300 300 300 300 150 150 175 200 250 925

of}g /f]u tyf kf7]3/ v;]sf dlxnfsf] nflu lzlj/ ;~rfng

;+Vof

200 300 300 300 300 300 310 320 330 350 1610

;'/lIft dft[Tj;DaGwL r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd k6s 5 7

9 8 12500 750 850 1000 1200 4300

dlxnf ;d'xnfO{ ;fdflhs kl/rfng tyf Joj;flostf ljsf; tflnd

;+Vof 812 893 983 1081 1188 2668 2989 3347 3748 4199 16949

pBdL ljsf; tyf ;Lk ljsf; tyf Joj;flostf k|j4{g tflnd

;+Vof 600 900 380 1300 600 1200 1800 400 2500 3100 9000

dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7g / btf{ -uflj;_

;+Vof

5 10 15 2030

25 30 35 40 50 180

;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] nflu lapk"hL kl/rfng --uflj;_

;+Vof

5 10 15 2030

200 300 400 500 600 2000

;"rgf, lzIff / ;rf/;

+Vof

124136 150 165 182

359 402 450 504 565 2281

dlxnf ;d'xx?nfO{ /0fgLlt ;DjlGw k"gM cledlvs/0f tflnd

;+Vof

3540 50 60 70

150 200 250 300 350 1250

3/]n' lx+;f lgoGq0fsf nflu tflnd

;+Vof

200 200 200 200250

200 250 300 350 400 1500

dlxnf g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd ; 100 200 200 200 250 200 400 450 500 550 2100

104

sfo{qmd

O{sfO{


klxn

f]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]

aif{kf+rf}

jif{+Vof

sfg'gL tyf kf/flnun sfo{{qmd ;+rfng -uflj;_

;+Vof

5 10 10 1015

100 200 250 300 350 1200

afn clwsf/sf ;Djwg;

+Vof

4

6 8 10 12100 200 300 400 500 1500

>ddf ;+nUg afn aflnsfsf nflu j}slNks lzIff sfo{qmd k6s

50 100 150 200 250200 300 400 500 550 1950

@ b]lv # jif{sf afnaflnsf nlIot k|j]zåf/ sfo{qmd k6s 5

5 5 5 550 100 150 150 200 650

hf]lvddf /x]sf / al~rtLdf k/]sf afnaflnsf nlIft v]ns'b, /rgfTds lqmofsnfk / k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{qmd

k6s 5 7 8 9 10 500 575 661 760 875 3371

afnljs f;;DaGwL PsLs[t cGt/lqmofTds tyf vf]hd"ns l;sfO k|j4{g sfo{qmd

10 14 16 18 20750 863 992 1140 1312 5057

;'gf}nf xhf/ lbg;DaGwL sfo{qmd k6s 5 7 8 9 10 10500 12075 13886 15969 18365 70795;d'bfo:t/df lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb| :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng k6s 5 7 8 9 10 500 575 661 760 875 3371

ljBfnoeGbf aflx/ /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] vf]hL tyf l:ylt ljZn]if0f k6s 5 7 8 9 10 150 173 198 228 262 1011

nfu" cf}ifw k|of]u Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;r]tgf sfo{qmd k6s 5 7 8 9 10 500 575 661 760 875 3371

hGdbtf{ ;DaGwL k|j4{gfTds cleofg k6s 5 7 8 9 10 500 575 661 760 875 3371afn>d tyf afnljjfx Go"gLs/0f cleofg k6s 5 7 8 9 10 300 345 397 456 525 2023afnx]NknfOg tyf afnu[xsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; k6s 5 7 8 9 10 800 920 1058 1217 1399 5394

lhNnfdf ;~rflnt afn ;+/If0f u[xsf] k6s 5 7 8 9 10 250 288 331 380 437 1686

105

sfo{qmd

O{sfO{


klxn

f]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]

aif{kf+rf}

jif{lg/Gt/ cg'udg tyf Ifdtf ;'b[9Ls/0falx/f afnaflnsf nlIft ;f+s]lts efiff sIff tyf tflnd k6s 5 7 8 9 10 800 920 1058 1217 1399 5394

dft[ efiffdf sIff ;~rfng k6s 5 7 8 9 10 500 575 661 760 875 3371afnd}qL l;sfO{ tyf k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd k6s 5 7 8 9 10 1000 1150 1323 1521 1749 6742

c:ktfn tyf k|f=:jf=s]=df afn pkrf/ sIfsf] :yfkgf k6s 5 7 8 9 10 3000 3450 3968 4563 5247 20227

ljBfnodf cfwfl/t eO{ u7g ul/Psf afnSnasf dfWodaf6 cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk ;~rfng

k6s 5 7 8 9 10 800 920 1058 1217 1399 5394

afnaflnsf;DaGwL j:t'l:ytL ljj/0f k|sfzg k6s 5 7 8 9 10 1000 1150 1323 1521 1749 6742

afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]if0ff uflj; 5 10 20 30 36 3000 3450 3968 4563 5247 20227

hDdf 32072 38015 42236 50649 5846722143

4cfkfËtf tyf h]i7 gful/sr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd -gf6s, l;h{gfTds sfo{qmd, cleofg_ k6s 5

78 9 10

lhlj;÷lhl;sf÷u};;

1000 1150 1323 1521 1749 6742

b[li6ljxLgx?sf] nflu udgzLntf tflnd k6s 5 8 9 10 11 500 575 661 760 875 3371

g]t[Tj tyf Ifdtf ljsf;;DaGwL tflnd k6s 5 7 8 9 10 1000 1150 1323 1521 1749 6742

nf]=;]=cf=, lz=;]=cf= tyf ;}lgs÷k|x/L nufotsf ;]jf;DaGwL tof/L sIff k6s 5

56 6 7 1500 1725 1984 2281 2624 10114

efiff lzIffsf nflu sf]lrª sIff k6s 5 6 7 8 8 300 345 397 456 525 2023

ckfª\utf ePsf lzIff ljd'v afnaflnsfsf] vf]hL, klxrfg tyf egf{ cleofg k6s 5

78 9 10 500 575 661 760 875 3371

ckfËtf ePsf dlxnfx?sf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo / of}lgstf ;DaGwL sfo{qmd k6s 50

7584 94 105 500 575 661 760 875 3371

ckfËtf ePsf JolQmsf nflu :jf:Yo lzlj/, ;xfotf ;fdu|L tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf

k6s 50 60 67 75 84 1000 1150 1323 1521 1749 6742

106

sfo{qmd

O{sfO{


klxn

f]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]

aif{kf+rf}

jif{cf/If0fh]i7 gful/sx?sf nflu :jf:Yo ;]jf, x]/rfx, k/fdz{ tyf of]u cEof;;DaGwL sfo{qmd

k6s 56

7 8 8 1000 1150 1323 1521 1749 6742

ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf nflu k|fljlws tyf :j/f]huf/d"ns tflnd 10

1416 18 20 1000 1150 1322 2170 1750 6742

h]i7 gful/s;Fu ePsf] k/Dk/fut ;Lksf] Joj;foLs/0f tyf x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmd k6s 3

78 9 10 300 345 397 456 525 2023

ckfËtf ePsf JolQm x?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ pks/0f tyf ;xfotf ;fdu|L ljt/0f k6s 5

67 8 8 100 115 132 152 175 674

5'jf5't tyf ;fdflhs lje]b Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmd k6s 5

56 6 7 500 575 661 760 875 3371

h]i7 gful/sx?sf nflu cfw'lgs k|ljlw;Fu nlIft sfo{qmd k6s 5

67 8 9 250 288 331 380 437 1686

h]i7 gful/sx?sf nflu dgf]/~hgfTds sfo{qmd k6s 5

55 5 5 250 288 331 380 437 1686

h]i7 gful/s cf/f]Uo cf>dsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; k6s 1

23 4 5 500 575 661 760 875 3371

Goflos lgsfox?nfO{ ckfËtf;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f k6s 10

1213 15 15 500 575 661 760 875 3371

ckfËtf;DaGwL ;"rgf a}+ssf] :yfkgf k6s 1 2 3 3 4 100 115 132 152 175 674ckfª\u 3/sf] Joj:yf k6s 1 2 3 4 5 500 575 661 760 875 3371:yfgLo lgsfox?df afnSna, afn;+/If0f ;ldlt, ckfª\utf ;DjlGw :jfjnDaL ;+:yfx?, dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?,

;+Vof

5

7

9 10 12 1000 1150 1323 1521 1749 6742

nlIft ju{sf] If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ;+:yfx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;

k6s 5 5 8 10 12 1500 1725 1984 2281 2624 10114

hDdf 13800 15871 18252 20983 24142 93043v]ns'b

107

sfo{qmd

O{sfO{


klxn

f]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]

aif{kf+rf}

jif{

uflj;, :t/Lo v]ns'b k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd k6s 4 4 4 4 5 lhNnf v]ns'b sfof{n

o

1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 5000

v]nfl8sf] 5gf]6 sfo{qmd k6s 1 1 1 1 1 700 700 700 700 700 3500

v]n d}bfg lgdf{0f sfo{qmd;

+Vof

4 3 4 2 2 500 600 800 900 1000 3800

ldgL sa8{ xnsf] lgdf{0f sfo{qmd;

+Vof

5 5 5 5 5 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 12500

v]n ;fdfu|L vl/b tyf ljt/0f sfo{qmd;

+Vof

20 24 28 30 35 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 5000

k'g{:yfkgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ;

+Vof

3 5 7 9 10 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 12500

Jofdzfnf lgdf{0f;

+Vof

5 5 5 5 5 0 1000 0 1200 1500 3700

elnan sf]6{ lgdf{0f;

+Vof

5 8 10 10 12 100 110 120 150 200 680

of]u lzlj/ ;~rfng -;+Vof_;

+Vof

2 4 510 10

100 125 150 200 300 875

/fi6«klt /lgË lzN8 tyf lhNnf:t/Lo v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf k6s

1 1 1 1 1200 225 250 300 400 1375

hDdf 8600 9760 9020 10450 11100 48930

108

o"jf

sfo{qmd OsfO{


f]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}jif{

lhDd]jf/L

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]

aif{t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]

aif{kf+rf}

jif{

j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg]x?sf nflu ;Lkd"ns tflnd 10 15 25 10 50

1500 1750 2123 2421 2749 10542

hLljsf]kfh{gsf nfuL l;k ljsf; tflnd -hgf_

;+Vof

120 140 140 150 150 500 600 800 1000 1200 4100

Jojzfo ;+rfng -hgf_;

+Vof

200 300 400 500 500 200 300 400 500 750 2150

o"jf Sna u7g tyf kl/rfng -uflj;_;+Vof

34 34 34 34 34 450 518 595 684 787 3034

o"jf Snasf k|ltlgwLx?nfO o"jf Sna Joj:yfkg tflnd k6s 5 7 8 8 12

500 700 800 800 1200 4000

nfu' cf}ifw tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{ la?¢sf ljBfno ;r]tgf cleofg k6s 1 5 7 8 10

25 50 75 80 100 330

cGt{/fli6«o o"jf lbj; dgfpg] sfoqmd k6s 1 1 1 1 1 50 50 50 50 50 250

afn ljjfx, afn ;+/If0f / ;xeflutfsf nflu ! lbg] lhNnf cledlvs/0f sfo{qmd k6s 1 2 4 5 7

50 75 100 125 150 500

;'lt{hGo kbfy{c;/ af/] ljBfnodf ;r]tgf sfo{qmd k6s 1 2 4 5 7

25 50 75 100 125 375

If]q :tl/o o"jf Snax? aLrsf l;sfO cfbfg kbfg a}7s k6s 12 24 34 34 36

50 75 100 125 150 500

Jojxf/Ls kf7\ok':ts k|sfzg ug]{ ;+Vof

1000 12001500 1600 2000

500 700 1000 1500 2000 5700

ljBdfg kf7\ok':tsx?sf] k|rf/ k|zf/ sfo{qmd k6s 2 4

6 8 1050 75 100 125 150 500

s'nt / b'Jo{;gLx?sf] ;'wf/sf nfuL ;'wf/ ; 5 5 5 6 7 500 1000 1500 1800 2000 6800

109

u[x ;+rfng +Vof

hDdf 4400 5943 7718 9310 11411 38781

t];|f] lnËLsfo{qmd cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo lhDd]

jf/Ljh]6 -?=xhf/df_

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]aif{

t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]aif{

kf+rf}

jif{

klxnf]

aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{;j} uflj;x?df t];|f] ln+uL af/]sf] d'2f, ;d:of af/] ax; sfo{qmd -k6s_

1 2 3 4 5 uflj; 25 50 75 100 150

tYof+s ;+sng tyf cBfjlws -uflj; / gkf_ 10 25 25 34 36 lhlj; 75 100 150 160 125;+u7g lgdf{0f÷j}wflgstf xfl;n -lhNnf l:yt_

1 1 1 1 lh=k=| sf=

125 150 150 150 150

hDdf 225 300 375 410 425

lk58fju{sfo{qmdsf]

gfd OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo

lhDd]jf/

lgsfo

;xof]uL

lgsfo

cfjZos jh]6 ? xhf/df ;|f]t Joxf]g]{ lgsfo -?= xhf/df_

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

hDdf g]kfn

;/sf/

bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

cfo cfh{g tflnd tyf pTkfbgd'ns sfo{qmd

;+Vof

28 35 44 51 55

lh=lj=;=

lk58f ju{ dxf;+3

5500 6300 7000 7700 8500 12500 6500 8000 7000

Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd k6s !% !^ !* !( @) 1200 1500 1800 2000 2200 *&)) $))) @))) @&))lk58f ju{ ;dGjo ;ldlt

k6s !@ !@ !@ !@ !@ 200 250 300 350 400 !%)) &)) %)) #))

110

sf] j}7sefiff / ;+:s[tL k6s !@ !% !% !% !% 3000 3100 3500 4000 4100 !*()) &))) &))) $())j}slNks phf{ ;

+Vof

!% @) @% #) #% 3000 4000 5000 5500 6000 @)))) !)))) %))) %)))

hDdf 12900 15150 17600 19550 21200 86400

vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf;, l;rfO / phf{sfo{qmd cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo lhDd]jf/

lgsfojh]6 -?=xhf/df_ hDdf

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]aif{

t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]aif{

kf+rf}jif{

klxnf]aif{

bf]>f]aif{

t]>f]aif{

rf}yf]aif{

kf+rf}jif{

vfg]kfgLsf nflu af]l/u+ yk ug]{

! ! ! ! ! g]=vf=;+= 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 50000

dd{t tyf ;+ef/ @) @) @) @) @) g]=vf=;+= 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 15000

Snf]l/g];g ug]{ #) #) #) #) #) g]=vf=;+= 100 100 100 100 100 500

hgr]tgf clea[l4 !) !) !) !) !) g]=vf=;+= 25 25 25 25 25 125

cf]j/x]8 6ls+ lgdf{0f # # # # # vf=kf= l8= 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 100000

kfOknfOg la:tf/ sfo{ @ k6s @ @ @ @ vf=kf= l8= 10000 5000 5000 5000 5000 30000

kmf]x/d}nf Aoj:yfkg !) !) !) !) !) gu/kflnsf 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 10000

wf/f h8fg !) !) !) !) !) vf=kf=l8 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 10000

9n lgsf; sfo{s|d @ @ @ @ @ gu/kflnsf 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 100000

(Biogas/Solar/Mics) %)) %)) %)) %)) %)) g]kfn ;/sf/ 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 20000

vfg]kfgLsf nflu af]l/u+ yk

! ! ! ! ! g]=vf=;+= 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 50000

a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{s|d !)) !)) !)) !)) !)) jg sfof{no 500 500 500 500 500 2500

law'tnfOg la:tf/ %)) %)) %)) %)) %)) law't k|flws/0f

10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 50000

hDDff 91625 86625 86625 86625 86625 438125

111

#=# ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;;8s

sfo{qmdsf] gfd O{sfO{

cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIolhDd]jf/L

cfjZos jh]6 ? xhf/dfhDdfklxnf

] aif{bf]>

f] aif{

t]>f]

aif{rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

u|fe]n ;8s lgdf{0fls=dL=

75 90 108 129 156

lhlj;;8s

af]8{ sfo{qmd

31050 40986 54102 71414 94266 124432

gofF ;8s lgdf{0f 25 50 75 100 150 75000 99000 130680 172498 227697 300560

k'/fgf ;8s dd{t ;Def/

ls=dL=

50 60 72 86 104 15000 19800 26136 34500 45539 60112

u|fe]n ;8s lgdf{0f ls=dL 85 102 122 147 176 206000 271920 358934 473793 625407 825538

sfnf]kq] ;8s lgdf{0f

ls=dL 110 132 158 190 228 85000 112200 148104 195497 258056 340634

gofF 6«Øfsls=dL=

5 10 15 20 24

;8s ljefu

42000 55440 73181 96599 127510 168313

;8s :t/f]Ggltls=dL=

50 60 72 86 104 80000 105600 139392 183997 242877 320597

lkm8/ /f]8 :t/f]Gglt

ls=dL 17 20 24 29 35 12500 16500 21780 28750 37949 50093

cfly{s s]Gb| hf]8\g] ;8s :t/f]Gglt

ls=dL 50 60 72 86 104 36000 47520 62726 82799 109294 144269

PsLs[t k"jf{wf/ ljsf;

ls=dL 6 7 9 10 12 32420 42794 56489 74565 98426 129922

cGo zx/L ;8s ls=dL 3 4 4 5 6 6000 7920 10454 13800 18216 24045

a;kfs{ lgdf{0f tyf lj:tf/

;+Vof

2 2 3 3 4 80000 105600 139392 183997 242877 320597

112

sfo{qmdsf] gfd O{sfO{

cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIolhDd]jf/L

cfjZos jh]6 ? xhf/dfhDdfklxnf

] aif{bf]>

f] aif{

t]>f]

aif{rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

uflj;af6 ;~rflnt k"jf{wf/ sfo{qmd

;+Vof

34 41 49 59 71 uflj; 300000 396000 522720 689990 910787 1202239

hDdf 1000970 1321280 1744090 2302199 3038903 4011351

cfjf; tyf j:tL ljsf;, zx/L ljsf; / ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsfo{qmdsf]

gfdcfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo lhDd]jf/

lgsfocfjZos jh]6 ? xhf/df

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{ hDdf

hgtf cfjf; sfo{qmd 50 50 50 50 50 zx/L ljsf;

tyfejg lg=lj=

10000 1100 1200 1400 1500 15200

;fgf ;x/ ljsf; 1 1 1 100 100 100 100 100 500:Jjf:Yo rf}sL :t/f]QtL Pjd dd{t 7 7 7 7 7 500 500 500 550 600 2650

zd;fg3f6 lgdf{0f 1 1 0 0 0 10 15 0 0 0 259n lgdf{0f -Km 1 1 1 1 1 50 50 50 50 50 150sf]/L8f]/ lgdf{0f 1 1 1 1 1 300 3000 3000 3000 3000 12300hgr]tgf cleofg 1 1 1 1 1 10 100 100 100 100 410j}b]lzs cfudg ;'rgf cWofjlbs s]Gb| ;+rfng

1 2 3 4 5 50 75 100 125 150 500

ljBfondf /]Dk lgdf{0f 4 4 4 4 4 50 75 100 125 150 500

j[4f cf>d lgdf{0f 0 1 0 0 0 0 5000 0 0 0 5000lx+;f lkl8t dlxnf ;+/If0f s]Gb| lgdf0f{

1 1 1 0 0 2000 2500 3000 0 0 7500

jfnjflnsf ;+/If0f 1 0 0 0 0 5000 0 0 0 0 5000

113

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

cfjZos jh]6 ? xhf/dfklxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{ hDdf

s]Gb|sf/fuf/ ;'wf/ 1 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0 1000 hDdf 19070 12515 8150 5450 5650 50735

l;+rfO{

k|:tfljt sfo{qmd

O{sfO{

l;+lrt If]q x]= lhDd]jf/L

k|:tfljt jh]6 ?+klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

hDdf

demf}nf l; x] 1450 1668 1918 2205 2536 l;+rfO{ l8lehg sfof{

no

5000 75000 10000 25000 30000 145000

l;rfO{ tyf hn>f]t Joj:yfkg

x]=

450 518 595 684 787 2500 4000 6000 10000 15000 37500

gofF k|ljwLdf cfwf/Lt l;rfO{

;+V

5 5 5 5 5 900 900 900 900 900 4500

dd{t ;Def/ tyf lbuf] Joj:yfkg

;+V

5 5 5 5 5 500 500 500 500 500 2500

ljleGg of]hgfx?sf] of]hgf klxrfg tyf ;e]

x]=

550 605 665.5 732.05 805.255 100 100 100 100 100 500

hDdf 9000 80500 17500 36500 46500 190000

ljB't

sfo{qmdsf] gfdsfo{qmdsf] jflif{s nIf lhDd

]jf/ lgsfo

cfjZos jh]6 ? xhf/df klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{ hDdf

;fd'bfoLs ljB'lts/0f -k|ltzt_ 40 60 100 100 100 g]=lj

=k|f= 200 300 425 450 500 1875

cf}Bf]lus lkm8/sf] lgdf{0f -k|ltzt_ 25 50 75 100 100 g]=lj

=k|f= 1000 1500 2000 2500 5000 12000

u|fld0f ljB'lts/0f -k|ltzt_ 20 30 30 10 10 g]=lj=k|f= 50 75 100 125 150 500

ljB't k|0ffnL ;'b[9Ls/0f -k|ltzt_ 100 100 100 100 100 g]=lj

=k|f= 30 50 100 150 200 530

114

hDdf 1280 1925 2625 3225 5850 14905

115

;"rgf tyf ;+rf/

sfo{qmdsf] gfdO{sfO{

cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo lhDd]jf/

lgsfo

cfjZos jh]6 ? xhf/dfklxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf} jif{ hDdf

Nof08nfO{g lj:tf/ uflj; :yfg 12 20 24 30 36 g]kfn 6]lns

d

50000 55000 60000 60000 60000 285000O{G6/g]6 ;]jf lj:tf/ -jfO{DofS;, P8LP:fPNf_ lhNnfel/

uf=lj=;=

12 20 24 30 36 250 288 331 380 437

1686cK6Lsn kmfO{j/ yk lj:tf/ lhNnfel/

ls=dL=

12 20 24 30 36 5000 5750 6613 7604 8745

33712

aL=6L=P;= yk lhNnfel/ ;+Vof

12 20 24 30 36 10000 10500 11025 11520 12490

55535;fd'bflos /]l8of] ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf lj:tf/ sfo{qmd lhNnfel/

;+Vof

12 20 24 30 36 200 230 265 304 350

1349

6]nL ;]G6/ lj:tf/ lhNnfel/ ;+Vof

12 20 24 30 36 250 288 331 380 437

16865fkf klqsf k|sfzg tyf Joj:yfkg lhNnfel/

;+Vof

12 20 24 30 36 5000 5750 6613 7604 8745

33712cfd ;+rf/ / kqsfl/tf tflnd lhNnfel/

;+Vof

12 20 24 30 36 500 575 661 760 875

3371;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| ;+:yfut ljsf;

;+Vof

12 20 24 30 36 100 115 132 152 175

285000 hDdf 71300 78496 85971 88704 92254 416725

#=$ jg jftfj/0f tyf ljkb Joj:yfkg

116

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo

lhDd]jf/ lgsf

o

;xof]uL

lgsfo

cfjZos jh]6 ? xhf/df ;|f]t Joxf]g]{ lgsfo -?=

xhf/df_klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{

hDdf g]kfn ;/sf/

bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

cltqmldt l;dfgf cWofjlws ug]{

x] @%

#)

@%

#) #) lhjsf=

lhNnf dfnkf]t, gflk sfof{n

o 150 200 150 200 200

900

900 ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox? ;+u cGt/lqmf / ;dGjo a}7s

k6s @ @ @ @ @ lhk|sf, lhla;, gfu/Ls ;dfh 100 100 100 100 100

500

500 cltqmd0f x6fpg] sfo{

k6s ! ! ! ! ! 30 30 40 40 50

190 190

ul:t kl/rfng lgold

t lhNnf k|x/L 300 300 300 300 300

1500

a}1flgs ag Aoj:yfkg sfo{qmd -;fa leq _

cf]6f

# # # # #

;fd'bflos ag

300 300 300 300 300

1500

;fem]bf/L ag Aoj:yfkg

cf]6f @ ! !

:yfgLo lgsfo, ;d'bfo

15000 10000 10000 5000 500045000

40000 ag bzs sfo{qmd -;fj{hlgs hUuf a[Iff/f]k0f lglh ag lasf; / cGo _

x]

$) $) $) $) $) 12000 12000 12000 12000 12000 60000 la?jf pTkfbg cf]6f !) !) !) !) !) lhla; 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 40000

117

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo

lhDd]jf/ lgsf

o

;xof]uL

lgsfo


xhf/df_klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{

hDdf g]kfn ;/sf/

bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

–nfv_ O ag sfof{no :yfkgf

:yfg

@ !

ag dGqfno

lh=j=sf :yfgLo lgsfo 0 0 0 0 0 0

hDdf 35880 30930 30890 25940 25950 149590 pk hnfwf/ If]q lgwf{/0f u/L Aofj:yfkg of]hgf agfpg]

cf]6f

! ! ! !

lh e' ;

+/If0f

lhla;

250 260 280 300

1090

;j]]bglzn If]qsf] /f]syfd ug]{ cf]6f % % % % %

:yfgLo lgsfo, ;d'bfo 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000

25000

ulN5 klx/f] lgoGq0f cf]6f # # # # # 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000

10000

s[lif ag ;d'x la:tf/ cf]6f !) !) !) !) !) 250 250 300 300 300

1400

Iflqu|:t e'ld k'g?Tyfg sfo{qmd x] % % % % % 300 300 325 350 350

1625

glb vf]nf lsgf/ ;+/If0f Aoj:yfkg ug]{

lsld ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

:yfgLo lgsfo, ;d'bfo

30000 30000 30000 30000 30000

150000

glb lsgf/ sl/8f]/

cf]6f ! ! ! /fi6klt r'/], ;

5000 0 5000 0 5000 15000

118

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo

lhDd]jf/ lgsf

o

;xof]uL

lgsfo


xhf/df_klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{

hDdf g]kfn ;/sf/

bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

+f;b sf]if , lhla;

gbLpsf; ePsf] hUufdf xl/ofln a[l4 x] !) !) !) !) !)

:yfgLo lgsfo, ;d'bfo 400 425 450 475 500

2250

l;df/ If]q ;+/If0f :yfg @ @ @ @ @ 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

5000

kfgL d'xfg ;+/If0f cf]6f @ @ @ @ @ 500 500 500 550 600

2650

kf]v/L ;+/If0f cf]6f $ $ $ $ $ 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 10000 10000 pk hnfwf/ If]q leq lh0f{ ;fgf l;rfO{ s'nf] ;+/If0f lsld @ @ @ @ @ 400 400 400 450 450

2100

hDdf 47100 42135 47255 42425 47200 226115 lhNnf lakb Aoj:yfkg of]hgf th"{df / sfof{Gjog

;+Vof !

lhla; ;/f]sf/jfnfx?

800 500 500 500 500

2800

O{nfsf k|x/L

sfof{nosf nflu cfuf]

lgefpg] ;fdfflu| lat/0f

;]6 %) &% !)) !

%) @)) 500 750 1000 1500 2000 5750

pBf]ux?df k| ; % % % % % lhla; pBf]u , 250 250 250 250 250 1250

119

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo

lhDd]jf/ lgsf

o

;xof]uL

lgsfo


xhf/df_klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{

hDdf g]kfn ;/sf/

bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

b'if0f lgoGq0f k|df0f kq ljt/0f +Vof

Aofj;flo

kmf]xf]/ d}nf Aofj:yfkgsf nflu Nof08 lkN8 :yfkgf

;+Vof

! ! @ @ ! gkfx?

:yfgLo lgsfo, ;d'bfo , dGqfno

2500 5000 7600 1000 1500

17600

kmf]xf]/af6 h}ljs dn pTkfbg

d] 6g !))

!%)

@))

@%)

#%) 500 750 1000 1260 1500

5010

;f}rfnoaf6 law't pTkfbg lsjf ) % ) % )

lhla; 1000 1000

2000

kfgL ;'l4s/0f ;r]tgf sfo{qmd xhf/ 24 24 24 24 24

lhla;

500 500 500 500 5002500

v'nf lb;f d'Qm ufla; sfo{qmd

;+Vof !! !! !! ) ) lhla; 3300 3300 3300 ) ) 9900

k'0f{ ;/;kmfO{ ufla;

;+Vof # # # # #

ufla; lhla;, ;d'bfo 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800

9000

hDdf 10150 13850 15950 7810 8050 55810

afof] Uof;;

+Vof 200 200 200 200 200lhla; a}slNk

s phf{, ;d'bfo

12000 12000 12000 12000 1200060000

34000 26000

;f]nf/;

+Vof 200 200 200 200 200 2800 2800 2800 2800 280014000

8000 6000;f]nf/ ; ! ) ) ! ) 2000 ) ) 2000 ) 4000 3500 500

120

sfo{qmdsf] gfd

OsfO{

sfo{qmdsf] nIo

lhDd]jf/ lgsf

o

;xof]uL

lgsfo


xhf/df_klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f]

aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf]

aif{

kf+rf}

jif{

hDdf g]kfn ;/sf/

bft[ lgsfo

lglhIf]q

vfg]kfgL +Vof

;f]nf/ ldlg u|8;

+Vof 2) ) ) )

20000) ) ) ) 20000

19000 1000w'jfd'Qm ufla; 3f]if0ff

;+Vof 2 2 2 2 2

ufla;1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

50003000 2000

lk=sf] xfO{8f]

;+Vof ! !

lhla;4000 4000

80004000 4000

;f]nf/ kDk;

+Vof !) !) !) !) !) 16000 16000 16000 16000 1600080000

40000 40000hDdf 57800 31800 31800 37800 31800 191000

#=% ;+:yfut ljsf;

lqmofsnfk

sfo{qmdsf] nIo jh]6 -?= xhf/df_ hDdf ?=

xhf/df

jh]6sf] >f]t -?= xhf/df_klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

g]kfn ;/sf/

:yfgLo lgsfo

bft[;+:yf

hg ;xeflutf

uflj; ejg lgdf{0f $ % % % % 8000 10000 10000 10000 12500 50500 25250 25250 0 0

gu/kflnsfx?sf] ejg lgdf{0f ! @ # $ 100000 100000 100000 100000 0 400000 25000 25000 0 0

cfGtl/s >f]tx?sf] klxrfg, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L] x'g]

%#

cfGtl/s >f]t kl/rfng cWoog ! 300 300 150 150 ljleGg ljifosf vr{ sfo{ljlw tof/ ! 200 200 200 ;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod eO{ r':t tyf b'?:t cfly{s k|zf;g, kf/bzL{, u'0f:t/Lo, l56f]5l/tf] ;]jf k|

!

121

lqmofsnfk


xhf/df


bf]>f] aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

g]kfn ;/sf/

:yfgLo lgsfo

bft[;+:yf

hg ;xeflutf

jfx, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"ltsDKo"6/ PsfplG6ª Kofs]h cBfjlws ug]{

! 150 150 150

;a} ljifout sfof{no tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] j]e;fO6 cBfjlws ug]{

^#

300 300 300

;a} ljifout sfof{no, lhlj;, gkfsf] gful/s j8fkq tof/L tyf cBfjlws

! 315 315 315

j[4j[4f, ckfËtf, Psn dlxnfx?sf] clen]v cBfjlws

% %

& % % 300 300 300

;"rgfdf cfwfl/t ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog

! ! ! ! ! 500 500 700 500 500 2700 2700

ufpF k|f]kmfOn cBfjlws –k|ltzt_

@%

%)

&%

!)) 500 10000 900 11400 5700 5700

lhNnf Ifdtf ljsf; of]hgf tof/ 200 200 200

;+u7g ljsf; cWoog -gkf, lhlj;_ !%

!%

!%

% 1500 0 0 0 0 1500 0 1500 0 0

uflj;df sDKo"6/ tyf lk|G6/ vl/b -;j}_

1470 0 0 0 0 1470 0 1470 0 0

sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd #) #%

#%

@%

@% 175 175

175 145 125795 435 110 250

j]e;fO{6 l/kf]l6ª tyf Joj:yfkg tflnd -;+Vof_

$ $ # ) ) 100 100 75 275 0 275 0

k|rlnt P]g lgod tyf sfo{ljlw ;DjGwL cled'vLs/0f -;+Vof_

&%

) &%

) &% 150 150 150 450 150 300

lhcfO{; tflnd –k6s % ( 125 225 350 0 350

cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f -;+Vof_ @)

@)

@)

@) @) 400 400 400 400 400 2000 500 1000 500 0

122

lqmofsnfk


xhf/df


bf]>f] aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

g]kfn ;/sf/

:yfgLo lgsfo

bft[;+:yf

hg ;xeflutf

lhNnf:t/Lo l;sfO{ cfbfg k|bfg uf]i7L –k6s

! ! ! ! ! 100 100 100 100 100 500 100 200 200

Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd -;+Vof_ @%

@%

@%

@%

@% 100 100 100 100 100 500 100 200 200

cGt/b]lzo e|d0f –k6s @ # % & * !) 4500 3000 7500 1500 1000 5000 ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf -lhNnf, gu/ / o"jf —;+Vof_

#) 1300 1300 0 1300

;"rgf clwsf/Lsf] Joj:yf ug]{ -;+Vof_

%$

1300

;"rgfsf] xs ;DjGwL sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd -;+Vof_

@$

@$

@$ 110 110 110

;"rgfsf] xs ;DjGwL ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ cled'vLs/0f -;+Vof_

^#

^#

^#

^# 50 50 50 150 150

;]jf k|bfosssf] jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf jh]6 ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ldl8ofaf6 k6s

^#

315 315 315 315 315 1575 540 535 500

;'emfj k]l6sf lgdf{0f -;+Vof_ &$ 63 63 63

;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ -jflif{s_ # # # # # 740 740 740 740 740 3700 1300 1300 1100 lhNnf ljsf;sf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? aLr ;dGjo k6s

# # # # #

ljifout sfof{no / :yfgLo lgsfo jLr ;dGjo j}7s k6s

# # # # # 60 60 60 60 60 300 0 300 0

u};; ;dGjo ;ldltsf] j}7s k6s # # # # # 60 60 60 60 60 300 300 sfof{no k|d'vsf] j}7s k6s dfl;s k6s

! ! ! ! ! 12 12 12 12 12 60 60

lhNnf :t/Lo ;dGjo j}7s k6s ! ! ! ! ! 150 150 150 150 150 750 0 300 450 ;fdflhs kl/rfng lh=;=;=sf] j}7s dfl;s k6s

! ! ! ! ! 120 120 120 120 120 600 600

123

lqmofsnfk


xhf/df


bf]>f] aif{

t]>f]

aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

klxnf] aif{

bf]>f] aif{

t]>f] aif{

rf}yf] aif{

kf+rf} jif{

g]kfn ;/sf/

:yfgLo lgsfo

bft[;+:yf

hg ;xeflutf

;ldIff j}7s -jflif{s_ ! ! ! ! ! 300 300 300 300 300 1500 1500 u};; 8]:s Joj:yfkg ;Vof ! 50 50 50 50 50 250 0 250 0 ;fdflhs If]q kmf]sn ljGb' / lgodg k6s

$ % % % %

cflhljof]sf] dWofjlw d"Nof+sg ! 800 800 800

hDdf 117115

124507

119757

113052

18732

493163

124

cg';"rL $Mbf];|f] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]li7 sfo{qmd

-cfj @)&#÷)@÷@), @! / @@_

;do ultljlw lhDd]jf/Lk|yd lbgk|yd ;q)&M#)–)*M))

;xefuL gfd btf{ lhlj;sfof{zfnf z'ef/De ;df/]fx . z'ef/De ;qsf] sfo{qmd -pb\3f6g, dGtJo cflb_

bf];|f] ;q)*M#)–)(M#)

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt df]/ªsf] k|yd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cflhljof]_sf] ;ldIff k|Zt'lt -;"rs tyf jh]6sf] cj:yf_

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)(M#)–!)M))

df]/ª lhNnf cf=lh=la=of]=-@)%(÷^)—@)^#÷)^$_ sf] lz3| ;j]{If0f

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

!)M))–!!M))

lb3{sflng ;f]+rsf] cfjZostf tyf lgdf{0fsf jf/]df k|Zt'lt

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

bf];|f] cflhljof]sf] bL3{sflng ;f]+rsf] lgdf{0fs nfuL Methodology sf] k|Ztlt / ljifout ;d'xx?df 5nkmn ;f]sf] af/]df % j6f ;d"x ljefhg

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

!!M))–!@M#)

lb3{sflng ;f]+rsf] ;d'xx?df 5nkmn / k|:t'lt k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

!@M#)–)!M#)

lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgfx?, ljsf;sf k|d'v ;d:of / sf/0fx? / ;dfwfgsf pkfox? tyf cj;/ / ;Defjgfx?]{ af/] k|Zt'lt / ;d'x ljefhg tyf ;d'x sfo{sf] ;'?jft

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)!M#)–)@M#)

nGr j|]s k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)@M#)–)$M#)

lhNnf ljsf;sf nflu pknAw cj;/ / ;Defjgfx?, ljsf;sf k|d'v ;d:of / sf/0fx? / ;dfwfgsf pkfox?af/] ;d"x sfo{ / 5nkmn

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)$M#)–)%M))

k|Zt'lt tyf ;d'x 5nkmn k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

bf];|f] lbg)*M))–)*M#)

;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx?nfO{ p2]Zodf kl/0ft ug]{, ljifout p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ug]{, ;dli6ut p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ug]{, lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo lgwf{/0f ug]{ af/] k|Zt'lt

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)*M#)–!)M))

;d:of tyf ;+efjgfx?nfO{ p2]Zodf kl/0ft ug]{, ljifout p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ug]{, ;dli6ut p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ug]{, lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo lgwf{/0f ug]{ af/] ;d"x sfo{

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

!)M))– !! ljifout p2]Zosf cfwf/df gtLhf lgwf{/0f ts{j4 k/fdz{bftf ;111

M)) vfsfsf],k|Zt'lt +:yf!!M))–)!M))

gtLhfsf cfwf/df ;"rsx?sf] lgwf{/0f, ;d"x sfo{ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)!M#)–)@M#)


)@M#)–)#M#)

;d"xsfo{ k|:t'lt -Kn]g/L_ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)#M#)– )$M))

k|d'v sfo{qmdx?sf] klxrfg, k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f tyf lhDd]jf/L tfnLsf / vr{sf] cg'dfg tyf vr{ h'6fpg] ;|f]t / cg'udg ug]{ lgsfoaf/] k|Zt'lt / 5nkmn

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)$M))–)%M))

k|d'v sfo{qmdx?sf] klxrfg, k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f tyf lhDd]jf/L tfnLsf / vr{sf] cg'dfg tyf vr{ h'6fpg] ;|f]t / cg'udg ug]{ lgsfoaf/] kmDof{6sf] 5nkmn / kmDof{6sf] ljt/0f

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

t];|f] lbg)*M))–!!M))

k|d'v sfo{qmdx?sf] klxrfg, k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f tyf lhDd]jf/L tfnLsf / vr{sf] cg'dfg tyf vr{ h'6fpg] ;|f]t / cg'udg ug]{ lgsfoaf/] kmDof{6sf] 5nkmn / ;d"x sfo{

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)!!M))–!!M#)

cg'udg tyf cGt/ lhNnf ;DjGw jf/] k|Zt'lt k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)!!M#)–)!M#)

cg'udg tyf cGt/ lhNnf ;DjGw jf/] 5nkmn tyf ;d'x sfo{

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)!M#)–)@M#)


)@M#)–)#M#)

;d"xsfo{ k|:t'lt -Kn]g/L_ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf

)#M)) ;dfkg lhlj;

112

cg';"rL %M cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;xefuLx?

113

cg';"rL ^M df]/ª lhNnf bf];|f] cflhljof] th'{dfsf] sfo{zfnfdf ;xefuLx?sf] ljj/0f

114

e"ldsf - dccmorang.gov.npdccmorang.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Morang-PDDP-Final-2073.docx ·...

Documents

Transcript of e"ldsf - dccmorang.gov.npdccmorang.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Morang-PDDP-Final-2073.docx ·...