EKT303/4

PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER

ARCHITECTURE (PoCA)

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Course Outcomes (CO)

• CO1: Ability to apply the theory and the architecture of a central processing unit (CPU)

• CO2: Ability to analyze some of design issues in term of speed, technology, cost and performance.

• CO3: Ability to design a simple CPU with applying the theory and knowledge in the lecture.

• CO4: Ability to apply appropriate CAD tools to design, verify and test the CPU architecture.

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ALTERA DE2 BOARD

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ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE

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• Programmer• Logical execution of a program• Instruction set, number of bits, I/O

mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory….

Computer Architecture

• Operational units• Their interconnections• Control signals, interfaces and the

memory technology used….Computer

Organization

Computer Architecture

• Just like an architect designs buildings, a computer architect designs computers.

• So computer architecture is the study of – how computers are designed, – why they are designed that way, and – what are the effect of different designs on their performance.

• It isn't just computer architects who need this knowledge: it is anybody who really needs a computer to do work for them, or needs to write software for that computer.

Computer Architecture

Of course, any of us can use a computer or computer related devices but ….

to use them very efficiently, or for high performance computation we need to really understand what is happening

inside.

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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

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Functional View of a Computer

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Possible Computer Operations

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Possible Computer Operations

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Structure

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Computer: Top-Level Structure

Top level structure

To design your own “computer”:

Up to 1900 You needed to be wealthy1900 1940 Also have a lot of space to work in, and time to do it!1940 1940 Working for the military?1940 1980 Employed by large computer company in UK/USA.1980 today In the electronics industry, using off-the-shelf CPU device.1990 today Start with a single chip micro (PIC, LPC, MSP series, etc.)1990 future You can design your own CPU and implement it on a

programmable logic device such as an FPGA For the first time in computing history, individuals can now easily and quickly design new computers, implement and test them with free tools, and inexpensive hardware, and use them in their own designs.

The Future of Computing

You may not build the world’s fastest supercomputer but hopefully you will be designing or programming some amazing

embedded systems in near future…

The Future of Computing

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Review Question (submit at the end of lecture)

1. List and briefly define the main structural components of a computer.

2. List and briefly define the main structural components of a processor.