ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijravilit.com/book4/Namakkuth thozhil kavithai.pdf‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij...

ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijftpij ,ay; fl;Liufs;

Nf. utpNf. utpNf. utpNf. utpNf. utp

N\hgdh utpN\hgdh utpN\hgdh utpN\hgdh utpN\hgdh utp

thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;

ntspaPLntspaPLntspaPLntspaPLntspaPL

‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij ehl;bw; Fioj;jy;ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij ehl;bw; Fioj;jy;ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij ehl;bw; Fioj;jy;ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij ehl;bw; Fioj;jy;ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij ehl;bw; Fioj;jy;

,ikg;nghOJk; NrhuhjpUj;jy; - cikf;fpdpa,ikg;nghOJk; NrhuhjpUj;jy; - cikf;fpdpa,ikg;nghOJk; NrhuhjpUj;jy; - cikf;fpdpa,ikg;nghOJk; NrhuhjpUj;jy; - cikf;fpdpa,ikg;nghOJk; NrhuhjpUj;jy; - cikf;fpdpa

ike;jd; fzehjd; ek;Fbia tho;tpg;ghd;ike;jd; fzehjd; ek;Fbia tho;tpg;ghd;ike;jd; fzehjd; ek;Fbia tho;tpg;ghd;ike;jd; fzehjd; ek;Fbia tho;tpg;ghd;ike;jd; fzehjd; ek;Fbia tho;tpg;ghd;

rpe;ijNa ,k;%d;Wk; nra;.”rpe;ijNa ,k;%d;Wk; nra;.”rpe;ijNa ,k;%d;Wk; nra;.”rpe;ijNa ,k;%d;Wk; nra;.”rpe;ijNa ,k;%d;Wk; nra;.”

- ghujpahH- ghujpahH- ghujpahH- ghujpahH- ghujpahH

jk; ,dpa jkpohy; vd;Ds; ,yf;fpa Ntl;ifiajk; ,dpa jkpohy; vd;Ds; ,yf;fpa Ntl;ifiajk; ,dpa jkpohy; vd;Ds; ,yf;fpa Ntl;ifiajk; ,dpa jkpohy; vd;Ds; ,yf;fpa Ntl;ifiajk; ,dpa jkpohy; vd;Ds; ,yf;fpa Ntl;ifia

tpijj;j vd; jkpo; Mrhd;tpijj;j vd; jkpo; Mrhd;tpijj;j vd; jkpo; Mrhd;tpijj;j vd; jkpo; Mrhd;tpijj;j vd; jkpo; Mrhd;

jz;lkpo;f; nfhz;ly; GytHjz;lkpo;f; nfhz;ly; GytHjz;lkpo;f; nfhz;ly; GytHjz;lkpo;f; nfhz;ly; GytHjz;lkpo;f; nfhz;ly; GytH

jpU. rpjk;guk; Rthkpehjd;jpU. rpjk;guk; Rthkpehjd;jpU. rpjk;guk; Rthkpehjd;jpU. rpjk;guk; Rthkpehjd;jpU. rpjk;guk; Rthkpehjd;

mtHfSf;F ,e;E}iyf; fhzpf;if Mf;FfpNwd;.mtHfSf;F ,e;E}iyf; fhzpf;if Mf;FfpNwd;.mtHfSf;F ,e;E}iyf; fhzpf;if Mf;FfpNwd;.mtHfSf;F ,e;E}iyf; fhzpf;if Mf;FfpNwd;.mtHfSf;F ,e;E}iyf; fhzpf;if Mf;FfpNwd;.

- Nf. utp- Nf. utp- Nf. utp- Nf. utp- Nf. utp

ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij

ftpij ,ay; fl;Liufs;ftpij ,ay; fl;Liufs;ftpij ,ay; fl;Liufs;ftpij ,ay; fl;Liufs;ftpij ,ay; fl;Liufs;


N\hgdh utpN\hgdh utpN\hgdh utpN\hgdh utpN\hgdh utp

thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;thdtpy; gz;ghl;L ikak;

ntspaPLntspaPLntspaPLntspaPLntspaPL

iii

ºîŸ ðFŠ¹ : 1996

ðFŠ¹K¬ñ :õ£ùM™ ð‡ð£†´ ¬ñò‹, ªê¡¬ù

M¬ô Ï. 40.00Ï. 40.00Ï. 40.00Ï. 40.00Ï. 40.00

Ü„C†«ì£˜ :¬ý & ªì‚ ÝŠªê† (H) L†ªê¡¬ù.

iv

nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;

1. mzpe;Jiu1. mzpe;Jiu1. mzpe;Jiu1. mzpe;Jiu1. mzpe;Jiu ftpkhkzpftpkhkzpftpkhkzpftpkhkzpftpkhkzp

jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d;jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d;jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d;jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d;jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d; vi

2. Kd;Diu2. Kd;Diu2. Kd;Diu2. Kd;Diu2. Kd;Diu Nf. utpNf. utpNf. utpNf. utpNf. utp xii

3. ftpij - xspAk; xypAk; “3. ftpij - xspAk; xypAk; “3. ftpij - xspAk; xypAk; “3. ftpij - xspAk; xypAk; “3. ftpij - xspAk; xypAk; “ 1 1 1 1 1

4. ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij “4. ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij “4. ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij “4. ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij “4. ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij “ 12 12 12 12 12

5. Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk;5. Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk;5. Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk;5. Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk;5. Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk; “ “ “ “ “ 22 22 22 22 22

6. 6. 6. 6. 6. tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha; “ “ “ “ “ 33 33 33 33 33

7. nty;Yk; nrhy;7. nty;Yk; nrhy;7. nty;Yk; nrhy;7. nty;Yk; nrhy;7. nty;Yk; nrhy; “ “ “ “ “ 41 41 41 41 41

8. Vd; vd;w Nfs;tp8. Vd; vd;w Nfs;tp8. Vd; vd;w Nfs;tp8. Vd; vd;w Nfs;tp8. Vd; vd;w Nfs;tp “ “ “ “ “ 52 52 52 52 52

9. ftpijr; Rit9. ftpijr; Rit9. ftpijr; Rit9. ftpijr; Rit9. ftpijr; Rit “ “ “ “ “ 64 64 64 64 64

10. kuGk; G10. kuGk; G10. kuGk; G10. kuGk; G10. kuGk; GJJJJJikAk;ikAk;ikAk;ikAk;ikAk; “ “ “ “ “ 76 76 76 76 76

11. ftpijnaDk; Kf;$ly; “11. ftpijnaDk; Kf;$ly; “11. ftpijnaDk; Kf;$ly; “11. ftpijnaDk; Kf;$ly; “11. ftpijnaDk; Kf;$ly; “ 94 94 94 94 94

12. ftpijAk; ehDk;12. ftpijAk; ehDk;12. ftpijAk; ehDk;12. ftpijAk; ehDk;12. ftpijAk; ehDk; “ “ “ “ “ 104 104 104 104 104

13. ftpij tuk;13. ftpij tuk;13. ftpij tuk;13. ftpij tuk;13. ftpij tuk; N\hgdh utpN\hgdh utpN\hgdh utpN\hgdh utpN\hgdh utp 120120120120120

14. Fwpg;G E}w; gl;bay;14. Fwpg;G E}w; gl;bay;14. Fwpg;G E}w; gl;bay;14. Fwpg;G E}w; gl;bay;14. Fwpg;G E}w; gl;bay; 1 30130130130130

mzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiuftpkhkzp jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d; (gP\;kd;)ftpkhkzp jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d; (gP\;kd;)ftpkhkzp jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d; (gP\;kd;)ftpkhkzp jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d; (gP\;kd;)ftpkhkzp jpU. eh. rP. tujuh[d; (gP\;kd;)

kkkkkio nghope;jpLk;tz;zj;ijf; fhz Ntz;Lk; vd;wvz;zk; ,Ul;Lf;Fk; GaYf;Fk; xsptbtk; jUfpwJ. ,e;jxsp nkhop tbtk; ngWk;NghJ ftpijahfpwJ vd;Wjd;Dila Kjy; fl;Liuapy; NgRfpwhH E}yhrphpaH utp.,e;jf;$w;W $l mtUila ftpij mDgt ntspg;ghLjhd;. jhd; topghL nra;Ak; nja;tj; jpUKd; cz;ikahdgf;jd; nka;kwe;J epw;Fk; NghJ mtDs; nghq;Fk; Gdpjk;>ftpijiag; gw;wp ez;gH utp NgRk; nrhw;fspy; epiwe;J>gbf;fpd;w ek; kdj;ijAk; gw;wpf;nfhs;Sk; gutrj;ijxt;nthU thpapYk; mDgtpf;f KbfpwJ.

Ma;T Nehf;Fld; ftpijia mZFgtHfshy; jq;fs;ftpij mDgtq;fisr; Ritahfg; gfpHe;Jnfhs;s KbAkhvd;w Iak; vdf;Fz;L. Mdhy; ,e;j E}ypy ; cs;sfl;Liufs; me;j Iaj;ijj; J}f;fp vwpe;J tpl;ld.

‘mzpnra; fhtpak; Mapuq;fw;fpDk;mzpnra; fhtpak; Mapuq;fw;fpDk;mzpnra; fhtpak; Mapuq;fw;fpDk;mzpnra; fhtpak; Mapuq;fw;fpDk;mzpnra; fhtpak; Mapuq;fw;fpDk;Mo;e;jpUf;Fk; ftpAsk; fhz;fpyHMo;e;jpUf;Fk; ftpAsk; fhz;fpyHMo;e;jpUf;Fk; ftpAsk; fhz;fpyHMo;e;jpUf;Fk; ftpAsk; fhz;fpyHMo;e;jpUf;Fk; ftpAsk; fhz;fpyH’

vd;W kfhftp ghujpahH nrhy;thH. fw;gJ NtW fw;gjpy;%o;fpj; jpisg;gJ NtW. ,q;Nf utp ftpijfspy; %o;fpj;jpisg;gNjhL kl;Lkpy;yhky;> jhd; mg;gbj; jpisg;gjw;Fme;jf; ftpijfs; mg;gb vd;d khaq;fisr; Rke;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gijAk; rpe ;jid nra;J jd;fUj;Jfis ek;Kld; gfpHe;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhH.

‘fk;gidAk; fPl;i]Ak; ehd; ,d;W gbf;Fk; NghJ vd;Nwhkiwe;J tpl;ltuhy; vOjg; gl;L Vl;by; ciwe;J tpl;lnrhw;fisah gbf;fpNwd;? capNuhl;lKs;s kfhftpfSld;mstshTk; mDgt ,d;gj;jpy; my;yth %o;FfpNwd;”vd;fpwhH utp. ftpij mDgtk; ,J jhd;. ,g;gb %o;Fk;NghJ jhd; Mo;e;jpUf;Fk; ftpAs;sj;ijf; fhz KbAk;.

vi

‘mfj;Nj tpsq;Fk; cz;ik xspr ;Rlhpy ; Njhw;wk ;nfhz;L ntspg;gl;ljhy; ngha;ahfj; Njhd;Wk; fhl;rp caHe;jftpijahf kyHe;J cz;ik xsptPrp vd;Wk; thOk;,wthepiy ngWfpwJ’ vd;w thpfspd; %yk;> mDgtj;jpy;jpisj;Jf; nfhz;Nl> Mdhy; nfhQ;rk; tpyfp epd;W> Ma;e;JghHf;Fk; ,tUila jdpj ; jd;ikia ek;ik czuitf;fpwhH utp.

ftpij vOJtJ> ftpij GidtJ> ftpij ghLtJ vd;wepiyfisnay;yhk; fle;J ftpij Nahfj;jpy; Mo;tJ vd;wepiy gw;wpj;jhd; ,tH mjpfkhfr; rpe;jpj;jpUf;fpwhH ,e;jf;fl;LiufspNy. ftpij Nahfj;jpy ; Mo;e ;J> me;jMo;epiyapNyNa ftpQdplkpUe;J ntspg ;gLk;ftpijfspd; fdnyhspiaj; jhprpj;J kfpo;tJk;> mtw;wpd;jd;ikfspy; eide;J eide;J rpypHg ;gJkhdmDgtq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpahfNt ,e;j E}ypy;cs;s fl;Liufs; cUthfpAs;sd.

‘Gw mDgtj;ijj; jd; mfr; Ridapy; mkpo;j;jp vLj;Jf;ftpQd; toq;Fk; NghJ me;j mDgtk; epw tbtj; Njhw;wkhw;wq;fs; milaj; jhd; nra;fpwJ.’ vd;W ,tH $Wk; NghJ>jd; ftpij mDgt ntspg;ghl;ilj; jhd; ,tH nkhop khw;wk;nra;fpwhH vd;W vdf;Fj; Njhd;WfpwJ.

,e;j Nahf mDgt epiyapypUe;J rw;W tpyfp epd;W>,yf;fpa Ma;thsuhfTk; jdpj;j epiyapy; rpy ,lq;fspy;,tH NgRfpwhH. ,e;j Kuz; tpag;ghapUe;jhYk;> Ritaha;,Ug;gij kWf;f Kbatpy;iy.

fk;gDila ,uhk fhijapd; ghapuj;jpy; cs;s nrhw;fisMa;e;J nghUs; tpsf;Fk; Kiw kpfr; rpwg;ghf cs;sJ.

‘‘myfpyh’ vd;why; Fw;wkw;wJ vd;W nghpNahHfs; nghUs;nrhy;ypapUe;jhYk; mJ ‘Fwpf;fg;gl KbahjJ’ vd;wnghUisNa jUtjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ” vd;w thpfs; utpapd;rpe ;jidf;Fk; mf;fiuf;Fk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfs; vdr;nrhy;yyhk;. ,Nj Nghy> ghujpahH ‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij’vd;w thpapy; cs;s ‘njhopy;’ vd;w nrhy; gw;wpa ,tUilatpsf;fk; epide;J kfpoj; jf;fJ.

vii

‘tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;’ vd;w fl;Liu KOf;f KOf;fghujpapd; ‘tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha; me;jr; rpl;Lf;FUtpiag; NghNy’ vd;W njhlq;Fk; ghlypd; tphpTiuahfNtmike;jpUf;fpwJ. tHz jHkk;> M];uk jHkk; vd;W‘tHzh];uk jHkk;’ vd;w nrhw;nwhliug; gphpj;Jg; ghHj;J>Kuz;gl;l nghUSila ,uz;L nrhw;fspd; $l;lhf mijr;nrhy;yp tphpthf ,e;jf; fl;Liuapy; utp tpsf;fpapUf;fpwhH.,e;j tpsf;fk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba xd;W.

‘nty;Yk; nrhy;’ vd;w fl;Liuapy; gy ftpQHfspd;‘ntd;w nrhw;fs;’ gw;wpr; nrhy;fpwhH MrphpaH. njspTwNtmwpe;J njspT ju nkhopAk; Mw;wy; ,e;jf; fl;Liuapy;jd;id ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

,Nj fl;Liuapy;> nrhy;ypd; typik gw;wp> ,y;iy>typikAs;s nrhy; gw;wpg; NgRk; NghJ ed;gH ukzdpd;

jPNad;why; fhnlhpaj; Njndd;why; G+kfpojPNad;why; fhnlhpaj; Njndd;why; G+kfpojPNad;why; fhnlhpaj; Njndd;why; G+kfpojPNad;why; fhnlhpaj; Njndd;why; G+kfpojPNad;why; fhnlhpaj; Njndd;why; G+kfpotha;epd;wNguUNs thf;F ...tha;epd;wNguUNs thf;F ...tha;epd;wNguUNs thf;F ...tha;epd;wNguUNs thf;F ...tha;epd;wNguUNs thf;F ...

vd;w thpfisf; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;Fk; ngUe;jd;ik> kpFe;jkfpo;r;rp jUfpwJ.

‘nka; kwe;J Ngha; jd;idapof;fpd;w jtk; GhpAk;ftpQDf;F thd; jUk; tuNk nrhw;fs;.’ vd;W mOj;jkhfr;nrhy;fpwhH utp. ftpijr;Rit mDgtk; vOjpa thpfs; ,it.Ke;jpa gj;jpfspy; Ngrg;gl;lit Ma;Tf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;utp vOjpait. ,g;gb ,U NtW epiyfspy; epd;W NgRk;E}yhrphpahpd; jdpj;jd;ik tpag;Gk; gutrKk; jUfpwJ.

Xtpak;> rpw;gk;> ehlfk;> jpiug;glk; Nghd;w fiyfs;vy;yhNk xU fhl;rpia epiyg;gLj;jp mjw;F epiyj;jd;iktoq;fyhNk jtpu> mf;fhl;rpf;Fk; mij epiy epWj;jKide;j fiyQDf;Fk; Vw;gl;l fzNeug; gpizg;igAk;>me;jf; fzj;jpd; mDgtr; #oiyAk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy;ftpijiag; Nghy; mit ntw;wp ngWtjpy;iy vd;W $Wk;utpapd; fUj;Jfs; rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lfpd;wd.

‘Xir mikjp rpwpJk; mw;w XH ciueilntspg;ghL xUfzj;ij epiy ngwr; nra;Akhdhy;> jhd; tpthpf;Fk;fzj;jpd; mDgtf; fsj;Jf;F ek;ik mioj;Jr; nrd;W

viii

mjpy; ek;ikg; gq;Fnfhs;sr; nra;Akhdhy; mJ ftpijNa’vd;W $Wk; utp jd;Dila $w;Wf;F cjhuzkhf ghujpapd;trd ftpijia vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwhH.

QhapNw> ,Uis vd;d nra;J tpl;lha;?QhapNw> ,Uis vd;d nra;J tpl;lha;?QhapNw> ,Uis vd;d nra;J tpl;lha;?QhapNw> ,Uis vd;d nra;J tpl;lha;?QhapNw> ,Uis vd;d nra;J tpl;lha;?Xl;bdhah? nfhd;whah? tpOq;fpdhah?Xl;bdhah? nfhd;whah? tpOq;fpdhah?Xl;bdhah? nfhd;whah? tpOq;fpdhah?Xl;bdhah? nfhd;whah? tpOq;fpdhah?Xl;bdhah? nfhd;whah? tpOq;fpdhah?

vd;W njhlq;fp XLk; thpfspy; Xir mikjp ,y;iyvd;whYk; Xir moF ,Uf;fpwJ. nrhy;Yk; nghUs; ftpijf;fdj;Jld; ek;ikj; jhf;FfpwJ. ‘trd ftpij’ vd;W ghujpngahpl ;lhNuh> my;yJ NtW ahH me;jg ; ngaiur;#l;bdhHfNsh mJ trd ftpij vd;gjpy ; ,uz;LfUj;JfSf;F ,lkpy;iyjhd;.

vd;whYk; Xir mikjp ,y;yhj ciueil> NkNy utpFwpj;j tpisTfis Vw;gLj;j KbAkh vd;gJ vdf;Fj;njspthftpy;iy. mtNu$l ‘Vw;gLj;j KbAkhdhy;...’ vd;WjhNd nrhy;fpwhH. rhp.

‘ftpijr; Rit’ vd;w fl;Liuapy; mtH vd;d nrhy;fpwhHvd;W ghHg;Nghk;.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; ‘v];jbf;];’ vd;W toq;Fk; nrhy;iy>‘mofpay;’ ‘,d;gpay;’ vd;W nrhy;tij tplr; ‘Rit ,ay;’vd;W Fwpg;gpLtJ ,d;Dk; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W$WfpwhH utp. nrd;idg; gy;fiyf; fofk; ntspapl;Ls;sMq;fpyj; jkpofuhjpapy; ‘Rit eyQ; rhd;w>’ vd;w xUnghUSk; aesthetic vd;W nrhy;Yf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt‘Rit,ay;’ vd;W $WtJ nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;Wjhd; Njhd;WfpwJ. Mq;fpyj;jpy ; ey;y NjHr;rpAs;sjkpowpQHfs; jhk; Mq;fpyf; fiyr; nrhw;fSf;Fj; jFe;jjkpo;r; nrhw;fis cUthf;fpj; ju Ntz;Lk;.

ftpijr;Rit gw;wp kpfkpf Mokhfr; rpe;jpj;Jj; jd;fUj;Jfis ,e;jf; fl;Liuapy; ntspapl;bUf;fpwhH MrphpaH.Rit gfpHTr; rhjdq;fspy; ftpij Kjd;ik ngWfpwJvd;w jd; Kbthd fUj;ijg; gy tpjkhd rhd;WfSld;ep&gpf;f Kad;wpUf;fpwhH utp.

‘kuGk; GJikAk;’ vd;w fl;Liuapy; GJf; ftpijapd;Njhw;wk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ> jpU. e. gpr;r%Hj;jpapd;

ix

ftpijiaf; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpwhH. ey;y tPr;Rs;s GJf;ftpijmJ vd;gij kWf;f KbahJ.

Mdhy;> ‘GJf;ftpijfs; fl;Liufs; Nghyj;jhd;.mtw;wpd; Nehf;fKk; Mf;fKk; rpwe;jitNa. Mdhy; mitcs;@f;fk; jUk; Mw;wypy; Fiwe;jitNa” vd;w utpapd;thpfs; rpe;jidf; FhpaitNa.

nghJthfg; gyhpd; ftpijfspy; Mo;e;J jdf;F Vw;gl;lmDgtq;fis ek;Kld; moFwg; gfpHe;J nfhz;L te;jMrphpaH> ‘ftpijAk; ehDk;’ vd;w fl;Liuapy; jdf;Fk; jd;ftpijfSf;Fk; cs;s cwitr; nrhy;fpwhH.

czHTld;jd; mDgtq;fisf; ftpij ,iofshf,irf;Fk; NghJ> E}yhrphpaiu xU rpwe;j ftpQnud ehk;,dk; fz;L nfhs;fpNwhk;.

‘mtDf;fhff; nfhQ;rk; mof; $lhjh?’ vd;W njhlq;Fk;ftpij ek;ik nefpo itf;fpwJ.

‘,Jjhd; rkak; ,jak; jpwf;f...’ vd;w ftpij ghbf;nfhz;Nl Xirapof;f.. . Xirapof;f.. . vd;W ek;ikKZKZf;f itf;fpwJ.

xU ehs; ,utpy; jpahdj;jpy; mkHe;jpUe;j NghJ>gfytidf; nfhz;L te;J new;wpg; nghl;by; epWj;jp itf;Fk;Kaw;rpapy; gpwe;j ntz;ghf;fs; mtUf;F tpag;G+l;bajhf utpnrhy;fpwhH.

ekf;Fk;jhd; tpag;G+l;Lfpd;wd. mDG+jp epiyapy; gpwe;jftpijfshfj; Njhd;Wk; me;jg; ghly;fs; midj;JNkke;jpuk; Nghy; xypf;fpd;wd. ke;jpuk; NghyNt jd;Ds;vijNah kiwj;Jf;nfhz;Lk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

ghNo fdpe;J gutrj;jpy; Mo;e;JUfpghNo fdpe;J gutrj;jpy; Mo;e;JUfpghNo fdpe;J gutrj;jpy; Mo;e;JUfpghNo fdpe;J gutrj;jpy; Mo;e;JUfpghNo fdpe;J gutrj;jpy; Mo;e;JUfptPoj; njwpj;j fz; tPr;Rf;Fs; - Copf;tPoj; njwpj;j fz; tPr;Rf;Fs; - Copf;tPoj; njwpj;j fz; tPr;Rf;Fs; - Copf;tPoj; njwpj;j fz; tPr;Rf;Fs; - Copf;tPoj; njwpj;j fz; tPr;Rf;Fs; - Copf;fdiy tpijj; jhH fhhpUspy; Qhdg;fdiy tpijj; jhH fhhpUspy; Qhdg;fdiy tpijj; jhH fhhpUspy; Qhdg;fdiy tpijj; jhH fhhpUspy; Qhdg;fdiy tpijj; jhH fhhpUspy; Qhdg;Gdiyg; nghoptpj;jjhH?Gdiyg; nghoptpj;jjhH?Gdiyg; nghoptpj;jjhH?Gdiyg; nghoptpj;jjhH?Gdiyg; nghoptpj;jjhH?

vd;w ghly; neQ;rpy; gjpe;J nghUisr; nrhhpe;J kzf;fpwJ.

x

utpf;Ff; ftpij tuk; if $b ,Uf;fpwJ. mjdhy; jhd;‘ftpij tuk;’ gw;wp > mtH fuk; gw ;wpa N\hgdh utpmUikahff; fl;Liu xd;iw toq;fp ,Uf;fpwhH.

ftpij eilapy; fkOk; jkpopy; nja;t mUspd; fuj;jpd;tUliy mDgtpf;f itf;fpwJ ftpij tuk;.

‘,dpikAk; espdKk; nghUe;jpa nrhw;fshy; MdJftpij’ vd;fpwhH ,tH. ,tUila fl;Liuf;Fk; ,e;jf;$w;W nghUe;JfpwJ

FUtUspy; mtUf;F ,Uf;Fk; ek;gpf;ifAk; ftpjhNjtpapd; gpurd;dj;jpy; mtH mile;j gutrKk; fl;Liuapd;xt;nthU thpapYk; xspKfk; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

nkhj;jj;jpy;> ,e;j E}y; gbj;Jg; gbj;J ,d;GwTk;>epidj;J epidj;Jg; gutrg; glTk;> rpy fzq;fspy;ftpjhNjtpapd; jhprdk; ngwTk; nra;fpw E}y;.

utpAk; mtH JiztpahUk; ,e;jf; ftpij Nahfj;ij>,e;jf; ftpij Nts;tpiaj; njhlHe;J Mw;wp tu Ntz;Lk;jkpofk; gad;ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ jhd; vd; Mir.

15/1> ehfg;ga;aH njU15/1> ehfg;ga;aH njU15/1> ehfg;ga;aH njU15/1> ehfg;ga;aH njU15/1> ehfg;ga;aH njU eh. rP . tujuh[d;eh. rP . tujuh[d;eh. rP . tujuh[d;eh. rP . tujuh[d;eh. rP . tujuh[d;jpUty;ypf ;Nfzp>jpUty;ypf ;Nfzp>jpUty;ypf ;Nfzp>jpUty;ypf ;Nfzp>jpUty;ypf ;Nfzp> (gP\;kd;) (gP\;kd;) (gP\;kd;) (gP\;kd;) (gP\;kd;)nrd;id - 600 005.nrd;id - 600 005.nrd;id - 600 005.nrd;id - 600 005.nrd;id - 600 005.

xi

Kd;DiuKd;DiuKd;DiuKd;DiuKd;Diu

vvvvvd; taJ gd;dpuz;L> ftpij vd;id Ml;nfhz;lNghJ. vd; jkpohrphpaH GytH jpU. rpjk;guk; Rthkpehjd;mtHfs; tFg;gpy; Ngrpa jkpo; vd;Ds; ftpij Ntl;ifiaj;J}z;baJ. Vohk; tFg;G Kbj;jgpd; te;j Nfhil tpLKiwnrd;id ika E}yfj;jpy; esntz;ghNthLk;> fypq;fj;Jg;guzpNahLk;> ed;D}y; #j;jpuq;fNshLk; fope;jJ. gpwFghujpapd; kpd;dw; ftpijfshy; jhf;Fz;Nld;;; fk;gdpd;fd;dw; ftpijfis mUe;jp kfpo ;e ;Njd; ; ,sq;Nfhmbfspd; nrk;ikj; jkpopy; vd;id ,oe;Njd;; jpUf;Fws;NeHj;jpapy; njspTw;Nwd;. Mq;fpyf; ftpijfSk; vd;idmutizj;J tsHj;jd. nky;y nky;y vd; ftpijr; #oy;tphpe;jJ; ftpijf;Fk; ,iwikf;Fk; cs;s neUf;fk; Ghpe;jJ.Cw;nwLf;Fk; [Ptejp Cw;Wf;fz;Zf;F Mw;Wk; topghNlftpij vdj; njspe;Njd;.

‘ahJk; mtd;nkhopNa ahJk; mtd;ftpNa‘ahJk; mtd;nkhopNa ahJk; mtd;ftpNa‘ahJk; mtd;nkhopNa ahJk; mtd;ftpNa‘ahJk; mtd;nkhopNa ahJk; mtd;ftpNa‘ahJk; mtd;nkhopNa ahJk; mtd;ftpNaNgjk; njhiygNgjk; njhiygNgjk; njhiygNgjk; njhiygNgjk; njhiyg;; ;; ; gggggPP PP P H ngaHj;J.” H ngaHj;J.” H ngaHj;J.” H ngaHj;J.” H ngaHj;J.” (lh - 180)(lh - 180)(lh - 180)(lh - 180)(lh - 180)

vd;Ds; ftpijapd; Cw;Wf;fz; jpwe;jJ; ehs;NjhWk;ftpij kio nghope ;jJ. ntspg ;gLk; fhyk; jhNdtUnkd;W fhj;jpUe;Njd;. fhyk; te;jJ.

nrd;w Mz;L nrd;idapy; cs;s ‘,yf;fpar; rpe;jid”vd;w mikg;G vd;id XH ,yf;fpa ciuahw;WkhW gzpj;jJ.Nkilg; Ngr;R vd;w fiyiatpl> Ma;T Kidg;Gld;tbf;fg;gLk; fl;Liufspy; mjpf ehl;lk; nfhz;l ehd;>‘ftpij: xspAk; xypAk;” vd;w jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu xd;W vOjpmf;$l;lj;jpy; gbj;jspj;Njd;. mjw;Fg; gpwNf ftpijapay;gw;wpa vd; fUj;Jfis vOj;jpy; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk; vd;wCf;fk; gpwe;jJ. tpisT> ,e;E}ypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s vd;fl;Liufs;. Kjy; fl;Liu jtpu kw;wit midj;Jk; Mf];l;>1996 Kjy; etk;gH> 1996f;Fs; vOjp Kbf;fg;gl;ld.

,jpy; cs;s vd; fl;Liufs; vOjg;gl;l tpjj;ij Kjypy;tpsf;FfpNwd;. xU fUj;jPL (Concept) gw;wp KOikahfr;rpe;jpj;J> mJ gw;wp VidNahH rpe;jidfNshL jd;

xii

xiii

rpe ;jidfis xg;GNehf;fpj ; > jd; KbTfisj; jf;frhd;WiufNshL epWTk; Ma;TKiwikAld; ,f;fl;Liufs;vOjg;gltpy;iy. xU rpe;jidg; nghwpiag; gw;wp vOj>mjpypUe;J njhlHe;j rpe;jidfSk;> ehd; vd;Nwh gbj;jNghJ vd; mbkdj;jpy; mr;rpe;jidfis tpistpj;jVidNahH rpe;jidfSk;> ftpijfSk; jhNk ntspg;gl;L,f;fl;Liufis tbtikj;jd. MdhYk; vOjp Kbj;jgpd;>gbj;Jg; ghHj;jNghJ xU epiwT Vw;gl;lJ. KiwikahdMa;T Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhy; fpilj;jpUf;f KbahjcapNuhl;lk ; njd;gl ;lJ ; ,dp ftpijapay; Ma;Tepfo;j;JNthH vtUk; ,f;fl;Liufspy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;s$w;Wfis> Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhYk; rhp> vjpHj;jhYk; rhp>Gwf;fzpj;J tpl KbahJ vd;w cWjp cz;lhapw;W.

,f;fl;Liufspd; nkhopg ;ghq;F gw ;wpAk ; nrhy;yNtz;bapUf;fpwJ. ‘jdpj;jkpo; ,af;fk;’ gw;wp ,UNtWfUj;Jfs; ,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;fpd;wd.

nkhopj ;J}a ;ik Njitjhd;> xU ntspg ;ghL ve ;jnkhopapy; Vw;gLfpwNjh> me;j nkhop mwpe;NjhH midtUk;vspjpy; Ghpe;J nfhs;SkhW me;j ntspg;ghL mikaNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpNyNa ngUk;ghYk; nkhopj;J}a;iktypAWj;jg;gLfpwJ. vdNt me;j nkhopNgRk; midtUk;md;whlk; gapYk; nrhw;fNs me;j ntspg;ghl;by; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Nfhhpf;if rhpahdNj. Mdhy; fhyr;nrythy;> tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpfshy; xU nkhopNgRNthHmd;whlk; gapYk; nrhw ;fs; midj;Jk; mk;nkhopr ;nrhw;fshfNt ,Ug;gjpy;iy. fy;tpawptpy;yhj jkpouhd vd;tPl;Lj; Njhl;lf;fhuUf;F ‘kf;fs;’ vd;w nrhy; Ghpatpy;iy.‘[dq;f” vd;Nw nrhy;fpwhH. ‘mikjp’ vd;w nrhy; mtUf;Fg;Ghpatpy;iy. mtH mfuKjypapy; ‘fk;KD” vd;w nrhy;NymtUf;Fg; NghJkhdjha; cs;sJ. ehd; mthplk; njhlHGnfhs;s epidj;jhy; jdpj;jkpo; cjthJ.

Mdhy; fl;Liufs; ahUf;fhf vOjg;gLfpd;wd? ehd;Fwpg ;g pl ;l Njhl;lf;fhuiug ; Nghd;w ‘fy;tp’ mw;wtHfSf;fhfth? ,y;iy. mtHfs; ,e;E}iyg; gbf;fg ;Nghtjpy;iy. XusT vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpe;NjhH $l ,ijg;gbf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy.

.....

caHfy;tp gapd;w gpd; ,yf;fpa Ma;tpy; <LgLNthH,ijg; gbf;ff; $Lk;. Kiwahd fy;tpr; nrwptpd;wpAk;>ftpij ,d;gj;jpy; %o;fj; njhpe;J> fk;gidAk;> ghujpiaAk;>fz;zjhridAk;> ituKj;JitAk; gbj;J ,d;Gwj;njhpe ;jtHfSk; ,ijg; gbf;ff; $Lk;. mg;gbg ;gl;ltHfSf;fhf vOjg;gLk;NghJ XusT nkhopj;J}a;ikfhf;fg; glyhk;. vOj;Jj; jkpopyhtJ xU jdpj;jd;ikNgzpf; fhf;fg; glyhk; vd;Nw ehd; fUJfpNwd;. mjw;fhfciuapd; Xl;lj;ijj; jilnra;Ak; fbdkhdnrhy;yhf;fq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njitapy;iy.,f;$w;wpy ; ‘Njitapy;iy’ vd;w nrhy;Yf;f Plhf‘mtrpakpy;iy’ vd;W vOjpapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ‘Njit’vd;w jdpj;jkpo ;r ; nrhy; vspjpy; nghUs;gLk;NghJ>mjw;fPlhd ‘mtrpak;’ vd;w rk];f;Ujr; nrhy;iy Vd;gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;? ‘fhuzk;’ vd;w rk];f;Ujr; nrhy;iyehd; mg;gbNa ,f;fl;Liufspy; gad;gLj;jp cs;Nsd;;fhuzk;> mJ jpUts;StH jkpopNyNa Eioe;Jtpl;lJ(‘,yHgyH Mfpa fhuzk;”! (X-55)). ,dpa> vspajkpo;r;nrhy; ,Uf;f> mjw;fPlhd Ntw;Wnkhopr; nrhy;iyNtz;Lk; vd;Nw gad;gLj;jhky; > mNj Neuk; > gyE}w;whz;Lfshfj; jkpo;r; nrhy;yhfNt gapyg;gl;L> ,yf;fpaj;jFjpAk; ngw;Wtpl;l Ntw;Wnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;F vspakhw;Wr; nrhw;fs; jdpj;jkpopy; njd;glhjNghJ type;Jmtw;iwj; jkpohf;fk; nra;a Kw;glhky; vd; fl;Liufisehd; tbf;f Kad;Ws;Nsd;. ,ad;wtiu fiyr;nrhw;fisj;jdpj;jkpopy; ju Kad;Ws;Nsd;. me;j Kaw;rpapy; ehd;,Jtiu nra;ag ;gl ;l jkpohf;fq;fspd; Jiziaehltpy;iy. vd; rpe;jidapd; Xl;lk; jilglhky;> rpe;jpf;Fk;NghNj vdf;Fj; Njhd;wpa jkpohf;fq;fis ehd;ifahz;Ls;Nsd;. vdNt mit ,ay;gikjp ciladtha;vdf;F epiwtspf;fpd;wd. Atom vd;w nrhy;iy ‘mZ’vd;fpNwhk;. vdNt mZtpDk; El;gkhd Jfs;fisr;(Particles) ‘rpw;wZf;fs;’ vd;W Fwpj;Js;Nsd;. ,r;nrhy;mZtpd; cl;$WfisAk; (Sub-atomic Particles) Fwpf;Fk;;mZf;fspd; Gwj;Nj jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; Jfs;fisAk; (freeparticles) Fwpf;Fk;.

,e;E}ypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s vd; fl;LiufSs; ‘tpl;LtpLjiyahfp epw;gha;’ vd;w xU fl;Liu jtpHj;J kw;witmidj;Jk; ftpijapay; rhHe;jitNa. ‘tpl;L tpLjiyahfpepw;gha;” vd;w fl;Liu kl;Lk; ghujpapd; xU Fwpg;gpl;l

xiv

fUj;Njhl;lk; gw;wpaJ. mij ,e;E}ypy; NrHf;f Ntz;baNjit vJTkpy;iy. Mdhy; mijAk; ,e;E}ypy; ,lk;ngwr;nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w vd; mfj;J}z;Ljiy ehd;Gwf;fzpf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy. ‘ftpijAk; ehDk;” vd;w fl;Liukw;w fl;Liufspy; nrhd;d ftpijapay; $w;WfSf;Nfw;gvdf;F NeHe;j mDgtq;fisAk;> me;j mDgtq;fisepiyepWj;j Kad;Ws;s ftpijfisAk; gw;wpaJ. mJ xUKO tuyhW ,y;iy; MdhYk; vd; ftpijiaAk; vd; ftpijNtl;ifiaAk; njspTgLj;jf; $baJ.

ftpijfis urpg;gjpy; XusT vd;NdhL xj;j kdk;nfhz;l N\hgdhtplk; ,e;E}y; gw;wpa mtH rpe;jidfisAk;vOjpj ;jUkhW Nfl;Nld;. ,g;gbj;jhd; mtUilafl;LiuAk; ,e;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;wJ. mtH jk; kdj;ijNaMa;T nra;Ak; nka;apay; Ntl;ifad;wp NtW Ma;Tfspy;mjpf ehl;lk; ,y;yhjtH. mjdhy; mtH rpe;jidfs; mtHmfj;Js; Cw;nwLj;J te;j tpjk; khwhky; ,ay;ghfg; nghopag;gl;Ls;sd. ftpijr; Rit vd;w eahfuh mUtpapd; Njhw;wg;nghypitAk;> #oiyAk;> Xir eaq;fisAk; tpsf;fg; gyfl;Liufspy; ehd; KidfpNwd; vd;why; mtNuh jk;KilaXNu fl;Liuapy; gbg;Nghiu eahfuhTf;Nf mioj;Jr; nrd;W>me;j mUtpapy ; e Puhlr; nra;J> jpf ;FKf;fhlitj;JtpLfpwhH.

vd; ftpij czHTfis ehd; mt;tg;NghJ gfpHe;Jnfhz;l rpwpa tl;lj;jpy; ez;gHfs; t.Nt.R> Rfprptk;>ukzd;> Rg;G> R. utp Nghd;w ftpQHfs; ,Ue;J vd; ftpijMHtj;ij kpfTk; tsHj;jdH. mjd; tphpTf;F jpU. ghujpRuh[; mtHfSk; ghujp fiy fof ez;gHfSk;fhuzkhapdH. lhf;lH. m. epj;ahde;jk; mtHfNshL vdf;FVw;gl ;l el;Gk ; > mjdhy; ehd; ngw;w rpy Md;kpfmDgtq;fSk; me;j tphpit xsp nra;jd.

me;j xspiaAk; xypiaAk; ehd; cq;fSld; gfpHe;Jnfhs;fpNwd;> ,dptUk; gf;fq;fspy;.

,e ;E}iy ntspapl ,irT je;j khz;GkpF fy;tpmikr;rH NguhrphpaH jpU. f. md;gofd; mtHfSf;F vd;rhHgpYk; N\hgdhtpd; rhHgpYk; ed;wp njhptpj ;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;. ,jw;F mzpe;Jiu toq;fpAs;s jpU. eh. rP.tuj uh[d; mtHfSf;Fk; vq;fs; ed;wp chpj;jhfpwJ.

md;Gld;>md;Gld;>md;Gld;>md;Gld;>md;Gld;>


xv

& & & & & Nf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utp &&&&& 1

‘ftpij - xspAk; xypAk;”‘ftpij - xspAk; xypAk;”‘ftpij - xspAk; xypAk;”‘ftpij - xspAk; xypAk;”‘ftpij - xspAk; xypAk;”

gFjp xd;WgFjp xd;WgFjp xd;WgFjp xd;WgFjp xd;W

‘kio nghope;jpLk; tz;zj;ijf; fz;L ehd;thd; ,Uz;L fUk;Gay; $bNa,ioAk; kpd;dy; rNunydg; ghaTk;<u thil ,iue;njhyp nra;aTk;ciovyhkpil apd;wpapt; thdePHCw;Wk; nra;jp ciuj;jpl Ntz;Lk;fhy;kioAk; fhw;Wk; guhrf;jp nra;iffhz;tho;f jhnad;W ghLnkd; thzpNa” (m-76)

kio nghopAk; NghJ> mjd; tz;zj;ijf; fhz Ntz;Lk;vd;w vz;zk; xU ftpijiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ.

,Uz;lthDk;> fUj;j GaYk; xd;W $Lfpwjhk;; me;jf;$lypd; CNl xU kpd;dy; ‘rNuy;” vdg; gha;fpwjhk;; <ukz;zpd; thiliar; Rke;jgb fhw;W ,iur;ryhfxypnra;fpwjhk;;;; ,ilntspapd;wp kionghopfpwjhk;.

fhl;rpfs; vg;gb mLf;fLf;fhf tphpfpd;wd. kio nghopAk;tz;zj;ijf; fhzNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk;> ,Ul;Lf;Fk;GaYf;Fk; kpd;dYf;Fk; xsptbtk; jUfpwJ. ,e;j xsp>nkhop tbtk; ngWk;nghJ ftpijahfpwJ.

,e;jf; ftpij ,j;Jld; epw;ftpy;iy. fhl;rpfspd; tphptha;fdkio nghopAk; nra;jpia cyFf;Fr; nrhy;Yk;cs;@f;fk; ftpQDf;F Vw;gLfpwJ. mg;nghOJ mtDs;kw;nwhU Ngnuhsp vOe;J RlH tPRfpwJ. mtDs;> mtd;ftpijfspd; Cw;whfj; jpfOk; xspapy; kioAk; fhw;Wk;guhrf;jpapd; nra;iffshf xU nja;tpff; fhl;rpcUntLf;fpwJ. kioiag; ghlte;j ftpQd;> kioia kwe;J.thdk; kwe;J> fhw;W> jpir vy;yhk; kwe;J ‘tho;f jha;” vd;WghLfpwhd;. mJNt mtDs; ,Uf;Fk; cs;nshspapd;xyptbtk;. mijNa jd; ‘thzp” vd;W Nghw;Wfpwhd;ftpQd;.

Gwf;fhl;rpapy; Njhw;wk; nfhs;Sk; xU rpW nghwp - Xh;xspj;Jfs; - xU ftpQDila cs;nshspr; Rliuj; jhf;fpj;J}q;Fk; Rliuj; J}z;b vOg;Gk; jUzk; mtd; k`hftp

2 ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij

Mfpwhd;. ,e;j ufrpaj;ij NkNy fz;l ghujpapd; ghly; giwrhw;WfpwJ.

Gwj;Nj> Gyd;fisj; jhf;Fk; mjpHTfis kl;Lk;nkhopahf;fk; nra;gtd; ftpQdhf ,Uf;fyhk;. me;jmjpHTfisj; jd; cs;nshspapd; mjpHTfNshL ,ioj;J>];Ujp vdg;gLk; gz;epiy NrHj;J ntspg;gLj;JgtNdk`hftpQd;.

‘cs;sj;jpy; cz;ikxsp cz;lhapd; thf;fpdpNyxspAz;lhFk;” (m-169)

,ijj;jhd; Cdpid cUf;fpa nghpatH>

‘cs;nshsp ngUf;fp cyg;gpyhMde;jkha Njd;” (M-783)

vd;W ghbdhH.

‘nka;j;jpUg;gj Nkntd;w NghjpDk;,j;jpUj;Jwe; Njnfd;w NghjpDk;rpj;jpuj;jpd; myHe;jnre; jhkiuxj;jpUf;Fk; Kfj;jpid cd;Dths;” (m-174)

vd;w ftpijapy;> ngha;ahd> epiyaw;w nry;tkhfpa murgjtpf;F ‘nka;jpUg;gjk;’ vd;w gjj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpajd;%yk; xNu rkaj;jpy; ,uz;L fhl;rpfis tphpa itf;fpwhd;ftpr;rf;utHj;jp. Kb#l;L tpoh vd;W nrhd;d NghJk;>muirj; Jwe;J G+opntq;fhdk; nry; vd;W nrhd;dNghJk;>epiyjphpahj uh[huhkd; Kfk; mNrhftdr; rPijapd; mff;fz;zpy; epoyhLfpwjhk;. nka;j;jpUg;gjkhfpa itFe;jj;jpy;jpUkfNshL NrHe;J ,Ue;j NghJk;> cyf ed;ikf;fhf>mNahj;jpapy; mtjhpf;fj; jpUkfisg; gphpe;J tu Ntz;baNjit Vw;gl;lNghJk;> epiyjphpahj gue;jhkd; Kfk; ftpr;rf;utHj;jpapd; fhtpaf; fz;fspy; epoyhLfpwjhk;. ve;jf;fw ;gid xUGwk; fhl;rpahfTk;> ,d;ndhUGwk;cs;nshspapd; khl;rpahfTk; tsHepiy (ghpzhkk;)ngWfpwNjh> me;jf; fw;gidNa fhyk; ntd;W epw;Fk;ftpijahfpwJ.

,e;j cs;nshspapd; Cw;Wf;Fs; %o;fp vOe;jtd;jhd;“Heard melodies are sweet but those unheard are sweeter (c-235)

vd;W ghlKbAk;;;;;


‘kpd;dw; Ritjhd; nkypjha; kpf,dpjha;te;J guTjy;Nghy;” (m-283)

vd;W gutrg;gl KbAk;;

‘fw;G+uk; ehWNkh fkyg;G+ ehWNkh” (<-252)

vd;W tpaf;f KbAk;;

Rl;nlhpf;Fk; Rz;zhk;Gf; fhsthapy; epd;W nfhz;L<rd; ,izab epoy;

‘khrpy; tPizAk; khiy kjpaKk;tPR njd;wYk; tPq;fps NtdpYk;%R tz;liw ngha;ifAk; Nghd;wNj” (fP-1486)

vd;W G+hpg;gila KbAk;.

xU fhl;rp my;yJ Gyd; EfHr;rp xUtd; cs;nshspiaj;jhf;Fk; NghJjhd; ‘cs;@f;fk; ngWfpNwd;” (I am inspired)vd;W nrhy;fpwhd;. tpopiaAk; tpopr;RliuAk; NtWgLj;jp>xd;iw thdf; fUik vd;Wk; > ,d;ndhd;iw #hpare;jpuHfspd; Rlnuhsp vd;Wk; El;gkhfg; gphpj;Jg; ghHf;Fk;jpwd; Gwf; fz;fSf;F ,y;iy.1 mJ mfj;J}z;Ljy; my;yJcs;@f;fk; my;yJ inspiration vd;w rhjdj;jhy; kl;LNk,ad;wjha; MfpwJ. Vnddpy; cs;@f;fj;jhy; kl;LNkcs;nshsp J}z;lg; ngWfpwJ.

ftpij xsp vd;d vd;W fz;L nfhz;Nlhk;. ftpijxyp vd;d vd;W Nfl;fyhkh? cs;nshspiaj; J}z;Lk;cs;@f;fk; rhpahd nkhop tbtk; Vw;why; mJ rhfhtuk;ngw;w ftpijahfpwJ. ve;jr; nrhy; jhd; gpwg;ngLj;J te;jcs;@f;fj;ijf; Nfl;gtH neQ;rpYk; fpsHr;rpAwr;nra;fpwNjh me;jr; nrhy;Ny ftpijapy; ,lk; ngWk; jFjpngWfpwJ. mjdhy;jhd; ‘ke;jpuk; Nghy; Ntz;Lklhnrhy;ypd;gk;” vd;W k`hftp ghujp Nfl;lhd;. mg;gbg;gl;lnrhw;fs; ftpQDila cs;nshspapd; mjpHTfisvjpnuhypf;Fk; nrhw;fs;;;;;;;;;;;; gbg;gtUila cs;sj;ij CLUtpr;nrd;W mtHjk; cs;nshspapYk; mNj mjpHTfis Vw;gLj;jty;y nrhw;fs;.


gFjp ,uz;LgFjp ,uz;LgFjp ,uz;LgFjp ,uz;LgFjp ,uz;L

cccccs;nshsp vd;W NkNy Fwpf;fg;gl;lJ vJ? mJ xUrpyhplk; kl;LNk fhzg; gLtjh? midtHf;Fs;Sk; mJcz;lh? ,f;Nfs;tpfs; ek;ikj; jj;Jt tprhuk; vdg;gLk;nka;apay; Ma;Tf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;yf; $Lk;. mjw;F ,J,lkpy;iy. mjdhy; kpf; RUf;fkhf ,f;Nfs;tpfSf;F tpilfhz Kay;Nthk;.

midtHf;Fk;> Vd;> vy;yh capHfSf;Fk;> ‘cs;” vdxd;Wk;> ‘ntsp” vd xd;Wk; ,Ug;gJ eilKiw cz;ik.‘vdf;Fs; XH vz;zk; Njhd;WfpwJ” vd;Wk;> ‘,e;j Nki[vdf;F ntspNa ,Uf;fpwJ” vd;Wk; md;whlg; Ngr;Rtof;fpy; ehk; $w KbfpwJ. vy;yh capHfsplj;Jk; cs;s ,e;j‘cs;” xsp tPRtJk;> xsp Fd;wpj; Njhd;WJk; me;je;jcapiug; nghWj;jJ.

k`hd;fspd; mUfhikapy; kd mikjp fpilg;gjhff;$Wk; gf;jHfs; cyfpy; Vuhsk;. VJk; NgrhkNyNa ,tHfs;vg;gb kd mikjp juf; $Lk;? ,tHfSila cs;nshspapd;tPr ;R nkhopg ;ghyk; ,d;wpNa mz;batH kdj;ijCLUTfpwNjh? KOikahfr; RlH tPRk; cs;nshspnksdj;jhNyNa Qhdk; juty;yJ vd;gijj;jhd;jl;rpzh%Hj;jp gw;wpa Guhz epfo;r;rp tpsf;FfpwNjh? ve;jcapUk; KOikahd cs;nshsp ngwf;$Lk; vd;NwNjhd;WfpwJ.

xU k`hftp k`hd; ,y;iy. mtDila cs;nshsp gutnkhopj;Jiz Njitg;gLfpwJ. nkhopapd; FiwghLfshy;mtd; cs;nshsp KOikahfg; gut Kbahj Mw;whikmtd; ftpijfspy; mq;fq;Nf Gyg;gLfpwJ.

kionghope;jpLk; tz;zj;jpy; ,Ue;J guhrf;jpapd;nra;ifiag; ghl te;j ghujp> mLj;jfzNk> ,e;j kHkj;ijKOtJk; tpthpf;f Kbahj nkhopf;Fiwghl;lhy; NeUk;Jd;gj;Jf;F Mshfpwhd;.

‘nrhy;yp Df;nfsp jhfTk; epd;wplhs;nrhy;iy Ntwplk; nry;y toptplhs;” (m-76)

vd;W Gyk;Gfpwhd;. ftpijahTk; jdf;nfdf; Nfl;Fk;md;id> ftpijfspy; kpd;dp kiwfpwhNs md;wpKOikahfg; Gyg;gLtjpy;iyNa vd;W Gyk;Gfpwhd;.

‘ftpij ntWk; Mw;wy; ,y;iy; mJ XH Mw;whik”2 vd;NwNjhd;WfpwJ.


cs;nshsp gw;wpa tpsf;fj;jhy; XH Iak; vof;$Lk;.nja;tgf;jp cs;std; kl;Lk;jhd; k`hftp Mf KbANkh?,y;iy. rkak; rhuhj xUtd; $l k`hftpahf KbAk;. vtd;xUtd; jd; Gyd;fisf; jhf;Fk; Gw mjpHTfisj; jd;Ds;Mo;e;J> CLUtpr; nry;y mDkjpf;fpwhNdh> mtDilacs;nshsp me;j mjpHTfshy; J}z;lg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jmjpHTfis cyFf;F mwptpf ;Fk; Ntl;if mtDs;NkNyhq;FNkahdhy; mtd; k`hftpahf KbAk;.

thba gapiuf; fz;l Nghnjy;yhk; thba ts;syhhpd;cs;sk;;ƒ

‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mofpavd; jpUehNl md;G ehNlitafj;jpy; cd;ngUik jd;id ey;ykzpejpia caHFd;iwj; Njid ms;spg;nga;AeWQ; Nrhiyapidj; jkpohy; ghLk;Nguhty; jPHe;jjpy;iy mg;Ng uhty;nka;apjak; mWglTk; vd;, uj;jnts;sk;jhd; ntspg;glTk; jPUk; md;Nwh” (v-31> 32)

vd;W muw;wpa Gul;rpf; ftpQhpd; cs;sk;;

rha;T ehw;fhypapy; ntWikahd kdj;NjhL Xa;Tnfhs;Sk; nghOJ kdf; fz;zpy; jq;f epw Nlçgby;kyHfs; epoyhlf; fz;L jdpikapd; ,d;gj;ij EfHe;jNtHl;];nthHj;jpd; cs;sk;3; ,it vy;yhk; ftpcs;sq;fNs.

cs;sq;fs; vy;yhk; caug ; gwf;Fk; Mw;wy;cs;sitNa. rpy cs;sq;fs; kl;Lk; rpwF tphpj;Jg;gwf;fpd;wd; mit gwe;J nrd;W te;j mDgtq;fsg;ghLk; nghOJ kw;w cs;sq;fs; rpwfbj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd;rpypHj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd; tpiutpy; rpwF tphpj;Jg; gwf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Mtiy tsHj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd.


gFjp %d;WgFjp %d;WgFjp %d;WgFjp %d;WgFjp %d;W

ffffftpijapd; xyptbtk; gw ;wp NtWgl;l fUj;Jfs;epyTfpd;wd. xU tiuaWf;fg;gl;l tbtpy;jhd; ftpij,Uf;f Ntz;Lkh? Njitapy;iy vd;W nrhy;ypg ;gilf;fg;gLk; ntspg;ghLfs; jk;ikg; GJf;ftpijfs; vd;WjhNk mwptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd. tbt mikjp rhHe;jitkuGf; ftpijfs; vd;Wk;> rhuhjit GJf;ftpijfs; vd;Wk;jkpo; ,yf;fpa tl;lq;fspy; ,d;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j,uz;L gphpTfSf;Fk; elf;Fk; NghH ,d;Dk; Kbe;j ghby;iy.

ve;j ntspg;ghL cs;nshspapd; mjpHTfisj; jhq;fptUfpwNjh> ve;j ntspg;ghL> vd;W gbj;jhYk;> epd;Wgbg;NghH neQ;rpYk; mNj mjpHTfis XusNtDk; Vw;gLj;jty;yNjh> mJNt caHe;j ftpij. mJKd;KbTfSf;nfy;yhk; mg;ghw;gl;lJ.

tH[pdpah cy;çg ; vd;w kq;ifaH kpf mofhff;ftpijapd; jhf;fj;ij tpthpf;fpwhH:

xU ftpij ek;ikj; jhf;Fk; fzj;jpy; mf;ftpijiaj;jtpu NtW czHTfNs ,Uf;f Kbahj msTf;F mJek;ik mj;Jiz typikAlDk; NeubahfTk; jhf;FfpwJ.mg;nghOJ ehk; vj;Jiz mHj;jKs;s Moq;fSf;Fr;nrd;Wtu KbfpwJ! vg;gb jpBnud;W ehk; KOikahfme;j Moq;fspy; %o;fp tpLfpNwhk;. mq;Nf gpbkhdk;vJTk; ,y;iy; ek; tpiuitj; jilnra;a vJTk; ,y;iy...ftpQd; vg;nghOJk; ek; rkfhyj;jtNd. (“The poet isalways our contemporary”)4

,J vt;tsT mw;Gjkhd cz;ik.

fk;gidAk; fPl;i]Ak; ,d;W gbf;Fk; nghOJ vd;Nwhkiwe;J tpl;ltuhy; vOjg;gl;L Vl;by; ciwe;Jtpl;l ntw;Wr;nrhw;fisah gbf;fpNwhk;? capNuhl;lk; cs;sk`hftpfSld; mstshTk; mDgt ,d;gj;jpy; my;yth%o;FfpNwhk;!

“Poets are the hierophants of anunapprehended inspiration;”


vd;W njhlq;fp

“Poets are the unacknowledgedlegislators of the world”5

vd;W Kbf;fpwhd; n\y;yp. mtd; $w;Wg;gb ftpQHfs;tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Kbahj cs;@f;fj;jpd; mwptpg;;ghsHfs;;;epfo; fhyj;jpd;kPJ vjpHfhyj;jpd; neba epoy;fisg; gbaitf;Fk; Mbfs;;; jhq;fs; ntspg;gLj;Jtijj; jhq;fNs

Ghpe;J nfhs;shj nrhw;fs;; jhk; vg;gbg;gl;l cs;@f;fj;ijf;nfhLf;fpNwhk; vd;wwpahkNyNa NghHg;guzp ,irf;Fk;CJFoy;fs;;; jhq;fs; mirahky; (kw;wtw;iw) mirf;Fk;

jhf;fq;fs; ; mq;f Pfhpf ;fg ; glhkNyNa cyfpd; tpjpnra;gtHfs;;.

ftpijf;F tbtk; ftpQdhy; Kd;KbTnra;ag;gLtjpy;iy. jd; tbitf; ftpij> jhNd Kd;KbTnra;Jnfhs;fpwJ vd;W mutpe;jH vOjpAs;shH.6

,d;Dk; xUgb NkNy nrd;W> ftpij> jd; tbitkl;Lkpd;wpj; jd; cs;slf;fj;ijAk; jhNd Kd;KbT nra;Jnfhs;tjhfNt vz;zj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ‘ftpij - xspAk;xypAk;” vd;gJ gw;wp xU fl;Liu vOjg;glNtz;Lk; vd;wKd;KbNthL ,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gLtJNghy; ftpijfs;vOjg;gLtJ ,y;iy. vOjp Kbf;fg; gl;l gpwNf ftpij vijg;gw;wpaJ vd;w czHT ftpQDf;F Vw;gLfpwJ. ,g;gbCw;wha;g; ngUf;nfLf;Fk; ftpijf;Fk;> Kd;KbNthLKide;J vOjg;gLk; ftpijf;Fk; NtWghLntspg;gilahfNt njhpe;JtpLk;. kio> thd;> Gay; vd;Wftpij Cw;nwLf;fj; njhlq;fpaJNk> mJ ‘tho;f jha;’ vdKbag; Nghtjhf xU Kd;KbT ghujpf;F ,Ue;jpUf;fKbahJ.

ftpij vd;gij VNjh kHkk; epiwe;j xd;whf,t;thrphpad; khw;w Kay;tJNghy; xU Njhw;wk; voyhk;.ftpijia urpf;Fk; NghJ mjpy; kHkk; vJTk; ,y;iy. Mdhy;mijg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s KidAk;NghJ> $Hikahd mwpT$lKidKwpe;J NghfpwJ.

‘cz;ikahd ftpij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sg;gLk; Kd;NgnjhlHG nfhs;s ty;yJ.”7 vd;W b. v];. vypal; vOjpaij


vjpnuhypg;gJ Nghy; ‘ftpij Ghpaj;jhd; Ntz;Lkh?” vd;WNfl;fpwhH R[hjh mtH NkYk; vOJfpwhH:

‘rpy ftpijfs; GhptNj ,y;iyNa vd;W Nfl;fpwhHfs;.ftpij Ghpa Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ fl;lhak; ,y;iy vd;Wnrhy;Ntd;. Understanding stops action vd;W ePl;N\ nrhd;dijNahrpj;Jg; ghUq;fs; ... xU ftpij vd;gJ mDgtf; flj;jy;” (F-112)

mDgtf; flj;jy; vd;w mUikahd nrhw;nwhliu R[hjhgad;gLj;JfpwhH. jhd; Rke;JtUk; cs;nshspapd;mjpHTfisg; gbg;gtH neQ;rpYk; Vw;gLj;jpj; jhd; ve;jmDgtj;jpy ; gpwe ;jNjh> me;j mDgtr; #oYf;Nfgbg;gtiuf; flj;jpr; nrd;Wtplf; $baJ ftpij.

caHe;j mDgtr; #oYf;F mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; ftpijfs;caHe;j ftpijfs;.

k`hftp fhspjh]dpd; ‘Fkhu rk;gtk;’ vd;w fhtpaj;jpd;Ie;jhtJ gFjpapy;> jtf;Nfhyj;jpy; epw;Fk; ghHtjpapd; Nky;tpOk; kioj;Jspfisf; fPopUe;J vOk; Ie;joy;fis(gQ;rhf;fpdpfis) vjpHnfhs;s NkypUe;J tUk; fUizkioahf cUtfpj;Jf; Nf. MH. =epth] Iaq;fhHvOJfpwhH.

‘ftpijr; Rit kw;Wk; cs;nshsp Mfpa caHepiyf;Fek;ik vOe;Jaur; nra;td ,j;jifa cUtfq;fNs.mg;gbg ;gl ;l ftpij (cj;jNkhj;jk fht;ahDgt)vjpHghuhky; ntspf; fpsk;Gk; fjpHtphp Rlnuhsp Nghd;wJ.mjpy; tpisAk; ngUkfpo;r;rpAk; RitAk; ngUk;ghYk;Md;kpfj; njspT Nghd;witNa”8

mDgtf; flj;jy; caHepiy Nehf;fp ,Uf;f Ntz;baijNa‘vOe;Jau” (take-off) vd;w nrhw;nwhlH %yk; ,tHFwpg;gpLfpwhH.

jkpotd; vd;w jw;fhy ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;thsH> ‘#oy;’vd;gJ urpf uQ;[dp rghNth> n`r;. vk;. tp. nufhHNlh,y;iy vd;W kWj;Jtpl;Lg; gpd;tUkhW vOJfpwhH;

‘#oy; vd;gJ ,yf;fpag; gilg;gpy; xUthpd; rhuhk;rNky;ghHitf;Fj; njd;glh cs;rf;jp; mjhtJ r%f>

& & & & & Nf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utp &&&&& 9nghUs;tif ,af;fkhfpa mbMo tp\ak;. ,yf;fpaj;jpd;tbtk; cs;slf;fk; vd;nwy;yhk; nrhy;fpNwhNk mtw;wpd;epHza rf;jp” ($-9)

ehl;baf; fiyapay; ,aw;wpa gujH fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;Jftpij ‘ur-j;tdp” ,izg;ghfNt rk!];f;Uj ,yf;fpatl;lj;jpy; fUjg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. ‘urk;’ vd;gJ jkpotd;tpsf;fpa #oYf;F xg;ghdJ. jf;fhsp urj;ijj; jpdrhpmDgtj;jpy; urpf;Fk; ehk; uhkhazk; vd;w gue;j ntspiaCLUtpg; glHe;jpUf;Fk; fUiz urj;ij mwpe;Js;Nshkhvd;W Nf. MH. =epthr ma;aq;fhH Nfl;fpwhH. Mz;gwitnfhy;yg;gl;lJk; ngz;gwitf;F Vw;gl;l Jauk; tpistpj;jfUizg; ngUf;F> me;jf; fUzh u]j;Jf;F xU fhtpatbtspj;jjhy;jhd; uhkhaz fhtpak; gbg;gtH> Nfl;gtHneQ;rpy; fUiz Cw;nwLf;f itf;fpwJ vdr; nrhy;yp,‘caHe;j ftpijahd uhkhazj;jpd; fhuzkhfTk;tpisthfTk; ,Ug;gJ fUizr; RitNa”9 vd;W vOJfpwhHNf.MH.v];.

ey;y Ritiar; Rke;JtUk; Xir thd; ntspiaj; J}a;iknra;fpwJ. nksd epiyapy; mkHe;J jtk; nra;Ak; xU rpj;jHnkhopj ;Jiz ,d;wpNa ey;y mjpHTfisg; gug ;gpthd;ntspiaj; Jyf;FfpwhH. k`hftpfNsh ey;y ‘j;tdp”vd;w rhjdj;jpd; %yk; mijNa nra;fpwhHfs;. J}a;ikahdthd;ntsp ey;y mDgtr; #oYf;Fg; XH mbg;gilj; Njit.vdNt caHe;j mDgtr; #oYf;Fg; gbg;gtiu mioj;Jr;nry;Yk; ftpijfNs Njitahfpd;wd. jd; clypy; Vw;gl;lGz;fSf;Ff; $l kjpg;gspf;Fk; tifapy;>

‘Kj;J gtsk; KOtapu khzpf;;fk;gj;jiu khw;Wg; gRe;jq;fk; - rpj;jd;rpuq;fg;g uhad; rpwpNad; vdf;Fj;juq;fz;L je;j jdk;”

vd;W Njrpf tpdhafk; gps;is ghba kuig kwe;J el;rj;uf;Ftpay; epiwe;j thdj;ijg; ghHj;J ,e;j thdj;Jf;Fr; nrhwpgpbj;Jtpl ;lJ> vd;nwy;yhk; vOJk; gz;glhjntspg;ghLfis ehk; jtpHf;f Ntz;Lk;. jtk;> Nahfk;> ftpij,tw;wpy; Ntl;if Fiwaf; Fiwa thd;ntsp khRgLk ; ; . mRumjpHTfNs thdj;ijr; #o;e ;J nfhs;Sk;. vdNtftpijia xU Nahfkhfg; gapYk; Ntl;ifia tsHj;Jf;


nfhs;Nthk;. mz;lg; ngUntsp midj;ijAk; ghjpf;Fk; xUnghpa nghWg;G ftpQHfSf;F ,Ug;gij czHe;Jnfhs;Nthk;.

‘ehd; vOg;Gk; Xirjhd; - ,e;jkhepyk; vq;Fk; Nkhjpr; rpjwpthdk; G+kpvd itak; gpse;J,ilg;gl;l ntspvq;Fk; ,bkpd;dy; kioahfpf;fhw;iwr; nrhLf;fpf; fhjy; epidTfisMw;wq; fiuapy; moF kyHfsha;mLf;fp itj;Jg; gr;irg; gNrnyd;wGd;difapd; CNl GFe;J tpisahbcq;fSf; nfd;NwhH cyfk; gilj;Jcq;fs; kdj;Jf;Fs; Copf; fdnyOg;gpcq;fs; czHTfis Cjpf; fiyj;jgbj;jpq;fs; gfnyd;W Njfk; vLj;jgbvq;Fk; gutp vf;fhsk; ,Ltnjy;yhk;ehd; vOg;Gk; xirjhd;.xirvOg;Gk; cj;Ntfk;jhd;vd;Mirf; filahsk; Vf;fj;Jf; fhjhuk;.me;jMjhu rf;jpf;Nf Mshfp tpl;ltidehjg; nghUisNa ek;gpf; fplg;gtidf;fhJ Fspuf; NfSq;fs; - vd;Xirg; ngUntspapy; cl;fhHe;j gbmq;Nfcjaf; fjpuoif cw;Wf; ftdpAq;fs;,jak; ntbj;Jr; rpjWz;L NghdhYk;cjaf; fjpuoif cw;Wf; ftdpAq;fs;cyfg; gug;Ng cjpHe;J NghdhYk;Gydopa thUq;fs; Gydope;J NghdhYk;Gjpa tbtq;fs; G+z;L kfpOq;fs;rpe;ij mope;jhYk; nrtpkyHe;J epy;Yq;fs;tho;f;ifg;Gay;vd;d nra;Ak;mg; NghJ?” (f-1980)


Fwpg;Gfs;

1. Rl;Lk; tpopr;RlHjhd; - fz;zk;kh#hpa re;jpuNuhtl;lf; fhpatpop – fz;zk;khthdf; fUiknfhy;Nyh. (m-346)

2. 1982-y; xspgug;ghd ‘fhdg;gwit” vd;w nrd;idj;njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpf;fhd gpd;dzp ciuapy; ,f;fl;LiuMrphpad; vOjpaJ.

3. “For oft when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood

They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude…..” (V)

4. “The impact of poetry is so hard and direct that for the momentthere is no other sensation except that of the poem itself. Whatprofound depths we visit then — how sudden and complete is ourimmersion! There is nothing to catch hold of; nothing to stay us inour flight……………….. The poet is always our contemporary”.

(Nf-10)

5. “Poets are the hierophants of an unapprehended inspiration; themirrors of the gigantic shadows which futurity casts upon thepresent; the words which express what they understand not; thetrumpets which sing to battle and feel not what they inspire; theinfluence which is moved not, but moves. Poets are theunacknowledged legislators of the world.”. (Nf -242)

6. “Poetry rather determines its own for, the form is notimpressed on it by any law mechanical or external to it”.

(if-12)

7. “It is a test…… that genuine poetry can communicatebefore it is understood” (Nf -372)

8. “It is such figures that effect the take-off to higher realms ofpoetic appreciations and spiritual illuminations. Such poetry —uttamottama kavyanubhava — is verily akin to the outleap of aradiant unexpected light and exhilaration and enjoyment that ismore like spiritual realization”.

(nf -12)

9. “Karuna Rasa is thus both the cause and the effect of the poeticmarvel, Ramayana.” (nf -5)


ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij

xU fhtpaj;jpy ; ,lk; ngWk; flTs; tho;j ;J>mf;fhtpaj;jpd; jd;ikia> mij vOjpa ftpQdpd;nfhs;if my;yJ Nehf;fj;ij> ntspg;gLj;JtjhfNtngUk;ghYk; mike;JtpLfpwJ.

‘mfu Kjy vOj;njy;yhk; Mjpgftd; Kjw;Nw cyF” (x-3)

vdj; njhlq;FfpwJ jpUf;Fws;. vijAk; fhuz fhhpaj;njhlHNghL tpsf;Fk; msitapay; (Logic) newpKiwg;gbj;jpUf;Fws; E}y; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sij vLj;j vLg;gpNyNatpsf;FfpwJ ,e;jg; ghapuk;. vjw;Fk; xU Kjy; my;yJ‘njhlf;fk;” ,Ue;Nj Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ msit ,aypd;mbg;gilf; $w;W1. ‘vg;gb vOj;Jf;nfy;yhk; ‘mfuk;’

Kjd;ikNah mg;gbNa cyFf;F xU ‘Kjy;’ my;yJ

njhlf;fk; cz;L ; mJNt Mjp gftd;” vd;WmwpTWj;jg;gLfpwJ. nrhy;y te;jij kl;Lk; nrhy;yp> mijctikahy; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; ftpij eaj;NjhL> msit ,ay;hPjpahf mij kWf;f Kbahj tz;zk; epiy ehl;Lk; ghq;F>jpUf;Fws; E}y; vj;jifaJ vd;gij tpsf;FfpwJ. Mjpgftd; vd;w flTs; ,t;Tyifg; gilj;jhd; vd;W ,f;Fws;nrhy;ytpy;iy. gilf;fg; glhkNyNa ,t;TyF jhNdcjpj;jnjd;Wk; ,f;Fws; nrhy;ytpy;iy. vLj;Jf;nfhz;lnghUspd; vy;iyf; NfhLfis kPwhj jd;ikf;F ,f;Fws;XH vLj;Jf;fhl;L. cyFf;F xU ‘Kjy;’ cz;L vd;gJ kl;LNk,f;Fwspy; njspT nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

‘flTs; tho;j;J’ vd;w ghapukhfg; gj;Jf; Fwl;ghf;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Kjy; mj;jpahaj;jpy; ve;jf; Fwl;ghTk; flTisNeubahfj; Jjpf;Fk; ghzpapy; mikag; ngwtpy;iy. mNjrkaj;jpy;> ,iw tzf;fj;jpd; ,d;wpaikahik njspthfvLj;Jiuf;fg; gLfpwJ. jpUf;Fws; xU ePjp E}y;> cyfg;nghJkiw vd;w cz;ikia cs;sgb czHj;JtjhfNt,g;ghapuk; mikag; ngw;Ws;sJ.

ftpr;rf;utHj;jp fk;gH jd; fhtpaj;jpd; ghapuj;ij mikj;jtpjk;> mf;fhtpaj;jpd; jd;ikiaAk;> Nehf;fj;ijAk; njspTnra;fpwJ.


‘cyfk; ahitAk; jhk;cs Mf;fYk;epiyngWj;jYk; ePf;fYk; ePq;fyhmyfpyh tpisahl;LilahH mtHjiytH md;dtHf;Nf ruz; ehq;fNs” (M-1)

‘Mf;fy;’ vd; ;w nrhy; ‘gilj;jy;’ vd;gjhfg;nghUs;gl;lhYk;. ‘jhk; cs Mf;fy;” vd;w nrhw;nwhlH NkYk;tphpthfg; nghUs;gLfpwJ. ‘cyfk; vy;yhk; jhNk cs;sdNghy; mtw;iw Mf;fy;” vd;W mJ tphpT ngWfpwJ. gilg;Gf;nfhs;if (Theory of creation) vdg;gLk; jj;Jtj;ij kwj;J>cyfk; jhNd kyHe;jJ (Spontaneous generation) vd epWtKaYk; jd;kyHr;rpf; $w;iwAk; ,e;jr; nrhw;nwhlH jd;Ds;mlf;fp mNj rkak; gilg;Gf; nfhs;ifapd; Nkd;ikiaAk;giwrhw;WfpwJ. jhNk kyHe;jdthf> my;yJ jhNk vd;Wk;,Ug;gdthfj; Njhw;wkspf;Fk; cyfk; ahTk; epiytsHnfhs;if (Theory of evolution) vdg;gLk; $Hjy; mwj;Jf;FVw;g nky;y nky;y tphptile;J tsHtij> ‘epiyngWjy;’vd;w nrhw;nwhlH %yk; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwhH> fk;gH.‘epiyngWj;jy;’ vd;w nrhw;nwhlH epiytsH nfhs;ifiakl;Lkd;wpj; jw;fhy mwptpay; Jzpghd tphptpaDyFf;nfhs;ifiaAk; (Theory of expanding universe) Fwpg;gjhfmike;Js;sJ.2 epiyngWj;jy; vd;w ,af;fk; XHcr;rfl;lj;ij mile;jgpd; Fd;wpr; RUq;fpj; jhd; ,d;wpg;Ngha;tpLk; cynfhLf;fk; (involution) vd;w fUj;Jf;F Vw;g‘e Pf ;fy;’ vd;w nrhy; gad;gLj;jg ;gLfpwJ ,d;ikepiyf;Fg;gpd; cz;ik epiy kPz;Lk; Vw;gl;L> ‘cz;ik -gd;ik - ,d;ik - cz;ik” vdr; Roy; ,af;fkha; khwpkhwp tUtjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLk; $w;iw ‘ePq;fyh” vd;w nrhy;%yk; fk;gH czHj;JfpwhH. jhNk ,Ug;gJ NghyTk;> tsHe;J.Fd;wp> kyHe;J> kPz;Lk; tsHtJ NghyTk; Njhw;wkspf;Fk;cyfk; ahitAk; gilj;Jf; fhj;J ePf;Fk; guk;nghUis,g;ghlypy; fk;gH tzq;FfpwhH. ‘jhk; cs Mf;fy;”>‘epiyngWj;jy;” Mfpa nrhw;nwhlHfs; %yk; guk;nghUNscyfha; kyHe;J tphptilAk; cs;epiyj; jd;ik (Immanence)czHj;jg;gLfpwJ. cyfha; kyHe;J tsHe;J tphptilAk;guk;nghUs; ,e;jr; Roy; ,af;fj;ijf; fle;Jk; ,Uf;Fk;flepiyj; jd;ik (Transcendence)> ‘ePf;fy;” vd;w nrhy;%yk; Fwpg;ghy; czHj;jg;gLfpwJ. ‘cz;ik - gd;ik -,d;ik” vd;w Row;rpapd; cs;Sk;> mijf; fle;Jk; ,Uf;Fk;‘flTs;” vdg;gLk; guk;nghUs; epiy ,e;jg; ghapuj;jpy;


Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jr; Row;rpAs; Ngjg;gLtd ed;ik - jPik>nka;ik - ngha;ik> Nghd;wit. ,e;jr; Row;rpNa ed;ikah>j Pikah> nka;ikah> ngha;ikah vd;w Nfs;tpfs;nghUsw;wit. xw;iwg;gil vz;fs;> ,ul;ilg; gil vz;fs;vd;gjhf vz;fs; NtWgl;lhYk;> ‘vz;” vd;gNjxw;iwg;gilah ,ul;ilg; gilah vdf; Nfl;gJ mwpTf;Fiwghld;Nwh? vdNt cyfr; Roypaf;fNk nka;ah -ngha;ah my;yJ ey;yjh - jPajh vd;w Nfs;tp nghUsw;wJ.vdNt ,e;jr; Roy; XH ‘myfpyh tpisahl;L” vdg;Ngrg;gLfpwJ. ‘myfpyh” vd;why; ‘Fw;wkw;wJ” vdg;nghpNahHfs; nghUs; nrhy;ypapUe;jhYk;> mJ ‘Fwpf;fg;glKbahjJ” vd;w nghUisNa jUtjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. nka;- ngha;> ed;ik - jPik Mfpa Ntw;Wikf; Fwpg;ngJTk; rhuhjFwpnahzhj; jd;ik (non-referential nature) Rl;lg;gLfpwJ.nka;Akpd;wpg ; ngha;Akpd;wp > ey;yjhfTk; ,d;wpf ;nfLjyhfTk; ,d;wp> Mdhy; jd;Ds; Ntw;Wikfisntspg;gLj;Jk; ,af;fk;jhd; tpisahl;L. fhy;ge;jhl;lj;jpy;tiyf;Fs; ge;ij tpor; nra;jhy; mJ ey;yJ my;yJ ntw;wpg;Gs;sp; mjpy; vy;iy fle;J ge;ij tpor;nra;jhy; nfl;lJmy;yJ Njhy;tpg ; Gs;sp. ,e;j tifahd ghFghLfhy;ge;jhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk;> fhy;ge;jhl;lNk ed;ikNahjPikNah MfptplhJ. mJ xU tpisahl;L. mJNghd;Nwcyfr; Roypaf;fk; XH ‘myfpyh tpisahl;L”. ,jpy;tpisahLtijj; jtpu> mJTk; ,e;j tpisahl;bd;tpjpfSf;F cl;gl;L tpisahLtijj; jtpu ekf;F NtWtopapy;iy vd;w Qhdj;jpd; tpisNt ruzhfjpf; nfhs;if.,e;j ruzhfjpj; jj;Jtj;jpd; ntspg;ghlhfNt ,uhkhtjhuepfo;r ;rpfs; cs;sd vd;gJ rhd;NwhH fUj;J. ,uhkfhijiaj; jkpopyf;fpakhf;fj; jhk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;lgzpapd; jd;ikiag; ghapuj ;jpNyNa fk;gHGhpaitj;JtpLfpwhH. ruzhfjp Nghjpj;J tuhjJ. mJ nra;Jfhl;lg; glNtz;baJ. vdNt jhNk ruzile;J> jd;fhtpaj;ijg; guk;nghUSf;Ff; fhzpf;if Mf;FfpwhHftpr;rf;utHj;jp.

,dp ghujpf;F tUNthk;. tpehafH ehd;kzp khiyapy;tUk; xU ghly;:

‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij ehl;bw; Fioj;jy;,ikg;nghOJk; Nrhuh jpUj;jy; - cikf;fpdpaike;jd; fzehjd; ek;Fbia tho;tpg;ghd;rpe;;ijNa ,k;%d;Wk; nra;.” (m-10)

& & & & & Nf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utpNf.utp N\hgdh utp &&&&& 15flTs; tho;j;J my;yJ Jjpg;ghly; Nghyj; Njhw;wkspf;Fk;

,f;ftpijapd; %yk; ghujp jd;idNa cyFf;F mwpKfk;nra;JtpLfpwhd;;.

‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij” vd;W giwrhw;Wfpwhd;. ftpijvOjpf; fhR NrHj;J tapW tsHg;gijah ‘njhopy;’ vd;WFwpg;gpLfpwhd;? ,y;iy. jkpopy;> ‘ghHj;jy;’> Nfl;ly;’> el;ly;’>Nghd;wit njhopw; ngaHfs; vdg;gLk;. ,q;Nf njhopy;vd;gJ nghUsPl;ly; ,y;iyNa. njhopy; vd;gJ nra;ag;gLk;tpid> my;yJ XH ,af;fk;. ,jw;F ghujpaplNk Mjhuk;Nfl;fyhk;.

‘njspTwNt mwpe;jpLjy; njspTju nkhope;jpLjy;rpe;jpg;ghHf;Nffsptsu cs;sj;jpy; Mde;jf; fdTgyfhl;ly; fz;zPHj;Jsptucs; cUf;Fjy;,q; fpitvy;yhk; ePmUSk;njhopy;fs; md;NwhxsptsUk; jkpo;thzP mbaNdw; fpitmidj;Jk; cjTthNa” (m-405)

vd;W ghQ;rhyp rgjj;jpy; ghujp ,iwQ;Rfpwhd;. njspTwmwpjYk;> njspT jUkhW nkhopjYk;> Mde;jf;fdTfisj; J}z;LjYk;> cs; cUf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jYk;njhopy;fs;. mJTk; xU ftpQDila njhopy;fs;. ekf;Fj;njhopy; ftpij> mjhtJ> fzk;NjhWk; xU ftpQdhfNttho;jy; vd mwptpf;Fk; tpioTk;> JzpTk; ,Ug;gjhNyNa>ftpQdpd; ,d;wpikahj njhopy;fisj; jdf;F cjTk;gbthzpaplk; ghujp ,iwQ;Rfpwhd;. thzpAk; cz;ik xspAk;ghujpf;F NtWNtW ,y;iy.

‘cs;sj;jpy; cz;ikxsp cz;lhapd; thf;fpdpNyxspAz;lhFk;” (m-169)

vd;W cWjpNahL nrhy;gtd; ghujp. mjdhy;jhd; jd;tpz;zg;gj;ij ‘xsptsUk; jkpo;thzp” aplk; itf;fpwhd;.mtd; cs;sj;jpy; RlUk; cz;ik xsp mtd; thf;fpy;jkpoha;g ; nghUf;nfLg;gjhy; me;j xspnts;sj;ij‘jkpo ;thzp” vd;W mioj;J Mde;jg ;gLfpwhd;.rk];f;Ujj;jpy; ru];tjp vd;wiof;fg;gLk; epiyAk; jkpopy;fiykfs; vdg;gLk; epiyAk; NtWNtwpy;iy. MdhYk;ghujp Fwpg;ghfj; ‘jkpo; thzp’ vd;wiog;gjd; fhuzk;mtd; cs;sj;jpd; cz;ik xsp mtd; thf;fpy; jkpoha;g;


ngUf;nfLf;Fk; Mde;jNk. ,jw;F NtW xU Fwpg;Gk;Njhd;WfpwJ.

jf;f rkaj;jpy; fk;gH Gyikf;F ,Of;F Neuhj tz;zk;Njhd;wpr ; rhd;wspj ;jJ ru];tjp NjtpNa vd;Wek;gg;gLfpwJ. ‘Jkp” vd;w nrhy; njhlHghf.

“Ma fiyfs; mWgj;J ehd;fpidAk;Va czHtpf;Fk; vd;mk;ik - J}acUg;gspq;F Nghy;ths; vd; cs;sj;jpd; cs;Ns,Ug;gs; ,q;F thuh jplH” (r-1)

vdj; njhlq;fp ru];tjp k PJ Jjpg ;ghly;fs; vOjptzq;fpatH fk;gH. thzpaplk; tpz;zg;gk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;vd;W ghujp epidj;j fzj;jpNyNa mtd; rpe;jidapd;mjpHTfspy; fk;gehjk; xypf;fj; njhlq;FfpwJ. vg;gb?njspTw mwpjYk; njspTjUkhW nkhopjYk; ekf;Ftpsq;Ffpd;wd. Mde;jf; fdT gyfhl;lYk; tpsq;FfpwJ.mJTk; fsptsu cs;sj;jpy; Mde;jf; fdTgy fhl;b>Mde;jf; fz;zPH jSk;g cs;sj;ij cUf;FjYk; GhpfpwJ.‘rpe;jpg;ghHf;Nf” vd;W Vfhukpl;Lr; nrhy;tJ Vd;? ,q;Nf‘rpe;jid’ vd;gJ Nahrid> my;yJ Ghpe;J nfhs;Sjy;(Thought or understanding) vd;w nghUsstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. gpwF ‘rpe;jid’ vd;gJ vd;d? fk;gdplk;nry;fpwhd; ghujp.

njhiyJ}uj;jpy ; ,Ue;J Ml;fs; Gil#o gujd;tUtijg; ghHj;j Ffd;> ehL nfhLj;jek; ehafDf;Ff;fhL$lf; nfhLf;ff; $lhnjd;W gujd; gilvLj;JtUtjhf epidj;Jr; rPw;wk; mile;J gpwF gujd; mUfpy;te;jJk;

‘tw;fiyapd; cilahid khrile;j nka;ahidew;fiyapd; kjpvd;d eifapoe;j Kfj;jhidfw;fdpaf; fdpfpd;w Jauhidf;” (M-92)

fz;Zw;wJk; jd; tpy; eOt tpk;Kw;W epd;whd;. gpwFgujidj; jOtpf;nfhz;L mtd; j;ahf rPyj;ij tpae;Jghuhl;Lk; ghly;:

‘jhAiu nfhz;L jhij cjtpa juzpjd;idjPtpid vd;d ePj;jr; rpe;jid Kfj;jpy; Njf;fpg;Nghapid vd;w Ngho;J GfopNdha; jd;ik fz;lhy;Mapuk; ,uhkH epd;Nfo; MtNuh njhpapd; mk;kh” (M-94)


,q;Nf ‘rpe;jid” Kfj;jpy; Njf;fp vd;why; ‘Nahrid”vd;w nghUspy; ,y;iy. ‘rpe;jid’ vd;why; ‘ftiy’ vd;W

nghpNahH nghUs; nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhHfs;. ‘ftiy’ vd;why;Jauk; vd;W nghUs; ,y;iy. Mq;fpyj;jpy; ‘concern’ vd;wnrhy; vijf; Fwpf;fpwNjh mijNa ‘ftiy’ my;yJ

‘rpe;jid’ vd;w nrhy;Yk; Fwpf;ff;$Lk;. jha; Nraplk;> ey;ykUj;Jtd; Nehahspaplk;> fhl;Lk; mf;fiw fye;j <Lghl;ilmJ Fwpf;fpwJ. mg;gb XH mf;fiu kpFe;j <Lghl;Lld;yapj;Jg; gbg;gtH cs;sj;ijj;jhd; jd; ftpij%yk; xUftpQd; njhlKbAk; ;; cUf;f KbAk;. ‘rpe;jid = ftiy =Jauk;” vdg; nghUs; nfhz;lhy; rpe;jpg;ghHf;Ff; fsptsUkh?mtH cs;sj;jpy; Mde;jf; fdTfs; Njhd;Wkh?

jha; ciunfhz;L jhij gujDf;F ehl;;il cjtpdhd;vd;W fk;gH $wpAs;shH. jrujd; cjthky; gujDf;F kFlk;fpilf;f tha;g;gpy;iyNa. %j;jtd; ,Uf;f kzpKbf;Fj; jk;gpjFjp ngwhj NghJ. je;ij cjtpdhy; kl;LNk jk;gp kFlk;ngwf; $Lk;. ‘cjTjy;’ vd;w nrhy; chpik ,y;yhj epiyiaczHj;JfpwJ. ftpQDila mbg;gilj; njhopy;fSf;FxUtd; jFjpaw;wtd; MdhYk;> chpikaw;wtd; MdhYk;>mtw;iw mUs;tJ thzpapd; tpUg;gNk vd;gjhy; mtw;iwj;jdf;F cjTkhW ghujp Ntz;bf;nfhs;Sk; gzpTfk;gUila ruzhfjpf; nfhs;ifapd; ntspg;ghL md;Nwh?thzpia epidj;j khj;jpuj;jpy; thzpjhruhfpa fk;gHepidT tug; ngw;wtdha;> fk;gH gad;gLj;jpa eaj;JlNdNa‘rpe ;jid”> ‘cjtp” Mfpa nrhw;fisf; ifahz;L>fk;gUila ruzhfjpf ; nfhs;ifia ghujpntspg;gLj;jpAs;shd; vd;Wk;> ,itnay;yhk; ftpQNdmwpahky; mtd; ‘Mo;czHT’ (Sub-conscious’) vdg;gLk;cs;SzHtpy; epfo;git vd;Wk; nfhs;tJ nghUj;jkhfNtNjhd;WfpwJ.

,dp k Pz;Lk; ‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij” vd;wnrhw;nwhliu Muha;Nthk;. ,q;Nf ‘njhopy;” vd;w nrhy;nghUsPl ;liyf; Fwpf ;ftpy;iy vd;gjw;F me;jf;ftpijapNyNa mfr;rhd;W cs;sJ. ‘fzehjd; ek;Fbiatho;tpg;ghd;” vd;w $w;wpd; %yk;> jhd; ftpij vOjpf;nfhz;L kl;Lk; ,Ue;jhy; NghJk;> kw;wgb jd; FLk;gj;jpd;Njitfisf; flTs; jhNd epiwT nra;thd; vd;W ghujp$Wfpwhd;. vdNt fhR NrHf;Fk; rhjdkhf mtd;ftpijiaf; fUjtpy;iy vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.

‘’


jpUts;StUila jkpopYk; ‘njhopy;” vd;w nrhy; ntWk;nghUsPl;liyf; Fwpf;fhky; tphpe;J nghUs; nfhLf;Fk;nrhy;yhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

‘ctg;gj; jiyf;$b cs;sg; gphpjy;midj;Nj GytH njhopy;” (x-83)

GytHfs; kfpo;r;rpahff; $b tUj;jj;Jld; gphptijNa,f;Fws; czHj;jpdhYk;> $Lk;NghJ rpe;jidj; njhlHghff;$LtijAk; (‘jiyf;$b”)> gphpAk;NghJ czHr;rp nghq;fg;gphptijAk; (‘cs;sg;gphpjy;”) Fwpg;ghf czHj;jTk; nra;fpwJ.‘,JNt GytH njhopy;” vd;W Kbf;fpwhH jpUts;StH.Mq;fpyj;jpy; ‘inspiration’ vd;wiof;fg;gLk; cs;@f;fj;jhy;xU ftpQd; caHepiy mjpHTfis cl;nfhs;Sk; NghJ>me;j mjpHTfis mtd; jd; rpe;jid vd;w rhjdj;jpd;%yNk cl;nfhs;tJk;> mjdhy; mtd; fspg;gpy; Mo;tJk;>jhd; rpe;jidapd; %yk; cl;nfhz;l mjpHTfNshL jd;mDgt czHTfis ,ioNahlr; nra;J> mt;tDgtmjpHTfs; gbg;NghH cs;sq;fspYk; Vw;gLk; tz;zk;mtw;iw nkhop%yk; ntspg;gLj;JtJk; Mfpa ftpijj;njhopy; ,f;Fwspy; Fwpf;fg;gLtjhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;tjpy;jtnwJTk; fpilahNj.

ftpij vOJtNjhL> ‘ehl;bw ; Fioj;jy;” kw;Wk;‘,ikg;nghOJk; NrhuhjpUj;jy;” vd ,uz;L njhopy;fisghujp Fwpg;gpLtJ Nghy; Njhd;WfpwJ. ehl;L elg;G vd;gJ#oy; vd;gjd; xU gFjp. jd; #oiyg; gw;wp mf;fiw,y;yhky; ftpijia ntWk; nghOJ Nghf;Fr; rhjdkhfkl;Lk; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ghujpf;F cld;ghby;iy. ‘gadpynrhy;yhik’ vd;w jpUts;Sthpd; vr;rhpf;ifia ed;FczHe;jtd; ghujp.

‘Njbr; NrhWepjk; jpd;W - gyrpd;dQ; rpWfijfs; Ngrp - kdk;thbj; Jd;gkpf cod;W - gpwHthlg; gynray;fs; nra;J - eiu$bf; fpog;gUtk; va;jp - nfhLq;$w;Wf; fpiuvdg;gpd; khAk; - gyNtbf;if kdpjiug; NghNy - ehDk;tPo;Ntd; vd;Wepidj;jhNah” (m-70)

vdf; Nfl;fpwhd;.


‘ghl;Lj; jpwj;jhNy - ,t;itaj;ijg;ghypj;jpl Ntz;Lk;” (m-73)

vd;W Mirg;gLfpwhd;.

‘ghl;bdpNy nrhy;YtJk; mts;nrhy; MFk;gadpd;wp ciug;ghNsh?” (m-116)

vd;Wk; Nfl;fpwhd;.

vdNt gpwHf;Fg; gad;jUk; ftpijfis vOJtNj mtd;tpUg;gk;. NrhHtpy;yhky; ,Uf;f tpUk;Gfpwhd;. NrhHTvg;nghOJ tUk;? jdf;F tpUg;gk; ,y;yhj njhopiy>tho;tpd; fl;lhaj;jhy; nra;a NeUk; NghJjhd; NrhHTcz;lhfpwJ. jdf;F kpfTk; gpbj;j njhopiy <Lghl;Lld;nra;tjpy; NrhHTf;fplkpy ;iy. cly; fisg;GVw;glf;$LNkad;wp> mjpy; ‘NrhHT” Vw;glhJ. vdNtgpwHf;Fg; gad;gLk; tz;zk; jhd; ftpij vOjpf;nfhz;Nl,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. tapw;Wg; gpiog;Gf;fhf NtW njhopy;nra;Ak; fl;lhaj;Jf;F Mshfpr; NrhHtilahky; jhd; ,Uf;ffzehjd; jd; Fbia tho;tpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ghujpapd;tpz;zg;gNk ‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij” vd;w ghlypd;Mjhug; nghUs;. ,ikg;nghoJk;;; NrhuhjpUe;J vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gij ,d;ndhU ghl;by; ghujp nrhy;fpwhd;:

‘nts;is kyHkpir Ntjf; fUg;nghUs;Mf tpsq;fpLtha;njs;S jkpo;f;fiy thzp epdf;nfhUtpz;zg;gk; nra;jpLNtd;vs;sj; jidg;nghOJk; gad; ,d;wp,uhnjd;wd; ehtpdpNynts;snkdg;nghop tha;rf;jp Nty;rf;jpNty;rf;jp Nty;rf;jp Nty;.” (m-75)

xU fzKk; ,ilntspapd;wp mtd; ehtpy ; rf ;jpnts;skha;f; ftpijfs; nghopa thzpapd; mUs; Ntz;btpz;zg;gk; nra;fpwhd;.


,d;ndhU ghl;by; ghujp ,t;thW Nfl;fpwhd;.

‘,ilapd;wp mZf;fs;vyhk; RoYnkd ,ay;E}yhH,irj;jy; Nfl;Nlhk;,ilapd;wpf; fjpHfnsyhk; RoYnkd thD}yhH,ak;Gfpd;whH,ilapd;wpj; njhopy;Ghpjy;; cyfpdpilg; nghUl;nfy;yhk;,aw;if ahapd;,ilapd;wp fiykfNs epdjUspy; vdJs;sk;,aq;nfhzhNjh?” (m-420)

vdNt ‘,k;%d;Wk; nra;” vdj; jd; rpe;ijia mtd;gzpj;jhYk;> %d;Wk; NtW NtW njhopy;fs; ,y;iy.xUfzKk; NrhHT ,d;wpg; gaDs;s ftpijfisg; nghope;Jnfhz;Nl ,Ug;gjd; %yk; ehl;Lf;F ciof;f Ntz;Lk; vd;wxUkpj;j (synthetic) MHtNk ,g;ghlypy; ntspg;gLfpwJ.ftpijia tpLj;J NtW nghUs;fspy; ehl;lk; Vw;gLj;Jk;ehrNtiyiar; nra;af; $baJ rpe;ijNa. grpf;F czTNfl;gJ cly; mikg;gpd; fl;lhak;. Mdhy; grpf;Fk; nghOJ$o; Ntz;lhk;> ,dpg;Ng Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ rpe;ijapd; Ntiy.vdNt jhd; Njitfis Mirfshf khw;wp miyf;fopf;Fk;rpe;ijf;F ,t;thW ghujp fl;lisapl;lhd;. myl;rpag;gLj;jNth mg;Gwg; gLj;jNth Kbahj nrhw;fisNagad;gLj;Jk; ftpQd; jhNd k`hftp!

Fwpg;Gfs;Fwpg;Gfs;Fwpg;Gfs;Fwpg;Gfs;Fwpg;Gfs;

1. vjw;FNk xU fhuzk; Njitnad;w $w;Wk;kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,khd;A+Nty; fhd;l; vd;w n[Hkhd;ajj;Jt mwpthsH ‘f;hpbf; Mçg; g;A+H hP]d;” (Critique of purereason; Immanuel Kant; Translated by Norman Kemp Smith;Macmillan & Co., Ltd., London, 1950) vd;w jk; E}ypy; fhuzhPjpahff; flTs; ,Ug;ig cWjp nra;Ak; thjq;fisj; jpwk;glkWj;Js;shH. ,tH xU ehj;jpfH ,y;iy vd;gJFwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

msitapay; Nehf;fpYk; mwptpay; Nehf;fpYk; ‘fhuzk;’; vd;w fUj;jPl;bd; epiyg;ghLfis tpsf;Fk; rpwe;j E}y;>Cause & Effect’; Ed. Daniel Learner; The Free Press, New York, 1965.


2. epiytsH nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilf; $w;Wfisg;nghUz;ikf; fltpay; (Metaphysical) Nehf;fpy; vspjpy;Ghpe;Jnfhs;s cjTk; E}y;: The Chief currents of contemporaryPhilosophy”: Dhirendra Mohan Datta; fy;fj;jh gy;fiyf; fofntspaPL> %d;whtJ gjpg;G> 1970. ,e;E}ypy; g;;nuQ;r; jj;JtmwpthsH ngHf;]idg; gw;wpa Ie;jhtJ mjpfhuKk;> yhapl;;khHfd; kw;Wk; rhk;ANay; mnyf;]hd;lH gw;wpa vl;lhtJmjpfhuKk; ,t;tifapy; Nehf;fj; jf;fd. tphptpaDyff;nfhs;if gw;wp mwpar; rpwe;j mbg;gilE}y;fs;: “A brief historyof Time”; Stephen Hawking; (Bantam); “Tao of Physics” Fritzoff Capra.

*******


Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk;Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk;Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk;Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk;Af;jpAk; gf;jpAk;

‘nt‘nt‘nt‘nt‘ntWk;Gj;jpiaf; nfhz;L Gidfpd;w ftpijfs;G+i[f;F Nrh;tjpy;iy-ftpxj;jpifapy; nfhQ;rk; gf;jpNruhtpby;cs;sk; njhLtjpy;iy” (X-1)

NguhrphpaH t.Nt.R-tpd; thpfspy; cz;ik ,Uf;fj;jhd;nra;fpwJ. nkhopg ; Gyik nfhz;l xUtUilanrhw;rpyk;gq;fs; vy;yhk; caHe;j ftpijfshff; fhyk;fle;J epw;gjpy;iyNa! mLf;FnkhopAk;. myq;fhuq;fSk;kl;LNk ftpijfshff; $Lk; vd;W ve;jj; jpwdha;thsUk;vOjpajpy;iyNa!

‘ehd; nrhy;Yk;gb miktNj ftpij. kw;w ntspg;ghLfs;ftpijfNs my;y” vd;W ehd; $wj; Jzpatpy;iy. vJftpij vd;w tpthjj;jpy; ehd; <Lgl tpUk;gtpy;iy. Mdhy;vg;gbg;gl;l ftpijfspy; ehd; yapj;Jg; Ngha;> vd;id ,oe;J>mf;ftpij cjpj;j fzj;Jf;Nf ehd; flj;jg;gl;L> me;jmDgtj;jpw;F Mshfp kPs;fpNwd; vd;gij ehd;jhNdnrhy;y KbAk;? caHe;j ftpijfshf cyfk; Nghw;Wk;ntspg;ghLfspy; vit vd;id ,e;j tpjj;jpy; jhf;Ffpd;wdvd;gijAk;> mit vg;gb kw;w ntspg;ghLfspy; ,Ue;JNtWgl;lit vd;gijAk; ehd; xUthW czHe;Js;Nsd;.me;j czHtpd; mbg;gilia Muha;e ;J> njspe ;J>cq;fSld; gfpHe ;Jnfhs;s ehd; vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;Kaw;rpNa ,f;fl;Liu.

njhpahj xd;iwj; njhpe;j xd;wpd; %yk; njspT nra;Ak;Af;jpNa ctik> cUtfk; Nghd;w mzpfshfntspg;gLfpwJ. ‘eP ghHj;j eq;ifapd; Kfk; vg;gb ,Ue;jJ?”vd;w Nfs;tpf;F> ‘mofhf ,Ue;jJ” vd;w gjpiy tpl‘mNjh> thdpy; njhpfpwNj KOepyT mJNghy; tl;lkhfTk;xspnghUe;jpajhfTk; me;j Kfk; ,Ue;jJ” vd;w tpil>Nfs;tp Nfl;ltH kdf; fz;fspy; me;j Kfj;ij my;yJmjd; moif ,d;Dk; rw;Wj; njspthfg; glk;gpbj;Jf;fhl;btpLfpwJ. ,ijNa trd tbtpy; nrhd;dhy; ciueil>


nra;As; eilapy; vJif> Nkhid> rPH> jis Nghd;w cWg;Gr;rpwg;NghL $wpdhy; ftpij vdf;nfhs;s KbAkh? neQ;rpy;VNjh neUlj;jhd; nra;fpwJ.

,g;gbr; nrhy;tjd; %yk; ehd; ‘ctik’ vd;w Af;jpiaf;Fiwj;J kjpg;gpltpy;iy. xU ey;y ctik kl;LNk XH caHe;jftpijahf KbAkh vd;w Nfs;tpiaj;jhd; ehd; ,q;Nfvjpnuhypf;fpNwd;;;.

‘gazr;rPl;L Nfl;L thq;fTk;” vd;w mwptpg;Gg; gyifiag;NgUe;Jfspy; ghHf;f KbAk;. ,Nj Ntz;LNfhis>‘gazr;rPl;L thq;Ff Nfl;L” vd vOjp itj;Jtpl;lhy; mJftpijahfp tpLkh? Kd;dij tplg; gpd;dJ gbf;fTk;Nfl;fTk; ,dpikahf ,Uf;fyhk;. Kd;dijf; fhl;bYk;gpd;dJ gbg;gtH rpe;ijapy; vspjpy; gjpe;J ghlkhfptplyhk;.Mdhy; mJNt ftpijahfp tplf; $Lkh? re;jk;> ,iaG>vJif> Nkhid Nghd;w Af;jpfshy; kl;LNk xU ntspg;ghLXH caHe;j ftpijahff; fhyk; ntd;W epw;f KbAkh vd;wNfs;tp voj;jhd; nra;fpwJ.

R[hjh mtHfs; xU ehtypy; nfhQ;rk; re;jk;;> nfhQ;rk;rhpj;jpuk;> nfhQ;rk; rpUq;fhu urk; fye;j xU ftpijNtz;Lk; vdf; Nfl;lJk; xU fzpnghwp nra;J je;j ftpijvdg; gpd;tUk; nra;Ais eifr;RitNahL Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwhH:

‘fjitj; jpwe;J ftdpj;J te;juh[uh[ Nrhod; mq;Ftpjitf;F Kj;jk; gjpndl;L je;juh[uh[ Nrhod;” (‘fk;g;A+l;lNu xU fij nrhy;Y” - FKjk;)

,e;j thpfs; fhyk; ntd;w ftpijahfg; gbg;NghH neQ;rpy;gutrk; Vw;gLj;j KbAkh?

mwpTj; jpwd; nfhz;L fUj;Jr; nrwpNthL nrhw;fisg;gpd;dp mikg;gNj ftpijah? ‘Mk;’ vd;ghUk; cz;L>tpy;ypak; NkhhPi]g; Nghy; ‘,y;iy’ vd;ghUk; cz;L>n\y;ypiag; Nghy.1

ntWk; Af;jpfs; kl;LNk xU ntspg;ghl;il caHe;jftpijahf tpsq;f itf;f KbahJ vd;gNj ngUk;ghyhdjpwdha;thsHfspd; fUj;J. vdNt> xU ftpijapd;capNuhl;lk; mjpy; ifahsg;gl;Ls;s Af;jp ,y;iy. xUftpijapd; capNuhl;lk; mij cz;lhf;fpj; je;j gf;jpNa.,f;fl;Liuapd; njhlf;fj;jpy; vLj;jhsg;gl;l thpfspy; ,e;j


cz;ikiaj;jhd; NguhrphpaH t.Nt.R tpsf;fpAs;shH.

gf;jp vd;gJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l tbtj;ij topgLk; newpiakl;Lk; Fwpg;gjd;W. rkar; rlq;Ffspy; ehl;lkpy;yhjtHfSf;Fk; gf;jp Vw;gLtJz;L. gf;jp vd;gJ xU yak;>yapg;G> <Hg;G> <LghL. gf;jp vd;gij ‘nka;kwe;J NghtJ“vd;Nw tiuaWj;Jf; $w KbAk; vd vz;ZfpNwd;2. ,aw;ifmofpy; nka;kwe;J Ngha; urpg;gJ $l gf;jpjhd;.

‘nka;kwj;jy;’ vd;w nrhw;nwhliu ,uz;L tpjq;fspy;

nghUs; nra;J nfhs;syhk;. xd;W> ‘nka;’ vdg;gLk; cliy

kwj;jy;; kw;nwhd;W> nka;ikia my;yJ Gwepfo;r;rpfisAk;#oiyAk; kwj;jy;. gf;jpapd; mbg;gilNa jhd; ntWk; cly;vd;gij kWg;gJk;> jd;id ,JfhWk; jd; clYlNdNanjhlHGgLj;jp te;j %lg;gof;fj;ij kwg;gJNk. jd;capNuhl;lk; ,e;j clw;$l;bd; fsvy;iyfisf; fle;Jvq;Fk; vjpYk; vJTkha;g; gutpapUf;Fk; ,d;g mDgtj;ijmt;tg;NghJ vl;bg; ghHj;J tUgtd; ftpQd;. gf;jpahy;>vjpYk; jd;id <LgLj;jpf; nfhz;L> xU fzNkDk;mJthfNt khwpyapj;J> kPz;Ltplf; $ba cs;@f;fj;jhy;kl;LNk ftpQDf;F ,J ,ad;wjhfpwJ. rpYitapy;miwAz;L FUjp rpe;jpa NghJk; fatiu kd;dpf;ff; NfhhpafhUz;aKk;> jd; if ntl;lg; gl;lijf; $l czuhky; ele;Jnfhz;;bUe;j g;Uk;k yapg;Gk;3 vg;gb ‘nka;’ kwe;j epiyfNsh>mg;gbNa jha;ehl;ilf; fhf;Fk; xNu Nehf;fj;Jld;NghHf;fsj;jpy; khHgpy; Nty;fs; ijj;j epiyapYk; njhlHe;JNghuhLk; tPuKk;> nld;dp];; tpisahl;by; ge;ij vg;gbAk;mbj;JtpLk; xNu Nehf;fj;Jld; jhd; tpOe;J fhy; Kwpe;JNghff;$ba mghaj;ij czuhky; Xbr;nrd;W> rWf;fp tpOk;<LghLk; ‘nka;” kwe;j epiyfNs.

Kjw;nrhd;d k`hd;fs; vg;nghOJk; nka;kwe;jpUe;jQhdpfs; ƒ Mdhy; gpwF nrhy;yg;gl;l NghH tPuDk;>tpisahl;L tPuDk; me;jf; fzj;jpy; kl;Lk; nka;kwe;j<Lghl;;;;by; yapg;gtHfs;. xU ftpQd;> gpw;nrhd;d tifiar;NrHe;jtd;. mt;tg;NghJ nka;kwe;J> gutrg;gl;Lj; jd;mDgtj;ij kw;wtHfNshL gfpHe;J nfhs;s Kay;gtd;ftpQd;. thba gapiuf; fz;lNghnjy;yhk; thLtJk;>fhdf;Fapypd; ,irNahL4 jd; cl;;Fuiyg; gz;epiy (];Ujp)mikj;Jg;ghLtJk;>


‘JQ;Rq;fhy; Njhs;Nky uhfp tpopf;Fq;fhy;neQ;rj;jH MtH tpiue;J’ (x-249)

vdf; fhjy; kpFjpahy; fdit xU epfo;r ;rpahfmDgtpj;J nefpo;e;J NghtJk;>

‘rhtnjdpy; ehd; rhNtd; ce;jd;rd;dpjhdj;jpy; - mq;NfNghtnjdpy; ehd; NghNtd; fz;zPHg;G+tpkhdj;jpy;’5

vdf; fz;zPHg; G+f;fSs; Eioe;J> mkHe;J> cyhr; nry;yKw;gLtJk;> ,itnay;yhk; nka;kwe;j epiyapd;ntspg;ghLfNs. jd;id kwe;J> jd; ehkk; nfl;Lj; jiytd;jhs; jiyg;gl;l eq;ifapd; nka;kwe;j epiyAk;6 ‘fhjy;tdj;jpdpNy jd;idnahU kyiug; NghYk; tz;bidg;Nghy;vidAk; cUkhw;wptpl;lhs;”(m - 240) vdg; guhrf;jp vd;wkyHtphptpy; tz;lha;r; rpwfbj;Jg; gwe;j ftpjhDgtKk;gf;jpNa. [hbapNy tiuag;gl;l rpj;jpuf; fhjyHfisg; ghHj;J‘mopahf; fhjypJ’ vd tpae;J ghba fPl;]pd; ftpijAk; gf;jpntspg;ghNl7.

jd; nka;ia kwg;gNjhL kl;Lkd;wpj; jd; Rw;Wg;Gwr;#oypd; epfo; cz;ikfis> nka;ikfis kwg;gJk;nka;kwj;jNy, gf;jpNa.

‘fhiy ,sk;ghpjp tPRk; fjpHfspNy” (m-283)

vdj; njhlq;fpg;

‘gl;lg; gfypNy ghtyHf;Fj; Njhd;Wtjhk;nel;ilf; fdtpd; epfo;r;rpapNy fz;Nld;ahd;” (m-284)

vd tpae;J> filrpapy;‘khiy aofpd; kaf;fj;jhy; cs;sj;NjNjhd;wpaNjhH fw;gidapd; #o;r;rp vd;Nwfz;Lnfhz;Nld; (m-307)

vd epiwTngWk; Fapy;ghl;by; fhyk; vg;gbf; Fok;gpf;fplf;fpwJ. Kf;fhyg; gphpntd;Dk; Kf;fhl;Lf;Fs; rpf;fpf;nfhs;shky; rpwfbf;Fk; NghJjhd; ftpQd; nka;kwe;JNghfpwhd;. ,g;gb mtd; ‘nka;’ kwe;J NghtjhNyNa rpyftpQHfs;>


‘ ngha;apNy gpwe;J ngha;apNy tsHe;jGytH ngUkhNd”8

vd;Wk;>

“ftpijf;Fg; ngha;aoF” 9

vd;Wk; ghbAs;sdH. Mdhy; ‘nka;’ kwf;Fk; ftpQd;cz;ikia kl;Lk; kwe;J tpLtNj ,y;iy. ,J vd;d GJf;Fog;gk;?

nka;ik> tha;ik> cz;ik vd %d;W nrhw;fs; jkpopy;cz;L. Gw cz;ik ‘nka;ik’ vd;Wk;> nrhy; NeHik ‘tha;ik’

vd;Wk;> mf cz;ik ‘cz;ik’ vd;Wk; Fwpf;fg;gLtjhfg;ghFghL nra;J nfhs;syhk;. ,e;j ghFghl;ilj; njspthfr;Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwhH jpUts;StH:

‘ahnka;ahf; fz;ltw;Ws; ,y;iy vidj;njhd;Wk;tha;ikapd; ey;y gpw” (x-61)

nrhy; NeHik> mjhtJ jd; neQ;rwptijj; jphpj;Jf;$whj tha;ikia tpl ey;yJ cyfpy; vg ;nghOJNk,Ue;jjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;y tUk; jpUts;StH> tha;ikiatpl ed;ik gaf;Fk; nghUs; my;yJ epfo;r;rp vJTNk>vd;WNk ,Ue;jjpy;iy vd;gij ‘nka;ahf; fz;ltw;Ws;”vd;w njhlH %yk; tpsf;FfpwhH. vdNt nka;kwe;J NghFk;yapg;gpy;> <Lghl;by;> gf;jpapy; ftpQd; ghlyhNk jtpu> mtd;jd; cs;sj;jpd; cz;ik xspia kwe;J> kiwj;Jg;ghLtnjy;yhk; rpwe;j ftpijfshf tpsq;Ftjpy;iy10.

,aw;ifapy; nfhQ;Rk; mofpd; rphpg;igf; fz;L ,d;gk;nfhs;Sk; Gul;rpf; ftpQH kpd;diyg; ghHj;jJk;> ,J epytpd;Nky; vOe;J glHtJ Nghd;w xU fzNeuj; Njhw;wj;ijf;fz;lJk;> vUjpd; Nky; ghAk; Ntq;ifia epidT $HfpwhH:

‘mUtpfs; tapuj; njhq;fy;mlHnfhb gr;irg; gl;Nl

FUtpfs; jq;ff; fl;bFspHkyH kzpapd; Fg;ig

vUjpd; Nky; ghAk; Ntq;ifepyTNky; vOe;j kpd;dy;

rUnfyhk; xspNrH jq;fj;jfLfs; ghulh eP”


ve;jf; fhyj;jpYk;> vtH gbj;jhYk;> vj;jid Kiwgbj;jhYk; ,dpik gaf;Fk; ftpij ,J.

epyh vUJ Nghy; ,y;iy Ntq;ifAk; kpd;dy; Nghy; ,y;iyGwj;Njhw;wj;jpy ; NtWNtwhfj; Njhd;Wk; ,U NtWnghUs;fs;> epfo;r;rpfs; ftpQDila mff; fz;fSf;Fxg;Gik ngw;W ,izAk; Ritf;F ,f;ftpij XHvLj;Jf;fhl;L. epytpd; Nky; vOe;jJNghy; fzNeuk; Njhd;wpkiwe;j kpd;dy;> mjd; xsp> Ntfk;> gha;r;ry; Mfpatw;why;vUnjhd;iwj; jhf;fg ; gha;e ;J nry;Yk; Ntq;ifiaghujpjhrdhH mff;fz;fspy; Njhw;wg;gLj;jpaJ vdf;nfhs;syhk;. nka;ikf;F> mjhtJ> epfo; cz;ikf;F my;yJGw cz;ikf;F xt;thjjhapDk;> mfj;Nj tpsq;Fk; cz;ikxspr;Rlhpy; Njhw;wk; nfhz;L ntspg;gl;ljhy; ngha;ahfj;Njhd;Wk; ,f;fhl;rp caHe;j ftpijahf kyHe;J cz;ikxsptPrp vd;Wk; thOk; ,wthepiy ngWfpwJ. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk;;cah;T etpw;rp vd ,yf;fz E}NyhH tpag;gnjy;yhk;>Gwf;fhl;rpfs; ftpQdpd; cs;nshspapy; Njha;e;J. NtWGJtbtk; ngw;W ntspg;gLk; NeHj;jpiaNa.

Nfhjhthp ejp ftpr ;rf;utHj;jpapd; kdf;fz;zpy;rhd;NwhH ftp11 Nghy; fhl;rp je;jJk; cs;nshspapd; khl;rpf;FxU rhd;W md;Nwh. ,e;j tifapy;> Gwj;Njhw;wj; njhlHgw;wnghUs;fisAk; epfo;r;rpfisAk; ftpQd; jd; cs;nshspapy;,izj;Jg;ghHf;Fk; khl;rpikf;Fj; jkpo; kiwapYk; rhd;W,Uf;fpwJ. fhkj;Jg; ghypy; xU Fws;:

‘jk;kpy; ,Ue;J jkJghj; Jz;lw;why;mk;kh mhpit Kaf;F.” (x-227)

fhjypapd; jOty; fhjyDf;F vg;gb ,Ue;jnjd;why;> jd;,y;yj;jpNyNa ,Ue;J> jd; ciog;gpy; tpise;j czit mUe;Jk;,d;gj;ij mJ nfhLj;jJ vd;W $WfpwhH jpUts;StH. me;j,d;gkhdJ jpf;FKf;fhlitf;Fk; ,d;gk; vd;gij ‘mk;kh’vd;w mirr;nrhy; %yk; mtH Fwpf;fpwhH. jpUts;Sthpd;cs;nshsp vg;gbg;gl;lJ vd;gNj ,f;ftpijapy; njspthfpwJ.

vjpYk; NeHik tpioAk; gz;Gk; vspikAk;> mNjhL$lfhkj;ij ntWk; Gwr;nra;ifahf kl;Lk; fUjhky; mfj;ijCLUTk; XH ,d;gkhfTk; mijf; fUJk; caHTk;


jpUts;Sthpd; cs;nshspapy; Jyq;Ffpd;wd. ‘czT”ehTf;F UrpahfTk; grp jzpf;Fk; gz;Gs;sjhfTk;,Uf;fpwJ. ,it Gyd; EfH gz;Gfs;. ntWk; czT my;yJey;y tpUe;JzT Nghy; eq;ifapd; jOty; ,Ue;jjhfj;jpUts;StH $wpapUe;jhy;> fhkj;ij mtH Gyd;EfH,d;gkhf kl;LNk fzpj;jpUe;jjhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;. Mdhy;eq;ifapd; jOty;> jd; tPl;by; ,Ue;J> jhd; cioj;J <l;baczit mUe;Jtjhf mtH nrhd;dJ cztpd; mfEfHgz;G gw;wpNa. ehTf;F UrpAk; grp jzpf;Fk; gz;Gk;Gyd;Efuf; nfhLf;Fk; czT> jd; tPl;by;> jhd; <l;baczthf cs;s NghJ> Gyd;fSf;fg;ghw;gl;l> xUtpj,d;gj;ij mfj;jpy; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ vd;w Fwpg;Gld; my;yth,f;Fwisg; gapYjy; Ntz;Lk;! Gyd; Efu ,d;gk; jUk;fhkj;jpy; mfEfHr;rpf;Fk; MshFk; Nghpd;gj;ij my;yth,f;Fws; czHj;JfpwJ.

ctik> cUtfk; Nghd;w mzpfs; ntWk; Af;jpfs;,y;iy. Gwf; fhl;rpapd; jhf;Fjy;fis> mjpHTfis xUftpQdpd; cs;nshsp vg;gb thq;fpj; jhq;fpj; jdjhf;fpntspg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;w NgUz;ikad;Nwh ,e;j mzpfspy;njspthfpwJ.

Gw mDgtj;ijj; jd; mfr;Ridapy; mkpo;j;jp vLj;Jf;ftpQd; toq;Fk; NghJ me;j mDgtk; epw - tbtj; Njhw;wkhw;wq;fs; milaj;jhd; nra;fpwJ

epyTk; kpd;dYk; vUjha; Ntq;ifaha;> ejp xU ftpijaha;my;yJ ftpf;fplf;ifaha;> fhkEfHr;rp xU NeHikg;ngUkpjkha; ,g;gbg; gytpjq;fspYk; Njhw;w khw;wq;fs;Vw ;gl ;lhYk;> cs;sj;jpy ; ,Uf;Fk; cz;ik xspapd;ntspg;ghlhfNt mJ mikfpwJ. XH mDgtj;jpy; yapj;Jj;jpisj;J nka;kwf;Fk; ftpQd;> me;j tifapy; jd;id,og;gjhfj; Njhd;wpdhYk;> me;j mDgtj;ij mtd;cz;ikapy; jd;takhf;fpf ; nfhz;L> mjpy; jd;cs;nshspiag; gjpar; nra;J> mij ntspg ;gLj;jp>mt;ntspg; ghl;by; vd;nwd;Wk; thOk; xspahfr; RlHtpLfpwhd;. mtd; mDgtq;fspy; jd;id ,oe;jfznky;yhk;> rhfhtuk; ngw;W vd;nwd;Wk; mtid thor;nra;Ak; mKjj; JspfshfNt mike;JtpLfpd;wd.clw;$l;Lf;Fs; kl;LNk tho;e;J> fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,we;JtpLk;kdpjHfspilNa xU ftpQd; clw;$l;bd; fsvy;iyfisf;


fle;J nkhopg; Ngiofspy; vd;nwd;Wk; epd;W RlH tPRk;kuzkpyhg ; ngUtho;itg; ngw;WtpLk; kHkj;ijf;fw;wwpe;jtdha; tpsq;Ffpwhd;.

xU Gwf; fhl;rp my;yJ EfHitf; ft;tp vLj;Jj; jd;cs;nshspAs; mkpo;j;jp kPz;Lk; ntspg;gLj;Jjy; gf;jpapd;wp,ayhJ vd;gNj ,q;F tpthpf;fg;gLk; fUj;J. gf;jp> mjhtJ>yapg;G my;yJ <LghL kl;LNk> xU EfHit ,Wf;fpg; gpbj;Jcs;nshspAs; nrYj;jp mij kPz;Lk; ntspf; nfhz;Ltuty;yJ. ‘Gj;jp” vdg;gLk; mwpthfpa fUtpf;F me;j ty;yik,y;iy.

‘epyitg; Ngha; vUnjd;W cUtfpf;fyhkh?” vd;WVsdk; nra;af;$ba Gj;jpia> mwpit yl;rpak; nra;ahjyapg ;G gf;jpahy; md;Nwh Vw;gLk;? ‘gf;jp” vd;gijnka;kwj;jy;> yapg;G> <LghL vd;nwy;yhk; nfhz;lhYk; $l>mJ tphpe;j XH Md;kpfg; ghHit vd;gNj mbg;gil cz;ik.

‘vq;nfq;F fhzpDk; rf;jpalh”

vd;W ghlKbe;j cs;sj;ijj;jhd;> mZnty;yhk; xNurf;jpapd; ,af;fq;fshfg; ghHf;f Kbe;j cs;sj;ijj;jhd;Md;kpfk; vd;w gue ;j ntspahff; nfhs;s KbAk;12.mjpy;jhd; gf;jp vd;w yapg;G tpisaKbAk;. mJjhd;

‘fhf;if FUtp vq;fs; Ihjp - ePs;flYk; kiyAk; vq;fs; $l;lk;Nehf;Fk; jpirnay;yhk; ehkd;wp Ntwpy;iyNehf;fNehf;ff; fspahl;lk;” (m-103)”

vdf; $j;jhl KbAk;.

Md;kpfk; vd;gJ> jhd; ntWk; clw;$L kl;LNk vd;wngha;ikia (nka;ikNghy; Njhd;Wk; ngha;ikiag;)>Gwf;fzpj;J> nka; kwe;j fzq;fspNyDk; jd;capNuhl;lj;jpd; cz;ikia> mJ mz;lg;ngUntspnaq;Fk; jq;F jilapd;wpg; nghq;fpg; ngUf;nfLj;JCLUTk; jd;ikia> ‘thdpy; gwf;fpd;w Gs;nsyhk; ehd;”vd;w tpag;ig> ‘ehd; vDk; ngha;ia elj;JNthd; ehd;” vd;wNgUz;ikia mDgtpf;Fk; Nghpd;gepiy. mJ gf;jpapd;cr;rfl;lk; - gf;jd;> gf;jp> gf;jpnra;ag;gLk; ,yf;F vd;w Ngjk;$l ,y;yhj mDgtk;. mJNt ftpijfspd; capH Cw;W.Af;jpfis vs;speifahbj; jphpAk; Mde;jf; $j;J. jhNd


topAk;> rj;jpaKk;> [PtDkhAs;s mDG+jp epiy. (l - 214),ijj;jhd; ghujpahH $WfpwhH:

‘....epd;ndhL jkpadha;ePNa capnudj; nja;tKk; ePnadepd;idNa Ngzp neLehs; Nghf;fpNdd;.” (m-473)

,aw;ifaofpYk;> jd; cs;SzHitj; jhf;fp CLUTk;Gwepfo;r;rpfspYk; mjpHTfspYk; nka;kwe;J NghFk; xUtd;me;j mDgtj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; rhjdkhf Kjypy;Njhd;Wk; ftpij> ehsiltpy; mtd; cs;SzHtpd; Cw;Wf;fz;zhfNt kyHe;J> rphpj;J> mtid Ml;nfhz;L> Vd;>Ml;bg; gilj;J> xt;nthU fzKk; mtid nka; kwf;fr;nra;J> mtid mtNd ,of;fr; nra;J> mf;fzk; vy;yhk;jhNd Mfp epiwa itj;J> mtid mkudha;> epj;a [Ptdha;tpsq;fr; nra;fpwJ.

ftpij vd;gNj> xU k`hftpiag; nghWj;jtiu> jhNdtopAk;> rj;jpaKk;> [PtDkha; ,Ug;gjhfr; nrhy;tJ rhpjhNd?

Fwpg;Gfs;Fwpg;Gfs;Fwpg;Gfs;Fwpg;Gfs;Fwpg;Gfs;1. tpy;ypak; NkhhP];:

“The talk of inspiration is sheer non-sense; there is no such thing.it is a mere matter of craftsmanship”.

n\y;yp:

“Poetry is not like reasoning, a power to be exerted according tothe determination of the will. A man cannot say, ‘I will composepoetry”. (xs-1)

2. ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . jd;id kwj;jy; epiy vg;nghOJtUfpwnjd;Nwh> Nghfpwnjd;Nwh ftpQdhNyNamwpa KbahJ. mj;jifa epiyAk; mjdhy; ngWk;

fhl;rpAk; kdpj mwpT fle;j epiyahfepidf;fpNwhk;. mj;jifa epiyapy; Kfpo;j;j ghlypy;xU nrhy;iyf; $l ehk; khw;wp mikj;jy; ,ayhj fhhpak;”.

m. r. Qhdrk;ge;jd;> (fh - 156)

3. ne&H rjhrpt g;Uk;Nke;jpuH tho;tpy; ,g;gb xUepfo;r;rp ele;jjhf ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

4. ‘fhdg; gwit fyfnyDk; XirapYk;fhw;W kuq;fspilf; fhl;Lk; ,irfspYk;


Mw;WePH Xir mUtp xypapdpYk;ePyg; ngUq;fly;ve; NeuKNk jhdpirf;Fk;Xyj; jpilNa cjpf;Fk; ,irapdpYk;khDlg; ngz;fs; tsUk; xU fhjypdhy;CDUfg; ghLtjpy; CwpLk; Njd; thhpapYk;Vw;w ePHg; ghl;bd; ,irapdpYk; ney;ypbf;Fk;Nfhw;nwhbahH Ff;Fntdf; nfhQ;Rk; xypapdpYk;Rz;zk; ,bg;ghHjk; RitkpFe;j gz;fspYk;gz;iz klthH goFgy ghl;bdpYk;tl;lkpl;Lg; ngz;fs; tisf;fuq;fs;jhnkhypf;ff; nfhl;b ,irj;jpLNkhH $l;lKjg; ghl;bdpYk;Ntapd; FoNyhL tPizKj yhkdpjHthapdpYk; ifahYk; thrpf;Fk; gy;fUtpehl;bdpYk; fhl;bdpYk; ehnsy;yhk;ed;nwhypf;Fk;ghl;bdpYk; neQ;irg; gwpnfhLj;Njd; ghtpNad;

- ghujpahH (m-286)

5. kP. uhN[e;jpudpd; ‘fdTfs; + fw;gidfs; = fhfpjq;fs;”

vd;w E}ypd; Eiothapw; ftpij

6. Kd;dk; mtDila ehkk; Nfl;lhs;%Hj;jp mtdpUf;Fk; tz;zk; Nfl;lhs;gpd;id mtDila M&H Nfl;lhs;ngaHj;Jk; mtDf;Nf gpr;rp ahdhs;md;idiaAk; mj;jidAk; md;Nw ePj;jhs;mfd;whs; mfyplj;jhH Mrhuj;ijjd;id kwe;jhs;jd; ehkk; nfl;lhs;jiyg;gl;lhs; eq;if jiytd; jhNs

jpUehTf;furH: ‘jpUj;jhz;lfk;’ (fP - 893)

7. ‘Xl; Md; v f;hP\pad; mHd;”: fPl;]; (c)

8. ‘Mde;j N[hjp’ vd;w jkpo;j; jpiug;glj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;wghly;. vOjpatH: fz;zjhrd;.

9. ‘Gjpa Kfk;’ vd;w jkpo;j; jpiug;glj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;wghly;. vOjpatH: ituKj;J.

10. ‘ftpij cz;ikiaf; $w Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;nka;ikiaf; $w Ntz;Lnkd;w fl;Lg;ghby;iy”.

m. r. Qhdrk;ge;jd;: (fh - 231)

+


11. ‘GtpapDf; fzpaha; Md;wnghUs;je;J Gyj;jpw; whfpmtpafj; Jiwfs; jhq;fpIe;jpiz newp mshtprtpAwj; njhpe;J jz;nzz;xOf;fKk; jOtpr; rhd;NwhHftpnadf; fple;j Nfhjhthpapid tPuH fz;lhH”.

fk;guhkhazk; (M - 108)

12.rf;jp my;yJ Mw;wy;> xU Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fpy;> ehd;Ftpjq;fspy; nka;g;gLtjhfj; jw;fhyg; nghUz;ikapay;tpsf;FfpwJ. ,e;ehd;Fk; xNu rf;jpapd; ntspg;ghnld;gijepWtf; $ba XH xUikg; ghl;Lf; $w;W (Grand Theory ofUnification) Nehf;fpNyNa mwptpay; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;


Nkhl;rk;> Kf;jp vd;nwy;yhk; rk];f;Ujj;jpy; $wg;gLtJjkpopy; tPLNgW my;yJ tPL vd;W toq;fg;gLfpwJ. gpwg;G-,wg;G vd;w Roypy; ,Ue;J tpLgLtijNa ,r;nrhy;ngUk;ghYk; Fwpf;fpwJ. XUapH gy;NtW gpwtpfs; vLj;J>,Wjpapy; tpLgl;L Kf;jp epiy milAk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifiag;ngUk;ghyhd ,e;jpa nka;apay; E}y;fs; mbg;gilf;fUj;jhff; nfhz;Ls;sd.1

‘gpwtpg; ngUq;fly; ePe;JtH ePe;jhH,iwtdb Nruh jhH” (x-3)

vd;W jpUf;Fws; nrhy;fpwJ.

‘fs;sg; Gyf;Fuk;igf;fl;ltpo;f;f ty;yhid” (, - 147)

vd;W khzpf;fthrfH NgrpAs;shH. ,e;jpa nka;apay;E}y;fspy; nghpJk; NjHr;rp ngw;wtH k`hftp ghujpahH. mtHKf;jpiag; gw ;wpg ; ghlhky; ,Ue;jpUg;ghuh? jk;vz;znky;yhk; nea;ahfj; jk; caphpDs; tsHe;j tz;ztpsf;fhf Njr tpLjiyiaf; fz;ltH> Md;k tpLjiyvdg;gLk; Kf;jp epiy gw;wpAk; mq;fq;Nf jk; fUj;ijntspg;gLj;jp cs;shH. ‘Ntz;Lkb vg;NghJk; tpLjiymk;kh” vd;W guhrf;jpaplk; tuNk Nfl;fpwhH.

‘tpl;L tpLjiy Mfpepw;gha; ,e;jr;rpl;Lf; FUtpiag; NghNy” (m-113)

gpiwepyh KOepytha; Mf Vq;FtJ Nghy; > xUntz;ghtpd; Kjy; ghjp> KOik ngw Vq;FtJ Nghy;> capHKOik ngw;Wa;a ,irf;Fk; tpLjiy Ntl;ifia md;Nwh,e;jg; gy;ytp vjpnuhypf;fpwJ!

gioa rhj;jpuq;fspy; cs;s midj;ijAk; Muhahky;Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; fz;%bj;jdk; ghujpahhplk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy.gioikapy; cs;s ey;y fUj;Jfisg; Nghw;wpa ghujpahH>mjpy; fz;l jPa fUj;JfisAk;> jw;fhy r%f mikg;gpw;Fxt;thj fUj;JfisAk; kpff; fLikahfr; rhlj;jaq;fpajpy;iy.

‘ngha;ik E}y;fs; vw;Wtha;” (m-159)

vd;Wk; ghujpahH ghbAs;shH.

‘tHzh];uk jHkk;” vd;w nrhw;nwhlH %yk; ,e;Jkjj;jpd; gioik newp my;yJ Nfhl;ghL gyuhYk; Rl;bf;


fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. cz;ikapNy ,r;nrhw;nwhlH xNuNfhl;ghl;ilf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhw;nwhlH ,y;iy. ‘tHz jHkk;”>‘M];uk jHkk;” vd;w ,UNtW Nfhl;ghLfs;,r;nrhw;nwhlhpy; mlf;fk;. ,e;j ,U Nfhl;ghLfSf;Fk;VNjh njhlHG ,Ug;gJNghy; rpy Neuq;fspy;Ngrg;gl;bUe;jhYk;> ,uz;Lf;Fk; njhlHG fpilahJ vd;gNjghujpahhpd; fUj;jhf mtH ghly;fspy; ntspg;gl;Ls;sJ.

kdpjHfis ehd;F tHzq;fshf> [hjpfshfg; gphpj;Jf;fhl;bg; NgRk; ‘tHz jHkk;” vd toq;fg;gl;l mjHkj;ijmbNahL kWj;Jj; JzpNthL rhbatH ghujpahH.

‘rhjpfs; ,y;iyab ghg;gh-Fyj;jho;r;rp cah;r;rpnrhy;yy; ghtk;” (m-268)vd;W Foe;ijfSf;F mwpTWj;jpatH ghujpahH.

‘[hjp kjq;fisg; ghNuhk;-caH[d;kk; ,j;Njrj;jpy; va;jpduhapd;.Ntjpa uhapDk; xd;Nw-md;wpNtW Fyj;jtH MapDk; xd;Nw” (m-133)

vd;W mtH jPHkhdkhfg; ghbAs;shH. Nkk;Nghf;fhfg;gbj;jjpy; mtH ghly;fspy; gad;gLj;jpa ,U nrhw;fs; vd;neQ;rpy; neUbd.

‘<dg; giwaHfNsDk;” (m-133)

vd;;w thpapy; cs;s ‘<d” vd;w nrhy; xd;W

‘giwaUf;Fk; ,q;F jPaHGiyaUf;Fk; tpLjiy” (m-180)

vd;w thpapy ; cs;s ‘jPaH” vd;w nrhy; kw ;nwhd;W.,t;tpuz;ilAk; ,opnrhw;fs; vd;W ehd; fw;gpj ;Jf;nfhz;lNj neUlYf;Ff; fhuzk;. NkYk; rpe;jpj;j gpwFnjspT gpwe;jJ. ‘<dk;” vd;w nrhy;> typik Fd;wp cs;sepiyiaf; Fwpg;gNj tHz (m) jHkf; Nfhl;ghl;lhy; gpd;js;sg;gl;L> Klf;fg;gl;l r%fk; typik Fd;wp ,Ue;jmtyj;ijNa mr;nrhy; %yk; ghujpahH ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shH.mNjNghy; ‘jPaH” vd;w nrhy; jPik nra;gtH vd;w nghUspy;,q;Nf gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. “jPaH” vd;w xU [hjpmiof;fg;gl;l Nrjp vdf;Fg; gpwFjhd; njspthapw;W. kwe;Jk;my;yJ ftdf;Fiwthff; $l tHz (m) jHkj;ij


xg;Gf;nfhs;s kWj;jtuhapw;Nw ghujpahH !

‘epfnud;W nfhl;L KuNr - ,e;jePzpyk; tho;gtnuy;yhk;jfnud;W nfhl;L KuNr - ngha;ikr;rhjp tFg;gpid vy;yhk;” (m-263)

vd;W Kuriwe;J nrhd;d Kjw; ftpQH ghujpahH.

tHz (m) jHkj;ij kWj;j ghujpahH> M];uk jHkk;

vd;wiof;fg;gl;l Kiwikia Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;shH.

‘epw;gJNt elg;gJNt gwg;gJNt ePq;fnsy;yhk;nrhw;gdk;jhdh gy Njhw;w kaf;fq;fNsh”

vdf; Nfs;tpfis mLf;Fk; ghlYf;F ghujpahNu xUKd;Diu vOjpAs;shH.

‘vy;yh rh];jpuq;fSk; Vwf;Fiwa cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy;>vy;yhUf;Fk;> vg;NghJk;> xNu rh];jpuk; xj;J tuhJ. rpd;djpU\;lhe;jk; nrhy;YfpNwd;:-

xU nry;tH> fpotdhH. xU Ntis M`huk; nra;Jnfhz;L>nysfpf tp\aq;fisj; jhd; ftdpahky; gps;isfs; ifapNynfhLj;Jtpl ;L> epak ep\;ilfs;> [g jgq;fSld;Re;jufhz;lj;ijAk;> fNlhgep\j;ijAk;> ghuhazk; nra;Jnfhz;L tPl;il tpl;L ntspNawhkypUg;gNj Nkyhd topnad;wnfhs;if ,e;jf; fpotdhUf;Fr; rhpg;gl;L tUk;.

xU 16 taJ Viog;gps;is; jfg;gdpy;iy; tPl;bNyjhahUf;Fk; jq;iff;Fk; jdf;Fkhf vq;NfDk; Ngha; ehY gzk;nfhz;Lte;jhy;jhd; md;wd;W mLg;G %l;lyhk;. ,td; Nkw;gbRe;ju fhz;l topiag; Ngha;g; gpbj;jhy; epahakhFkh?

‘,e;j cyfNk ngha;’ vd;W ekJ Njrj;jpy; xU rh];jpuk; toq;fptUfpwJ. ]d;ah]pfs; ,ij Xahky; nrhy;ypf ;nfhz;bUf;fl;Lk;. mijg;gw;wp> ,e;j epkp\k; vdf;FtUj;jkpy;iy. FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ug;NghUf;F me;j thHj;ijnghUj;jkh? eL tPl;by; cr;rhpf;fyhkh? mtr;nrhy;yd;Nwh?ekf;Fj; je;ij itj;Jtpl;Lg; Nghd tPLk; taYk; ngha;ah?jq;fr; rpiy NghNy epw;fpwhs; kidtp. ekJ Jauj;Jf; nfy;yhk;fz;zPH tpl;Lf; fiue;jhs;;; ekJ kfpo;r;rpapd; Nghnjy;yhk; cly;G+hpj;jhs;;; ekJ Foe;ijfis tsHj;jhs;;; mts; ngha;ah?Foe;ijfSk; ngha;jhdh? ngw;wthplk; Nfl;fpNwd;. Foe;ijfs;ngha;ah? ekJ tPl;by; itj;Jf; Fk;gpLk; Fynja;tk; ngha;ah?

!


tPL fl;bf; Fbj;jdk; gz;ZNthUf;F Nkw;gb rh];jpuk;gad;glhJ. ekf;F ,t;Tyfj;jpy; Ntz;bait ePz;l taJ>Nehapy;yhik> mwpT> nry;tk; vd;w ehd;Fk;. ,tw;iwj; jUk;gbjj;jk; Fynja;tq;fis kd;whbf; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. vy;yhnja;tq;fSk; xd;W. mwk; nghUs; ,d;gk; vd;w %d;wpYk;nja;t xsp fhz Ntz;Lk;. nja;tj;jpd; xsp fz;lhy; ehd;fhk;epiyahfpa tPL jhNd fpilf;Fk;.”

(m-123)

ehd;F GU\hHj;jq;fshf rk];f;Uj nkhopapy; Ngrg;gl;lmwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL Mfpa ehd;fpy;> tPL jtpHj;J>mwk;> nghUs; ,d;gk; vd;Nw Kg;ghy; tFj;j jkpo; kiwapd;vjpNuhypNa NkNy jug;gl;Ls;s Kd;Diuapd; ,Wjp thpfs;.,Nj fUj;ij M];uk jHkj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jpg; ghHj;Js;shHghujpahH.

‘M];uk jHkk;’ vdg;gLtJ KiwNa g;Uk;kr;rHak;>f;u`];jk;> thdg;u];jk;> ]e;ah]k; vd;w gphpTfs; nfhz;lJ.fw;Fk; gUtk;> ,y;ywg; gUtk;> Xa;Tg; gUtk;> JwTg; gUtk;vd ,tw;iw XusT jkpopy; nrhy;ypf; nfhs;syhk;. ,tw;Ws;>Kjy; %d;W gUtq;fspy; nrk;ikahd tho;f;if elj;jpdhy;>ehd;fhk; epiyahfpa JwT epiy jhNd mikag;ngWk;vd;gNj ghujpahhpd; fUj;jhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ,f;fUj;Nj‘tpl;L tpLjiyahfp epw;gha;” vd;w ghlypy; xypf;fpwJ.rpl;Lf;FUtpia cjhuzk; fhl;b tho;tpd; newpKiwiakdpjHf;FzHj;Jk; Af;jp ,g;ghlypd; Kjy; ruzk;:

‘vl;Lj; jpirapYk; gwe;J jphpFitVwpaf; fhw;wpy; tpiunthL ePe;Jitkl;Lg; glhnjq;Fk; nfhl;bf; fplf;Fkpt;thndhsp vd;Dk; kJtpd; RitAz;L.” (m-113)

vl;Lj; jpirAk; gwe;J jphpjYk;> fhw;wpy; Vwp mkHe;JtpiujYk;> thdshtp kfpo;jYk; ,sikg; gUtj;jpy; kl;LNk,aYk; nra;iffs;. ntWk; Vl;Lf; fy;tp vd;w $l;Lf;Fs;rpf;fpapUf;fhky; cyF> fhw;W> thdk; vd tphpe;Jfplf;Fk;,aw;ifiag; gapYk; NjHr;rpiaf;> fditf;> fy;tpia


ghujpahH Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwhH. fhw;iwf; Fjpiu nfhz;L Vwpj;jphpAk; cs;sk; tpioe;jtuhapw;Nw! thdj;jpd; xspiaNams;spg; gUfp (‘thndhsp vd;Dk; kJtpd; RitAz;L”)mjpy; xU ‘Nfhyntwp” gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjghujpahhpd; cs;sf; fplf;if. ,aw;if ms;spj;jUk; vopypy;Vw ;gLk; Nfhyntwp ,Uf;Fk; NghJ kw;w Nghijg;nghUs;fis ehl Ntz;ba mtyj;jpw;F ,isQHfs;Mshf Ntz;bajpy;iyNa.

mLj;j ruzk;:

‘ngl;ilap Ndhbd;gk; Ngrpf; fspg;Gw;Wg;gPilapyhjNjhH $Lfl;bf; nfhz;LKl;il jUk; FQ;irf; fhj;J kfpo;nta;jpKe;j czTnfhLj; jd;G nra;jpq;F.” (m-113)

,J ,y;yw tho;it tpsf;FfpwJ. ,e;jg; gUtj;jpd;mbg;gilahf ‘md;G’ nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. jdf;F Ntz;Lk;NghJ ,d;gk; jUk; fUtpahf kidtpiaf; fztd;fUjhky;> mtNshL ‘,d;gg; Ngrpf; fspg;Gw;W’ thOk; ,d;gg;gfpHT KiwNa rpwe;j ,y;ywkhfr; Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.,y;ywk; vd;gJ ‘,d;gg;; gfpHT’ Kiwahf mikahj NghJmtyg;gLk; fUj;ij ‘ghujp mWgj;jhW” vd;w jd; mDgtntspg;ghl;Lf; ftpijapYk; ghujpahH typAWj;jpAs;shH:

‘Ngjkpd;wp kpUfq;fs; fyj;jy; Nghygphpak;te; jhy;fye;Jmd;G gphpe;Jtpl;lhy;Ntjidnahd; wpy;yhNj gphpe;J nrd;WNtnwhUtd; jidf;$l Ntz;Lk;” (m-254)

vd;w $w;iw ‘tPukpyh kdpjHnrhYk; thHj;ij” vd;WrhbAs;shH.

‘NgZk; fhjypid Ntzbad;Nwhngz;kf;fs; fw;Gepiy gpwOfpd;whHfhZfpd;w fhl;rpnayhk; kiwj;J itj;Jf;fw;Gf;fw;G vd;WyNfhH fijf;fpd;whNu!” (m-254)

vd;Wk; mtH ghbAs;shH. ‘gPilapyhjNjhH $L’ vd Vd;nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ? kw;wtH ciog;gpy; nry;tk; NrHj;Jg; gQ;rG+jq;fSs; xd;whd epyj;ijg; ngUkstpy; jd; cilikMf;fpf;nfhz;L tPLfs; fl;br; nrhj;J NrHf;Fk; Ruz;ly;tHf;fg; NgHtopahf ,y;yhky;> jd; ciog;gpy;> Njitf;F Vw;gr;


rpwpa $L fl;bf; nfhs;Sk; gwitNghy; thOk; caHe;jmwj;ijf; Fwpf;fNt gPilapyhj $L vdg; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sNjh?

rpl;Lf; FUtpg; ghlypd; %d;whtJ ruzk;:

‘Kw;wj;jp NyAk; fodp ntspapYk;Kd;fz;l jhdpak; jd;idf; nfhzHe;Jz;Lkw;wg;nghoJ fijnrhy;ypj; J}q;fpg;gpd;itfiwahFKd; ghb tpopg;Gw;W.” (m-113)

ciog;igj; jtpHj;Jf; fpilg;gijg; Grpj;J thOk; Xa;Ttho;f;if thdg;u];jh];ukj;ijNa Fwpf;fpwJ. tpbAKd;vOjYk;> ,irapy; yapj;jYk; typAWj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

,g;gb ,aw;ifNahL gpd;dpa Kg;gUt epiwtho;Ttho;e;jhy; ‘tpLjiy’ vdg;gLk; re;ah]j;Jld; mjd; gadhdtPLNgW Mfpa tpLjiy my;yJ Kf;jp jhNd mikag; ngWk;vd;gNj ,g;ghlypd; Fwpg ;G. %d;W gUtj;jpYk; kd,r;irfshy; ,Ogl;Lj; jphpahky;> me;j me;j epiyfSf;Nfw;gnjhopy; Ghpe;J> kfpo;r;rp Fd;whky; thOk; fHkNahfj;ijNaghujpahH ,g;ghlypy; tpsf;fpAs;sjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ.

Kjypw; fz;l Kd;DiuiaAk; mij xl;b ghujpahH vOjpa‘epw;GJNt elg;gJNt” vdj;njhlq;Fk; ghliyAk; ‘tpl;LtpLjiyahfp epw;gha;” vd;w ghlYld; NrHj;J itj;Jg;gbf;Fk;NghJ jhd; ‘cyNf khak;’ vd;w tul;L Ntjhe;jj;ijkWf;Fk; ghujpahUk;

‘ehndDk; ngha;iaelj;JNthd; ehd;” (m-126)

vd;w caHe;j Ntjhe;jk; NgRk; ghujpahUk; Kuz;glhky;,Ug;gJ njspthFk;.

Kf;jp my;yJ tPLNgW vd;gJ vq;Nfh nrd;W Njbg;ngWtjd;W. Nkw;nrhd;d %d;W ,ay;G epiyfspYk;nrk;ikahf tho;NthHf;F ,e;j [d;kj;jpNyNatpLjiyAz;L vd;w fUj;Nj [Ptd; Kf;jp vd;w jiyg;gpy;ghujpahH ghba thpfspy; tpsf;fk; ngWfpwJ.

‘[aKz;L gakpy;iy kdNk - ,e;j[d;kj;jpNytpL jiyAz;L epiyAz;L” (m-102)

ek ;gpf ;ifAk; > ew ;rpe ;jidAk; ghujpahUilaftpijfSf;F NkYk; nkU$l;Lfpd;wd.


‘ee;jd; te;Jtpl;Nld; - ,d;Dk;ee;jp tpyftpy;iyce;jd; ufrpaj;ij - ,d;Dk;cs;sk; czutpy;iy.

cyf tPjpapy; XbahbNaXa;e;J Nghdnjd;kdk; - ,d;Wcz;ik tPjpapy; cdJ thrypy;cUfp epw;gnjd;jtk;nja;tk; vd;Wehd; Njltpy;iy - ntWk;jPgk; xd;Wjhd; Njbepw;fpNwd;

ee;jd; te;Jtpl;Nld; - ,d;Dk;ee;jp tpyftpy;iy.

fz;fs; $g;gpf; fhj;J epw;fpNwd;ftpijahfNt mOfpNwd;vz;zk; vd;gNj Vf;fkhf - ehd;,Ug;g njd;gNj kwe;JNghfee;jd; te;Jtpl;Nld; - ,d;Dk;ee;jp tpyftpy;iy.

efiy kl;Lk; Ve;jpf;nfhz;LkdpjH $l;lk; NghtJz;L - cd;epoYk; njhpatpy;iy - vd;epidTk; njspatpy;iyNjfk; vd;gNj Nja;e;JNghf - xUjhfk; vd;gNj tbtkhf

ee;jd; te;Jtpl;Nld; - ,d;Dk;ee;jp tpyftpy;iy.

fz;fs; ghHj;jd - nrtpg;giwaH Nfl;gd - vd[hjp Ngjq;fs; nrhy;fpwhH - ,itahTk; xd;wpLk; Qhd kd;wpy; ePxspe;jpUg;gij mwpe;Jjhd;


Ie;J thry; jhz;b - ehDk;MHtj;NjhL te;Njd; - cd;Qhd thry; Kd;Nd - j;t[];jk;g khfptpl;Nld; - j;t[];jk;g khfptpl;Nld;. (f-1978)

Fwpg;GfFwpg;GfFwpg;GfFwpg;GfFwpg;Gfs;s;s;s;s;

1. “Except perhaps the Purva Mimamsa, all the systems aimat the practical end of salvation. The systems mean byrelease (Moksa) the recovery by the soul of its naturalintegrity, from which sin and error drive it . . . . Theconception of Jivanmukti or liberation in life, is admitted inmany schools.”

- Dr. S. Radhakrishnan,(P.26) Indian Philosophy, Vol – 2.

Oxford University Press, Delhi. 1996

nty;Yk; nrhy;nty;Yk; nrhy;nty;Yk; nrhy;nty;Yk; nrhy;nty;Yk; nrhy;

- - -


‘ke;jpuk;Nghy; Ntz;Lklh nrhy;ypd;gk;”vd;gJ ghujp thf;F.

‘nrhy;Yf nrhy;iyg; gpwpNjhHnrhy; mr;nrhy;iynty;Yk;nrhy; ,d;ik mwpe;J.” (x-133)

vd;W nrhw;rpf;fdj;NjhL nrhw;ngUikia tpsf;FfpwhHjpUts;StH.

xU ftpijapd; rpwg;Gf;Fr; nrhy;tsk; ,d;wpaikahjJ.nrhy;yoF vd;why; ntWk; mLf;FnkhopNah> vJif>Nkhid> ,iaG> Nghd;w mzpaoNfh ,y;iy. ‘,e;j ,lj;jpy;,JNt rhpahd nrhy;. ,ij vLj;Jtpl;L ,jw;Fg; gjpyhfNtW nrhy;iy ,q;F mkur; nra;jhy; ftpijapd; rpwg;GFiwe;JtpLk;” vd;W ve;jr; nrhy;iyg; gw;wpr; nrhy;yKbANkh> mJNt mofpa nrhy;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; mJNt nty;Yk; nrhy;gpwpnjhd;wpyhjJ.

fhzhkw; Nghd murpapd; rpyk;G xUtd; ifapy; rpf;fpaJvdf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ghz;bad; neLQ;nropad; mf;fs;tidf;nfhz;L(gpbj;J) mr;rpyk;igf; nfhzHf vdf; $wte;J>mijNa:

‘nfhd;wr; rpyk;igf; nfhzHf” vd tha;jtwpr; nrhy;yptpLtjhf mike;j ,lj;jpy;> ,jw;fhd fhuzj;ij ,sq;Nfhmbfs; ‘tpidtpis fhyk; Mfypd;” vd;W tpsf;FfpwhH.Kf;fhyg; gphpTf;Nfw;g %d;Wtpj Co;tpidfis ,e;jpaNtjhe;j E}y;fs; gFj;Jr; nrhy;fpd;wd. ,ijNa fUj;jpy;nfhz;L vOjpaJNghy; ‘tpidtpis fhyk;’ vd;w njhlHmike;Js;sJ. ‘tpis fhyk;’ vd;gJ tpise;j> tpisfpw>tpisag; NghFk; fhyk; vd Kf;fhyj;Jk; nghUe;Jk;tpidj;njhifahf mike;j Rit xUGwk;;;; tpid vd;gJtpistJ vd;w Fwpg ;G xUGwk;. ‘jpidtpijj;jtd;jpidaWg;ghd;; tpidtpijj;jtd; tpidaWg;ghd;” vd;gJgonkhop. Co;tpid vdr; nrhy;Yk; tpjpf;F tpijfshtdtpidfNs; mjhtJ nray;fNs. ‘tpjp’ vd;gJ NkypUe;JahNuh ek; jiyapy; vOjp itf;Fk; xU jpl;lk; ,y;iy. mJekf;F ehNk> ek; kdk;> nkhop> nray; Mfpa ,af;fq;fshy;,aw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; rl;lk;. ve;j tpijapypUe;J vd;dtpisAk; vd;gJ Kd;KbT nra;ag;gl;l xd;whapDk;> vijtpijj;J vd;d tpisr;ry; ngWNthk; vd;W jPHkhdpf;Fk;chpik ekf;F ,Uf;fpwNj. ,g;gbg ; gy MoKs;s


fUj;Jfisf; Fwpg;ghf czHj;Jk; nrhw;nwhlH ‘tpidtpisfhyk;”. me;j ,lj;jpy; ‘tpis’ vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fj; jf;fkhw;Wr; nrhy; vJTk; ,y;iy.

khzpf;fthrfH mUspa rptGuhzj;jpy; xU thp:

‘fs;sg; Gyf;Fuk;ig fl;ltpo;f;f ty;yhid” (,-147)

,jpy; cs;s nrhy; xt;nthd;Wk; fUj;jhok; kpf;fJ;nty;Yk;nrhy; gpwpnjhd;wpyhjJ. Fuk;ig; mJTk;Gyd;fshy; fl;lg;gl;l Fuk;ig! cUtfk; vg;gb nky;y nky;ytphpe;J nghUs; jUfpwJ. Ie;J G+jq;fs; vdg;gLk; epyk;> ePH>neUg;G> fhw;W> ntsp vd;gtw;why; mikf;fg;gl;l cyfk;Njhd;WkhW nra;tJ> ,t;ite;J G+jq;fspd; tpijfisj;jk;Kl;nfhz;ljha; ,t;Tliyf; fl;b mikf;Fk; Ie;JGyd;fNs. khaj;Njhw;wkha; cyiff; fhl;Ltjhy; ,itfs;sg; Gyd;fs; vd;W Rl;lg;gl;ld. ,f;fs;sg; Gyd;fspd;fl;il mtpo;j;jNy gpwtp Neha; jPHe;J tPLngWjy; vd;gJFwpg;G. ,jw;F NkYk; tphpT nra;a ,J nka;apay; E}y;,y;iyahifahy;> ,r; nrhw;nwhlhpd; tphpTk; NeHj;jpAk;kl;Lk; ,q;Nf Fwpg;gplg;gl;ld.

,d;gj;Jg; ghypy; xU Fws;:

“nry;yhik cz;Nly; vdf;Fiu kw;Wepd;ty;tuT tho;thHf; Fiu.” (x-237)

jiytpiag; gphpe;J jiytd; Ntw;W}H nry;y Ntz;ba#o;epiy ‘nrd;W tUfpNwd;’ vd;W nrhy;yp tpil ngw tUk;jiytdplk; jiytp $Wtjhf ,f;Fws; mikfpwJ. ‘ePNghftpy;iy vd;why; mij vd;dplk; nrhy;; Nghfpwha;vd;why; eP tUk; NghJ ahH capUld; ,Ug;ghNuh mthplk;nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L nry;” vd;gJ nghUs;. ‘eP nrd;wha;vd;why; eP tUk; tiu ehd; capUld; ,Uf;f khl;Nld;”vd;gJ Fwpg;G. ,jpy; ‘ty;tuT” vd;w nrhy;%yk;> jiytd;nrd;W> gpwF kPz;L tUifapy; jiytp capNuhbUf;f,ayhik Fwpf;fg;gl;lJ.

rpwe;j nrhy;yhl;rpf;Fj; jpUf;Fwspy; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;Vuhsk; cz;L.

“Gwe;J}a;ik ePuhd; mikAk;” vdr; nrhd;d jpUts;StH>

‘mfe;J}a;ik tha;ikahw;fhzg;gLk;” (x-298)

;


vd;fpwhH. tha;ikNa NgRk; xUtd; ,jak; kw;wtHfSf;Fntspg;gilahfNt njspthfj; njhpAkhjyhy;> tha;ikahy;mikAk; vd;W nrhy;yhky; ‘fhzg;gLk’ vd;W mwptpf;fpwhH.

kw;NwhH vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

“xU ghHit> mJTk; xUfzk; gl;Lj; njwpf;Fk; xUrpWNehf;F> eP vd; Nky; tPrpdha;. mg;gb eP tPrpa xU rpWghHitahy; vd; fz;fisNa eP fsT nfhz;Ltpl;lha;. Mk;>eP ghHj;j fzj;jpypUe;J ehd; vijg; ghHj;jhYk;> vq;NfghHj;jhYk; ePNa njhptjha; vd; ghHitia <Hj;Jf; fsthbcdjhf;fpf; nfhz;Ltpl;lha;. ,JNt fhkj;jpd; rpwe;j gFjp.cly; jOTk; Rfj;ijtpl> fz;fs; xd;iw xd;W cz;Zk;eaNk nghpa Rfk;” - ,e;jg; nghUspy;> VNo rPHfspy; rPUwmike;Js;s Fws;:

‘fz;fsT nfhs;Sk; rpWNehf;fk; fhkj;jpy;nrk;ghfk; md;W nghpJ” (x-225)

‘fz;fsT nfhs;Sk; rpWNehf;fk;’ vd;w njhlhpy;vt;tsT nrhw;rpf;fdj;NjhL Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l eakhdfUj;ij ntspapLfpwhH jpUts;Sth;.

‘$lj;jp Nykdg; ghlj;jp Nytpopf;$bf; fple;jpl;l MzoifXilf; FspHkyHg; ghHitapdhy; mts;cz;zj; jiyg;gL Neuj;jpNyghlk; gbj;J epkpHe;j tpopjdpy;gl;Lj; njwpj;jJ khdpd; tpopMil jpUj;jpepd; whs;mts; jhd;mtd;Mapuk; VL jpUg;Gfpd;whd;” (v-60)

fz;fsT nfhs;Sk; rpWNehf;fj;ijg; gz; fsT nfhz;lghlyha; tbj;jpUf;fpwhH ghujpjhrdhH. Mzoif mts;Xilf;FspH kyHg; ghHitapdhy; cz;zj; jiyg;gl;lhs;.mg;nghOJ ghlk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j mtd; rl;nldepkpHe;J ghHf;f mtd; tpop gl;l Ntfj;jpy;> mtdoifcz;zj; jiyg;gl;l tpop rpd;dr; rpd;dj; Jspfsha;r; rpjw>me;j xU fzj;jpy; mtd; tpop tPr;rpy; mts; clypd;mZf;fs; NjhWk; Xuhapuk; kpd;dy;fs; xspr; rpjwy;fsha;g;gl;Lj;njwpf;f mts; jd; cly; KOtJk; mtd; tpopgl;Lj;


Jtz;L rhptijr; rhp nra;J nfhs;Sk; ghtidapy; MiljpUj;jp epd;whs;. epkpHe;j tpop epkpHe;jgb epiyj;J tpl> mtd;iffs; kl;Lk; jk;kpr ;irahf VLfisg; Gul;bf;nfhz;bUe;jdntd;W nrhy;Nyhtpak; jPl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ,f;ftpij.

ftpij fw;Wj;jUk; Mrphpadhf murd; kfsplk; nrd;wxU ftpQd; mtsplk; jd; kdj;ijg; gwpnfhLj;jij mtd;thapyhfNt nrhy;Yk; ghujpjhrdhhpd; ftpij xU rpwe;jnrhw;nwhliu ekf;Fj; jUfpwJ:

‘jd; kfSf; nfid mioj;Jf; ftpij nrhy;ypj;jur;nrhd;dhd; mt;thW jUq;fhy; ,e;jg;nghd;kfSk; vidf;fhjy; ve;jpuj;jhy;Gyd;khw;wpg; Nghl;Ltpl;lhs; xg;gp tpl;Nld;” (v-31)

Gyd; khw;wpg; NghLk; fhjy; ve;jpuk;! vj;jid eakhd

Fwpg;G!

rpd;dr; rpd;dr; nrhw;fs; vg;gb nky;y nky;y tphpe;Jrpwe;j fUj;JfisAk; fhl;rpfisAk; gbg;NghH rpe;ijapy; gjpaitf;fpd;wd. nrhy;ypd; typik ,j;Jld; epw;gjpy;iy. jhd;tphpa itf;Fk; mHj;jk; my;yJ nghUshy; mwpitf; ftUk;ty;yik gilj;j nrhw;fs; xUGwk; ,Uf;f> mHj;jk; vJTk;tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Kbahj Xirf; Fwpg;ghfTk; xypeakhfTk;‘j;tdp’ vOg;gp cs;sj;ij CLUtpr; nrd;W czHr;rpiaj;J}z;Lk; nrhw;fSk; cs;sd. jpdKk; gyKiw ehk; tof;fpy;gad;gLj;Jk; mHj;jkpy;yhj xU nrhy; xU ftpQDilaMSiff;F cl;gLk; nghOJ ,g;gbg;gl;l typik tha;ejczHr;rpr ; nrhy;yhf cUntLf;fpwJ. r PijNahLk;y~;kzNdhLk; uhkd; fhdfj;jpy; nrd;w moif tpsf;fKaYk; fk;g rpj;jpuk;> uhkDila tbt mofpd; Kd; nkhopNjhw;WtpLk; ghd;ikia czHj;Jtjd; %yk; ftpj;Jtj;jpy;ntw;wp ngWfpwJ.

‘nta;Nahd; xsp jd; Nkdpapd;tphpNrhjpapy; kiwangha;Nah vDk; ,ilahnshLk;,isahndhLk; Nghdhd;ikNah kufjNkh kwpflNyhkioKfpNyhINah ,td; tbntd;gNjhHmopah moFilahd;” (M - 78)


,jpYs;s ‘INah’ vd;w thHj;ijf;F nghUs; nrhy;yKbahJ. Mdhy; me;jr; nrhy;jhd; ek; czHTfis CLUtpcapHepiyf;Fs; nrd;W xsp mshtp epw;fpwJ. ‘fk;gd;,irj;j ftpnayhk; ehd;” (m-126) vd;W ngUkpjg;gl;lghujpahH fk;ghpd; mbnahw;wpj; jd; Fapy; ghl;by;

‘rhkP ,tsoif vw;Nwjkpopy; ,irj;jpLNtd;” (m-306)

vd;W jd; Mw;whikia ntspg;gLj;JfpwhH.

ahUk; ,y;yhj xU Nrhiy eLNt xU ePNuhiliaf; fz;lcld; myl;rpakhfj; jd; Milfisf; fise;njwpe;Jtpl;LepHthzkhf Xbr; nrd;W Xilapy; Fjpj;J ePe;Jk; XH mofpaeq;if Nghy; ,g;gbg;gl;l nrhw;fs; nkhopapd; tiuaiwfiscilj;njwpe;Jtpl;L ek; cap&w;Wf;Fs; Fjpj;J ePe;jpf;fspf;fpd;wd.

,e;j epiyfisnay;yhk; fle;J> thd; ntspia ek;Ks;tphpa itj;J> mjd; %iy KLf;nfy;yhk; ek;ikj; jphpaitj;Jf; fhyq;fle;J thOk; mjpHTfis ekjhf;fp ek;cs;Sk; GwKk; If;fpakhtij czh;j;Jk; nrhw;fNs ke;jpur;nrhw;fs;. ‘NjtH tUfntd;W nrhy;tNjh” vd;w ftpijf;FKd; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; mf;ftpijapd; tpsf;fk; Nghy;ghujpahH vOjpAs;s ,U thf;fpaq;fs;:-

‘(nrhy; xd;W Ntz;Lk;. Njt rf;jpfis ek;Ks;Nsepiyngwr; nra;Ak; nrhy; Ntz;Lk;)” (m-107)

,ijj;jhd; ek;Kld; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ftpQH>ukzd; jd; ‘mUl;Fws;” vd;w E}ypy; nrhy;fpwhH:-

‘jPnad;why; fhnlhpaj; Njndd;why; G+kfpotha; epd;w NguUNs thf;F” (lh-16)

Mk;! jPnad;W nrhd;dhy; fhL vhpa Ntz;Lk;;;; Njd; vd;W

nrhd;dhy; G+ kfpo Ntz;Lk;;;; MLNthNk gs;S ghLNthNkvd;why; Mde;j Rje;jpuk; fpl;bNa Mf Ntz;Lk;. epfo;j;jpf;


fhl;Lk; nrhw;fis neQ;rpy; epytr; nra;tjhy; ftpQHfs;mt;tg;NghJ hp\pfs; MfpwhHfs;. nrhw;fisf; fUtpfshfg;gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;Fk; ftpQd; cau caur; nrd;W xUepiyf;F Nky; vd;Wk; thOk; mopahj nrhw;fspd;fUtpahfj; jd;idNa xg;gilj;J tpLfpd;whd;. mg;nghOJXahj mUtpahfr; nrhw;fs; mtid kPwp ntspg;gl;LMde;jf; $j;jhLk;.

nra;jp nrhy;Yk; rpy nrhw;fs;;; nra;jpapd; gpd;dzpaha;cs;s rpe;jidia tphpa itf;Fk; rpy nrhw;fs;. fUj;jpy;nrhy; fUf;nfhz;ljh> my;yJ fUj;ijr; nrhy; Rke;J te;JcyFf;F <d;wjh vdg; gphpj;Jg; ghHf;f Kbahj gpizg;gpy;nrhy;Yk; nghUSk; ,ize;J tUjYk; $Lk;. nrhy;Yk;fUj;Jk; Kuz;gl;L xd;Nwhnlhd;W nghUjYk; $Lk;.

‘nta;Nahd; xsp jd;Nkdpapd;’ vd;w fk;gH ftpijapy;njhlf;fj;jpNyNa filrp thpapy; vJifr; nrhy;yha;‘ma;Nah’ vd;w nrhy; tu ,Ug;gjhff; ftpQH Kd;KbTnra;J nfhz;L ‘nta;Nahd;’ vdj; jd; ftpijiaj;njhlq;fpdhuh my;yJ Kjy; %d;W thpfspd;fdk;nghUe;jpa nrhw;fs; jhkhfNt filrp thpapd; vJifr;nrhy;iy <Hj;Jf; nfhz;ldth? cz;ikapy; ,f;ftpijnrhy;y te;j nra;jp Kjypuz;L thpfspNyNa Kw;Wg;ngw;Wtpl;lJ. fjputDila xsp jd; clypypUe;J tphpAk;N[hjpapy; kiwa> rPijNahLk;> jk;gpNahLk; Nghdhd; vd;WKjy; ,uz;L thpfspy; nra;jpiar; nrhd;d ftpr;rf;utHj;jp>‘Nghdhd;’ vd;w nrhy; tpistpj;j mjpHTfspy; ,uhkd;ele;J Nghd me;jf; fhl;rp kdf;fz;zpy; tphpa>nka;kwe;JNgha; mff;fhl;rpia mg;gbNa tHzpf;Fk;jhfj;jpy ; ce;jg ;gl ;L> ‘ikNah kufjNkh kwpflNyhkioKfpNyh” vd tpae;J tpae;J> NkYk; vJTk; nrhy;yKbahky; ehf;Fowp> nkhopapoe;J ‘INah’ vdj; jLkhwptpOe;J njhOtjhNyNa ,f;ftpij epkpHe;J epd;W> fhyj;ijntd;W> ,d;wsTk; ,dpik nfhLf;fpwJ.

<w;wb vLj;Jf; nfhLf;fg; gl;lTld; mjw;Nfw;g Kjy;%d;W mbfis Kbj;J tpLk; tpj ;jhuj;jpy ; caHe;jftpijfs; cjpg;gjpy;iy. nkhopg; Gyikahy; kl;Lk; tpisAk;nrhw;fs; Nfl;lhiug; gpzpg;gjpy;iy. ehhpy; njhLf;fg;gl;lkyHfs; Nghy; mLf;fg;gl;l nrhw;fs; mkuj;tk; ngWtjpy;iy.Nfhs;fs; xd;iw xd;W <Hg;gjhy; tpohky; RoYtijg;Nghy;>


Gwg; gpizg;gpd;wpj; jk; cs;sPHg;ghy; mzptFj;J tUk;nrhw;fNs caHe;j ftpijfshfpd;wd. jd;idkPwpf;nfhz;L ntspg;gLk; nrhy; xt;nthd;Ws;Sk; ftpQd;Eioe;J nry;fpwhd; - mLj;J tUk; nrhy; vd;dntd;WmwpahkNyNa! vijNehf;fpr; nry;fpNwhk; vd;W GhpahkNyNa.

‘ePUf;Fj; jtpj;jkPd; epoYf;Fj; jtpj;jfhy;epyk;njhlj; jtpj;j tpOJepyTf;Fj; jtpj;jthd; ePsj; jtpj;jNtHepw;fj; jtpj;j FotpNghUf;Fj; jtpj;jNjhs; nghq;fj; jtpj;jghy;nghopaj; jtpj;j Nkfk;GjpHf;Fs; jtpj;jtpil Giff;Fs; jtpj;j jPG+f;fj; jtpj;j nkhl;LVUf;Fj; jtpj;jkz; VNlwj; jtpj;jgh,uTf;Fj; jtpj;j my;ypvhpaj; jtpj;jjphp Vwj; jtpj;jnfhb,itfspd; jtpg;gpidg; Nghy;NeUf;F NeUd;id NeHj;jpaha;f; fhz vd;neQ;rk; jtpf;fpd;wNjneUQ;rpiag; ghHitahy; FwpQ;rpkyH Mf;fpLk;epHky kPdhl;rpNa.” (B-1)

- gbf;Fk;Nghnjy;yhk; gbg;NghH tpopfspy; ePHj;jpiututioj;J neQ;ir cUf;Fk; mw;Gjkhd Ik;gJftpijfspd; njhFg;G ‘,kak; nfhLj;j epyNt’. ,jd;MrphpaH ek;kpilNa thOk; ftpQH Nfh. kzptz;zd;. xUftpij vOjg;gLk; Kd;Ng> mJ nkhop tbtpy; cUthFk;Kd;Ng> xU ftpQDila Kidg;gpy;> my;yJ mf;ftpQdpd;cs;nshspAk; thd;ntspAk; re;jpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; gpizg;gpy;>mf;ftpij ntspg;glj; jtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; kHkj;ij‘VNlwj; jtpj;j gh’ vd;W tpaf;fpwhH kzptz;zd;. NkNyvLj;jhsg;gl;l ftpijapy; Nkhidr; nrhw;fSk; vJifr;nrhw;fSk; rPuhfTk; nrk;ikahfTk; cs;s mikg;Gf;Ff;$lf; ftpQd; nghWg;gpy ;iy vdyhk; . NeUf;F NeHkPdhl;rpiaf; fz;Ltpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w jtpg ;G xUNtl;ifahf cUntLj;J ‘ePH’ Njbaiyaf; ftpij jhNd

‘ePUf;Fj; jtpj;j kPd;’ vdj; njhlq;FfpwJ. kw;w nrhw;fs;>VNjh clw;fha;r;rypd; cr;rfl;lj;jpy; cswy;fs; $l tpiue;JrPNuhL ntspg ; gLjy;Nghy; jhNk mLf;fLf;fhfntspg ;gLfpd;wd. mtw;W}Nl nrd;W kPs;tjd;wpf ;ftpQDf;Nfh mtd; rpe;jidf;Nfh NtW vJTk; nra;a


Kbtjpy;iy. nrhw;fs; mtid Ml;nfhs;fpd;wd.mg;gbg;gl;l nrhw;fNs Gwg;gpizg;gpd;wpj; jk; cs;sPHg;ghy;kl;LNk mzptFj;J tUfpd;wd. ,ilapd;wpj; jk; mfKidg;gpd; mjpHTfisNa nkhopahf;FtjpYk;nrayhf;FtjpYk; %o;fpg;Ngha;> mtw;iwj; jtpuj; jd;idr;Rw;wpr; RoYk; mjpHTf; fliyr; rw;Wk; mDgtpf;fhky;>mwpaf; $l khl;lhky; tho;e ;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;kdpjHfSf;fpilapy; xU rpyH jk;ikr; Rw;wpAs;smjpHTfis Nehf;fj; jiyg;gLfpwhHfs;. mtHfNsfiyQHfshfpwhHfs; mtHfSs;Sk; ahNuh xUtd;> ‘jhd;’vd;W fw;gpj;Jf;nfhz;l tiuaiwia xU fzNkDk; fle;J>,Jtiuj; jd;idr; Rw;wpapUe;jdtha;j ; Njhd;wpamjpHTfisj; jdjha; czHe;J> mtw;Ws;Sk; jhNdaha;epiwe;J> kPSk; nghOJ me;jg; Gjpa mDgtj;ij> mjpy; jhd;czHe;j Gjpa tphpit kw;wtHfNshL gfpHe;J nfhs;sKay;fpwhd;. mg;NghJ mtd; ftpQdhfpwhd;. me;jKaw;rpapy; mtd; <LgLk; fzj;jpy; ntl;l ntspahfpathdk; mtDf;Fj; Jizepd;W mtid tho;j;JfpwJ.‘,Njh xUtd; jd;id tphpit nra;J> jhd;my;yhjitaha; ,Jtiu NtWgLj;jpg; ghHj;jpUe;jtw;Ws;Sk;jd;id czHe;jNjhL> ,ij cyFf;F mwptpf ;fKidfpwhd;. vd; xUikiaAk; ngUikiaAk; (tphpitAk;)giwrhw;w KaYk; ,td; tho;f!” vd thdk; mtidtho;j;jpj; jd; tphpj;j mjpHTfspy; ,Ue;J nrhy; kionghopfpwJ. ,g;gbj;jhd; ftpijapd; gpwg;ig cUtfpf;fKbfpwJ. ,J VNjh cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghd XH caHTetpw;rpahf> kHkk; epiwe;jjhfj; njd;glyhk;. Mdhy; Mo;e;jNehf;fpy; ,jd; NgUz;ik njspthFk;. fzk; NjhWk;‘mfy;tpRk;G’ vd;w ntl;lntspapy; rpw;wZf;fs; jhNkNjhd;wp kiwAk; mz;lg; ngUtpisahliy> mg;gbj; Njhd;wpkiwAk; nehbg; nghOJf;Fs; mtw;wpy; rpy xd;Nwhnlhd;WNkhjpg; gpize;J xd;whfp kPz;Lk; gphpe;J tpyFtij>,d;iwa rpw;wZg; nghUz;ik ,ay; (Particle Physics)Muha;e;J tpsf;FfpwJ. rpw;wZg; nghUz;ikapay; ty;YdHrpyH ,d;Dk; rw;W Muha;e;J> xU jdp kdpjDf;Fs; xUGjpa ‘tpaDyNf’ gpwe;J tsuf; $Lk; vd;W tpsf;fpAs;sdH.vdNt ftpij gpwf;Fk; #oy; NkNy tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpjk;mwptpaYf;F Kuzhdjd;W. ghujpAk; ,ijj;jhNd ghbdhH:

‘fzk;NjhWk; tpag;Gf;fs; Gjpa Njhd;Wk;fzk;NjhWk; ntt;NtW fdT Njhd;Wk;fzk;NjhWk; etetkhq; fspg;Gj; Njhd;Wk;


fUjplTk; nrhy;yplTk; vspNjh Mq;Nffzk;NjhWk; xUGjpa tz;zk; fhl;bf;fhspguh rf;jpats; fspf;Fk; Nfhyk;fzk;NjhWk; mts;gpwg;ghs; vd;W NkNyhHfUJtjd; tpsf;fj;ij ,q;Ff; fhz;gha;.”

(m-403)

‘fzk;NjhWk;> fzk;NjhWk;’ vd;W mtd; tpae;Jiuj;j,f;ftpij>

‘ghubNah thdj;jpy; GJik vy;yhk;” (m-402)

vd;w ghliy mLj;J tUtJ Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. NkYk; ,ijj;njhlHe;J tUk; ftpijfSs; xd;W:

‘ghHRlHg; ghpjpiar; #oNt glHKfpy;vj;jid jPg;gl;nlhptd XNfhvd;dB ,e;j td;dj; jpay;Gfs;vj;jid tbtk; vj;jid fyitjPapd; Fok;Gfs; nrOk;nghd; fha;r;rptpl;l Xilfs; - ntk;ik Njhd;whNkvhpe;jpLk; jq;fj; jPTfs; ghubePyg; ngha;iffs; mllh ePytd;dk; xd;wpy; vj;jid tifaBvj;jid nrk;ik gRikAk; fUikAk;vj;jid fhpa ngUk;ngUk; G+jk;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .” (m-403)

thid tpae;J> thdj;jpy ; fzk;NjhWk; epfOk;GJikfis tpae;J ghujp ghbaJ> ftpij gpwf;Fk; tpjk; vdNkw;nrhd;d $w;iw NkYk; tpsf;Ffpwjd;Nwh?

nka;kwe;JNgha; jd;idapof;fpd;w jtk;GhpAk; ftpQDf;Fthd;jUk; tuNk nrhw;fs;. jd; Kidg;gpy; cjpf;Fk;mjpHTfspy; ,Ue;J rw;W tpyfp> tphpe ;J thdj;jpd;mjpHTfspy; gq;Nfw;W k PSk; NghJ mtd; ms;spf ;nfhz;LtUk; mjpHtiyfs; jhNk nrhw;fsha; mtid kPwpntspg;gl;L> mzptFj;J xU ftpijahf mikfpd;wd.,e;jg; NgUz;ikiaj;jhd; ‘ke;jpuk; Nghy; Ntz;Lklhnrhy;ypd;gk;” vd;W ghujp Rl;bf; fhl;bdhd;. mg;gb tUk;nrhw;fNs epfo;j;jpf; fhl;Lk; typikAs;sit. mg;gbg;gl;lepiyapy; j P vd;why; fhnlhpAk; ; ; Njd; vd;why;


cz;ikapNyNa ehl;L tpLjiy fpl;Lk;. ,g;gbg;gl;lnrhw;fNs nty;Yk;nrhy; gpwpnjhd;wpyhjit.

‘vd;nrhw;fSf;Fs; Vwpf;nfhs;

nrhHfj;ijf; fhl;LfpNwd;-vd;fw;gidg; Gutpia cd;

fz;fspy; G+l;LfpNwd;

Nkfq;fspNy Njfk; ,ioj;JNkdp gilj;jplyhk;kpd;diyg;Nghy; Js;spj; Js;spthdpy; Fjpj;jplyhk;epyhg; gpiwiaj; Je;Jgp ahf;fpehjk; vOg;gplyhk;thd tpy;iy tisj;Jf; fl;b>Mil nea;jplyhk;

vd;nrhw;fSf;Fs; Vwpf;nfhs;nrhHfj;ijf; fhl;LfpNwd;

ePHf;Fkpopf;Fs; epidtpoe;J Ngha;epj;jpiu nra;jplyhk; - mq;FNeHg;gLfpd;w fhw;iw ekf;Ff;fhty; mkHj;jplyhk;el;rj;jpuq;fis vy;yhk; ekJthHj;ij tapuq;fshy;ntl;fg;gl itj;J neQ;rk;tpk;kpg; Gilj;jplyhk;


capHf;fUTf;Fs; CLUtpg;Ngha;


cz;ik mwpe;jplyhk; - mq;Nftbtk; vLj;J tsUk; Gjpakhak; czHe;jplyhk;cyf tpspk;Gf; Nfhbr;nrd;NwcUz;L tpOe;jplyhk;tpOe;Jnfhz;Nl tPuf;fijfs;Ngrpf; fspj;jplyhk;


Mdhy;nrhw;fSf;Fs; Vwpf;nfhz;lhy;kPz;Ltu khl;lha;nrhw;fNshL nrhw;fshff;fiue;J Ngha;tpLtha; - cd;tpopnjhlhj ,lnkyhk; vd;nkhop Eioe;J nry;Yk;moptpyhj ml;ruq;fs;mku tho;T ey;Fk;vd;nrhw;fSf;Fs; Vwpf;nfhs;nrhHfj;ijf; fhl;LfpNwd; - vd;fw;gidg; Gutpia cd;fz;fspy; G+l;LfpNwd;mNjh me;jf;fhdy;ePiuf; fle;J nrd;why;fw;gfr; Nrhiy tUk;. (f-1978)(f-1978)(f-1978)(f-1978)(f-1978)

---------------------

Vd; vd;w Nfs;tpVd; vd;w Nfs;tpVd; vd;w Nfs;tpVd; vd;w Nfs;tpVd; vd;w Nfs;tp


ffffftpij Vd; vOjg;gLfpwJ? ,jw;F tpil fhZk;Kaw;rpahf ,f; fl;Liuia vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

jd;id ntspg ;gLj;jpf ; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;wcs;@f;fk;> caphpdk; midj;Jf;Fk; nghJthdJ. ,e;jcs;@f;fj;jpd; mbg;gilf; fhuzq;fs; ,uz;L: xd;W> jhd;- kw;wit vd;w ghFghL; kw;nwhd;W> jhd; kw;wtw;NwhL,af;f hPjpahf njhlHG nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w Kidg;G.,g;ghFghLk; Kidg;Gk; caphpdq;fSf;F kl;Lkd;wp>capuw ;witahff; fUjg;gLk; nghUs;fSf;Fk;nghJthditNa. nghUs;fspd; mbg;gilf; $Wfshff;fUjg;gl;l mZf;fSk;> mtw;wpYk; mbg;gilf; $Wfshff;fUjg;gLk; rpw;wZf;fSk; (particles) xd;Nwhnlhd;W<Hj;jYk; jtpHj;jYk; Md njhlHGfspy; ,ilapd;wp <LgLk;nka;ikiaj; jw;fhy mwptpay;> Fwpg ;ghfr; rpw ;wZg;nghUz;ikapay; (particle physics) tpsf;FfpwJ.nghUs;fspilNa <Hj;jy; - jtpHj;jy; vd ntspg;gLk;rf;jpNa> caHepiyfspy;> capHfspilNa Ntz;Ljy; -Ntz;lhik vd ntspg;gLfpwJ.

<Hj;jYk; jtpHj;jYk;> mjpHTfshYk; mjpHTfshfTk;epfo;tdNt. ‘Xir’ vd;gJ mjpHTfshy; MtNj. rpymjpHTfs; XirahfTk; rpy mjpHTfs; Xiraw;wd NghYk;fUjg;glg; Gwr;#oy; fhuzkhfpwJ.

‘el;rj;jpuq;fs; efUk; NghJehj nts;s g;uisak;fhw;wpyhj fhuzj;jhy;fhJf;Fj;jhd; nksdk;” (f-1978)

XirfshFk; mjpHTfs; midj;Jk; ek; nrtpfSf;Fg;Gyg;gLtjpy;iy. ek; nrtpg;Gydpd; EfHjpwd; xU Fwpg;gpl;ltiuaiwf;F cl;gl;lJ. Gwf;fhuzq;fisj; jtpHj;JNehf;fpdhy; mjpHTfs; midj;JNk Xirfs; my;yJXirfshFk; jpwj;jitNa.

mwptpaypy; ,Ue;J ftpijf;F tUNthk;. Xir vOg;Gk;Kidg;G jd;ntspg ;ghl;Lf;F xU rhjdk;. jd;idntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w Kidg;Gf;Ff;fhuzk; jhd; kw;wtw;NwhL njhlHGw Ntz;Lk; vd;wNtl;if.

jd;nkhop NgRk; kw;w kdpjHfNshL jhd; njhlHG nfhs;s


Ntz;Lk; vd;w Ntl;ifahy; ce;jg;gl;L xU kdpjd; vOg;Gk;Xir nkhopahfpwJ. nkhop vd;w fUtpapd; %yk; xUkdpjd; kw;wtHfNshL gy tpjq;fspy; njhlHG nfhs;sKbfpwJ. gy tpjj; njhlHGfSf;Nfw;g ciueil> trdk;>ehlfk; vdg; gy tbtq;fspy; nkhop tsHfpwJ. mg;gbxUtpjj; njhlHGf;fhf mikag; ngWk; nkhoptbtk;jhd;ftpijah vd;w Nfs;tp vOfpwJ.

jd;nkhop NgRk; kdpjHfNshL kl;Lkd;wpj; jd;nkhopmwpahj kdpjHfNshLk; njhlHG nfhs;s xU kdpjd;vOg;Gk; Xir Fwpg;nghypahfj; njhlq;fp nky;y nky;y,irtbthf tsHe;J rpwf;fpwJ.

vj;jidNah mwpQH ngUkf;fs; If;fpa ehLfsitapy;epfo;j ;jpa NgUiufisf; fhl;bYk; lhf;lH vk; .v];.Rg;Gyl;Rkpapd; ,iryaj;jpy;jhd; If;fpa ehLfs; mit jd;If;fpaj; jd;ikia XusNtDk; czHe;J nfhz;lnjd;why;mJ kpifahfhJ.

,e;j ,uz;L epiyfisAk; fle;J kdpjd; kw;wtHfNshLkl;Lkd;wp> kw;wtw;NwhLk;> mjhtJ [lg;nghUs;fshff;fUjg;gLk; mZf;NfhitfNshLk; njhlHGWk; Kidg;ghy;ce;jg;gLfpwhd;. me;j Kidg;igAk;> mJ <Nlwj; jhd;vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Kaw;rpiaAk;> mJ KOtJk; <NlwhjNghJ cz;lhFk; maHtpidAk;> rpwpJ rpwpJ <NlWk; NghJfpl;Lk; kfpo;r;rpiaAk; jdf;Fj; jhNd ntspg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L> kw;wtHfNshLk gfpHe;J nfhs;s mtd; nkhopvd;w fUtpiag; Gjpa tpjj;jpy; Ms Kw;gLk; NghJ ftpijgpwf;fpwJ.

xU nghUs; ,d;d tbtj;jpy; cs;sJ my;yJ ,d;depwj;jpy ; cs;sJ vd;w $w;wpy ; xU kdpjDf;Fk;mg;nghUSf;Fk; Vw;gLk; njhlHG jhNd ntspg;gLfpwJ.mg;gb vd;why; ,f;$w;W ftpij ,y;iyah? ,f;$w;wpy;mjd; Mrphpad; ntspg;gLj;JtJ vd;d? xU nghUs; mtd;tpopj;jpiuapy; tpistpj;j Njhw;wkhw;wq;fis mtd; gFj;Jj;njhFj;Jg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l tpjj;ijad;Nwh ,f;$w;Wntspg ;gLj;JfpwJ! xU nghUspd; Gwj; jd;ikfs;mtDf;Fg; Gyg;gl;l tpjNk ,f;$w;wpy; ntspg;gLfpwJ.mg;Gwj;jd;ikfisf; fle;J Ngha; mg;Gwj;jd;ikfisj;Njhw;wg;gLj;Jk; cs;sjpHTfis> mg;nghUspd; capHepiyNahL jhd; nrd;W njhlHGw;W k Pz;l fdTf;


fzq;fis> ,g;gbg;gl;l $w;W ntspg;gLj;j ,aYkh? ,jpy;rw;NwDk; ntw;wp ngWk; ntspg;ghNl ftpij. ,JtiunghJg;gilahf NkNy nrhd;d> my;yJ nrhy;y Kad;wfUj;Jf;F Vw;g cUg;ngw;W te;J> fhyk; fle;J epw;Fk;ftpijfs; cz;Nlh? epr;rak; cz;L. epiwaNt cz;L.

mNjh Js;sptUk; njd;wy;; mJ NrhiyAs; Eioe;J>mq;Nf Xilapy; cs;s jhkiufisj; Johtp> Ky;iy>ky;ypif Nghd;w G+g ;ge;jy;fspy; jhtpf;Fjpj;J> me;jkyHfspd; eWkzj;jpy; Njha;e;J> mijg;gUfpf; FspHe;J>nry;Ykplk; vy;yhk; fiyfs; gapd;W NjHr;rpngWk; mwpTNtl;if cila khztd; Nghy; cyh tUfpwNj

‘nghq;fhpy; Eioe;J thtpGFe;Jgq; fak;J ohtpg;

igq;fb kapiy ky;iyky;ypifg; ge;jh jhtpf;

nfhq;fyH kzk;$l; Lz;LFspHe;Jnky; nyd;W njd;wy;

mq;fq;Nf fiyfs; NjUk;mwptd;Nghy; ,aq;F kw;Nw”

guQ;Nrhjp mbfshhpd; jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj;jpy; tUk;ftpij ,J. jPz;LzHTf; fsj;jpy; kl;LNk njd;wiyg;Gyd; EfHT nra;JtUk; kdpjHfspilNa njd;wypd;capNuhl;lj;jpw;Fs; CLUtpg;Ngha; te;j mDgtj;ijntspg;gLj;j KidAk; ,e;j ntspg;ghL GJikahdjd;Nwh.,e;jg; GJikia epfo;j;jpf; fhl;LtJ ftpij.

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,sq;Nfh mbfs; ‘njd;wy; EfHr;rp’vd;w gFjpapy; nrhy;Yk; xU ftpij:

‘fOePH Mk;gy; KOnewpf; FtismUk;Gnghjp mtpo;e;j RUk;gpkpH jhkiutaw;G+ thrk; mis, maw;G+NkjF jhio tphpay;ntz; Njhl;Lf;Nfhij khjtp rz;gfg; nghJk;gHj;jhJNjHe; Jz;L khjHthz; Kfj;Jg;GhpFoy; msfj;Jg; GfNyf; fw;Wj;jphpjU RUk;nghL nry;tp ghHj;J


khiyj; jhkj;J kzpepiuj;J tFj;jNfhyr; rhsuf; FWq;fz; Eioe;Jtz;nlhL Gf;f kztha;j; njd;wy;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ (fp-43)

nfhOnfhOntd;wpUf;Fk; FOe;ijfs; thpirahff;Fe;jpapUg;gJ Nghy; nrOikahd nrhw;fs; mzptFj;J te;Jek;ikr; nrhw;Rit ,d;gj;jpy; jpf;FKf;fhlr; nra;Ak;mikg;G> ,f;ftpijapd; rpwg;G. ,sq;Nfhtbfspd; ftpijczHT> jhNd njd;wyhfp kyHj;njhFjpfisAk;taw;gFjpfisAk;> rpw;wpil khjH new;wpapy; miyGuSk;fUq;Fow; RUs;fisAk; mise;J jpUk;Gk; tpag;igNa,f;ftpij ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.

jd;dpypUe;J Ntwha;j; Njhd;Wk; nghUs; vjw;Fs;Sk;>mJ capUs;sjhapDk; rhp capuw;wjhff; fUjg;gLk;nghUshapDk; rhp> jhd; Eioe;J fye;J mJthf xUfzNkDk; mjd; mDgtj;jpy ; my;yJ mjpHTfspy;gq;Nfw;f KbAk; tpag;ig xU ftpQd; czUk; NghJk;>mijj; jd; ftpijapd; %yk; czHj;Jk; NghJk;> jhd; -kw;wit vd;w ghFghl;bd; nka;ikepiy nghUsw;wjhfptpLfpwJ.

‘mq;fpq;nfdhjgb vq;Fk; g;ufhrkha;Mde;j G+Hj;jpahfp”

vd;wthWk;>

‘vq;nfq;F fhzpDk; rf;jpalh”

vd;wthWk;> xUikg;NgUzHT XusT mjpy; tpsf;fk;ngWfpwJ.

‘ehd; vDk; ngha;ia elj;JNthd; ehd;”

vd;w ehlfk; Ghpaj; njhlq;FfpwJ.

,d;Dk; rw;W tphpthfTk;> njspthfTk; ftpijapd;NtHf;fhuzj;ij Muha Kw;gLNthk;. ‘ftpijapd; Nehf;fk;vd;d?” vd;w Nfs;tp mbf;fb Nfl;fg ;gLfpwJ.mf;Nfs;tpf ;Nf ,UnghUs;fs; cz;L: ‘vtw;iwntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhff; ftpijfs; gpwf;fpd;wd?” vd;gJxd;W. ‘jk; ntspg;ghl;lhy; vd;d epfo Ntz;Lk; vd;W

ftpijfs; cjpf;fpd;wd?’ vd;gJ ,d;ndhU nghUs;. Kjw;Nfs;tp ftpijapd; fUitg; gw;wpaJ. mLj;jNjh mjd;


tpisitg; gw;wpaJ.

‘Gwepfo;r;rpfisAk; nra;jpfisAk; ntspg;gLj;j trdk;NghJNk. mf ,af;fq;fshfpa czHr;rp Kjyhdtw;iwntspg;gLj;jNt ftpij Njitg;gLfpwJ” vd;W Kjy;Nehf;fpy ; Njhd;WfpwJ. NkYk; rpe ;jpj ;jhy; > mf,af;fq;fisf; $l ciu eilapy; ehk; ntspg;gLj;jptUk;cz;ik GhpfpwJ.

“New;W kionga;jJ” vd;w Gwr;nra;jpf; $w;Wk;> ‘vd; kdk;,d;gj;jpy; %o;fpAs;sJ” vd;w mftpaf;ff; $w;Wk; Mfpa,uz;LNk ciueilf; $w;Wfs;. vdNt ciueilapYk;mftpaf;fq;fs; ntspg;gLfpd;wd. mJNghy; ftpijfs;Gwepfo;r;rpfisAk; ntspg;gLj;JtJz;L.

‘rpw;wpy; ew;W}z; gw;wp epd;kfd;ahz;Ls Ndhvd tpdTjp vd;kfd;ahz;LsdhapDk; mwpNad;GypAwo;e;J Nghfpa fy;yis Nghyj;Njhd;Wtd; khNjh NghHf;fsj;jhNd”

vd;w GwehD}w;Wg ; ghl;by; xU nra;jp kl;LNknrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. MdhYk; ,J fhyk; fle;J epw;Fk;ftpijahf ,d;Wk; gbg;NghHf;F ,dpik gaf;fpwJ. vdNtfUg;nghUis itj;Jf; ftpijapd; Nehf;fj;ijNahjdpj;jd;ikiaNah mstpl ,ayhJ. tpisit itj;Jmstpl ,aYkh? Kad;W ghHf;fyhk;

xU ntspg;ghl;bd; Nehf;fk; xd;iw mLj;jtHf;Fg; Ghpaitg;gjhf ,Uf;fyhk;; my;yJ mLj;jthplk; xU Gw,af;fj;ij> my;yJ mf ,af;fj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpg;gjhf,Uf;fyhk;.

‘me;j kyhpd; moif ehd; urpj;Njd;”> vd;w $w;wpd;Nehf;fk; xU kyiu ,d;dhH urpj;jhH vd;w nra;jpiag; Ghpaitg;gNj. ‘M`h ,e;j kyH vt;tsT mofhf cs;sJ!“ vd;w$w;wpd; Nehf;fk; xUkyH mofhf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;wnra;jpiag; Ghpa itg;gjpy ;iy. mf;$w;W ahhplk;nrhy;yg;gLfpwNjh> mtUk; me;j kyiug; ghHj;J mjd;moif urpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpioit ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.Kd;dJ tpthpf;fpwJ ; kw;wJ xU khw;wj;ij my;yJ,af;fj;ijf; (mfk;> Gwk;) NfhUfpwJ. tpthpj ;jy;ciueilapd; Nehf;fk;;> NfhUjy; ftpijapd; Nehf;fk;> vdf;nfhs;s KbAkh? ‘M`h ,e;j kyH vt;tsT mofhfcs;sJ!” vd;w Nfhhpf ;iff; $w;W ciuNa md;wpf ;


ftpijahfj; Njhd;wtpy;iyNa.

‘,e;j kyH vt;tsT mofhf cs;sJ” vd;wJk;,f;$w;iwf; Nfl;gtH clNdNa me;j kyiug; ghHj;J> urpj;J.mf;$w;iw ntspg;gLj;jpatHf;F Vw;gl;l mNj mDgtj;ijj;jhKk; ngw KbfpwJ. “New;W ehd; xU kyiug; ghHj;Njd;.mJ vt;tsT mofhf ,Ue;jJ njhpAkh?” vd;w $w;W,g;gbg;gl;l tpisit Vw;gLj;j KbAkh? ,f;$w;iwntspg;gLj;jpatH fz;l kyH mofhf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;vd;w xUtpj Cfj;ij ,f;$w;W toq;ff; $LNk jtpu> mtHurpj;j mDgtj;ij ,g;nghOJ kPz;Lk; XusT $l Vw;gLj;jKbahJ. ,jw;Fj;jhd; ftpijia ehl Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ.

fhyr; nrytpd; fhuzkhfj; jd; mDgtf; fzj;jpy;gq;Nfw;f ,ayhjtHf;F trjpahf> mf;fzj;ij nkhoptbtpy;epiyngwr; nra;J> ,dptUk; fhynky;yhk; ahUk; vspjpy;mk;nkhop tbtj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;J mjpy; epiyngw;wpUf;Fk;fzj;ij mDgtpf;f cjTtJ ftpij. ,ijj;jhNd Xtpak;>jpiug;glf; fhl;rp> rpw;gk; Kjyhdit $l rhjpf;fpd;wd vd;wNfs;tp voyhk; . ,t;tiff; fiyfSs; ftpijapd;jdpj;jd;ik vd;d?

‘,e;j kyH vt;tsT mofhf ,Uf;fpwJ” vd;wtpag ;Gf ;$w;W mk;kyiug; ghHf;f mLj;jtiuj;J}z;lyhk;; mij urpf;fr; nrhy;yp Ntz;lyhk;. Mdhy;mf;$w;iwr; nrtpkLj;J mijg; ghHg;gtH mk;kyiu urpg;ghHvd;Nwh my;yJ Kjypy; tpae;jtH urpj;jijg; NghyNt urpg;ghHvd;Nwh cWjpahff; nfhs;s ,ayhJ; mtH urpg;gJk;urpf;fhjJk; my;yJ NtWgl;l tpjj;jpy; urpg;gJk; mtHkdepiyiag; nghWj;jJ. ,Nj $w;W ftpij tbtk; ngWk;NghJ> jd;id ahH vf;fhyj;jpy; gbj;jhYk;> Cd;wpg; gbj;jhy;gbg;gtH kdf;fz;Kd; kyiuf; fhl;rpahf tphpa itg;gNjhL>me;j kyH mijf; fz;l ftpQdpd; mfj;ij ve;j tpjj;jpy;ghjpj;jNjh> vd;d mDgtj;ij mjpy; Vw;gLj;jpaNjh> mNjghjpg;igAk; mDgtj;ijAk; mff; fhl;rpapd; Cbioahfg;glu itj;Jj; jhd; gpwe ;j fzj;ij> mf;fzj;jpy ;ftpQDf;Fk; fhl;rpf;Fk; Vw;gl;l gpizg;ig kPz;Lk;capHg;gpj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ. Xtpak;> rpw;gk;> ehlfk;> jpiug;glk;Kjyhdit xU fhl;rpia epiyg;gLj;jp mjw;Fepiyj;jd;ik toq;fyhNk jtpu> mf;fhl;rpf;Fk; mijepiyepWj;j Kide;j fiyQDf;Fk; Vw;gl;l fzNeu


gpizg;igAk;> me;jf; fzj;jpd; mDgtr; #oiyAk;epiyg;gLj;Jtjpy; mit ntw;wp ngWtjpy;iy. ,jpy; nghpJk;ntw;wp ngWNthH ftpQHfNs.

fhl;rpfis epiyg;gLj;Jk; jpiug;glf; fiyapy;> NkNynrhy;yg;gl;l mDgtr; #oYk; rpy rkaq;fspy; fhl;rpNahL,ize;jjhfj; Njhw;Wtpf ;fg ;gLfpwJ. mg;gbg ;gl ;ljpiuf;fhl;rpfis Muha;e;jhy;> mDgtr; #oiy Vw;gLj;jXir> ,ir Mfpa rhjdq;fspd; cjtp ehlg;gl;bUg;gJnjspthFk;1. XH mUtpia kl;Lk; fhl;rpg; gLj;jpdhy;mDgtr; #oy; Vw;gLtjpy;iy. $lNt me;j mUtpapd;,iur;ry; xypiaAk;> gwitfs; vOg;Gk; XirfisAk;>vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf> ,f;fhl;rpia epiyg;gLj;j Kide;jfiyQdpd; czHTfisg; gpujpgypf ;Fk; gpd;dzp,iriaAk; NrHj;Jj; jUk;NghJjhd; fhl;rpAk; mDgtr;#oYk; ,ize;j czHr;rpf; fsk; Vw;gLfpwJ. fphpf;nfl;tpisahl;bd; Neub xspgug;ig vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. ge;JtPrg;gLtijAk;> mbf;fg;gLtijAk;> mbf;fg;gl;l ge;Jgpbf;fg;gLtijAk;> Ml;lf;fhuH Ml;lk; ,og;gijAk;fhl;LtNjhL> mij Nehpy; ghHg;gtHfSila Muthuj;ijAk;>tHzidahsH Fuiyj; jpBnud;W caHj;jp> xU gugug;NghLtpf;nfl; ,oe;j tptuj;ijr; nrhy;Yk; XiriaAk; ,izj;Jtoq;Fk; NghJjhd; vq;Nfh elf;Fk; tpisahl;bd; mDgtr;#oypNy> njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; mijg; ghu;g;gtHfs; $l gq;Fngw KbfpwJ. njhiyf;fhl;rpia nksd epiyapy; (mute),aq;fr; nra;Jtpl;L ,Nj fhl;rpiag; ghHg;gtHfs; me;jmDgtr; #oypy; gq;Nfw;f Kbtjpy;iy. vdNt XH mDgtr;#oiy Vw;gLj;j XirAk;> ,irAk;> nkhopAk; nghpJk; Jiznra;fpd;wd. ,Nj fphpf ;nfl; tpisahl;bd; NeHKftHzidia thndhyp %yk; Nfl;Fk; NghJ> ghHitahsHfspd; ,iur;ry; XirAk;> tHzidahshpd; ghtKk;czHr;rpAk; fye;j tHzidAk; Nfl;Nghiu XusT me;jmDgtr; #oYf;F mioj;Jr; nry;tij ehk; mwpNthk;. me;jtpisahl;Lf; fhl;rpia ,e;j XirAk;> nkhoprhHe;jtHzidAk; Nfl;NghH kdf;fz;zpy; Njhw;wKwr; nra;Ak;tpjj;ijAk; ehk; mwpNthk;. vdNt xU fhl;rpiatplj;>Jiz XirfSk;> nkhop rhHe;j tHzidAk; mDgtr; #oy;tpistpg;gjpy; nghpJk; JizGhpfpd;wd.


xU fzNeuf; fhl;rpiaf; fhyk; ntd;W epw ;Fk;fhl;rpahfj; Njhw;wg; gLj;Jk; Xtpak;> rpw;gk;> ehlfk;>jpiug;glk; Nghd;w fiyfistplf; ftpij xU gb NkNynrd;W mf;fhl;rpia xU ftpQd; Gyd;EfHT nra;jmDgtr; #oiyNa> jd;idj; jf;f Kiwapy; gapYk; mfj;jpy;Vw ;gLj;jf; $bajhf mikfpwJ. ehlfj;jpYk; >jpiug;glj;jpYk; Vida xsp-xyp ,iz fiyfspYk;,r;#oy; XusT cz;lhf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;whYk;> NkNyfz;lthW> xypapd; ,izg;ghNyNa ,J ,ad;wjhfpwJ.xypahy; kl;LNk ,ijg; ngUksT epfo;j;jpf; fhl;LtJftpij vdj; Jzpe;J KbT nra;ayhk;. nkhopj; Jiziaj;jtpHj;J ‘NgRk;glk;’ vd;w ngahpy; xU Ngrhj; jpiug;glk;rpy Mz;LfSf;F Kd; jpiuaplg;gl;L> me;j Kaw;rp XusTntw;wpAk; ngw;wJ. Mdhy; mj;jpiug;glj;jpYk; nkhopjtpHj;j,ir> Xir> xyp Vida rhjdq;fs; nghpJk; gad;gl;ld.,e;jr; rhjdq;fs; ,d;wp mg;glj;jpd; fhl;rpfs; jf;fmfepiyfis ntspg ; gLj;jpapUf;f Kbahnjd;NwNjhd;WfpwJ. nkhopahy; ntspg; gLj;j Kbahj El;gq;fisxsp-xyp ,izfiyfspy; ntspg;gLj;jptplyhk; vdr;rpyUf;Fj; Njhd;WtJ $l KOikAk; rhpapy;iy. mtHfs;nkhop vdf; fUJtJ> ,ay;ghfg; Ngr;rpYk;> ciueilapYk;ifahsg;gLk; nkhopiaj;jhd;> Mdhy; k`hftpfspd;ntspg ;ghl;Lf;F nkhopf;FiwghL Vw;gLtJ ,y;iy.,ijj;jhd; ftpr;rf;utHj;jp ‘INah’ vd;w nrhy;iyf;ifahz;L epWtpAs;shH.

njhiyNehf;fpy; xU rpw;wpilahSlDk; XH ,stYlDk;xUtd; NghtJk;> mtd; NkdpapypUe;J vOe;J> glHe;J>tphpAk; N[hjpahy; fjputNd kiwf;fg ;gLtJk;ftpr;rf;utHj;jpapd; mff;fz;zpy; fhl;rp Mfpd;wd. clNdmf;fhl;rpia mz;ik Nehf;fpy; mtH mikj;Jg; ghHf;fTk;>N[hjp gug;Gk; Nkdp vjpHghHj;jJ Nghy; nghd;Nkdpahf,uhky; fhpa jpUNkdpahff; fhl;rpaspf;ff; fz;L mtHjpifj;J> tpae;J mf;fhpa jpUNkdp ikNah> kufjNkhkwpflNyh> kioKfpNyh vd kaq;fp> ,jw;F NkYk; vJTk;tpthpf;f ,ayhj jd; mDgt kiyg;ig ‘INah ,td;tbntd;gNjhH mopah moFilahd;” (M - 78)

vd ntspg;gLj;Jk; tpjk; ftpijapd; ntw;wpf;Ff; fhyk;fle;Jepw;Fk; rhd;whfNt mike;Js;sJ.

,Jtiu nra;j Ma;tpd; KbTjhd; vd;d? ftpijapd;


Nehf;fk; fzq;fis epiyngwr; nra;jy; vd;w njspTfpilj;Js;sJ. ntWk; fhl;rpfis kl;Lk; epiyngwr; nra;Ak;Ez;fiyfspypUe;J ftpij ,ej tpjj;jpy ;jhd;NtWgLfpwJ. mJ fhl;rpfis kl;Lkd;wp> mf;fhl;rpfs;GyDfHT nra;ag;gl;l fzq;fisAk; epiyngwr; nra;fpwJ.,jdhy;> mf;fzq;fspy; nghjpe;J fplf;Fk; mDgtr;#oy;fisAk; mJ ntspg ;gLj;j KbfpwJ. kw;wEz;fiyfspy; NjHr;rp ngw;w rpyH ftpij kdk;nfhz;ltHfshf mikag; ngWk;NghJ> mtHfSilagilg;Gfspy; mq;fq;Nf ,f;ftpijj; jd;ik ntspg;glf;$Lk;. kpfr; rpwe;j XtpaHfSk;> rpw;gf; fiyQHfSk;>jpiug ;gl ty;YeHfSk; ftpij czHNthL gilj;jgilg;Gfs; vy;yhk; ,yf;fpaj; jFjp ngWtJk; ,jdhNyNa.

ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; Nkw;nrhd;dthW> fzq;fisepiyngwr; nra;jy; vdf;nfhz;lhy;> gy nra;As;fs;ftpijfs; my;y vd;gJ njspthFk;.

‘rhjp ,uz;nlhopa Ntwpy;iy rhw;Wq;fhy;ePjp tOth newpKiwapy; - Nkjpdpapy;,l;lhH nghpNahH ,lhjhH ,opFyj;NjhHgl;lhq;fpy; cs;s gb” (xsitahH)

Nghd;w ePjp E}w; nra;As;fs; ftpijfs; my;y. ,g;gbr;nrhy;tjhy; ehk; ,r;nra;As;fisf; Fiwj;J kjpg;gpLtjhfg;nghUs; nfhs;sj; Njitapy;iy. ftpijfspy; fhzg;gLk;ctik Kjyhd Af;jpfs; ,g;gbg;gl;l nra;As;fspy; ifahsg;gl;bUe;jhYk; ,it nra;As;fNs md;wpf; ftpijfs; my;y(v.fh: ‘jfLw ahHkhl;Lk; epy;yhJ nry;tk; rflf;fhy; NghytUk;” - ehybahH) ,tw;iwAk; ftpijfs; vd;Nw miof;Fk;chpik ahUf;Fk; cz;L. Mdhy; ,tw;wpdpd;W Nkw;nrhd;dtpjj;jpy; NtWgl;bUf;Fk; ftpijfisg; gbf;Fk; NghJ me;jNtWghL njspthfg; Ghptij mtHfs; kWf;f KbahJ.#l;Lk; ngaHfs; Fwpj;J thjk; Njitapy;iy; mit Rl;Lk;NtWghLfis tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lhy; NghJk;.

nra;As; eilapy; mike;j ntspg;ghnly;yhk; vg;gbf;ftpijfs; Mtjpy;iyNah> mg;gbNa ftpijfshf miktJvy;yhk; nra;As; eilapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba NjitAk; ,y;iy.Xir mikjp rpwpJk; mw;w XH ciueil ntspg;ghL xUfzj;ij epiyngwr; nra;Akhdhy;> jhd; tpthpf;Fk;fzj;jpd; mDgtf; fsj;Jf;F ek;ik mioj;Jr; nrd;Wmjpy; ek;ikg; gq;Fnfhs;sr; nra;Akhdhy; mJ ftpijNa.


k`hftp ghujpahH vOjpa rpy ftpijfs; trd eilapy;cs;sd:

‘QhapNw> ,Uis vd;d nra;Jtpl;lha;?Xl;bdhah? nfhd;whah? tpOq;fptpl;lhah?fl;b Kj;jkpl;L epd; fjpHfshfpa iffshy;kiwj;Jtpl;lhah? ,Us; epdf;Fg; gifah?,Us; epd; czTg; nghUsh? mJ epd;fhjypah? ,unty;yhk; epd;idf; fhzhjkaf;fj;jhy; ,Uz;bUe;jjh? epd;idf;fz;lTld; epd;ndhsp jhDk; nfhz;Lepd;idf; fye;J tpl;ljh? ePq;fs; ,UtUk;xUjha; tapw;Wf; Foe;ijfsh? Kd;Dk;gpd;Dkhf te;J cyiff; fhf;Fk;gbcq;fs; jha; VtpapUf;fpwhsh? cq;fSf;Fkuzkpy;iyah? ePq;fs; mKjkh?cq;fisg; Gfo;fpd;Nwd;.” (m-511> 512)

‘thdntsp vd;Dk; ngz;iz xspnaDk;Njtd; kze;jpUf;fpd;whd;. mtHfSila$l;lk; ,dpJ. ,jidf; fhw;Wj; Njtd;fz;lhd;. fhw;W typikAilatd;.,td; thdntspiaf; fyf;f tpUk;gpdhd;.xspia tpUk;GtJNghy thdntsp,tid tpUk;gtpy;iy. ,td; jdJngUikia Cjpg; giwabf;fpd;whd;.ntspAk; xspAk; ,uz;Lk; capHfs;fyg;gJNghy; fye;jd. fhw;Wj; Njtd;nghwhik nfhz;lhd;. mtd;mikjpapd;wp coYfpd;whd;.mtd; rPWfpd;whd;> Gilf;fpd;whd;.FKWfpd;whd;. XykpLfpd;whd;> RoYfpd;whd;>Jbf;fpd;whd;; XLfpd;whd;> vOfpd;whd;>

epiyapd;wpf; fyq;Ffpd;whd;> ntspAk;xspAk; Nkhdj;jpNy fye;J eifnra;fpd;wd.fhw;Wj; Njtd; typikAilatd;.


mtd; Gfo; nghpJ. mg;Gfo; ed;W.Mdhy; thdntspAk; xspAk; mtdpYk;rpwe;jd. mit Nkhdj;jpNy fye;Jepj;jk; ,d;GWTd. mit ntw;wpcilad. QhapNw> ePjhd; xspj;nja;tk;. epd;idNa ntspg;ngz;ed;F fhjy; nra;fpwhs;. cq;fs; $l;lk;kpf ,dpJ. ePtpH tho;f.” (m-514> 515)

‘ghk;Gg; gplhud; FoY}Jfpd;whd;.‘,dpa ,ir NrhfKilaJ’ vd;gJNfl;Ls;Nshk;. Mdhy;> ,g;gplhud;xypf;Fk; ,ir kpfTk; ,dpajhapDk;Nrhfu]k; jtpHe;jJ. ,çNjhHgz;bjd; jHf;fpg;gJNghy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.xU ehtyd; nghUs; epiwe;jrpwpa rpwpa thf;fpaq;fis mLf;fpf;nfhz;L NghtJ NghypUf;fpwJ.,e;jg; gplhud; vd;d thjhLfpwhd;?

‘jhdje;jj; jhdje;jj; jh-jdj;jhdje;jd jhdje;jd jhje;jdj;jd je;jdj;jd jh.’

mt;tpjkhfg; gy tiffspy; khw;wpr;RUs;RUshf thrpj;Jf; nfhz;LNghfpwhd;. ,jw;Fg; nghUnsd;d?xU Foe;ij ,jw;Fg; gpd;tUkhWnghUs; nrhy;yyhapw;W!-‘fhspf;Fg; G+r;#l;bNdd;. mijf;fOijnahd;W jpd;d te;jNj. guhrf;jpapd;nghUl;L ,t;Tly; fl;bNdd;. mijg;ghtj;jhy; te;j Neha; jpd;d te;jJ.guhrf;jpiar; ruzile;Njd;. Neha;kiwe;Jtpl;lJ. guhrf;jp xspNawpvd; mfj;jpNy tpsq;fyhapds;.mts; tho;f.” (m - 523> 524)

,e;jf; ftpijfspy; ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;sr; nra;jp vJTk;nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sjh? ,y;iy. ehk; md;whlk; ghHf;Fk; thdk;>


fjputd;> fhw;W; ehk; md;whlk; Nfl;Fk; ghk;Gg; gplhudpd;kFb ,ir; ehkwpe;j nghUs;fNs ,f; ftpijfspy; tputptUfpd;wd. Mdhy; thDk;> xspAk; > fhw;Wk; fye;JftpQdpd; mfj;Nj tpistpj;j mDgtf; fhl;rpfis ehKk;mg;gbNa fz;L mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fKk;> kFbXirapy; RUz;L RUz;L tUk; ehjg;ngUf;ifAk; mjd;jhs yaj;ijAk;> mjdhy; Vw;gLk; xUtpj nja;tpfmDgtj;ijAk; ehKk; mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fKNk,f;ftpijfis ntspg;gLj;jpd vdj; njspthfpwJ. ehk;,tw;iwg; gbf;Fk; NjhWk; mNj mDgtr; #oYf;Fr; nrd;WkPs;fpNwhk;.

vdNt mDgtf; fzq;fis epiyngwr; nra;tNjftpijapd; Nehf;fk; . md;whl tho;tpy ; fzq;fs;ePHf;Fkpopfs; Nghy; Njhd;wp kiwe;j tz;zk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.epfo;fzk; vd;w xd;W jplkhfj; njd;gLtNj ,y;iy.‘,e;jf; fzk;’ vdr; Rl;Lk; NghNj me;jf; fzk; fle;jfhyj;ijr; NrHe;jjha;> epfo;ntd;Dk; capuw;wjha;> epidTg;gjptha;> ,we;Jtpl;l fzkha; kl;LNk czug;gLfpwJ.Mdhy; ftpijapy; rpiwg;gLk; fzq;fs; kl;Lk; capUilafzq;fsha;> vd;W gbj;jhYk; jk; mDgtr; #oiy mg;gbNaepfo;j;jpf; fhl;Ltdtha; epiyngw;W tpLfpd;wd. vdNtftpijapd; Nehf;fk; mDgtf; fzq;fis epiyngwr;nra;tJ kl;Lkpy;iy ; mf;fzq;fis epfo; mDgtg;nghwpfsha;> capHg;NghL epiyngwr; nra;tNj ftpijapd;Nehf;fk;. mjdhy; fhyk; ntd;W epw ;gNj ftpijf;F,yf;fzkhfpwJ.

Fwpg;Gfs;

1. Kjy; NgRk; glj;ijj; jahhpj;j D. W. Griffithvd;gtH 21.2.1929 Njjpapl;l Chicago Daily Newsvd;w ,jopy; f Po ;tUkhW vOjpajhff;fhzg;gLfpwJ. (Nfh - 44):

“The synchronized talking picture combines all therhythm, flow and action of the silent movie with the talk ofthe stage and has the added advantage of close-up andperfectly attuned music. For that reason I am sure that thelegitimate stage and the silent picture will be things of thepast within five years.”


ftpijr; Ritftpijr; Ritftpijr; Ritftpijr; Ritftpijr; Rit

ffffftpij uridf;FhpaJ. ‘urk;’ vd;w rk];f;Ujr; nrhy;Ny‘urid” vd;w nrhy;ypd; mbg;gil. uridiag; gw;wpa Ma;TMq;fpyj;jpy; v];njbf;]; (aesthetics) vd toq;fg;gLfpwJ.jkpopy; ,ij ‘mofpay;’ vd;W rpyUk;> ‘,d;gpay;’ vd;WrpyUk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH1. ngahpy; thjk; Njitapy;iyjhd;.Mdhy; ngahpLtjpy; Vw;gLk; ftdf; FiwT rpy Neuk;nghUisNa jphpj;Jtplf; $Lk;.

ghHitf;Fg; Gyg;gLk; nghUs;fSf;F kl;Lkd;wp vy;yhtpjkhd Gyd; EfH nghUs;fSf;Fk;> Gyd; EfHtd;wpmfEfH czHTfSf;Fk; nghUj;jpg; ghHf;ff; $ba tpjj;jpy;‘moF’ vd;w nrhy;iyg; nghUs; nra;J nfhz;lhy;>‘mofpay;’ vd;w ngaiuNa ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.,f;$w;wpd;gb ‘moF’ vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ‘urpf;fj;jf;fJ’ my;yJ ‘uridf;FhpaJ’ vd;whFk;. tbt moF>,iraoF> eWkz moF> RitaoF> nkd;ikaoF>epidg;goF> gz;goF vd;nwy;yhk; ‘moF’ vd;w nrhy;iytphpT nra;J gFj;Jzu Ntz;Lk;.

kdpj mDgtq;fis et u]q;fshfg; gFj;J> mtw;iwczHe;J mDgtpg;gij ‘u]id’ vd;W nrhy;tjd; tphpTk;MoKk; mijNa ‘moF’ vdf; Fwpf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLtjhfj;Njhd;wtpy;iy. ,Nj fhuzj;Jf;fhf> ‘,d;gpay;’ vd;wnrhy;Yk; FiwghLilajhfpwJ. kdpj mDgtq;fspy;‘,d;gk;’ xU $W. ,d;gj;ijg; NghyNt Jd;gk;> rpdk;> tpag;G>Vf;fk;> eifr;Rit Nghd;w gytpj mDgtq;fis ehk;urpf;Fk; tphpT ‘,d;gpay;’ vd;w nrhy;Yf;F ,y;iy. vy;yhmDgt epiyfspYk; uridf;Fhpaij ‘moF’ vd;Wk;urpj;jiy ‘,d;gk;’ vd;Wk; nfhz;lhy; ‘mofpay;’ my;yJ‘,d;gpay;’ vd;W urid ,aiy Vw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

urid ,ay; gw;wpa gioa E}y;fs; jkpopy; ,y;iy. my;yJekf;Ff; fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,J xU FiwghNl. jHk> mHj;j>fhk> Nkhl;rk; vd;W rk];f;Ujj;jpYk; mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;>tPL vd;W jkpopYk; ehd;F gphpTfs; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpy;fhkk; my;yJ ,d;gk; ngUk;ghYk; ,dg;GzHr;rpapy; fpl;Lk;clypd;gk; Mf kl;LNk Ngrg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,JTk; xU FiwghlhfNt Njhd;WfpwJ. kdpjDila nghJtho;T vg;gbmwk;> nghUs; vdj; njhFf;fg; gl;Ls;sNjh> mt;thNw


mtd; jdptho;T ‘,d;gk;’ vd;W ngahplg;gl;bUe;jhYk;>KOikahfj; njhFf;fg;gl;L tpthpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.mtDila kw;w czHTfSk;> Vf;fq;fSk;> tpag;GfSk;>Jd;gq;fSk; mtd; jdptho;tpd; ngUk;gFjpiamikf;fpd;wd. ,Ue;Jk;> fhkk;> ,d;gk; vdg; ngahplg;gl;ljhNyNa me;jg; ngUk;gFjp gioa E}y;fspy; Ma;Tnra;ag; gltpy;iy.

‘mofpay;’> ‘,d;gpay;’ Mfpa nrhw;nwhlHfisj; jtpHj;Jr;

‘Ritapay;’ vd;Nw urid,aiyj; jkpopy; Fwpg;gplyhk; vdj;

Njhd;WfpwJ. ‘Rit’ vd;w jkpo;r;nrhy; tphpe;j nghUspy;gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

‘gf;jpr; Rit edpnrhl;lr; nrhl;l”

Nrf;fpohH ngUkhd; nghpaGuhzk; ,irj;j Fwpg;Gk;;

‘nrtpapw; RitAzuh thAzHtpd; khf;fs;mtpapDk; thopDk; vd;”

vd;w FwSk;;;

‘eiwgOj;j Jiwj;jPe; jkpopd;xOFeWQ; RitNa”

vd;W FkuFUguH kPdhl;rp md;idia mioj;j tpspAk;;

‘kpd;dw; Ritjhd; nkypjha; kpf ,dpjha;te;J guTjy; Nghy;”

vd;w ghujpapd; tpag;Gk;;

‘,r;Rit jtpu ahd;Ngha;,e;jpu Nyhfk; MSk;mr;Rit ngwpDk; Ntz;Nld;”

vd;W ,iwtid gythwhf tpspj;J kfpOk; Mo;thhpd;cWjpnkhopAk;; ek; md;whl ciu tof;fpy; ‘eifr;Rit’>‘mtyr;Rit’ > vd;nwy;yhk; tputp tUk; Fwpg ;Gk ; ;,itnay;yhk; ‘Rit’ vd;w jkpo;r; nrhy;ypd; tphpitAk;nghJikiaAk; ed;F czHj;Jfpd;wd. Ik;Gyd;fSf;Fk;nghJtha;> mJtd;wp mf ,af;fq;fis EfUk; El;gj;ijAk;Fwpg;gJtha; tpsq;Fk; ‘Rit” vd;w nrhy;Ny urid vd;wnrhy;Yf;F <lhd jkpo ;r ; nrhy; vdj; Jzpayhk; .Ik;Gyd;fSf;Fk; nghJthf> mtw;iwf; fle;j ,d;g epiyahf


tpsq;Fk; Nghpd;g mDgtj;ij jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH xUghlypy; moNfhtpakha;j; jPl;bAs;shH:

‘NfhilapNy ,isg;ghw;wpf;nfhs;Sk; tiffpilj;j

FspHjUNt jUepoNyepoy;fdpe;j fdpNa

XilapNy CWfpd;wjPQ;Ritj;jz;zPNu

cfe;jjz;zPH ,ilkyHe;jRfe;jkz kyNu

NkilapNy tPRfpd;wnky;ypaG+q; fhw;Nw

nkd;fhw;wpy; tpisRfNkRfj;jpYWk; gaNd

MilapNy vid kze;jkzthsh nghJtpy;

MLfpd;w muNr vd;myq;fyzpe; jUNs”

jUtha;> mofpa kyuha;g; ghHitg; GyDf;Ff; FspHr;rpje ;J> mj;jUtpd; epoyha; > mjdirtpy; fhw;wha;jPz;LzHTf;F mikjp je;J> kyhpd; eWkzkha; capHg;gpy;epiwe;J> ryryj;NjhLk; Xilapd; ,iraha;r; nrtpf;fpd;gk;je ;J> jz;zPhpd; j PQ;Ritaha; ehTf;fpdpik je;J>Ik;Gyd;fshYk; Efug;gLk; mDgt Rfk; midj;jpYk;tpisAk; gadhfTk;> mf ,af;fq;fs; midj;ijAk; MSk;kzthsdhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; <rdpd; nghJikiaf; Fwpf;fNt‘nghJtpy; MLfpd;w muNr’ vd ts;syhH tpspj;jhNuhvd tpaf;f itf;fpwJ ,f;ftpij.

Mq;fpyk; > çg ;nuQ;r ; > n[Hkd; Mfpa nkhopfspy;Ritapay; Ma;T E}y;fs; gy ntspte;Js;sd.2

rk];f ;Ujj;jpy ; ‘u]k;’ gw ;wpa Ma;T gyE}y;fspy;fhzg;gLfpwJ. jkpopy; ,t;tif Ma;T E}y;fs; ,y;iyvd;Nw Njhd;WfpwJ. Mdhy; ,t;tif Ma;Tf;Fj;Njitahd fUg;nghUSk; Fwpg;GfSk; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy;epiwaNt cs;sd.

vJ urpf;fj; jf;fJ my;yJ Ritf;fj; jf;fJ? ‘Ritapd;’,d;wpaikahj gz;Gfis vg;gb tiuaWj;jr; nrhy;tJ?


xUtUf;Fr; Ritf;fj; jf;fjha; cs;sJ NtnwhUtUf;Fr;Ritf;fj; jf;fjha;j; Njhd;whky; Nghfyhk;. kdpjHf;FkdpjH> ,lj;jpw;fplk;> fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; khWglf; $bajd;ikfis itj;J vg;gb cWjpahd $w;Wfs; gpd;dp XH,ay; nra;tJ?

Ritahdit vit? Ritaw;wit vit? ,e;jf;Nfs;tpfSf;F tpil fhz;gJ Ritapaypd; Nehf;fk; ,y;iy.mg;gb xU Nehf;fj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhy; me;j Kaw;rpntw;wpngwhJ. Ritapaypd; Nehf;fk;jhd; vd;d?

vij Ntz;LkhdhYk; xUtH Ritf;fyhk; (urpf;fyhk;).jhd; Ritj;jij kw;wtNuhL> mJTk; ,l> fhyNtw;Wikfisf; fle;J> gfpHe;J nfhs;s xUtH KidAk;NghJjhd; fiyfs; mtUf;Ff; ifnfhLf;fpd;wd. jhd;Ritj;j fhl;rpia mg;gbNa XH Xtpakhf mtH jPl;bitf;fyhk; ; ; . rpiyahf tbj;J itf;fyhk;. mtH fz;lfhl;rpiaj; jhKk; fz;bUe;jhy; ahHahH mijr;Ritj;jpUf;ff; $LNkh> mg;gbg;gl;l kdepiy cilNahHmidtUk; ve;j ,lj;jpYk;> ve;jf; fhyj;jpYk; me;jXtpaj;ij my;yJ rpw;gj;ijf; fz;L Ritf;f KbfpwJ. mNjfhl;rp ahUf;Fr; Rit mspg;gjpy;iyNah mtHfSf;F me;jf;fhl;rpapd; Xtpak; my;yJ rpw;gk; $l vd;WNk RitjUtjpy;iy. vdNt ,g;gbg;gl;l fiyQHfs; ngUk;ghyhdkf;fs; Ritf;ff; $ba fhl;rpfisNa fiyg; nghUs;fshfkhw;WfpwhHfs;. NkYk; fl;Gyr; Rit vd;w xU $W kl;LNk,f;fiyfspy; nghpJk; ntspg;gLfpwJ.

jhd; Ritj;j nghUisf; fiytbtpy; toq;fpdhy; jd;RitAzHNthL xj;j RitAzHT cs;stHfs; kl;LNkmf;fiytbitr; Ritf;f ,aYk; vd;w Fiwghl;bdhy;>kdpjd; jhd; Ritj;j nghUis mg;gbNa ntspg;gLj;jhky;>mg;nghUisj; jhd; Ritj;j tpjj;ij> jhd; mijr; Ritj;jNghJ jd;Ds; Njhd;wpa czHtiyfis ntspg;gLj;jKide;jhd;. ,irf;fiy gpwe;jJ3. jdf;Fr; RitAs;sjhfj;Njhd;wpa XH mDgtj;jhy; jd;Ds; vOe;j czHtiyfismtd; Xir tbtpy; ntspg ;gLj;j> me;j ,iriaf;Nfl;NghHf;Fk; mNj tpj czHtiyfs; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;vd;w Kaw;rp ,irf;fiyahf tsHe;jJ. nkhopj;Jizaw;w,iriaf; Nfl;Fk; nghOJ ,dk; Ghpahj czHtiyfs;Nfl;NghH kdj;jpy; Vw;gl;lhYk;> GyDfHTf; fsj;jpy; gapd;Nw


gof;fg;gl;l kdpjHfSf;F ‘,dk;Ghpahj czHtiyfs;’XusTf;F Nky; epiwT jutpy;iy. ,ir> nkhopj;JizNjbaJ. ,irf;fhfNt ghly;fs; nra;ag;gl;ld. ,e;jg;ghly;fs; ntWk; fUj;JfisAk; nra;jpfisAk;nrhy;tdthf ,Ue;j NghJ czHtiyfSf;Fg;gpd;dzpahf ,Ue;j fhl;rp my;yJ Gyg;ghL epoy; Nghy;njsptpd;wpg; Gyg;gl;lNj jtpuj; njspTk; epiwTk; jutpy;iy.

‘rptd; tbtk;fz;L rpe;ij FspHe;Njd;mtd; tbthy;ehd; mfkfpo;e;Njd;”

vd;W ,irNahL ghbdhy;> rptd; tbtk; fz;L mfkfpoe;jNghJ ghlfH kdj;jpy; Vw;gl;l czHtiyfs; Nfl;NghHkdj;jpYk; Vw;glyhNk jtpu> Nkw;nrhd;d ghly; thpfshy;mt;TzHtiyfspd; gpd;dzpf; fhl;rpiar; rpwpjsTk;Nfl;NghH mfj;jpy; Njhw;wg;gLj;j Kbtjpy;iy. ,f;Fiwiaepiw nra;a ,g;ghlYf;Nfw;w mgpeaq;fNshL xUtHMbf;fhl;l Ntz;ba mtrpak; eldf; fiyahf tsHe;JXusT epiwT nra;jJ vdyhk;.

“Fdpj;j GUtKk; nfht;itr; nrt;thapw;Fkpz;rphpg;Gk;gdpj;j rilAk; gtsk;Nghy; Nkdpapw;ghy;ntz;zPWk;,dpj;jKila vLj;jnghw; ghjKk;fhzg;ngw;why;kdpj;jg; gpwtpAk; Ntz;LtNjapk;khepyj;Nj” (mg;gH Njthuk; - 5 Mk; jpUKiw)

,e;j thpfisg; ghLk; NghJ ,ijg;ghbatH fz;l fhl;rpNfl;NghH kdf;fz;Kd; mg;gbNa Njhd;wpr; rpwf;fpwJ;mj;Njhw;wk; jf;f czHtiyfisAk; Nfl;NghH neQ;rpy;Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,irapd;wp ,t;thpfisj; jf;f Kiwapy;gbj;jhNy NghJk;. me;j mDgtk; mg;gbNa cz;lhfpwJ.Mdhy; Kd;dhy; nrhd;d ,Uthpfs; (‘rptd; tbtk; . . . . .mfkfpo;e;Njd;”) ,irapd;wpg; gbf;fg;gl;lhy; xU rpwpJk; ve;jmDgtj;ijAk; jUtjpy;iy. mjdhy;jhNdh vd;dNth>‘,Of;Fila ghlYf;F ,ir ed;W” vdr; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ.

ftpijfspYk; Fiwghby;yhky; ,y;iy. nkhopawpT


cs;stHfNs ftpijfisr; Ritf;f KbAk;. ,irf;F ,e;jf;FiwghL ,y;iy. vdNt ve;jf; fiyAk; xd;wpy; xd;WcaHe;jnjd;Nwh> jho;e;jnjd;Nwh nrhy;tjw;fpy;iy. Mdhy;fiyfspd; Nehf;fk;> “ahk;ngw;w NgW ngWf ,t;itafk;”vd;gjw;Nfw;g xUtH Ritj;jij ,lk;> fhyk; Mfpatw;why;NtWgl;l gyNuhL mtH gfpHe;Jnfhs;s cjtp nra;tNj.Ritapaypd; Nehf;fk;> ,g;gfpHTf;F cjTk; rhjdq;fisAk;>Af;jpfisAk; gFj;J> Muha;e;J> mr;rhjdq;fSf;Fk;Af;jpfSf;Fk; Vw;gr; RitfisAk;> fiyfisAk; gFj;Jtiuaiw nra;J fhl;LtNj4. ,d;dit nra;a Ntz;Lk;vd;W gy fl;lisf; $w;Wfshy; Md mwtpay; Nghyd;wp>,d;dit ,j;jd;ikad vd tpsf;Fk; Ma;Tf; $w;Wfshy;MdNj Ritapay;.

,Jtiu nrhd;dit RitapaYf;F xU Kd;DiuNa.Ritapaypd; $Wfisg; gphpj;J tpsf;FtJ ,f;fl;Liuapd;Nehf;fk; ,y;iy. mjw;F xU jdp E}y; Njitg;gLk;. ,Jtiunrhd;dtw;wpypUe;J Ritapaypd; Nehf;fk; gw;wp XusTnjspT fpilj;jJ. me;j Nehf;fj;ijf; ftpijfs; epiwTnra;tJ vg;gb vd;gij ,dp Muhayhk;.

jpiug;glq;fspy; fhl;rpfisf; Fiwghbd;wp mg;gbNafhl;LtJ Nghy; ftpijfs; fhl;rp Xtpaq;fs; jPl ;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,f;fhl;rp Xtpaq;fs;> ePsk;> mfyk; Mfpa<usitj; jpiufspy; tiuag;gl;l Xtpaq;fs; Nghyd;wp ePsk;>mfyk;> Mok; Mfpa %tsit cila jpiug ;glf;fhl;rpfisg; Nghd;wit. fk;gH ftpij xd;W:

‘jz;liy kapy;fshlj; jhkiu tpsf;fk; jhq;ff;nfhz;ly;fs; Kotpd; Vq;ff; Ftisfs; tpopj;J Nehf;fj;njz;biu vopdp fl;lj; Njk;gpop kfuahopd;tz;Lfs; ,dpJ ghl kUjk;tPw;wpUf;Fk; khNjh” (M-3)

kapy;fs; muq;fNkilapy; MLfpd;wd. ‘jz;liykapy;fs;’ (jz;; + jiy = FspHr;rp nghUe;jpa jiy) vd;wnrhw;nwhlH ek; neQ;ir <Hj;J> kapy;fsUNf mioj;Jr;nrd;W> mtw;wpd; jiyfisf; Nfhj itj;J mj;jiyfspd;FspHr;rpia czur; nra;fpwJ. ftpij ek;ik kPz;Lk; muq;fNkilf;F ntspNa mioj;J te;J> Nkilfspd; Kfg;gpy;Fwptpsf;Ffs; (spot lights) Nghy; jhkiufs;itf;fg ;gl ;bUf;Fk; vopiy ‘tpsf;fk; jhq;f’ vd;w


nrhw;nwhluhy; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. Nkfq;fs; Konthypnra;fpd;wd vd;gijf; “nfhz;ly;fs; Kotpd; Vq;f” vd;W

nrhy;fpwJ ftpij. ‘xypf;f’> ‘,irf;f’ ‘mjpu’ Nghd;wnrhw;fisj; jtpHj;J ‘Vq;f” vd;w rhpahd nrhy;yhy;KonthypiaNa Nfl;fr; nra;fpwJ ,f;ftpij. ‘Nehf;f’ vd;wnghUs;nghjpe;j nrhy;yhy; eldj;ijf; fz;L> tpsq;fpf;nfhz;L Ftis kyHfs; Ritf;Fk; eaKk;> ‘fhl;l’ vd;wnrhy;yhy; vOk;gp vOk;gpj; jpiuapl;L kiwj;Jk;> gpd; jpiutpyf;fpj; Jyf;fpAk; miyfs; eldj;ijf; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk;nray;jpwDk; njspthfpd;wd. mNj Nghy; tz;Lfs;h Pq ;fhukpl vd;W nrhy;yhky; ‘ghl’ vd;wjd; %yk;>eldj;Jf;Nfw;w nghUSs;s ghliy xU ghlfH ghLtijg;Nghd;w epfo;r;rpia ,f;ftpij Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,g;gbg;gl;lMlyuq;Fjhd; vJ? ‘kUjk;’ vd;w murp nfhY tPw;wpUf;Fk;

muritNa vd;w czHit ‘tPw;wpUf;Fk;’ vd;w nrhy;yhy;,f;ftpij mspf;fpwJ.

fl;Gyd; EfH fhl;rpfsd;wp kw;w Gyd;fshy; EfUk;mDgtq;fisAk; ,t;tz;zNk ftpijfs; Vw;gLj;jf;$bait.

‘cotH Xij kjNfhijcilePH Xij jz;gjk;nfhs;

tpotH Xij rpwe;jhHg;gele;jha; thop fhNthp”

vd;w rpyk;G thpfspy; vj;jid tpjkhd Xirfs; ekf;FNeubahf mDgtkhfpd;wd.

Gyd;fshy; Efu ,ayhj mf ,af;fq;fisAk;>nefpo;r;rpfisAk; $lf; ftpijfspy; ntspg;gLj;j KbfpwJ.

gphpe;J nrd;w jiytd; ,d;Dk; thuhikahy; Vq;Fk;jiytp Njhopaplk; Gyk;Gfpwhs;:

CNuhir mlq;fp tpl;lJ. vd;idf; nfhy;Yk;es;spuT neUq;f neUq;f vd;Ds; nghq;Fk; fhkk;fliyf; fhl;bYk; ngUfpf; fiukPwp XLk;. ehd; ,g;gbmy;yw;gLk; NghJ vd; ed;ndQ;R ,Uf;fpwNj> mJvd;d nra;fpwJ njhpAkh? vdf;Fk; cdf;Fk;


mlq;fhJ> Ntnwq;Nfh nry;fpwJ. fhl;bd; ,Uz;ltpopapy ; XLk; rpwpa Ridapy; G+j ;j FtiskyHfis tz;L nkha;f;Fk;gb mzpe;J> ahidKJfpy; cs;s fapw;Wj; jOk;G Nghy; ghiwfspilNaVw;gl;l rpwpa ghijapy;> kionga;J Xa;e;jgpwF ePHtbe;J nry;y mhpjhapUf;Fk; FWfpa ghijapy;>,Ul;by; ele;JtUk; vd; jiytd; mbvLj;Jitf;Fk; ,lk; NjhWk; nrd;W me;jj; jsubjhq;Ftjw;fhff; fplf;fpwJ. ,jpy; mJ (vd; neQ;R)vd;d gad; fz;lJ> nrhy; Njhop!

vt;tsT vspjhf XH mfepiyia mg;gbNa glk; gpbj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ fgpyhpd; ,f;ftpij.

‘kd;Wgh ltpe;J kidkbe; jd;Nwnfhd;NwhH md;d nfhLikNahL ,d;Nwahkk; nfhsthpd; fid,f fhkk;flypDk; ciuapf; fiuGxop Ak;Nkvtd;nfhy; thop Njhop kaq;fp,d;dk; MfTk;> ed;dhH neQ;rk;vd;ndhLk; epd;NdhLk; #ohJ ifk;kpf;F,Wk;Ggl; bUspa ,Ul;lUk; rpyk;gpy;FWQ;Ridf; Ftis tz;Lglr; #bf;fhd ehld; t&ck; ahidf;fapw;Wg; Gwj; jd;d fy;kpirr; rpWnewpkhhp thdk; jiy, ePHthHG,l;lUk; fz;z gLFop ,atpd;,Uspil kpjpg;Gop Nehf;fp mtHjsH mb jhq;fpa nrd;wJ ,d;Nw.” (nfs - 27)

fhkk; thl;b vLf;Fk; cliyg; Gwf;fzpj;J mfkhdJfhjy; kpFjpahy; jiytd; ele;JtUk; nfhba ghijapy;mtd; jsub jhq;fr; nrd;w eaj;ij Xtpakhfj; jPl;bf;fhl;Lk; ,g;gbg;gl;l ghly;fspd; njhif mfehD}W vd;wngaHngw;wJ nghUj;jNk. XH ,Uz;l fhl;L topapy; rpWrpWgs;sq;fs; NjhWk;> gythfg; gphpe;J> fhjyd; jsub jhq;fj;.Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU fhjy; kpFe;j ,jaj;jpd;Jbg;Nghiria ,f;ftpijapy; Nfl;f KbfpwJ; mj;Jld; ek;

,jaKk; xd;wpj; Jbf;Fk; mDgtj;ijg; ngw KbfpwJ.;


ahid KJfpy; cs;s fapw;Wj; jOk;G Nghy; rpWj;j fhl;Ltopmff;fz;zpy; fhl;rpahf tphpfpwJ.

,ir> mf,af;fq;fis mDgtkhf;f KbAk;;; Mdhy;mt;tpaf;fq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;j KbahJ. Xtpak;> Gwf;fhl;rpfisg; Gyg;GLj;jp XusT mfnefpo;r;rpiaj; J}z;lKbAk;;; Mdhy; mf nefpo;r;rpfis epfo;r;rpfs; Nghy; fhl;rpg;gLj;j KbahJ. ftpij kl;LNk mfnefpo ;r ;rpfismDgtkhf;fpAk; fhl;rpfshf;fpAk; Rit jUfpwJ. RitgfpHTf;F cjTk; fiyfspy; ftpij jdpaplk; ngw;wpUf;ff;fhuzk; ,Jjhd;.

t Puk ; Nghd;w mfk; EfH Ritfis KOJk;ntspg;gLj;Jtd ftpijfNs.

‘ehkhHf;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk; ekid mQ;Nrhk;eufj;jpy; ,lHg;gNlhk; eliyapy;Nyhk;Vkhg;Nghk; gpzp mwpNahk; . . . . . “

vd;w mg;gH ngUkhd; thpfspy; gspr;rpLk; tPuKk; NeHikAk;xU NghHf;fs tPudpd; ths; tPuj;ijf; fhl;bYk; rpwe;jd.me;j tPuj;jpd; cr;rfl;lk;jhd; nfhjpf;Fk; Rzzhk;Gf;fhsthapy; epd;W “khrpy; tPizAk; khiy kjpaKk; tPRnjd;wYk;” vdg; ghb nefpo;e;jJ.

‘fhiyapy; fztidj; jOtp topaDg;gp itj;jhs;.khiyapy; mtd; ,we;Jfplf;Fk; fhl;rpiaf; fz;Lfyq;Ffpwhs;. vd;d Jau’ - ,g;gbr; nrhy;tjhy;mf;fhhpifapd; Jau mjpHTfisf; Nfl;NghH kdj;jpy; vOg;gKbAkh? ,t;thpfisg; gbg;NghH mtyr;Ritapd; mDgtr;#oYf;Fs; nry;y KbfpwNjh? ,ijNa ,sq;Nfhtbfspd;ftpij thpfs; vg;gbr; nrhy;fpd;wd!

‘tz;lhH ,Uk;FQ;rp khiyjd; thHFoy;Nky;nfhz;lhs; joP ,f; nfhOed;ghy; fhiytha;g;Gz;jho; FUjp Gwk;Nrhu khiytha;f;fz;lhs; mts; jd;idf; fhzhmf; fLe;Jauk;” (fp-467)

Jaukpf;f khiy Ntisapy;> md;W fhiyapy; fztd;iffshy; #l;bf; nfhz;l khiyia epidT+l;b> mJTk;fztidj; jOtp khiy #bf; nfhz;lij epidT+l;b>


mj;jOtypd; ePq;fh epidit typAWj;Jk; tz;zk; mijePl;bf;Fk; msgilNahL ‘joP ,’ vdf; Fwpj;J> mk;khiyAk;tz;Lfs; nkha;f ;Fk; FQ;rj;Jld; ,Ue;j ,d;gf;Fwpg ;igAk; epidT+l;b> ,g;nghOJ Gz;jho; FUjpGwk;Nrhuf; fztd; ,we;J fplf;Fk; fhl;rpapd; mtyr;Ritiag; gbg;NghH mfj;jpy; xU ehlff; fhl;rpaha; tphpar;nra;J me;j mtyr; Ritia Nkk;gLj;jpf; fhl;LfpwJ,f;ftpij.

‘,g;ghl;by; ,Uehs; epfo;r;rp xUehs; epfo;r;rpahff;fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. xNu ehspy; fhiyg;nghOjpy; capNuhLfztidj; jOtpa fz;zfp md;Nw khiyg;nghOjpy;FUjpNahL mtidj; jOtpdhs; vd;w fUj;Njhl;lk;fw;whH neQ;ir mtyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. xU ehl;fhyg; gypehlfj;Jf;Ff; ftHr;rp mspf;fpd;wJ.”

vd;w eak; Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. mtyj;ijf; $lj; Ritf;fitg;gJ ftpij. çgpypk; vdg;gLk; xspg;gjpNthiyr; RUs;,d;wp> xspg;gjpTf; fUtpapd;wp> ebj;Jf; fhl;l ebf> ebifaH,d;wp midj;JNk jhdha; ntspg;gl;L xU jpiug;glmDgtj;ijg; gpd;dzp ,irNahL;k ; NgRnkhopj ;njhlNuhLk; gbg;NghH mfj;jpy; tphpar; nra;tJ ftpij.xspg ;gjpTf; fUtpf;Fg; Gyg;glhj> Vd;> md;whlg;Gyg;ghl;Lf;F cl;glhj gy El;gq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jpmy;yJ NtWtifapy; Gyg;gLj;jpg; gbg;NghHf;F kiyg;igVw;gLj;JtJ ftpij.

‘jq;fk; cUf;fpj; joy; Fiwj;Jj; Njdhf;fpvq;Fk; gug;gpaNjhH ,q;fpjNkh. . . .” (m-292)

vdf; fhiyf; fjpuofpd; fw;gidia ghujp ghLfpwhd;.jq;fj;ij cUf;f mjpf mstpy; #L Njit. mJ cUfpagpd; me;jr; #l;ilj; jzpj;J mijj; Njd; Mf;fptpopNehf;F tpjkhf vq;Fk; gug;gpaJ Nghy; ,Ue;j fhiyntapypd; vopiy ‘,q;fpjk;’ vd;fpwhd; ghujp ‘,q;fpjk;’vd;gJ fLikiaf; Fiwj;jNy. xUtiuf; fbe;J nfhs;Sk;NghJ nrhw;fspd; fLikiaf; Fiwj;J ntspapLtJ,q;fpjk.; vdNt tpopNehf;Fg; ghq;Ff;Nfw;gj; joy;FiwTnra;j fhiy ‘,q;fpjk;’ vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;lJ eaNk. ,e;jthpfis mLj;J tUk; thpfs;:

‘Gy;iy eifAWj;jpg; G+it tpag;ghf;fp


kz;izj; njspthf;fp ePhpy; kyHr;rpje;Jtpz;iz ntspahf;fp tpe;ijnrAk; Nrhjpapidf;fhiyg; nghOjpdpNy fz;tpopj;J ehd;njhONjd;.”

(m-292)

Gy; Edpapy; Gd;KWty; G+f;Fk; vopYk; G+tpd; tpspk;gpy;kyUk; tpag;Gk; md;whlg; Gyg;ghl;bw;F Mshtjpy;iy. tpz;ntspnad;whFk; tpe;ijAk; mg;gbNa. ,e;j epiyiaAk;fle;J Gyg;glNt Kbahj mfg;ghl;bid vy;yhk; Gyg;gLj;jKay;tJ ftpijNa. mg;gbg;gl;lg; ngUKaw;rpjhNd

‘Gy;ypdpy; tapug; gilNjhd;Wk; fhy;G+jyj;jpy; guhrf;jp Njhd;WNk” (m-77)

vd;W ghujpiag; G+hpf;fr; nra;jJ.

Ie;J Gyd;fshYk; czug;gLk; Ritaidj;ijAk;>mg;Gyd;fisf; fle;J mf,af;fq;fshfTk;nefpo;r;rpfshfTk; Njhd;Wk; Ritaidj;ijAk; jhd;czHe;jthNw kw;wtH czu ntspg;gLj;JtJk;> mg;gbg;gl;lntspg;ghl;by; fhl;rp Kjyhd Gyg;ghLfs; kl;Lk; md;wp>Vf;fk;> tPuk;> Jauk; Nghd;w mfg;ghLfs; kl;Lk; md;wp> mitVw;gl;l #oiyAk; mtw;iwf; ftpQd; mDgtpj;j tpjj;ijAk;,izj;J ntspg ;gLj;JtJk; ftpijahy; kl;LNk,ad;wjhfpwJ. RitgfpHTr; rhjdq;fspy; ftpij Kjd;ikngWfpwJ vd;w Ritapaw; $w;W ,jdhy; tpsf;fk;ngWfpwJ.

Fwpg;Gfs;

1. m. r. Qhdrk;ge;jk; mtHfs; ,ijNa ‘KUfpapy;” vd;Wk; miof;fpd;whH. (fh-16)

2. rhf;uB]; fhyj;jpypUe;J jw;fhyk; tiu gy mwpQHfshy; tpsf;fg; gl;l mofpay; thjq;fisj; njspT gLj;Jk; E}y;

“Aesthetic Experience in Religion”.

- by Geddes Mac Gregor (L)

,e;E}ypy; (g. 30) gjpndl;lhk; E}w;whz;by; ghk;fHld;


vd;gtuhy;jhd; Kjd;Kjypy; mofpaYf;NfAesthetics vd;w ngaH #l;lg;gl;ljhf xU Fwpg;Gfhzg;gLfpwJ.

3. nkhop gpwg;gpay; gw;wpa $w;WfSf;F“Music and the origins of Language”

-by Downing A. Thomas

4. ‘jk;Kila mDgtj;ijg; gfpHe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; Jbg;Ng>,yf;fpag; gilg;Gf;F ce;Jjy; rf;jpahfmiktijf; fhZfpd;Nwhk;.”Qhdrk;ge;jd;. (fh - 23> 24)

--------------


ñó¹‹ ¹¶¬ñ»‹ñó¹‹ ¹¶¬ñ»‹ñó¹‹ ¹¶¬ñ»‹ñó¹‹ ¹¶¬ñ»‹ñó¹‹ ¹¶¬ñ»‹

Þ¡Á èM¬îˆ ¶¬øJ™ ñó¹‹ ¹¶¬ñ»‹ ºó‡ð†´GŸðî£è å¼ ï‹H‚¬è õ÷˜‰¶ õ¼Aø¶. ÜŠð® å¼ºó‡ð£´ à‡¬ñJ«ô«ò Þ¼Šðî£èˆ ªîKòM™¬ô; âŠð®Þ¼‚è‚Ã´‹ â¡Á‹ ¹KòM™¬ô. ¹¶¬ñèÀ‚° Þì‹îó£ñ™, ÜõŸ«ø£´ ñ™½‚° G¡«ø ñóªð¶¾‹ ªõ¡øF™¬ô.ñó¹èœ Ü¬ùˆ¬î»‹ åNˆ¶M†´ å¼ ¹¶¬ñ, î£«ùº¬÷ˆîî£è õóô£Á‹ Ü™¬ô. ÜPMò½‚°‹ Þ¶ äú‚‰Î†ì¡ è†´‚«è£Š¹ì¡ Ü¬ñˆ¶„ ªê¡ø ªð£¼‡¬ññóH¡ °¬øð£´è¬÷„ ªêŠðQ´‹ ºòŸC«ò ä¡v¬ìQ¡‘ê£˜G¬ô ÃŸÁ’ (FòK ÝçŠ Kªô®M®) â¡ø ¹¶MK¾‚°õN«è£Lò¶. ï£÷¬ìM™ ä¡v¬ìÂ‹ ñó¹ ê£˜‰îõó£è¾‹,ñóHL¼‰¶ M´ðì£îõó£è¾‹ ¶OŠªð£¼‡¬ñ (‚õ£¡ì‹çHR‚v) õ£Fè÷£ù c™v «ð£˜ «ð£¡øõ˜è÷£™ °Ÿø‹ê£†ìŠð†ì£˜. âù«õ ñóH¡ åšªõ£¼ MK¾‹ å¼¹¶¬ñò£è õó«õŸèŠð´õ¶‹, è£ô„ªêôM™ åšªõ£¼¹¶¬ñ»‹ ñó¹‚ °FK™ M¿‰¶ ñƒAŠ «ð£õ¶‹ õóô£ŸÁGè›„Cèœ.

“²¬õ ¹F¶; ªð£¼œ ¹F¶; õ÷‹ ¹F¶” (Ü&276)

â¡ªø™ô£‹ î¡ èM¬îè¬÷ ÜPºèŠð´ˆFò ð£óF,

“è‹ð¡ Þ¬êˆî èMªòô£‹ ï£¡” (Ü&126)

â¡Á‹ ð£®»œ÷¶ â‡EŠ ð£˜‚èŠðì «õ‡®ò¶.«õîƒè¬÷»‹, àðGûˆè¬÷»‹ H¡ðŸP«ò ð£óFJ¡

õêùèM¬îèœ õ®õ¬ñ‚èŠð†ìî£è‚ è¼î Þìº‡´.è÷Mò™ à¬ó»‹, à¬óJ¬ìJ†ì ð£†´¬ì„ ªêŒ»À‹îIN™ ãŸèù«õ Ü¬ñ‰î¬õ î£«ñ!

1) ªêŒ»œ õ®M™ àœ÷ù â™ô£‹ èM¬îèœ Ü™ô.

2) ªêŒ»œ õ®õ‹ èM¬î‚° Þ¡Pò¬ñò£îî¡Á.

Þó‡´ ÃŸÁèÀ«ñ ñÁ‚èŠðì º®ò£î¬õò£èˆ«î£¡ÁA¡øù.

‘¹¶‚èM¬î’ â¡ð¶ î£¡ â¡ù? ÜîŸ° õ¬óò¬øâ¡ù? õ¬óò¬ø«ò Þ™ô£î å¡Á‚°„ ²†´Šªðò˜ Þ¼‚èº®ò£«î.


õ¬óò¬øòŸø ‘Š¼ñ‹’ â¡Á ð¬öò Ë™èO™ªê£™ôŠð†ì¶, å¼ ²†´Šªðòó£è Þ™¬ô«ò! Þ¶ Þ™¬ô”â¡Áî£«ù Ü¬ùˆ¶ñ£ù Ü¬î ÜPò ºŸðÁ«ø£‹.ÜŠð®Šð†ìî£ ¹¶‚èM¬î? Þ¡Q¡ù èM¬îèœ¹¶‚èM¬îèœ âùˆ «î¼‹ ÜPõ£÷˜èœ ÜŠð®G¬ù‚èM™¬ô«ò. Þ‰î‚ °öŠð‹ cƒè£î G¬ôJ«ô«ò¹¶‚èM¬î‚° º. «ñˆî£ å¼ õ¬óò¬ø î¼Aø£˜:

“Þô‚èí„ ªêƒ«è£™,ò£Š¹„ C‹ñ£êù‹,â¶¬èŠ ð™ô‚°,«ñ£¬ùˆ «î˜èœ,îQªñ£N„ «ê¬ù,ð‡®î ðõQ,Þ¬õ â¶¾‹ Þ™ô£î...è¼ˆ¶‚èœ î‹¬ñˆî£«ñ Ý÷‚èŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì ¹Fò ñ‚è÷£†C º¬ø«ò¹¶‚èM¬î.” (0&00)

¹¶‚èM¬îJ™ Þ™ô£îõŸ¬øŠ ð†®ò™ «ð£†´‚è£†Áø£˜, «ñˆî£, Ýù£™ ¹¶‚èM¬îJ™ Þ¼Šð¶ â¡ùâ¡ð¶ ðŸP å«ó å¼ °PŠ¹ì¡ GÁˆF MÁø£˜. è¼ˆ¶èœ,Ü¶¾‹ î‹¬ñˆî£«ñ Ý÷‚ èŸÁ‚ ªè£‡ì è¼ˆ¶èœ,¹¶‚èM¬îJ™ à‡ªì¡Aø£˜. è¼ˆ¶èœ â¡ø£«ô,ò£¼¬ìò¬õ â¡ø «èœM àì«ù â¿‹. ò£«ó£ å¼õ˜C‰î¬ùJ™î£¡ å¼ è¼ˆ¶ àFˆî£è «õ‡´‹. è¼ˆ«îèM¬îJ¡ è¼Šªð£¼œ â¡ø£™, à¬óï¬ì Þ¼‚è‚ èM¬îâîŸ° â¡ø «èœM â¿‹. è¼ˆ¬î ï¡° ðFò ¬õ‚è‚èM¬î «î¬õªò¡ø£™, Ü‰î «ï£‚è‹ G¬ø«õø â¶¬è,«ñ£¬ù, Ü÷¾ «ð£¡ø Þô‚èí ÜEèô¡èO¡ àîM¬òï£ì «õ‡®J¼‚°‹. Hø° ªêŒ»œè«÷ ñL‰¶ èM¬îè÷£èàô£õ¼‹. è†´¬óJ™ è¼ˆ¶èœ ªê£™ôŠð´õF™ Þò½‹ªîO¾, ªêŒ»œ ï¬ìJ™ êŸÁ‚ °¬ø‰¶ «ð£õ¶ à‡¬ñ.«ñˆî£M¡ õ¬óò¬ø ãŸèˆ î‚èî£èˆ «î£¡øM™¬ô.ÜŠð®‚ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷Š ðA˜‰¶ ªè£œ÷ à¬óï¬ì»‹ Ü¡P„ªêŒ»À‹ Ü¡P å¼ ¹Fò ê£îù‹ Cô¼‚°‚ A†®»œ÷¶â¡Á ¬õˆ¶‚ ªè£‡ì£™, Þ‰Ë™ Ü‰î„ ê£îù‹ðŸPòî¡Á. Ü‰î„ ê£îù«ñ èM¬î â¡ø¬ö‚èŠð´‹â¡ðF™ «ñˆî£ àÁFò£è Þ¼‰î£™, Þ‰Ë™ â¬îŠðŸPò«î£ ÜîŸ° «õÁ ªðò˜ ¬õ‚èŠðì «õ‡´‹. ªðòK™âîŸ° õ£î‹?


ð£óF‚°Š H¡ îIN™ ¹¶‚èM¬î â¡ø Þò‚è‹ «î£¡øMˆF†ì èMë˜èÀœ °PŠHìˆ î‚èõ˜ ï. H„êÍ˜ˆF.‘ñóð£, ¹¶¬ñò£?’ â¡ø õ£î‹ à„êè†ìˆ¬î Ü¬ì‰F¼‰î«ð£¶, 1961 Ý‹ Ý‡´, ‘â¿ˆ¶’ â¡ø ÞîN™ (14 Ýõ¶ã´), ï.H„êÍ˜ˆF ¹¶‚èM¬î‚° Ýîóõ£è å¼ è†´¬óâ¿Fù£˜. ñQî¡ î¡ àí˜M¡ðˆ¬î ñŸøõ˜èÀ‚°ªõOŠð´ˆ¶‹ ºòŸCJ™ Þ¬ê Hø‰¶, õ÷˜‰î¶ â¡øè¼ˆ¬î º¡¬õˆ¶ˆ ªî£ì˜‰¶ W›õ¼ñ£Á î‹ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ÜF™ Üõ˜ õ®ˆF¼‰î£˜.

“ñQîÂ¬ìò C‰î¬ù»‹ àí˜„C»‹ õ÷˜„C Ü¬ìòˆî¬ôŠð†ì Hø° ªõÁ‹ Þ¬êò£™ à‡ì£°‹ Þ¡ðˆ¶ì¡ªð£¼¬÷»‹ ñùªïA›„C¬ò»‹ MòŠ¬ð»‹ ¶òóˆ¬î»‹ªê£ŸèO¡ Íô‹ á†® Þ¬ê‚° Gó‰îóñ£ùÜ®Šð¬ì¬ò«ò ÜO‚èô£«ñ â¡ø óèCò‹ ñQîÂ‚°Š¹ôù£AM†ì¶.

ê¾‚¬èˆ«î£ŠH¡ õN«ò è£ŸÁ ð£Œ‰¶ ªê¡ø Hø°«î£¡Á‹ æ»‹ åL ªê£™ªô£í£î ã‚èˆ¬îà‡ì£‚°Aø¶ â¡ð¶ ï‹º¬ìò ÜÂðõ‹.........

..........è£ŸP™ «î£¡P‚ è£ŸP™ ñ¬ø»‹ Þ¬ê è£™ªðŸÁG¬ôˆ¶ àí˜„C‚°ˆ bÎ†´‹ CøŠ¬ð Ü¬ìAø¶.ÞŠªð£¿¶ Þ¬ê ªõÁ‹ °PŠðŸø A÷˜„Cò£è Þ™ô£ñ™ªð£¼Àœ÷ ð£†ì£Aø¶. èM¬îò£Aø¶.

Ýù£™ å¡Á. Þó‡´ õ¬èJ½‹ è£ªî¡Â‹ªð£PõN«òî£¡ Þ‰î Þ¡ðº‹ ÜÂðõº‹ «î£¡Pò£è«õ‡®J¼‚Aø¶..........

ÞŠªð£¿¶ º‚Aòñ£ù Hó„ê¬ù â¡ùªõ¡ø£™, è£¬îï‹ð£ñ™ èM¬î¬òˆ «î£ŸÁM‚è º®ò£î£ â¡ð¶î£¡...èM¬î ªê£ŸèO™ Þ™¬ô, åL ïòˆF™ Þ™¬ô â¡ð¬î‚è‡´ ªè£‡ì£¡. Þó‡´‚°‹ è£óíñ£ù î¡QìˆF™Þ¼‚Aøªî¡ø «ð¼‡¬ñ¬ò, ÜF¼wì õêˆî£™ î£¡ªðŸøÜÂðõˆF™ Þ¼‚Aøªî¡ø óê¬ù ¸†ðˆ¬î àí˜‰î£¡.

......ð£‹¹ åLïò‹ è£‡ðî£è‚ ÃÁõªî™ô£‹ å¼ Hó¬ñ.ñó¹‚AíƒAò èM¬îJ¡ åLïò‹ â¡Á ÃÁõ¶‹ Þ¬îŠ«ð£¡ø å¼ Hó¬ñ«ò. à‡¬ñJ™ ñ°®J¡ Þ¬ê¬òŠ«ð£™èM¬îJ™ Ý´‹ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷»‹ àí˜„Cè¬÷»‹ÜÂðMˆ¶ˆî£¡ èMî£ óê¬ù ªðÁA«ø£«ñ Ü™ô£¶«õªø¶¾‹ Þ™¬ô â¡«ø Ãøô£‹.”


Þ¶ ªñŒ»í˜«õ£´ â¿îŠð†ì îóñ£ù è†´¬ó â¡ð¶ð®ˆî ñ£ˆFóˆF«ô«ò ¹K‰¶M´Aø¶. Þ¬ê; Þ¬êJL¼‰¶è£ŸÁ; è£ŸPL¼‰¶ è£¶; è£F™ Þ¼‰¶ èM¬î; ÞŠð®Šð®Šð®ò£è õ÷¼‹ â‡íˆ ªî£ì˜¹èœ (Ü«ú£C«òû¡ÝçŠ ä®ò£v) ð£óFJ¡ õêù èM¬îè¬÷, Ü¶¾‹ ‘è£ŸÁ’â¡ø î¬ôŠH™ ªõOò£ù õKè¬÷, G¬ù¾ð´ˆ¶A¡øù.

“è£ŸÁ‚°‚ è£¶G¬ô. CõÂ¬ìòè£F«ô è£ŸÁ GŸAø£¡. è£ŸP™ô£M†ì£™ CõÂ‚°‚ è£¶ «è†è£¶.è£ŸÁ‚°‚ è£F™¬ô. Üõ¡ ªêMì¡.è£¶¬ìòõ¡ ÞŠð® Þ¬ó„ê™Þ´õ£ù£? è£¶¬ìòõ¡ «ñèƒè¬÷å¡«ø£ªì£¡Á «ñ£îM†´,Þ®Þ®‚è„ ªê£™L «õ®‚¬èð£˜Šð£ù£? è£¶¬ìòõ¡ èì¬ô‚èô‚A M¬÷ò£´õ£ù£? è£Ÿ¬ø,åL¬ò, õL¬ñ¬ò õíƒ°A«ø£‹.” (Ü&530)

H„êÍ˜ˆF ‘è£¶’ âù‚ °PŠH´õ¶ ä‹¹ô¡èÀ‚°‹

å¼ °Pfì£è«õ âù‚ ªè£œ÷ô£‹. ªð£Pèœ Íôñ£è Ü¡P

«ïó®ò£è, Üè‹¸è˜ ÜÂðõñ£Œ‚ èM¬î ªõOŠð£´ Ü¬ñò

«õ‡´‹ â¡ø «õ†¬è Üõ¼¬ìò è†´¬óJ™

ªõOŠð´Aø¶.

ð£F õ£›M™ «ïK†ì ã«î£ å¼ MðˆF¡ è£óíñ£è„

ªêM¸è˜ ÝŸø¬ô º¿¶‹ Þö‰¶M†ì å¼ ñQî¡

Ü¼íAKï£îK¡ ê‰îˆ F¼Š¹è› Ë¬ôŠ ð®‚è «ï¼‹«ð£¶,

ÜF™ àœ÷ åL ïòƒèœ Ü‰î ñQîÂ‚°Š ¹ôŠðì£ñô£

«ð£ŒM´‹? ªêMˆ¶¬í Þ¡P»‹ åLïòˆ¬î Üõ¡

ÜÂðM‚è º®Aø«î! ªêM»í˜¾ àœ÷õ˜ Ãì å¼ ê‰î„

ªêŒ»¬÷ ñùˆ¶‚°œ â‡EŠ ð£˜‚°‹ «ð£¶, Üî¡ åL

ïòˆ¬î ÜÂðM‚è º®Aø«î! ÜŠªð£¿¶ Üõ˜èœ

ªêMõNò£èõ£ Ü‰î ÜÂðõˆ¬îŠ ªðÁAø£˜èœ?


ÜÂðõ ¸è˜„C‚°Š ªð£P„ê£˜¹ «î¬õŠðì£î G¬ô

ãŸð´‹ «ð£¶ ÞQ¬ñ¬ò ï£õ£™ ñ†´‹ Ü¡P„ ªêMò£½‹ÜÂðM‚è Þò½‹.

“ªê‰îI› ï£ªìÂ‹ «ð£FQ«ô & Þ¡ðˆ«î¡õ‰¶ ð£»¶ è£FQ«ô” (Ü&165)

â¡Á ð£ìº®»‹. ªêMõN õ‰î æ˜ åL¸è˜„C ï£õNõ‰î ²¬õ«ð£™ ÜÂðõñ£ù¬î«ò ÞšõKèœ °P‚A¡øù.«î¡ ªêMJ™ áŸøŠð†ìî£è ÞîŸ°Š ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷Þòô£¶. ªêM, ï£õ£è ñ£Pòî£è¾‹ ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷Þòô£¶. ªð£P õNò£è Ü¡P Üè‹ «ïó® ÜÂðõ‹ ªðøÞò½‹ â¡ð¬î«ò Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶. ªð£Pèœ ñ£ÁõF™¬ô;ÜõŸP¡ ¹ôŠð£´è«÷ ñ£ÁA¡øù. Üîù£™î£¡ð£óFî£ê¡,

“ªð£¡ñèÀ‹ â¬ù‚è£î™ â‰Fóˆî£™¹ô¡ñ£ŸPŠ «ð£†´M†ì£œ åŠHM†«ì¡” (â&31)

â¡Á ð£®»œ÷£˜.

H„êÍ˜ˆFJ¡ è¼ˆ¶ Þ¡Â‹ êŸÁ Ýöñ£ùî£èˆ«î£¡ÁAø¶. ªêM¸è˜ Fø¬ù Þö‰î ñQî¡ Ãì ê‰î‚èM¬î å¡¬øŠ ð®‚°‹ «ð£¶ Üî¡ åLïòˆ¬î ÜÂðM‚èº®Aø¶ â¡ø à‡¬ñ å¼¹ø‹ Þ¼‚è, å¼ èM¬î¬òŠð®‚°‹ «ð£¶, åLïò ÜÂðõˆ¬î«ò îM˜ˆ¶,Ü‚èM¬îJ¡ ²¬õ¬ò àíó Þò½‹ â¡Á H„êÍ˜ˆFÃÁAø£«ó£? àì«ù ‘ªñ÷ù‚èM¬î’ Ü™ô¶ ‘åLõ®õ«ñÞ™ô£î èM¬î’ â¡ªø™ô£‹ èŸð¬ù ªêŒ¶ ªè£œ÷ˆ«î¬õJ™¬ô. åL õ®M™ àœ÷ å¼ èM¬î¬òŠ ð®ˆ¶,Üî¡ åL õ®¬õŠ ¹ø‰îœO, Üî¡ àœkì£ù ÜÂðõˆ¬îñ†´‹ ²¬õŠð¶ ðŸPŠ H„êÍ˜ˆF «ð²õî£è‚ è¼îÞìº‡´; ‘ò£¬ù à‡ì M÷ƒèQ «ð£ô’ â¡Á Ãøô£«ñ£?

H„êÍ˜ˆFJ¡ ªñŒJòŸ «è£†ð£†¬ì M÷ƒA‚ªè£œÀ‹ ºòŸC¬ò„ êŸ«ø GÁˆFM†´, ÞŠð®Šð†ìªñŒJò™ «õ†¬èJ™ M¬÷‰î æ˜ Þò‚è‹ âŠð® «õÁ«è£íƒèO™ FKð¬ì‰î¶ â¡ð¬î «ï£‚èô£‹.

å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ â´ˆ¶‚ ªè£‡´ Üî¡ ðô ÃÁè¬÷»‹M÷‚°î™ «ð£™ ‘Ü¶«õ Þ¶«õ’ â¡Á Ü´‚A‚ ªè£‡«ì«ð£°‹ ð†®ò™èœ, ¹¶‚èM¬îèœ â¡ø ªðòK™ G¬øò


ªõOò£A¡øù. ï£. è£ñó£êQ¡ ‘è¼Š¹ ñô˜èœ’ ªî£°ŠH™Þ¼‰¶ ‘ï¬ìð£¬î’ ðŸPò å¼ ªõOŠð£´ ÞîŸ°â´ˆî‚è£†´:

“ñ¬ö‚è£ô ïóè‹ñ£¬ô«ïó„ ªê£˜‚è‹ªõJŸè£ô ï†´õù£˜ªõ‡EôM¡ åOªõœ÷‹æ´A¡ø æ¬ì ò£¼‹àK¬ñ ªè£‡ì£ì£î Üù£¬î ñ‡ã¬öèœ àøƒAì ÞòŸ¬èò£™ãŸð´ˆîŠ ð†ì ¹¿F‚ è†®™.” (C&41)

ÞŠð®Šð†ì ð†®ò™ õ¬èŠ ¹¶‚èM¬îèÀ‚° «ñ½‹â´ˆ¶‚è£†´èœ õ™L‚ è‡í¡ Üõ˜è÷£™ “¹¶‚èM¬î«î£Ÿøº‹ õ÷˜„C»‹” (Y) â¡ø ËL™ 219, 220, 236 ÝAòð‚èƒèO™ îóŠð†´œ÷ù. ªê£Ÿè¬÷ ¬õˆ¶Š ð£ó£†ìˆî‚è º¬øJ™ ‘ªê£™ M¬÷ò£ì™èœ’ ªêŒ¶ è£†®òMˆî£óŠ ¹ôõ˜èœ «ð£™ Cô ‘¹¶‚’ èMë˜èœC‰î¬ùè¬÷»‹ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷»‹ ¬õˆ¶‚ ‘è¼ˆ¶ &M¬÷ò£ì™èœ’ ªêŒ»‹ Mˆî£óˆF™ ß´ð†ìù˜ Ü‰îMˆî£ó‚ èM¬îèœ ð£ó£†ìŠ ð´õ¶ îõ«ø Þ™¬ô.êKî£¡. ÜõŸP™ ªõOŠð´õ¶ èMë˜èO¡ Fø¬ñ.âŠªð£¿¶«ñ Fø¬ñ ð£ó£†´‚° àKò¶. Ýù£™ èM¬îæ˜ ÝŸø™ Þ™¬ô. ð£ó£†´‚è£è ñ†´‹ â¿îŠð´õù àò˜‰îèM¬îèœ Ü™ô. Fø¬ñ Ü™ô¶ ÝŸø™ (ªê£™ô£Ÿø½‹êK, C‰î¬ùò£Ÿø½‹ êK) âŠð®Š ð£ó£†´‚°Kò«î£, ÜŠð®«òèM¬î óê¬ù‚°Kò¶; ²¬õ‚èˆ î‚è¶. C‰î¬ùˆFø¬ñ‚è£èŠ ªðK¶‹ ð£ó£†ìŠð†ì å¼ ªõOŠð£´:

“ÞóM«ô õ£ƒA«ù£‹Þ¡Â‹ M®ò«õ Þ™¬ô.....” (²&37™ «ñŸ«è£œ)

ïœOóM™ ï£‹ ï£†´ M´î¬ô ªðŸ«ø£‹; Þ¡Â‹Þ‰ï£†´ ã¬öèÀ‚° M®¾ è£ô‹ Hø‚èM™¬ô â¡øïò‹ ð£ó£†ìŠðìô£‹. ÝJÂ‹ Þ¶ ÜÂðõ‹ â¬î»‹ ²ñ‰¶õóM™¬ô â¡ð¬î åŠ¹‚ªè£œ÷ˆî£¡ «õ‡´‹.

“ÞóM™ õ£ƒ°‹ Þ‰Fò M´î¬ôâ¡Á M®»«ñ£ ò£˜ ÜP °õ«ó.”


â¡ø õKè¬÷ 15&8&1947 Ü¡«ø ð£óFî£ê¡ â¿FM†ìî£èå¼ ªêŒF¬ò º. îI›‚°®ñèù£˜ î‹ “ðˆî£‡´ˆ îI›‚èM¬îèœ” â¡ø ÝŒ¾ ËL™ ÃP»œ÷£˜ (² & 37)

“Þ«î£, Þ‰î ñô¬óŠ ð£˜. Þ¶ âšõ÷¾ Üöè£è Þ¼‚Aø¶!”“Ýý£, «è†ì£ò£, âšõ÷¾ âO¬ñò£è¾‹ ÞQ¬ñò£è¾‹

Þ‰î °óŸ²¼œ (Š¼è£) õ‰¶ M¿‰î¶!”

“Ü„ê„«ê£, Ü‰îŠ H…²‚ °ö‰¬î¬òŠ ð£˜, î£Œ Þø‰¶AìŠð¶ Ãìˆ ªîKò£ñ™ ðCˆ¶ Ü¿Aø¶!”

ÞŠð® â™ô£‹ Ü¼A™ àœ÷õ¬ó à½‚A ï‹ Ü¡ø£ìÜÂðõƒèO™ Üõ¼‹ ðƒ«èŸè‚ «è£¼A«ø£‹. è£ôˆî£½‹Þìˆî£½‹ Ü‡¬ñ»ŸP¼‚°‹ Þ¼õK¬ì«ò Þ¶ Þò½‹.è£ô, ÞìŠ HK¾è¬÷Š ¹ø‚èEˆ¶ˆ î¡QL¼‰¶è£ôˆî£™ Iè¾‹ HŸð†ìõ¬ó, Þìˆî£™ Iè¾‹ ªî£¬ôM™àœ÷õ¬ó, Þšõ£Á î¡ ÜÂðõƒèO™ ðƒ«èŸè‚ «è£¼‹«õ†¬è«ò, å¼õ¬ù‚ èM¬î â¿îˆ É‡´Aø¶. è£ô,Þìˆ F¬óè¬÷ c‚Aˆ î¡ ÜÂðõˆ¶œ Üõ˜èœ è£ô®â´ˆ¶ ¬õ‚è ªñ£N õ£J™ Ü¬ñˆ¶‚ ªè£´‚°‹ ºòŸC«òÜõÂœ Þ¼‰¶ å¼ èM¬îò£è ªõOŠð´Aø¶.

ÞŠð® º¿‚è º¿‚è ÜÂðõŠ ðA˜¾‚è£è«õ Ü¬ñ‰îê£îù‹ èM¬î. æ˜ àò˜‰î è¼ˆ¬î«ò£, C‰î¬ù¬ò«ò£ªõOŠð´ˆîõ¶ Üî¡ «ï£‚è‹ Þ™¬ô. è¼ˆ¶ õ÷º‹C‰î¬ù õ÷º‹ èM¬îJ™ Þ¼‚èô£‹; Ýù£™ Ü¬õèM¬î‚° Þ¡Pò¬ñò£îù Ü™ô. ÜÂðõ ªõOŠð£ì£è‚èM¬î Þ¼‰«î Ýè«õ‡´‹. Þ™¬ô«ò™ Ü¶èM¬îò£è«õ è¼îŠðì£¶.

ÜÂðõ ªõOŠð£ì£è‚ èM¬î Þ¼‚è «õ‡®ò «î¬õÞ™¬ô â¡ø õ£î‹ âöô£‹. ÜîŸ° å«ó ðF™: ÜÂðõªõOŠð£†¬ì ñ†´«ñ èM¬î â¡Á‹, ñŸø ªõOŠð£´è¬÷«õÁªðò˜èO†´ Ü¬öŠðªî¡Á‹ Þšõ£CKò¡ â´ˆîº®¬õ Ü¬ùõ¼‹ Ý«ñ£F‚è «õ‡®ò è†ì£ò‹ Þ™¬ô;â¡ø£½‹, ÜÂðõ ªõOŠð£´è÷£è Þ‰ËL™ â´ˆ¶‚è£†ìŠð†´œ÷ ð¬ìŠ¹è¬÷»‹ Ü¬õ«ð£¡ø ð¬ìŠ¹è¬÷»‹ã«îÂ‹ å¼ ªðòK†´, Üšõ‡í‹ Þ™ô£î ñŸøð¬ìŠ¹èO™ Þ¼‰¶ ÜõŸ¬øŠ HKˆ¶„ ²†®‚ è£†´‹è†ì£ò‹ Þšõ£CKòÂ‚° à‡«ì.


âù«õ ÜÂðõ ªõOŠð£´è¬÷Š ð°ˆî£Œ‰¶, ÜõŸP™ÜÂðõŠ ðA˜¾‚° àî¾‹ ÜEèœ â¬õ âùˆ ªîOõ¶‹,Ü‰î ÜEèÀ‚°Š ªðò˜èO†´ˆ ªî£°ˆ¶ ¬õŠð¶‹,Þô‚èí ÝCKò˜èO¡ ðE. ÞŠð®Šð†ì ªî£¬è«ò,èM¬îJò™ «ï£‚A™, ‘ñó¹’ âùŠð´‹. ñóH¡ àœ÷ì‚è‹ÜšõŠ«ð£¶ ñ£P‚ªè£‡«ì Þ¼‚èô£‹. Üî¡àœ÷ì‚èˆF¡ CÁ CÁ ð°Fèœ ñ£Á‹ «ð£¶ ñ£Ÿø‹ªõOŠð¬ìò£èŠ ªðK¶‹ àíóŠð´õF™¬ô. Üî¡àœ÷ì‚èˆF¡ ªðKò ð°F«ò ªðò˜ˆªî´‚èŠð´‹«ð£¶,Ü‰î ñ£Ÿø‹ å¼ ¹ó†Cò£èˆ ªî¡ðÁø¶. ÜŠð®Šð†ìå¼ ¹ó†C ÞŠªð£¿¶ Gè›‰¶ M†ìî£è, Ü™ô¶, Gè›‰¶ªè£‡®¼Šðî£èŠ ‘¹¶‚èM¬î’ Þò‚è‹ ðŸP„ ªê£™ôŠðÁø¶.

Þ¡¬øò ¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚è‹ âˆî¬èò ¹ó†CªêŒ¶œ÷¶ Ü™ô¶ ªêŒ¶ªè£‡®¼‚Aø¶? Þ‚«èœM‚°M¬ì è£í «õ‡´‹ â¡ø£™, Þ‰î Þò‚è‹ â‰îÜ®Šð¬ìJ™ ñóHL¼‰¶ «õÁðÁø¶ â¡Á ÝŒ¾ ªêŒò«õ‡´‹.

¹ôõ˜èœ H®JL¼‰¶ Ü™ô¶ ÝF‚èˆFL¼‰¶èM¬î‚° e†C ªè£´ˆ¶œ÷¶, ¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚è‹ â¡ÁCô˜ ªê£™A¡øù˜. Þ¶ à‡¬ñ î£ù£?

‘¹¶‚èM¬î’ â¡ø ºòŸCJ¡ ªî£ì‚èˆ¬îÝó£Œ‰îõ˜èœ, ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£™† M†ñQ¡ ‘¹™L¡Þî›èœ’ â¡ø ð¬ìŠ¬ð»‹ îIN™ ñý£èM ð£óFò£K¡õêù èM¬îè¬÷»‹ Þ‰î õ¬èJ™ ºî™ ºòŸCè÷£èˆªîO‰¶œ÷ù˜. îIN™ ¹¶‚èM¬î â¡ðî£è æ˜Þò‚èˆF¡ ªî£ì‚è ÝCKò˜ ï. H„êº˜ˆF«ò â¡Á¶E‰¶ ªê£™ôô£‹. õ£™† M†ñ«ù£, ð£óF«ò£,H„êÍ˜ˆF«ò£ ð£ñó˜èœ Þ™¬ô. Þ™ô«õ Þ™¬ô.Þõ˜èª÷™ô£‹ ªñ£Nˆ «î˜„C ªðŸø Cø‰î ¹ôõ˜èœ ï.H„êÍ˜ˆFJ¡ å¼ èM¬î:

“Þ¼O¡ ñì™èœ °M‰îùõ£ùˆ¶ üõ‰Fèœ I¡Qùè£MK ï£í™èœ è£ŸP™ ñòƒAù«ñŸ«è ²ì¬ôJ¡ æò£î Í„²è£ô¡ªêŒ «ý£ñˆF™ àì™ ªïŒò£°‹ è£†CAö‚«è ªð‡èO¡ ñ†ìŸø «ð„²è†ìŸø CKŠ¹è£MK ñíL™ °ö‰¬îèœ ªè£‹ñ£÷‹.” (Å)


è™MòP¾ êŸÁI™ô£î ð£ñó¡ Þ‚èM¬î¬òŠ ð®ˆ¶„²¬õ‚è º®»ñ£? Ü¬ñŠ¹ gFò£ù è™M«ò£ Ü™ô¶Ü¬ñŠ¹ ê£ó£î Þô‚Aòˆ «î˜„C«ò£ Þ™ô£î å¼ ð£ñó¡,Þ‚èM¬î¬òŠ ¹K‰¶ ªè£œ÷ º®»ñ£? ¹K‰¶ªè£œ÷£ñ«ô«ò Þ‚èM¬î¬ò Üõ¡ ²¬õ‚è º®»‹â¡ø£™, Þ‚èM¬îJ¡ àJ«ó£†ì‹ Þî¡ åLJ™Þ¼Šðî£è ÝAM´‹. H„êÍ˜ˆFJ¡ è¼ˆ¶‚° ñ£ø£è.Ü¶ åLJ™ Ü¡P àœk†®™ àœ÷ªî¡ø£™ Þ‚èM¬îð£ñóÂ‚° Þ™¬ô â¡Á ¶E‰¶ ªê£™ôô£‹.

“Éƒè£«î î‹H Éƒè£«î & c«ê£‹«ðP â¡øªðò˜ õ£ƒè£«î”

(ð†´‚«è£†¬ì è™ò£í ²‰îó‹)(ð†´‚«è£†¬ì è™ò£í ²‰îó‹)(ð†´‚«è£†¬ì è™ò£í ²‰îó‹)(ð†´‚«è£†¬ì è™ò£í ²‰îó‹)(ð†´‚«è£†¬ì è™ò£í ²‰îó‹)

â¡ø ð£ì½‹

“å‡í£ Þ¼‚è‚ èˆ¶‚èµ‹ & Þ‰îà‡¬ñ¬ò„ ªê£¡ù£ åˆ¶‚èµ‹è£‚è£ Ã†ìˆîŠ ð£¼ƒè & Ü¶‚°‚èˆ¶‚ ªè£´ˆî¶ ò£¼ƒè” (õ£L)

â¡ø ð£ì½‹ âˆî¬ù âO¬ñò£è¾‹ âˆî¬ùÞQ¬ñò£è¾‹ àœ÷ù. Þ¬õ «õ‡´ñ£ù£™ 60 Ü™ô¶70 ËŸÁŠðƒ°ˆ (êîMAî‹) îIö¼‚°Š ¹Kòô£‹. Ýù£™H„êÍ˜ˆF, ¬õˆbvõó¡ «ð£¡«ø£˜î‹ èùñ£ù, Ýöºœ÷èM¬îèœ 5 Ü™ô¶ 10 ËŸÁŠðƒ°ˆ îIö˜‚°ˆî£¡¹Kò‚Ã´‹. âù«õ æó÷¾ èM¬î¬òŠ ð£ñó˜‚è£è Þø‚Aõ‰î ¹ó†C‚è£ó˜èœ F¬ó»ôè‚ èMë˜è÷£ù à´ñ¬ôï£ó£òí èM»‹, ñ¼îè£C»‹, ð†´‚«è£†¬ìè™ò£í²‰îóº‹, è‡íî£êÂ‹, õ£L»‹ î£¡. Ü‰îŠ¹ó†C¬òŠ ¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚è‹î£¡ ªêŒî¶ â¡ø õ£î‹ãŸèèˆî‚è¶ Þ™¬ô.

ð£ñó˜‚è£èˆ F¬ó‚èMë˜èœ Þø‚A õ‰î èM¬îèO™,ªð¼‹ð£ô£ù¬õ ‘ÜÂðõ ªõOŠð£´’ â¡ø àœk´ÜŸøùõ£è àœ÷ù. M¬î»œ÷ ñ£¶¬÷ ºˆ¶è¬÷‚°ö‰¬îèœ ²¬õŠðîŸè£è M¬îè¬÷ c‚Aˆî¼‹ ºòŸCJ™Þö‚èŠð´‹ ñ£¶÷‹ ²¬÷è¬÷‚ è£†®½‹, ð£ñó˜‚è£èâO¬ñŠ ð´ˆîŠð†ì èM¬îèO™ ²¬õJöŠ¹ ÜFèÜ÷õ£è«õ Þ¼‚Aø¶. èM¬î‚ ²¬õ °¡ø£ñ™ ð£ñó˜‚°Šð£ì™èœ ªêŒ¶ î‰î ¹ó†C‚è£ó˜ ªè£ˆîñƒèô‹ ²Š¹ â¡«ø


âù‚°ˆ «î£¡ÁAø¶. Þ‚è†´¬ó F¬óŠð£ì™è¬÷«ò£ï£†´Š¹øŠ ð£ì™è¬÷«ò£ ðŸPòF™¬ô â¡ðî£™,¹¶‚èM¬î‚° e‡´ ªê™«õ£‹.

“ï£ƒèª÷™ô£‹ °óªô´ˆ¶è‡Í®‚ Aì‚°‹ ñQî¼‚è£Œ Ã¾A«ø£‹áNèœ ðŸðôõ£Œ âƒèœ °J™èª÷™ô£‹õê‰î ¼¶‚èO™ è¬ìò£ñ‹ èN«õ¬÷Þ¬êˆî ªð†¬ìŠ ð£†ì™ô Þ¶!Þ¶ ¹Fò ë£ù‹! ¹Fò ó£è‹! ¹ó†CŠ ð£†´âƒèœ °ó™èO«ô£ªõ™½‹ ñ£ÂìˆF¡ Hóèìù‹ ºöƒAõ¼‹.” (ªì)

îI›ï£ìQ¡ Þ‚èM¬î¬òŠ ð£ñó˜èœ ð®ˆ¶Š ªð£¼œM÷ƒA‚ ªè£œ÷ º®ò£¶. ‘áNèœ, ‘õê‰î ¼¶’,‘è¬ìò£ñ‹’, ‘ñ£Âì‹’, ‘Hóèìù‹’ «ð£¡ø ªê£Ÿèœ ð£ñó˜¹K‰¶ ªè£œ÷‚ Ã®ò ªê£Ÿè«÷ Ü™ô. ‘èN«õ¬÷’ â¡øM¬ùˆªî£¬è ã¡ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠ ð†´œ÷«î£? ÞîŸ°º¡ð£˜ˆî H„êÍ˜ˆFJ¡ “Þ¼O¡ ñì™èœ... .” âùˆªî£ìƒ°‹ èM¬îJ½‹” è£ô¡ ªêŒ «ý£ñˆF™” â¡øM¬ùˆªî£¬è êŸÁ ªï¼ìˆî£¡ ªêŒAø¶. ‘àì™ªïŒò£°‹’ âù Ü´ˆ¶õ¼‹ ªî£ìK¡ º¡î£‚èñ£è«õ‘ªêŒ’ â¡ø °¬ø„ªê£™ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠ ð†´œ÷«î£ â¡øäò‹ âöˆî£¡ ªêŒAø¶.

“Þô‚èí„ ªêƒ«è£™, ò£Š¹„ C‹ñ£êù‹...” «ð£¡ø â¶¾‹Þ™ô£¬ñ ðŸPŠ ð¬øê£ŸP‚ ªè£‡ì õ£ù‹ð£® Þò‚èˆF™îI›ï£ìÂ‹ å¼ º¡«ù£®‚ èMë˜. «ñ«ô ²†®‚è£†ìŠð†ì îI›ï£ì¡ èM¬î¬òŠ ðŸP è.Þó£ñ„ê‰Fó¡ÞŠð® â¿¶Aø£˜.

“....ñ£ÂìˆF¡ «ñ¡¬ñ‚è£è‚ °ó™ªè£´‚A¡ø£˜îI›ï£ì¡. Þ¶ Þõ¼¬ìò ªõOŠð£´ ñ†´‹Ü™ô. Þ¶«õî£¡ õ£ù‹ð£®èO¡ Ã†´‚ °óô£è¾‹âFªó£Lˆî¶.” (ªì)

õ£ù‹ð£® Þò‚èˆF¡ «î£ŸÁï˜èO™ å¼õó£ù CŸHJ¡èM¬î å¡Á (Cõèƒ¬è ð£óF ËŸø£‡´ Mö£ ñô˜):


“Üõ¡èèù Þ¼†´‚ èð£ì ¹óˆ¶ºè´èœ ANò ºöƒAò «êõ™ï£ñ£ õOè¬÷Š Hø˜ïM¡Á ªè£‡®¼‚¬èJ™Üõ¡Åø£õOè¬÷„²ñ‰î è˜Šð‹”

ð£óF¬òˆî£¡ Üõ˜ ÞŠð®ªò™ô£‹ ÃÁAø£˜. ÞF™‘èð£ì¹óˆ¶ ºè´èœ’ â¡ø¶ Þ¬ì„êƒè è£ôˆ¶Þô‚Aòˆ¬îŠ ðŸP«ò£ â¡ø °öŠð‹ ð®ˆîõ˜‚«èõó‚Ã´‹. ‘ïM¡Á’ â¡ø ªê£™ ï£ñ£õOèÀ‚°«ñ£¬ùò£è õL‰î â¿îŠð†ì«î£? ï£ñ£õO, Åø£õO â¡øÞ¬ò¹ ÞQˆî£½‹, Ü¶ å¼ º¡º®¾„ C‰î¬ùJ¡ºòŸCò£è«õ «î£¡ÁAø¶. å¼ èMë¬ù„ «êõ™ â¡ð¶ªð£¼ˆî‹. Üõ¬ù«ò ‘è˜Šð‹’ â¡Á à¼õA‚°‹ «ð£¶Ü¬î„ ²¬õ‚è º®òM™¬ô.

«ñ«ô ªê£™ôŠð†ì è¼ˆ¶èœ «ñ«ô â´ˆî£÷Šð†ìèM¬îè¬÷‚ °¬øÃÁõîŸè£è„ ªê£™ôŠ ðìM™¬ô.Ü‚èM¬îèœ å¼ «ï£‚A™ ï™ô ªõOŠð£´è«÷. Ýù£™ñóH™ Þ¼‰¶ ºŸP½‹ HK‰¶ õ‰î¶ «ð£¡ø å¼ ¹ó†C¬òÞŠð®Šð†ì ¹¶‚èM¬îèœ ªêŒòM™¬ô â¡ð¬î‚ è£†ì«õÜ‚è¼ˆ¶èœ «ñ«ô ªê£™ôŠð†ìù.

èM¬î â¿¶‹ àKñ‹ ð®ˆîõ˜‚° ñ†´«ñ â¡ø ê†ì‹â¡Á«ñ Þ¼‰îF™¬ô.

“ÍƒA™ Þ¬ô«ñ«ô Éƒ°‹ ðQc«óÉƒ°‹ ðQc¬ó õ£ƒ°‹ èF«ó£«ù”

âù æ˜ àöõ¡ ð£®ò¶ «è†´‚ èM„ê‚óõ˜ˆF«ò F¬èˆ¶,Mò‰¶, ð£ó£†®òî£è å¼ è¬î à‡´. Þ¶ à‡¬ñ«ò£,ªð£Œ«ò£; Ýù£™ ¹¶‚è¬î Þ™¬ô, ðöƒè¬î; ‘¹¶‚èM¬îÞò‚è‹’ â¡ð¶ ðŸPˆ ªîKò£î è£ôˆF«ô«ò ªê£™ôŠð†ì,ï‹ðŠð†ì è¬î.

“ºœÀ º¬ùJ¡«ñ«ô Íµªè£÷‹ ªõ†®õ„«ê¡ªó‡´ ªè£÷‹ð£¿ å‡µô î‡E«ò Þ™¬ô”


â¡ø ¹ô…ê£ó£‚ èM¬î (Non-Sense poetry) å¼ IèŠ ð¬öòï£«ì£®Š ð£ì™î£«ù! è™MòPõŸø å¼ ð£ñó¡î£¡ àôè‹Mò‚è‚ è£Mòƒèœ ðô ªêŒî ñý£èM è£Oî£ú¡ â¡øè¬î, IèŠ ðöƒè¬îò£JŸ«ø! º¬øò£ù è™MòP¾ Þ¡P»‹ªð¼ƒèMë˜è÷£Œ ðô˜ «î£¡Pò õóô£Áèœ ãó£÷‹ à‡´.ÝƒAô Þô‚AòˆF™ «û‚vHò˜ Ãì ÜŠð®ˆî£¡ â¡Áï‹ðŠ ð´Aø¶.

¹¶‚èM¬î «î£¡ø Þ¡ªù£¼ è£óíñ£è„ ªê£™ôŠð´õ¶, ò£Š¹, ºîLò ¹ø‚è†´Šð£´è¬÷ˆ îè˜ˆªîP»‹«õ†¬è. ÞF™ æó÷¾ à‡¬ñ ªî¡ð´Aø¶. î¡ÜÂðõˆ¬î ªõOJì M¬ö»‹ å¼õQì‹ ï£™õ¬èŠð£‚èÀœ å¼ õ®M«ô£, õ…C, î£N¬ê, M¼ˆî‹ «ð£¡øå¼ ï¬ìJ«ô£î£¡ Ü¬î Üõ¡ ªõOJì «õ‡´‹, â¡øè†´Šð£†¬ì ò£¼«ñ Üõ¡ e¶ â¡Á«ñ FEˆîF™¬ô.Üõù£è à†è£˜‰¶, Y˜ ºîLò Þô‚èí‹ ðJ¡Á,ÜîŸ«èŸð„ Y˜ â‡Eˆ î¬÷ð£˜ˆ¶, Ü®ò÷¾ «ï£‚A„ªêŒ»œ ªê¶‚Aù£™, ÜF™ Üõ¡ ÜÂðõ‹ ªêˆ¶ŠHø‰î£™ ÜîŸ° ò£˜ ªð£ÁŠð£O? Üõ«ù ÜîŸ°Š ªð£ÁŠ¹.

å¼ GIì‹! ‘Üõ«ù ÜîŸ°Š ªð£ÁŠ¹’ â¡ø ªê£Ÿªð¼‚°å¼ ªõ‡ð£M¡ ßŸø® «ð£™ Þ™¬ô? Ý‹! Ü¶ ÜŠð®Ü¬ñò «õ‡´‹ â¡ø º¡ º®«õ£´ â¿îŠ ðìM™¬ô«ò!ªõOŠð†ìH¡ å¼ ªõOŠð£†¬ì Ýó£Œ‰¶, Üî¡àÁŠ¹è¬÷»‹ ÜE âN™è¬÷»‹ ð°ˆ¶„ ªê£™õî£™,Ü‰îŠ ð£°ð£´è¬÷‚ è¼ˆF™ ªè£‡´ ÜîŸ«èŸð«õ Ü‰îªõOŠð£†¬ì Üî¡ ÝCKò¡ à¼õ£‚Aù£¡ âù º®¾ªêŒò º®ò£¶. Þô‚èíˆ¬î‚ è¼ˆF™ Þ¼ˆFò ð®«òÞô‚Aò‹ ð¬ì‚è º®ò£¶. Þô‚Aòƒè¬÷Š ð®ˆ¶, ÝŒ‰¶,ð°ˆ¶ˆ, ªî£°Šð«î Þô‚èí‹.

“âœO¡ ªø‡¬í â´Šð¶ «ð£«ôÞô‚AòˆFQ¡«ø â´ð´‹ Þô‚èí‹”

â¡ð¶ ÅˆFó‹.

ÞŠð®„ ªê£™õî£™ M¼ˆîƒèœ ð™ô£Jó‹ â¿Fò è‹ð˜Þô‚èí ÜPM¡P«ò â¿Fù£˜ âùŠ ªð£¼œðì£¶. Üõ˜â¿Fò«ð£¶ M¼ˆî Þô‚èí‹ Üõ˜ àœÀí˜M¡ÝöˆF™ (Sub-conscious mind) Þ¼‰î¶ âù‚ ªè£œ÷ô£‹.


¬ê‚Aœ æ†ì‚ èŸÁ‚ ªè£œÀ‹ «ð£¶ W«ö Mö£ñ™ Þ¼‚èˆ«î¬õŠð´‹ èõù‹, ï¡° ðJ¡Á ¬ê‚Aœ æ†´‹ «ð£¶«î¬õŠð´õF™¬ô. Ü¶ î£ù£è Ü¬ñAø¶. Hø° vÃ†ì˜æ†ì‚ èŸÁ‚ ªè£œÀ‹ «ð£¶ Ü‰î‚ èõù‹ êŸÁ‹«î¬õŠð´õF™¬ô. Þ¡«ù£˜ â´ˆ¶‚è£†´; â¿¶‹ «ð£¶â¿¶«è£¬ôŠ H®ˆî ð®«òî£¡ â¿î «õ‡®»œ÷¶. Ýù£™ªð¼A õ¼‹ C‰î¬ùèO½‹, ªê£ŸèO½‹ â¿¶«è£™ ðŸPòèõù‹, àí˜¾, CP¶‹ Þ™ô£ñ™ î£«ù â¿îŠð´Aø¶.

âù«õ “â¿¶ƒè£™ «è£™è£í£‚ è‡«í «ð£ôŠ”¹ôõ˜èœ èM¬î ªð£N»‹ «ð£¶ Þô‚èí‚ èõù‹ å¼è†´Šð£ì£è«õ£, º†´‚è†¬ìò£è«õ£ Þ¼Šð«î Þ™¬ô.ÞŠð®„ ªê£™õî£™ Þô‚èí‹ ò£¼‚° àœÀí˜M¡ÝöˆF™ ðFòM™¬ô«ò£, Üõ¼‚°‚ èM¬î â¿¶‹ î°FÞ™¬ô â¡ø£AMì£¶. Ýù£™ ÜŠð®Š ð†ìõ˜ ñóHô‚èí‹õ¿õ£ñ™ Þ¼‚è «õ‡´‹ âù ºò¡Á â¿Fù£™ Ü¶ï™ô èM¬îò£è Ü¬ñò£¶ â¡ð¶ àÁF. Üõ˜Þô‚èíˆ¬î å¶‚AM†´‚ è†´Šð£®¡P â¿¶õ«îªð£¼ˆî‹. ÜŠð®‚ è†´Šð£®¡P ªõOŠð´‹ èM¬î, è£ô‹èì‰¶ G¡Á, ð®Š«ð£¬ó â™ô£‹ î£¡ Hø‰î èíˆF¡ÜÂðõ„ Åö½‚°‚ èìˆF„ ªê¡ÁMì‚ Ã®ò àò˜‰îèM¬îò£è Ü¬ñòô£‹; ÜŠð® Þ™ô£ñ™, ÜšMî ÜÂðõ‚èìˆî™ ªêŒò Þòô£î à¬óò£è¾‹ Ü¬ñ‰¶Mìô£‹.ºîŸÃPòõ£Á Ü¶ ªõŸP ªðŸÁ G¬ôˆ¶M†ì£™, Üî¡ªõŸP‚è£ù è£óíƒèœ Ýó£òŠð†´, ï£÷¬ìM™, Ü¶«õå¼ ¹¶ ñó¹ «î£¡ø õN õ°‚°‹. ï£™õ¬èŠ ð£‚èÀœå¡ø£è«õ º¿õ¶‹ Ü¬ñòŠ ªðø£î ð£ì™èÀ‹ êƒèè£ôˆF«ô«ò è£íŠð†´Š ‘ðKð£ì™’ âùˆ ªî£°‚èŠð†ìõóô£Á ªîK‰î«î.

âù«õ ñó¹‚°‹ ¹¶¬ñ‚°‹ G¬ôˆî ºó‡ð£´ A¬ìò£¶.Þ¡¬øò ñ¼ñèœ ï£¬÷ò ñ£Iò£˜ â¡ð¶ «ð£ôˆî£¡.Þ¼‰î£½‹ Þ¡¬øò ¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚è‹ èM¬î‚°„ Cô¹Fò MK¾è¬÷ õ°ˆ¶‚ ªè£´ˆ¶œ÷¶ à‡¬ñ. ªõÁ‹ªê£Ÿªð¼‚è£Œ, â¶¬è&«ñ£¬ù‚ °Mòô£Œˆ, ¶Fè÷£Œ,Þ¼ªð£¼œ ªê£™ M¬÷ò£ì™è÷£Œ G¬ôî£›‰¶ «ð£J¼‰îèM¬î¬ò e‡´‹ î¬ôGIó„ ªêŒî ð£óF‚°Š H¡,Þ¡Â‹ bMóñ£è Þ‰î e†¹Š ðE¬ò„ ªêŒò «õ‡´‹â¡ø «õ†¬è»‹ «õèº‹ H„êÍ˜ˆF «ð£¡ø å¼ CôKì‹ªõOŠð†´Š ¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚èˆFŸ° à‡¬ñJ«ô«ò å¼


¹¶Šªð£L¾ ªè£´ˆîù.

“Ü¬ôð´ GöL™ H‹ð‹ ªîK»ñ£ñí™Ã‡®™ AOõ‰¶ ¸¬ö»ñ£àœ÷ˆF¡ «õ†¬è õ£˜ˆ¬îJ™ «î£µñ£Ý Ý¬ê Ü¬öˆî£™ «ð£¶ñ£Üöªè¡ù eù£æ¬êJ¡ É‡®L™ C‚°ñ£” (Å&20)

æ¬ê èì‰î èM¬î ð¬ì‚°‹ «õ†¬è¬ò æ¬êˆÉ‡®L™ C‚è ¬õˆ¶M†ì£˜ H„êÍ˜ˆF. ‘à¬û’ â¡øèM¬îJ™ H„êÍ˜ˆF‚° æ¬ê âŠð® àîM»œ÷¶â¡ð¬î‚ W› õ¼‹ õKèœ ªîO¾ ªêŒA¡øù.:

Aö‚ªè¡Â‹ ÜóƒèˆF™à¬û õ‰¶ G¡ø£œªê‹ð†´„ ê™ôì‹ªê£°ê£è à´ˆFªê‹ñô˜‚ Ã¬ì¬òÞ´ŠH™ Þ´‚Aêîƒ¬èèœ Cô‹ðW›õ£Q™ º¬÷ˆî£œ.” (Å&40)

¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚èˆF¡ ï™ô M¬÷¾èÀœ å¡Á,‘èM¬î Þò™’ ðŸPò ÝŒ¾ õ÷˜‰¶ MKòˆ ªî£ìƒAò¶.ã¡ èM¬îèœ â¿îŠðÁ¡øù? èM¬î‚°‹ èMëÂ‚°‹àœ÷ àø¾ âŠð®Šð†ì¶? èM¬î âŠð® ñŸøªõOŠð£´èOL¼‰¶ «õÁðÁø¶? ÞŠð®Šð†ì «èœMèœðóõô£è âöˆ ªî£ìƒA»œ÷ù. îI›ªñ£N¬òŠ ªð£Áˆîõ¬óÞ¶ å¼ ï™ô º¡«ùŸø‹ â¡«ø «î£¡ÁAø¶.

dQ‚v â¡ø ¹¬ùŠªðòK™ å¼õ˜ â¿F»œ÷ ÃŸÁC‰F‚èˆ î‚è¶:

“ªð£¶õ£è èM¬î Ü¶ â¿îŠð´õîŸ° º¡«ð èMëQ¡ñùC™ à¼ªõ´ˆ¶ MÁ¡ø¶. ÞŠð® à¼ªõ´‚AøèM¬î î¡¬ù ªõOŠð´ˆF‚ ªè£œ÷ õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ˆ«î® èMë¬ù U‹C‚Aø¶. èMë¡ õ¬îAø£¡. èM¬îŠªð£¼À‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‹ «ñ£¶A¡øù. ê‹ð£S‚A¡øù.Þí‚èºœ÷ õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ è£‰î‹ «ð£™ èM¬îŠ


ªð£¼À‚«èŸð õ‰¶ å†®‚ ªè££œA¡øù. Þí‚èñŸø¬õèN‰ªî£N‰¶ «ð£A¡øù. â…²õ¶ õKõ®õ‹ ªðÁAø¶.èM¬î ªõOŠð´Aø¶.” (ªê & 47&™ «ñŸ«è£œ)

å¼ èM¬îJ¡ ªî£ì‚èˆ¬î Ü™ô¶ HøŠ¬ðŠ ðŸPòÞ„C‰î¬ù¬ò å†® å¼ èM¬îJ¡ º®¾ ðŸP»‹ C‰F‚èŠð†´œ÷¶, ‘Ýˆñ£ï£‹’ â¡Á î¡¬ù Ü¬öˆ¶‚ªè£œÀ‹å¼õó£™:

“Þ‰î‚ èM¬î âŠð® º®»‹ âƒ° º®»‹ â¡Á ªîKò£¶.F†ìI†´ º®ò£¶ â¡ªøù‚°ˆ ªîK»‹. Þ¶ º®»‹ «ð£¶Þ¼‚°‹ (Þ¼‰î£™) ï£¡ Ýó‹ðˆF™ Þ¼‰îõ¡ î£ù£?”

(ªê£)

¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚èˆF™ ªð¼‹ðƒ° õAˆîõ˜èœ,õAŠðõ˜èœ ªð£¶¾¬ì¬ñ Þò‚èˆ «î£ö˜è«÷ â¡Áªê£¡ù£™ Ü¶ I¬èò£è£¶.

“Þó‰¶‹ àJ˜õ£›î™ «õ‡®¡ ðó‰¶ªè´è àôAòŸP ò£¡” (å&217)

âùˆ F¼õœÀõ˜ ªî£ìƒA,

“îQ å¼õÂ‚ °íM¬ôªòQ™üèˆF¬ù ÜNˆF´«õ£‹” (Ü&160)

âù ºöƒAò ð£óF õ¬ó, ðô îI›‚ èMë˜èœ ªð£¶à¬ì¬ñ Þò‚èˆFŸ° °ó™ ªè£´ˆF¼‚Aø£˜èœ.ð£óFî£êù£˜ IèMKõ£è ‘æìŠð˜’ ºîLò èM¬îèœ Íô‹ªð£¶ à¬ì¬ñ‚ è¼ˆîè¬÷ ºöƒA»œ÷£˜. ð†´‚«è£†¬ìè™ò£í²‰îó‹ âOò ï¬ìJ™, ÞQò îIN™ ªð£¶à¬ì¬ñ„ C‰î¬ùè¬÷Š ðô èM¬îèO™ ð£®»œ÷£˜.Þ¼‰î£½‹ ªð£¶ à¬ì¬ñ‚ è¼ˆîè÷£™ èõóŠð†ìâ‡íŸø Þ¬÷ë˜èœ Þô‚èí Ü„êI¡Pˆ îƒèœàí˜¾è¬÷ ªõOŠð´ˆîŠ ¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚èˆ¬î«ò ï£®õóˆ ªî£ìƒAù£˜èœ.

Þ¶õ¬ó ªê£™ôŠð†ìF™ Þ¼‰¶ ªîOõ£ù å¼ ÃŸÁ:èM¬î å¼ «è£K‚¬è; Ü¶¾‹, î¡ ÜÂðõˆF™ ñŸøõ¼‹ðƒ«èŸè‚ èMë¡ M´‚°‹ å¼ «è£K‚¬è; Ü¶¾‹,Þìˆî£½‹ è£ôˆî£½‹ îù‚° Iè¾‹ «ê‡¬ñ Ü™ô¶ªî£¬ô¾Š ð†ìõ˜‚°‚ èMë¡ M´‚°‹ «è£K‚¬è;Ü¶¾‹, ªõÁ‹ «è£K‚¬è Ü÷M™ G¡ÁMì£ñ™,


Ü‚«è£K‚¬è‚° Þíƒ°«õ£˜ î¡ ÜÂðõˆF™ Í›AˆF¬÷‚°ñ£Á ÜšõÂðõˆ¬î àJ«ó£†ìˆ¶ì¡ªñ£NŠ«ð¬öJ™ è£ôè£ôñ£èŠ ð£¶è£ˆ¶ ¬õˆF¼‚°‹ÜI›î ÍL¬è.

å¼ êºî£ò Þò‚èˆ¶‚°Š ¹¶‚èM¬îJ¡ àîM¬òï£®òõ˜èœ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ «è£K‚¬èî£¡ M´ˆîù˜. Ýù£™Ü‚«è£K‚¬èè÷£™ ªðKò ñ£ŸøƒèÀ‚° õN«è£ôÞòôM™¬ô. «è†ðõ¬ó Ü¬õ A÷˜‰ªîö„ ªêŒòM™¬ô.ã¡?

êºî£ò ñ£Ÿøˆ¶‚«è£, ªêòÖ‚èˆ¶‚«è£ ð£óFJ¡è‡í¡ ð£†´, °J™ ð£†´ «ð£¡ø èM¬îèœ ªðK¶‹ðò¡ðìM™¬ô. Ýù£™,

“M´î¬ô M´î¬ô M´î¬ôð¬øò¼‚°‹ Þƒ° bò˜¹¬ôò¼‚°‹ M´î¬ôðóõ«ó£´ °øõ¼‚°‹ñøõ¼‚°‹ M´î¬ô” (Ü&180)

«ð£¡ø àí˜„CÎ†´‹ ð£ì™èœ «è†«ì£¬ó»‹,ð®ˆ«î£¬ó»‹ A÷˜‰ªîö„ ªêŒîù â¡ø à‡¬ñ¬ò ò£¼‹ñÁŠðîŸA™¬ô.

¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚èˆF¡ êºî£ò àí˜¾‚ èM¬îèœàò˜‰î «è£K‚¬èè÷£ù£½‹ Ü¬õ ‘«è£K‚¬è’ â¡øÜ÷M«ô«ò G¡ÁM´A¡øù. î‚è àí˜„Cè¬÷ˆ É‡®„ªêòÖ‚è‹ î¼‹ ÍL¬èèœ ÜõŸÁœ Þ™¬ô. æKìˆF™bJ†ì¶‹ ðóðóªõ¡Á ðŸP‚ªè£‡´ bðó¾î™ «ð£™,Ü¿ˆîñ£ù àí˜„Cè¬÷ˆ É‡´‹ å¼ ð£ì™ ðŸP‚ªè£‡´ ðóõ«õ‡´‹, õ.«õ.². ªê£™õ¶«ð£™:

“èŸð¬ùèœ â¡Âªñ£¼ ê£†¬ìò®Þ™¬ôªòQ™èM¬îèœ ²ö¡Pì£î£ & ªï…C™ðŸPò¬õ ªê£™½ªñ£¼ ð£ƒèîQ «ôõKèœðŸPªò£O ïìIì£î£ & ¬èèœåŸPò¶ èŸÌó‹ àôóM™¬ô è‡ßó‹àœ÷IQ ªõOŠðì£î£ & è¼ºŸPò¶ ªï…ê Ü¬ø º†®ò¶ ªè£…êÞQºˆ¶ªñ£N õ‰Fì£î£” (å)


âOò îIN™, ªï¼ì£î ªê£Ÿè†«ì£´‹, æó÷¾ æ¬êÜ¬ñF«ò£´‹ Ü¬ñòŠ ªðÁ‹ ªõOŠð£´è«÷ ð®Š«ð£˜‚°Šð£ìñ£A, Ü¬îŠ ðô¼‹ «è†°ñ£Á Ü¬î„ ªê£™ô¾‹, ð£ì¾‹,âO¬ñò£è Þ¼‚°‹. ¹¶‚ èM¬îèO™ ªð¼‹ð£ô£ùõŸ¬øŠð£˜‚è£ñ™ G¬ùMŸªè£‡´ õ‰¶ ÜŠð®«ò ªê£™õ¶âOF™ ¬èÃ´õF™¬ô. âù«õ, Ëªô´ˆ¶Š ð®‚è‚Ã®òõ¬ó ñ†´«ñ Ü‰î ªõOŠð£´èœ î£‚è º®»‹.‘M´î¬ô M´î¬ô’ â¡ø ºö‚è‹ ªî¼ˆ ªî¼õ£èŠðóMò¬îŠ «ð£™ ‘¹¶‚èM¬î’ ªõOŠð£´èœ ðóõõ£ŒŠH™¬ô. âù«õ ÜõŸø£™ ªð¼‹ M¬÷¾è¬÷ ãŸð´ˆîº®òM™¬ô. èM¬î Þò™ ðŸP âˆî¬ù‚ è†´¬óèœâ¿îŠ ð†ì£½‹ Ü¬õ èM¬î ÜÂðõ„ ²¬õJ™ ð®Šðõ¬óÍ›è„ ªêŒò º®ò£¶. ÜŠð®„ ²¬õŠðîŸ° å¼õNè£†®ò£è «õ‡´ñ£ù£™ Ü‚è†´¬óèœ Ü¬ñòô£‹.Ýù£™ Ü‚è†´¬óèO™ â´ˆî£÷Šð´‹ àò˜‰î èM¬îõKè¬÷Š ð®‚°‹ «ð£¶ ÜÂðõ„ ²¬õ à‡ì£è‚ Ã´‹.¹¶‚èM¬îèœ è†´¬óèœ «ð£ôˆî£¡. ÜõŸP¡ «ï£‚èº‹Ý‚èº‹ Cø‰î¬õ«ò. Ýù£™ Ü¬õ àœÙ‚è‹ î¼‹ÝŸøL™ °¬ø‰î¬õ«ò.

Ã†®‚ èNˆ¶Š ð£˜ˆî£™, ¹¶‚èM¬î ðŸP„ Cô îŸè£Lèº®¾èÀ‚° õó º®Aø¶:

1. Þô‚AòˆFŸ°Š H¡ù£™ ¬èè†®‚ ªè£‡´õó«õ‡®ò Þô‚èí‹, º¡ù£™ õ‰¶ G¡Á ªè£‡´Þô‚Aòˆ¬î«ò Ió†ìˆ ªî£ìƒAò º¬øeø½‚°Š¹¶‚èM¬î æ˜ âF˜ŠHò‚èñ£èŠ Hø‰¶ õ÷˜‰î¶.

2. âF˜‚°‹ àí˜¾ I°Fò£™, Þô‚èí âF˜ŠH«ô«òÜFè èõù‹ ªê½ˆF, Ý‚è G¬ô àœk†¬ì‚«è£†¬ì M†´M†´, âF˜ñ¬ø »‚Fè÷£«ô«ò¹¶‚èM¬îèœ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ â¿îŠð†´ õ¼A¡øù.

3. ÜÂðõ‚ èíƒè¬÷ G¬ôªðø„ ªêŒ»‹ «ï£‚èˆFŸ°âOò ê£îùñ£èŠ ¹¶‚èM¬î Cô «ïó‹ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð†´ õ¼Aø¶. ÞŠð®Šð†ì èM¬îèœ Iè‚ °¬ø«õ.ÞõŸP¡ â‡E‚¬è õ÷ó‚Ã´‹. ÜŠªð£¿¶ÞõŸP¡ àœk´èÀ‹ ªõOŠð£†´ õ®õƒèÀ‹«ñ½‹ Ýó£òŠð†´Š ¹¶ñó¹ «î£¡ø õNHø‚èô£‹.


1959 ‘êóvõF’ â¡ø ÞîN¡ Ý‡´ ñôK™ è.ï£.².ªê£¡ù¬î åŠ¹‚ªè£œ÷ º®òM™¬ô; å¶‚Aˆ îœ÷¾‹º®òM™¬ô:

“îIN™ ¹¶‚èM¬îJ¡ ÜõCòˆ¬îŠ ðŸPò õ¬óJ™âù‚°„ ê‰«îè‹ Þ™¬ô. ñó¹‚ èM¬î ªêˆ¶M†ì¶.(Ü™ô¶ ªêˆ¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø¶. Þ¡Á èMèœ â¡Áñó¹‚èM¬î â¿î õ¼Aøõ˜èœ ªê£™ô´‚°Š ð£¬ìè†®‚ªè£‡ì Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ.) ¹¶‚èM¬î «î£¡P«òb¼‹. Ýù£™ Ü¶ â‰î à¼õ‹ â´‚è‹ â¡Á ÞŠ«ð£¶ò£¼‹ F†ìõ†ìñ£è„ ªê£™ô º®ò£¶.” (0&00)

º. «ñˆî£M¡ õKèœ:

“¬õè¬øŠ ªð£¿¶‚°õ£˜ˆ¬îˆ îõI¼‚°‹õ£¡‹ ð£®è«÷ & æõ£ù‹ ð£®è«÷Þ‰îÌI à¼‡¬ì¬òŠ¹ó†®Mì‚ Ã®òªï‹¹«è£™ èM¬î¬òàƒèO™ò£˜ð£ìŠ «ð£Al˜èœ” (“è‡a˜Š Ì‚èœ”: 17)

Þ‰î‚ «èœM Þ¡Áõ¬ó M¬ìòO‚èŠ ðì£ñ«ô«òÞ¼‚Aø¶. ¹¶‚èM¬îJ™ Þ¡Â‹ ÜŠð®Šð†ì ‘ªï‹¹«è£™èM¬î’ ð£ìŠðì«õ Þ™¬ô. ÞQ«òÂ‹ õ¼ñ£?è£ˆF¼‚èô£«ñ.

*************


èM¬îªòÂ‹ º‚Ãì™èM¬îªòÂ‹ º‚Ãì™èM¬îªòÂ‹ º‚Ãì™èM¬îªòÂ‹ º‚Ãì™èM¬îªòÂ‹ º‚Ãì™

ªîK‰î å¡¬ø‚ ªè£‡´ ªîKò£î å¡¬ø M÷‚°‹»‚F«ò àõ¬ñ.

“Üö°œ÷ ªð£¼¬÷ ñŸªø£¡ø¡ Üö«è£´åŠH†´‚ è£µ‹ Þ‰î àõ¬ñ«ò è¬ôèœðôõŸÁ‚°‹ Ü®Šð¬ìò£ù è¬ôò£°‹.” («ê & 239)

ÞŠð®, ì£‚ì˜ º. õóîó£êù£˜ â¿FJ¼‰î£½‹, àõ¬ñâ¡ð¶ Üö° ðŸPò »‚F ñ†´ñ¡Á. ÜöA¡¬ñ‚°‹, «õÁ¹ôŠð£´èÀ‚°‹, ¹ôŠð£ìŸø àí˜„CèÀ‚°‹ Ãì àõ¬ñàî¾Aø¶. Þîù£™ î£¡ ñ£ø¡ Üôƒè£óˆF¡ ºè¾¬ó„ªêŒ»œ W›õ¼ñ£Á ÃÁAø¶:

“àõ¬ñ â¡Â‹ îõô¼‹ ÃˆFð™õ¬è‚ «è£ô‹ ð£ƒ°øŠ ¹¬ù‰¶è£ŠHò ÜóƒA™ èMÂøˆ «î£¡Pò£ŠðP ¹ôõ˜ Þîò‹cŠðÁ ñA›„C ÌŠð ï®‚°«ñ.” («ê&23™«ñŸ«è£œ)

à¼õè‹, ð®ñ‹ «ð£¡ø ÜEèœ àõ¬ñJ™ Þ¼‰«îA¬÷ˆîù. ªî£™è£ŠHòˆF™ àõ¬ñ‚° å¼ îQ Þò™å¶‚èŠ ð†®¼‰¶‹, à¼õè‹, ð®ñ‹ ÝAò¬õ °P‚èŠðìM™¬ô. îŸ°PŠ«ðŸø ÜE‚°‹ àõ¬ñ«ò Ü®Šð¬ì.

ÜÂðõ‚ èíƒè¬÷ àJ˜Š¹ì¡ G¬ôªðø„ ªêŒõ«îèM¬îJ¡ «ï£‚è‹ â¡ðî£™, ÜîŸ° Iè¾‹ àî¾‹»‚Fè¬÷Š ðŸP M÷ƒA‚ ªè£œÀ‹ ºòŸC«ò Þ‚è†´¬ó.

Þó‡´ ªð£¼œèO¡ õ®õ åŸÁ¬ñ¬ò àõ¬ñò£™ªîO¾ ªêŒòô£‹. ð£˜¬õŠ ¹ôÂ‚° åŸÁ¬ñ Þ™ô£îÞó‡´ ªð£¼œèœ b‡´¹ôÂ‚«è£, «è†¹ôÂ‚«è£,¸è˜¹ôÂ‚«è£, ²¬õŠ¹ôÂ‚«è£ åŸÁ¬ñŠ ð†®¼‚èô£‹.ï¬è„²¬õ àí˜«õ£´ îIö£ê£¡ Cî‹ðó‹ ²õ£Iï£î¡Üõ˜èœ Þ†®L¬òŠ ðŸP â¿Fò å¼ ªõ‡ð£M™ õ¼‹õKèœ.

“ñFò‹«ð£™ ªõ‡¬ñ ñô¬óŠ«ð£™ ªñ¡¬ñªð£Fò ñ¬ôˆ îIN¡ î¡¬ñ....”


Þ‰î õKèO™ Þ†®L è†¹ôÂ‚° Gô¾«ð£½‹,b‡´¹ôÂ‚° ñô˜ «ð£½‹, ¹ô¡èÀ‚° ÜŠð£Ÿð†´«ïó®ò£è ÜèˆFŸ°„ ²¬õòOŠðF™ îI› «ð£ô¾‹Þ¼Šðî£è àõ¬ñèœ Ü´‚èŠ ð†´œ÷ù. ¹ôŠð£†¬ì‚èì‰î ÜÂðõƒè÷£½‹ Þ¼ «õÁ ªð£¼œèœ åŸÁ¬ñŠðìô£‹ â¡ð¶ ªîOõ£Aø¶.

e.ó£«ü‰FóÂ¬ìò å¼ èM¬î: (èù¾èœ + èŸð¬ùèœ= è£Aîƒèœ)

è£îL ¶JL™ Ý›‰îð®, ð´ˆF¼Šð¬îŠ ð£˜ˆ¶‚ è£îô¡ñ¬ôŠ¹ì¡ ÃÁõ¶ «ð£¡ø èM¬î:

“¹ó†CJ™ ñô˜‰î «ê£Mòˆ ÌIJ¡

Ã†´Š ð‡¬íè¬÷Š

ðìƒèO™ ð£˜ˆ¶ ñ¬ô‚°‹

æ˜ Þ‰Fò àöõ¬ùŠ «ð£™

MòŠð¬ìA¡«ø¡.

Ü‰î MòŠH™ Ý›‰îð®«ò

à¡¬ù â¿Šð£ñ™ GŸA«ø¡...

ÜŠð® â¿ŠHù£™

å¼ è™¬ô iCò¶‹

õK¬ê õK¬êò£Œ

Üñ˜‰F‚°‹

ðø¬õèœ CîPŠ

ðøŠð¬îŠ «ð£™

à¡¶J™ Üö°èœ

CîPŠ ðø‰¶ M´«ñ

â¡Á Ü…²A«ø¡”

¹ôŠð£†®Ÿ° âšMî åŠ¹¬ñ»‹ Þ™ô£î Þ¼«õÁªð£¼œèœ, Ü™ô¶ Gè›„Cèœ, ÜõŸ¬ø å¼õ¡ ¹ô¡¸è˜¾ ªêŒ»‹ «ð£¶ ÜõÂœ ãŸð´‹ ÜÂðõˆî£™ åŠ¹¬ñªðŸP¼‚èô£‹ â¡ø ¸†ðˆ¬î Þ‚èM¬î M÷‚°Aø¶.

àõ¬ñJ™ Þ¼‰¶ A¬÷ˆî¶ à¼õè‹ â¡Áªê£™ôŠð†ì¶. ‘Gô¾ «ð£¡ø ºè‹’ â¡Á àõ¬ñ æ˜àí˜„C «õèˆF™ ºèGôõ£è«õ à¼õA‚èŠð´Aø¶. Hø°‘ð®ñ‹’ â¡ªø£¼ õ÷˜„C ðŸP»‹ Þô‚AòˆFøù£Œõ£÷˜èœ «ðC»œ÷ù˜. «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì


e.ó£«ü‰Fó¡ èM¬îJ™ ¶ôƒ°‹ ÜE¬òŠ ð®ñ‹âùô£«ñ£? Þó£ñ. «õ. êˆFòº˜ˆF ÜŠð®ˆî£¡ ªê£™Aø£˜.

“èMë¡ å¼ ªð£¼¬÷‚ è£µ‹ «ð£¶ ÜõÂ‚°„ Côâ‡íƒèœ, àí˜„Cèœ ãŸð´A¡øù. ÜŠªð£¼¬÷ˆî¡ èM¬îJ™ ð¬ì‚A¡ø õ¬èJ™ èMë¡ Ü¬ì‰îâ‡íƒè¬÷, àí˜„Cè¬÷Š HóFðL‚è„ ªêŒA¡ø£¡.ÜŠHóFðLŠ«ð ð®ñ‹ âùŠð´‹.” (ªê÷)

à¼õè‹, ð®ñ‹ Þ¬õ«ð£™ ÝƒAô Þô‚AòˆF™ ‘Þ«ñx’Ü™ô¶ ‘Þ«ñüK’ â¡ø ÜE ðŸP ÝŒõ£÷˜èœ «ðC»œ÷ù˜.Þ«ñx â¡ð¬îŠ ð®ñ‹ âù‚ ªè£‡ì, ÝƒAô‚ èMë˜âvó£ ð¾‡† ªê£¡ù¬îˆ îIN™ ÞŠð®Š ¹K‰¶ªè£œ÷ô£‹.

“ÜP¾‹ àí˜¾‹ H¬í‰î å¼ ð¡¬ñ‚ Ã†ì¬ñŠ¬ð(Complex), å«ó ªï£®Š ªð£¿F™ ¸èóˆ î¼õ«î ð®ñ‹......

ÜŠð®Šð†ì å¼ Ã†ì¬ñŠ¬ð å«ó ªï£®J™¸è˜õî£«ô«ò å¼ F¯˜ M´î¬ô àí˜¾ ãŸð´Aø¶;è£ô, ªõO â™¬ôèOL¼‰¶ M´î¬ô ªðÁ‹ àí˜¾Ü¶; Iè„Cø‰î è¬ôŠ ð¬ìŠ¹èO¡ º¡Q¬ôJ™å¼ F¯˜ õ÷˜„C¬ò àí¼‹ ÜÂðõ‹ Ü¶.” (¬ê&4)

ÜÂðõ‚ èíƒè¬÷ G¬ô‚è„ ªêŒî«ô èM¬îJ¡«ï£‚è‹ â¡ð¬î âvó£ ð¾‡®¡ ÃŸÁ «ñ½‹ªîOõ£‚°Aø¶. ‘å«ó ªï£®Š ªð£¿¶’ â¡Á Üõ˜°PŠH´õ¶ ÜŠð®Šð†ì æ˜ ÜÂðõ‚ èíˆ¬î«ò. Ü¶ªõÁ‹ ÜP¾ ê£˜‰î ÜÂðõ«ñ£, Ü™ô¶ ªõÁ‹ àí˜¾ê£˜‰î ÜÂðõ«ñ£ Þ™¬ô â¡Á‹, Ü¶ ÜP¾‹ àí˜¾‹H¬í‰î å¼ Ã†ì¬ñŠ¹ â¡Á‹ Üõ˜ ªê£™Aø£˜.â´ˆ¶‚è£†´‚°ˆ F¼õœÀõKì«ñ ªê™«õ£‹:

“ï£¡ àøƒA‚ ªè£‡®¼‰î «ð£¶ Üõ¡ â¡ «î£œ«ñ™ Þ¼‰î£¡.”

“Hø°?”

“MNˆ¶‚ ªè£‡ì¾ì¡ ð£˜ˆî£™ â¡ ªï…²‚°œÞ¼‚Aø£¡.”

“æ! Éƒ°‹ «ð£¶ èù¾ è‡ì£Œ «ð£½‹. Ü‰î‚ èùM™Üõ¡ à¡ «î£œ «ñ™ Þ¼Šð¶«ð£™ «î£¡Pò¶ «ð£½‹...”


“GÁˆî®.. Ü¶ èù¾ Þ™¬ô. èùõ£è Þ¼‚è‚Ã´‹ â¡øäò‹ Ãì âù‚A™¬ô.”

“âŠð® ÜŠð® àÁFò£è„ ªê£™Aø£Œ?”

“ï£¡ MNˆ¶‚ ªè£œÀ‹ «ð£¶, Ü‰î ªï£®Šªð£¿F™,Üõ¡ â¡ «î£œ cƒA, ªï…²‚°œ M¬ó‰¶ ªê¡ø¬î...”

“ð£˜ˆî£ò£?” & (ã÷ù„ CKŠ¹)

“Þ™¬ô. ÜÂðMˆ«î¡.”

“ÜÂðMˆî£ò£?”

“Ý‹. c»‹ è£î™ õòŠð†´Š ð£˜. àù‚°‹ Ü‰î ÜÂðõ‹A†´‹.”

Ü¡Pó«õ «î£N‚°‹ Ü‰î ÜÂðõ‹ à‡ì£JŸÁ âŠð®?

“¶…²ƒè£™ «î£œ«ñô ó£A MN‚°ƒè£™ªï…êˆî˜ Ýõ˜ M¬ó‰¶.” (å&249)

ÜP¾‹ àí˜¾‹ âŠð®Š H¬í‰¶ æ˜ ÜÂðõ‚ èíˆ¬îG¬ôŠð´ˆ¶A¡øù! “Ýõ˜ M¬ó‰¶” â¡Á Þó‡´ªê£Ÿèœ ªêŒ»‹ ñ£ò‹ Ü¶. èùõ£AŠ «ð£J¼‚è «õ‡®òå¼ èíˆ¬î â¡ªø¡Á‹ G¬ùM™ G¬ô‚è ¬õˆî¬õ,‘Ýõ˜, M¬ó‰¶’ â¡ø Þó‡´ ªê£Ÿè«÷. ªõÁ‹ ÜP¾ê£˜‰î ÜÂðõñ£è ñ†´‹ Ü¶ Þ¼‰F¼‚è‚ Ã´«ñ£?º®ò£¶. MNŠ¹ G¬ôJ™ «î£¡Á‹ ÜÂðõƒè¬÷Š ð°ˆ¶ˆªî£°ˆ¶Š ð†®ò™ «ð£†´ ¬õ‚°‹ ÜPM¡ ê£îùƒèÀ‚°Þ‰î ÜÂðõ‹ ¹Kðì£î¶; ºóí£ù¶. Ü¶ ªõÁ‹ àí˜¾ê£˜‰î ÜÂðõñ£è ñ†´‹ Þ¼‰F¼‰î£™ ‘Ýõ˜, M¬ó‰¶’â¡ø Þò‚è„ ªê£ŸèO¡P Ü‰î ÜÂðõ‹ ªõÁ‹èùõ£è«õ «ð£J¼‚è‚ Ã´‹. Ü¶ ÜP¾‹ àí˜¾‹ H¡QŠH¬í‰î å¼ ð¡¬ñ‚ Ã†ì¬ñŠH¡ ÜÂðõ‹ Ýùî£«ô«òèM¬îJ™ G¬ôˆî¶. âvó£ ð¾‡¬ì»‹ î£‡® Þ¡Â‹å¼ ð® «ñ«ô ªê™ô «õ‡®»œ÷¶.

ÜèÞò‚èƒè¬÷ ÜPMòô£˜ Í¡Á Mîƒè÷£ŒŠð°ˆ¶œ÷ù˜. ÜP¾‹, àí˜¾‹ ÜõŸÁœ Þó‡´.Þ¡ªù£¡Á‹ Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þ‰î ÞìˆF™ ï‹ ªê£Ÿè†¬ìŠð¿¶ ð£˜ˆ¶„ ªêŠðQ†´‚ ªè£œ÷ «õ‡®ò è†ì£ò‹ãŸð†´œ÷¶. ¹ô¡è÷£™ è‡´, «è†´, à‡´, àJ˜ˆ¶,


àŸÁ ÜPîô£Aò àí˜¾è¬÷»‹, Üèˆ¶œ M¬÷»‹Þò‚èƒè÷£ù Cù‹, è£ñ‹, ã‚è‹, ió‹, ¶òó‹, ñA›„C«ð£¡ø àí˜„Cè¬÷»‹ «õÁð´ˆF‚ Ãø «õ‡®ò¶«î¬õò£Aø¶. º¡ ªê£¡ùõŸ¬ø àí˜¾èœ â¡Á‹, H¡ªê£¡ùõŸ¬ø àí˜„Cèœ â¡Á‹ Ü¬öŠðî£è å¼ º®¾ªêŒ¶ ªè£œ÷ô£‹. Þ‰î «ï£‚A¡ ð® Í¡Á Mîñ£ù ÜèÞò‚èƒèÀœ ÜP¾‹, àí˜„C»‹ Þó‡´ âùˆ ¶Eòô£‹.Í¡ø£õî£ù Üè Þò‚èˆ¬î ÝƒAôˆF™ ‘M™’ (Will)â¡Á‹, êñv‚¼îˆF™ ‘êƒè™ð‹’ â¡Á‹ õöƒ°Aø£˜èœ.îIN™ Ü¬î ‘Üè º¬ùŠ¹ â¡Á õöƒèô£‹. âvó£ ð¾‡†ÜP¾ & àí˜„C‚ Ã†ì¬ñŠ¹ â¡ø¬î º¿¬ñ ªðø„ªêŒò Ü¬î ‘ÜP¾ & àí˜„C & º¬ùŠ¹‚ Ã†ì¬ñŠð£‚è«õ‡®»œ÷¶. «ñ«ô ªê£¡ù °øO™ è£îô¡ «î£œ«ñL¼‰¶ ªï…²‚°œ M¬ó‰¶ ªê¡øî£è‚ è£îL ÃPò¶,ÜP¾‚ è‡«í£†ìˆF™ ð£˜ˆî£™ ªñŒ¬ñ‚°Š¹ø‹ð£ù¶î£¡. Ýù£™ è£îLJ¡ º¬ùŠ¹„ ê‚F«ò Ü‰îàí˜„C G¬ô‚ ÃŸÁ‚° àJ¼‹ à‡¬ñ»‹ ð£Œ„C, ÜP¾gFò£è¾‹ Ü¬î GÁõˆ ¶EAø¶. ªñŒ¬ñ ÜŸøî£AMì£îð®, Ü‚ÃŸ¬øˆ «î£œ, ªï…ê‹, ¶…²î™, MNˆî™â¡Á ªñŒ»ÁŠ¹è÷£½‹, ªñŒŠð£´è÷£½‹ ÜE ªêŒAø¶.ÞŠð® ‘àí˜„C & º¬ùŠ¹ & ÜP¾’ â¡ø º‚Ã†´„ê‚Fò£™ æ˜ ÜÂðõ‹ ‘Gè›Aø¶’; Gè›õ«î£´ ñ†´ñ¡P,ñŸø G™ô£ ÜÂðõƒèœ «ð£ô¡P, Ü¶ àJ¼œ÷ Gè›„CŠ«ð¬öò£è G¬ôªðŸÁ‹ M´Aø¶. ÜŠð®Š ð†ì ÜÂðõ«ñ,âvó£ ð¾‡† ªê£¡ù¶ «ð£™, ‘M´î¬ô ÜO‚èõ™ô¶;Þì‹, è£ô‹ ÝAò è†´èO™ Þ¼‰¶ M´î¬ôÜO‚èõ™ô¶; ªñŒ àÁŠ¹‚è÷£™ Ýù àìL¡ è÷â™¬ôèO™ Þ¼‰¶ M´î¬ô ÜO‚èõ™ô¶. ‘«î£œ’ â¡ð¶¹øˆ «î£ŸøˆF¡ °Pf´; ‘ªï…ê‹’ â¡ð¶ Üèˆ«î£ŸøˆF¡°Pf´; àøƒ°î½‹ MNˆî½‹ ¹ø & Üè Þò‚èƒèO¡è÷ â™¬ôèœ.

“àøƒ°õ¶ «ð£½‹ ê£‚è£´; àøƒAMNŠð¶ «ð£½‹ HøŠ¹” (å & 69)

‘«ñ™’ â¡ð¶ Þì‚°Pf´; ‘M¬ó‰¶’ â¡ð¶ è£ô‚ °Pf´.‘Ýõ˜’ â¡ð«î ÜÂðõ„ ªê£™. Ü¶«õ Þƒ° ñ‰Fó„ ªê£™;Gè›ˆF‚ è£†´‹ ÝŸø½¬ìò ªê£™. ‘Éƒ°‹ «ð£¶«î£œ«ñ™ Þ¼‰î£¡’ â¡ð¶ ÜÂðõ‚ ÃŸø£A Mìº®ò£¶.ãªù¡ø£™, “Éƒ°‹ «ð£¶ ã¶ ÜÂðõ‹?” â¡ø «èœM


â¿«ñ. MNˆî Hø° ªï…êˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø£¡ â¡ð¶ ÜèÜÂðõ‚ ÃŸø£è ñ†´‹ Þ¼‚èô£«ñ îMó ªñŒ¬ñ‚ ÃŸø£èº®ò£¶. Ýù£™ MN‚°‹ «ð£¶, Üî£õ¶ ‘àø‚è‹’ â¡øæ˜ â™¬ôJ™ Þ¼‰¶, MNˆî™ â¡ø ñŸ«ø£˜ â™¬ô‚°„ªê™½‹ Ü‰î‚ èí«ïó Þò‚èˆF™, Üõ¡ ªï…êˆî¡‘Ý°‹’ Þò‚è‹ Þ¬í‰¶ æ˜ à‡¬ñ ÜÂðõˆ¬îŠ¹ôŠð´ˆF G¬ôGÁˆ¶Aø¶ âùˆ ¶EõF™ â¡ù îõÁ?àõ¬ñ, àœÀ¬ø, Þ¬ø„C, ð®ñ‹: ÞõŸÁœ Þ‚°ø†èM¬î¬ò ÜEªêŒõ¶ â¶? ÞîŸ° â¡ù Þô‚èí‹ªê£™õ¶? âŠð®„ ªê£™õ¶? ªêŒF ªê£™ôŠ ðò¡ð´‹ªê£Ÿè÷£™ Ýùî£ Þ‚èM¬î? º¡«ð ªê£¡ù¶ «ð£™Gè›ˆF‚ è£†´‹ ñ‰Fó„ ªê£ŸèO¡ Ã†ì¡«ø£ Þ‚èM¬î!‘ÜÂðõ‚ èí‹’ â¡Á ªê£™ô÷M™ Þ¶õ¬ó ²†ìŠð†ìîŸ°ˆ î‚è æ˜ â´ˆ¶‚è£†ì£Œ, ÜÂðõñ£è«õÜ¬ñ‰F¼Šð¶ Þ‚°øœ.

ð£óîŠ «ð£K™ è‡í¬ùˆ î¡ ð‚è‹ ß˜‚°‹«ï£‚èˆ«î£´ ¶K«ò£îù¡ «îK™ ¶õ£ó¬è¬ò ªï¼ƒè,Ü‰ïèK¡ «è£†¬ì„ ²õK™ Þ¼‰î °Íèœ «î£Á‹ Ü¬ê‰¶ªè£‡®¼‰î ªè£®èœ, “c Þƒ«è õ‰¶‹ ðòQ™¬ô,¶K«ò£îù£ è‡í¡ ð£‡ìõ˜ ð‚è«ñ. c ã¡ õ¼Aø£Œ.«ð£ŒM´” â¡Á ¶K«ò£îù¬ùˆ î´‚°‹ ¬èè÷£èM™L¹ˆÉó£¼‚°Š ¹ôŠð†ì¬îˆ îŸ°PŠ«ðŸø‹ â¡Á ¹ôõ˜ÃÁõ˜:

“ß‡ć õKÂ‹ âƒèœâN½¬ì âNL õ‡í¡

ð£‡ìõ˜ îƒè†è™ô£™ð¬ìˆ¶¬íò£è ñ£†ì£¡

e‡´«ð£ ªè¡ªø¡ ø‰îMò¡ñFŸ °Í «î£Á‹

è£‡ì° ðî£¬è Ý¬ì‚¬èè÷£™ î´Šð «ð£¡ø.”

ªè£®è÷£Aò Ý¬ì ÜE‰¶ ªè£‡®¼‰î ¬èè÷£™Mò¡ñFŸ °Íèœ î´ˆîù âù‚ ªè£‡ì£™ âŠð®Šð†ìà¼õè‹ àJ«ó£´ â¿‰¶ è£†C î¼Aø¶! è£MòŠð£ˆFóƒè¬÷‚ è£ôˆî£™ º‰F„ ªê¡Á, Gèö Þ¼Šð¬îGè›‰¶ ªè£‡®¼ŠðF™ Þ¬íˆ¶„ ªê£™õ¶‹, Ü¬î‚


è£†Cò£è«õ ¹ôŠð´ˆ¶õ¶‹ èMëÂ¬ìò Üèº¬ùŠH¡i„ê™ôõ£? ÞF½‹ è£ôˆ î¬÷ à¬ìAø«î. Mò¡ñFŸ°´Ièœ ªè£®ò£¬ì ÜE‰î ¬èè«÷£´ â¿‰¶ GŸ°‹è£†Cò£™ ªñŒ¬ñJ¡ ÞÁ‚è‹ î÷˜‰¶, ‘Þì‹’ â¡øÞìKL¼‰¶‹ M´î¬ô A¬ì‚Aø«î!

¹¶‚èM¬î Þò‚èˆF¡ º¡«ù£®èÀœ å¼õó£è‚è¼îŠð´‹ ¬õˆbvõóQ¡ å¼ èM¬î.

“AíŸP™ M¿‰îGô¬õ WNøƒAˆ É‚AM´ï¬ù‰î ÜõÀì¬ô ï¿õ£ñ™ É‚AM´ñí‚°‹ ÜõÀì¬ô ñí™e¶ «î£òM´ï´ƒ°‹ åO»ì¬ô ï£í™ªè£‡´ «ð£˜ˆFM´è¬ô«ñ¾‹ Üõœ°ö¬ô‚ è£ŸP«ô «è£FM´Ü¬ô‚°‹ Üõœñ£˜¬ð Ü™L‚ªè£® Ü¬í‚èM´ñ¼‡ì ºè‹ªîOòˆ F¼ñ…êœ ÌCM´ßî¬ùˆ¶‹ ªêŒ¶M†´ Þîñ£ù èM¬îè÷£™åˆîìƒèœ ªè£´ˆ¶M´ àìªôƒ°‹ «î¡ÌCŠðˆFóñ£ŒŠ ªð‡Eõ¬÷ õ£¡º¬ùJ™ ªè£‡´M´Þ¼†´ M®»º¡«ù, Þó¾ º®»º¡«ùF¼w® èNˆîõ¬÷ˆ F¼ŠHòÂŠHM´.”

(â¿ˆ¶’ & 34 & 35 Þî›)

Þ‰î‚ èM¬îJ™ èMëK¡ Üèº¬ùŠ¹ ªê£™½Oªè£‡´ ªê¶‚°‹ à‡¬ñ, àJ˜ ªðŸÁMì, Üî¡º¡ªñŒ¬ñ âŠð® ñ¼‡´ «ð£Œ‚ ¬èè†®, å¶ƒA GŸAø¶!‘WNøƒAˆ É‚AM´’ â¡ø è†ì¬÷ æ˜ Þò‚è„ ªêò¬ô‚«è£¼õî¡ Íô‹ ªñŒ¬ñˆ ¶¬íJ¡P æ˜ à‡¬ñ¬òà¼õ£‚°Aø¶. “ªî¼ º¬ùJ™ ªè£‡´ «ð£Œ M†´õ£”â¡ð¶ «ð£™ “õ£¡ º¬ùJ™ ªè£‡´ M´’ â¡Á âOF™ªê£™LM´õî¡ Íôº‹ æ˜ ÜÂðõ Þò‚èˆ¬îò¡«ø£Þ‚èM¬î à‰¶Aø¶. F¼w® èNˆ¶ Üõ¬÷ˆ F¼ŠHÜÂŠHMì «õ‡´õî£™ Ü¡«ø£ Þ‚èM¬î à‰FM†ìÜÂðõ Þò‚è‹ àJ˜ªðŸÁ M´Aø¶!

ï. H„êÍ˜ˆFJ¡ èM¬î å¡Á:

“Þ¼œñ¬ôJ¡ ¬ñ‚°¬èJ™åOñ£´ æôIìèF˜‚è¡P¡ «ê£èåL


è´…C¬øJ™ è‹ñðKFªòÂ‹ ªð£¡ð¼‰¶ð£Œ„êL¡P‚ Aì‚èåO»‹ Þ¼À‹ èô‰¶ Ã®ïŸð£‹¹‹ ê£¬ó «ð£½‹H¡Q‚ è£ô‹ æìô£„².” (Å)

åOñ£´ è¡Á «ð£†®¼‚Aø¶. Ü¶î£¡ ‘èF˜’ Ü‰î‚‘èF˜’ â¡ð¶ èFóõ¡ Þ™¬ô. Ü¶ èFóõQ¡ Göô£ŒŠðì˜‰F¼‚°‹. ‘Ýô õ†ì‹’. èFóõ¡ ªð£¡ ð¼‰¶. èFóõ¡«õÁ åO «õÁ; ð¼‰¶ «õÁ ñ£´ «õÁ. ñ¬ô«ò Þ¼†´ÜF™ å¼ °¬è. Ü¶ ¬ñJ¼†´. Ü‰î ¬ñJ¼†´‚°œC‚A‚ªè£‡´ åOñ£´ æôI´Aø¶; è¡l¡ø è¬÷Š¹ «õÁ.è¡Á‚ èFK¡ «ê£è åL»‹ Ü‰î ¬ñJ¼†´„ C¬ø‚°œÞ¼‰î A÷‹H ÜºƒA M´Aø¶. èFóõ¡ ð¼‰¶î£¡.Ýù£™ ð£Œ„êL¡P‚ Aì‚Aø«î. ñ£†´‚°ˆî£«ù ð£Œ„ê™à‡´? ð¼‰¶ ðø‚°«ñ Ü¡PŠ ð£ò£«î? Ýù£™ åOð£»«ñ! “ð£»‹ åO c âù‚°” â¡Á ð£óF ð£®»œ÷£«ù!åO ñ£ì£, ð¼‰î£? ð¼‰¶‹ ñ£´‹ «õÁ«õP™¬ô«ò£?èFóõÂ‹ åO»‹ «õÁ«õÁ Þ™¬ô«ò£? ã¡ Þˆî¬ù‚°öŠð‹? Þ¼À‹ åO»‹ ê£¬ó»‹ ï™ôð£‹¹‹ H¡QŠ¹í˜õ¶ «ð£™ Þ¼‚°‹ Ü‰F‚ è£†C, “ñ£¬ô»‹ Þó¾‹ê‰F‚°‹ ÞìˆF¡ ñƒAò åO,” èMëÂ‚°œ ãŸð´ˆFòªñŒ¬ñ‚ °öŠðƒèœ ÜÂðõƒè÷£è„ ªê£ŸèO™ à¬ø‰¶«ð£Œ G¬ôˆ¶Mì‚, “è£ô‹ æìô£„²” â¡ø º´‚°ˆªî£ìó£™ à¬ø‰¶ «ð£ù ÜÂðõ‹ àJ˜ªðŸÁ‚ è£†Cî¼‹àò˜‰î èM¬îò£èŠ H„êÍ˜ˆFJ¡ «õ†¬è õ®ªõ´ˆ¶GŸAø¶.

‘îŸ°PŠ«ðŸø‹’ â¡ø »‚F¬ò‚ èì‰¶, ªõÁ‹°PŠð£ô¡P, ªñŒò£è«õ, î£«ù î¡ èM¬îJ™ ãŸø‹ªè£‡´ àò˜‰¶ GŸðõ¡ ð£óF. Ü¡¹, è¼¬í, Ü¼œâ¡ø ðó‰î Ý¡Iè «ï£‚A¡P Þ¶ Þòô£¶. Üõ¡ªîŒõˆFì‹ «è†ì õó‹ Ãì Mò‚èˆ î‚è¶; ò£¼‹ «è†èˆ¶Eò£î¶:

“«ðê£Š ªð£¼¬÷Š «ðê ï£¡ ¶E‰«î¡«è†è£ õóˆ¬î‚ «è†èï£¡ ¶E‰«î¡ñ‡e¶œ÷ ñ‚èœ ðø¬õèœMôƒ°èœ Ì„Cèœ ¹™Ì‡´ ñóƒèœ


ò£¾‹â¡ M¬ùò£™ Þ´‹¬ð b˜‰«îÞ¡ðºŸ ø¡¹ì¡ ÞíƒAõ£›‰ Fì«õªêŒî™ «õ‡´‹ «îõ «îõ£ë£ù£ è£êˆ¶ ï´«õ G¡Á ï£¡‘Ìñ‡ ìôˆF™ Ü¡¹‹ ªð£¬ø»‹M÷ƒ°è ¶¡ðº‹ I®¬ñ»‹ «ï£¾‹ê£¾‹ cƒA„ ê£˜‰îð™ àJªóô£‹Þ¡¹ŸÁ õ£›è’ â¡«ð¡ Þî¬ùcF¼„ªêM ªè£‡´ F¼¾÷‹ ÞóƒA‘Üƒé«ù ò£°è’ â¡ð£Œ äò«ùÞ‰ï£œ ÞŠªð£¿ ªîù‚Aš õóˆF¬ùÜ¼œõ£Œ.....” (Ü & 12, 13)

ñ‚èœ, ðø¬õèœ, Môƒ°èœ, Ì„Cèœ, ¹™, Ì‡´, ñóƒèœâù Ü¬ùˆFìº‹ Ü¡¹ ªê½ˆFòõ¡ ð£óF. Ü‰î Ü¡¹,è¼¬íŠ ªð¼‚è£Œ ñ£P, àJ˜‚Ã†ìªñ™ô£‹ Þì˜, ¶ò˜Þ¡P Þ¡¹ŸÁ, ÞíƒA õ£ö «õ‡´‹ â¡ø º¬ùŠð£èà¼ªõ´‚Aø¶. î¡ M¬ù, Üî£õ¶, î£¡ ð‚F ªêŒ¶‹,Ü¡¹ ªêŒ¶‹, èM¬î ð£®»‹ «ê˜ˆ¶ ¬õˆ¶œ÷ ï™M¬ù‚Ã†´ â¡ðî¡ ðòù£è Þ‰G¬ô M¬÷ò «õ‡´‹ â¡ð¶Üõ¡ «õ†¬è. Ü¶ ªñŒŠðì ‘«îõ«îõ¡’ Ü¼œ ªêŒò«õ‡´‹ â¡ð¶ Üõ¡ «õ‡´«è£œ. Þ‰î «õ†¬è»‹«õ‡´«è£À‹ î¼‹ M´î¬ô IèŠªðKò¶;è¬ôŠð¬ìŠ¹èO¡ º¡Q¬ôJ™ «î£¡Á‹ â¡ðî£è âvó£ð¾‡† ªê£¡ù F¯˜ õ÷˜„C¬ò MìŠ ð¡ñìƒ° ªðKòõ÷˜„C. “ñ‡e¶œ÷ ñ‚èœ, ðø¬õèœ...” â¡Á ªî£ìƒ°‹«ð£«î õó‹ «è†°‹ èMë¡ ñ‡e¶ Þ™ô£î àò˜G¬ô¬ò,«ñ™G¬ô¬ò‚ èM¬î °P‚Aø¶. ‘«îõ «îõ£’ âù Üõ¡MOˆ¶ õó‹ «è†ì¾ì¡ Þ‚°PŠ¹ «ñ½‹ ªîO¾ ªðÁAø¶.ñ‡eF™ô£î «ñ™ G¬ô ‘ë£ù Ýè£ê‹’ â¡«ø ²†ìŠð†´,õ£Q™ õ÷˜‰¶ GŸ°‹ º‡ì£²‚ èMëQ¡ «ð¼¼¬õ‚è£†CŠ ð´ˆ¶Aø¶. ÜŠð®Šð†ì «ð¼¼ âŒFò àì¡ ÜõÂ‹ªîŒõº‹ «õÁ«õP™ô£î Ý¡ñ å¼¬ñ G¬ô ÃìŠªðŸøõù£è.

‘Ìñ‡ìôˆF™ Ü¡¹,ªð£Á¬ñ M÷ƒ°õî£°è.¶¡ð‹, Ü„ê‹, «ï£¾,ê£¾ Þ¬õªò™ô£‹


Þ¡P â™ô£ àJ˜‚Ã†ìº‹Þ¡¹ŸÁ õ£›õî£°è!’

â¡Á ð£óFJ¡ «ð¼¼«õ Ü¼†ªê£™ ÃP àô°‚° õó‹îó,Ü¶ ‘G¬ø«õÁõî£°è’ (“îî£v¶”) â¡Á «îõ«îõ¡ªñŒŠH‚è «õ‡´‹ â¡ø ð£óFJ¡ «è£K‚¬è ò£ó£½‹«è†èŠðì£î¶. Ü¶¾‹ Ü‰î‚ èí«ñ (“Þ‰ï£œ ÞŠªð£¿¶”)Ü¶ Gèö «õ‡´‹ â¡ø «õ†¬è¬ò ªõOJ´Aø£¡ ð£óF.îù‚è£è«õ èì¾¬÷ˆ ¶F‚°‹ ð‚îÂ‚°‚ èì¾œ «ð¼¼â´ˆ¶‚ è£†C î‰î£˜ â¡ø è¬îèœ «è†´œ«÷£‹.Hø˜‚è£è àôè¬ùˆ¶‹ õ£ö‚ èì¾¬÷ «õ‡´‹ ð£óF«ò£î£«ù «ð¼¼ â´ˆ¶ G¡Á î£«ù àô°‚° Ü¼œ õöƒAÜ¬î ªñŒŠH‚è «õ‡´‹ â¡ø M‡íŠðˆ¬î å¼«è£K‚¬è «ð£™ «îõ«îõ¡ º¡ ¬õ‚°‹ Þ‚èM¬îJ™«õ†¬è»‹ ÜÂðõº‹ H¬í‰¶ è£†Cò£A, æ˜ ÜÂðõ‚èíñ£Œ, â™ô£ àJ˜‚°‹ ï™ô¶ ªêŒò õó‹ î¼‹ ñ‰Fó„ªê£™ô£Œ àJ˜ªðŸÁ G¬ôˆ¶ M´A¡øù. Ü«î «õ†¬èï‹ºœ æƒAù£™ Ü«î ÜÂðõ‹ ïñ‚°‹ A†´‹. Þ‰î‚èM¬î å¼õÂ‚° ÜÂðõñ£ù£™ Ü«î «õ†¬è ÜõÂœàJ˜ˆªî¿‹.

èM¬î ÜEèO™ Þ™¬ô; èŸð¬ùJ™ Þ™¬ô.àí˜„C»‹, ÜP¾‹, Üèº¬ùŠ¹‹ Ýù º¿¬ñ»‹ å¼Iˆîº‚ÃìL™ M¬÷õ¶ Ü¶. àôè¬ùˆ¬î»‹ å¼ ¹œOJ™å´‚°‹ àœª÷£´‚è‹ Ü™ô¶ ˆò£ù‹ «ð£™, è£ô MK¬õå¼ ªï£®Š ªð£¿ªî¡Â‹ CI¿‚°œ å´‚°‹ ÜÂðõ‹Ü¶. àò˜‰î G¬ôèO™ ñý£èMèœ îƒè¬÷«ò îƒèœèM¬îèO™ ÜÂðõñ£‚A Þøõ£G¬ô ªðÁAø£˜èœ. ð£óFÞîŸ°„ ê£¡Á.

***********************


èM¬î»‹ ï£Â‹èM¬î»‹ ï£Â‹èM¬î»‹ ï£Â‹èM¬î»‹ ï£Â‹èM¬î»‹ ï£Â‹

èèèèèM¬î»‹ â¡ õ£›¾‹ «õÁ«õø™ô. â¡ èM¬î õóô£«øâ¡ õóô£Á. 1965 ºî™ ðˆî£‡´èœ ï£¡ â¿Fò¬õªî£¬ô‰¶M†ìù. ÜõŸÁœ ªêŒ»œ õ®õ ï£ìèƒèœï£¡°‹, Þ¼ËŸÁ‚°‹ «ñŸð†ì Þ¬êŠ ð£ì™èÀ‹,ÜóƒèƒèÀ‚è£è„ ªêŒòŠð†ì ðô ªêŒ»œ õ¬èèÀ‹Üì‚è‹. ºî¡ºîô£èŠ «ðóóê¡ Ü«ê£èQ¡ õóô£ŸÁï£ìèˆ¬î ï£¡ ªêŒ»œ õ®M™ ªêŒî «ð£¶, ðˆ¶ ï£†èœ,Fù‹ æK¼ ñEˆ¶Oèœ âù‚è£è å¶‚A, Ü‰ï£ìèˆF¡åšªõ£¼ ªêŒ»¬÷»‹ ð®ˆ¶ˆ F¼ˆî «õ‡®ò ÞìƒèO™F¼ˆFŠ ð£ó£†ì «õ‡®ò ÞìƒèO™ ð£ó£†®, Þ¬ì Þ¬ì«òêƒè Þô‚AòƒèO™ Þ¼‰¶‹ ð£óFî£ê¡èM¬îèOL¼‰¶‹ åŠ¹¬ñ è£†® àí˜ˆFò îIö£ê£¡°Š¹ê£I Üõ˜è¬÷ ªïA›„C»ì¡ G¬ù¾ Ã˜A«ø¡.

ï£¡ ðJ¡ø ê£¡«î£‹ àò˜G¬ôŠ ðœO¬ò»‹ ¹ôõ˜Cî‹ðó‹ ²õ£Iï£î¡, °Š¹ê£I àœO†ì Ü¡¹¬ìò ÝCKòŠªð¼ñ‚è¬÷»‹ HKò «ïó‹ õ‰î «ð£¶ â¿Fò ªõ‡ð£M¡è¬ìC ßó®èœ Þ¡Â‹ â¡ ªï…C™ ð²¬ñò£è àœ÷ù.

“è™MâÂ‹ Y«ó‰F‚ è‡èO«ô c«ó‰F„ªê™A¡«ø£‹ «êM‚A¡ «ø£‹.” (è&1968)

ðœOŠ ð¼õˆF™ “C‰î¬ù‚ «è£†ì‹” â¡ø Þò‚èˆ¬îï‡ð˜è«÷£´ Þ¬í‰¶ GÁM Üî¡ Íô‹ ã«î«î£ ê£F‚èŠ«ð£õ¶ «ð£¡ø ð£õ¬ùJ™ â¿Fò ðô ð£‚èÀœ å¡ÁG¬ù¾‚° õ¼Aø¶.

“¹øŠð†´ M†«ì£‹ ÞŠ¹Me ªîƒ°‹¹ˆ¶í˜¬õŠ ¹è†®ì«õ Þîù£™ âƒèœ¹ø‹ð†´Š «ð£ù£½‹ Üè‹ðì£ñ™¹¡¬ñò˜î‹ Å›„CèÀ‚ èèŠðì£ñ™îó‹ð†´Š «ð£ŒM†ì îóE õ£›¬õˆî¬ö‚è¬õŠ«ð£‹ ë£ùªñÂ‹ ï™ë£JŸP¡èó‹ð†´‚ è†ìMö‚ è£ˆF¼‚°‹èñôŠÌƒ è†´è«÷ èõ¬ô «õ‡ì£‹.” (è&1967)


«ñ«ô àœ÷ M¼ˆîˆF¡ è¬ìC õKJ™ ‘è¼¬í»œ÷Ü¼‹¹è«÷ èõ¬ô «õ‡ì£‹’ âù ï£¡ â¿FJ¼‰î¶,‘è¼¬í»œ÷ Ü¼‹¹èœ’ âù¾‹, ‘è¼¬í àœ÷ƒè÷£AòÜ¼‹¹èœ’ âù¾‹ Þ¼ªð£¼œðì Ü¬ñ‰¶M†ì¬î â‡Eï£¡ ñA›‰F¼‰î «ð£¶, â¡ Ýê£¡ ²õ£Iï£î¡ Ü¬î‘èñôŠÌƒ è†´è«÷’ âù ñ£ŸPˆ î‰î¶‹, Üî¡ Hø°Ü¬îŠð®‚°‹ «ð£¶ Ü‹ñ£Ÿøˆî£™ ãŸø‹ ªðŸÁ ÜšõKGI˜‰¶ G¡ø¬î ï£¡ àí˜‰¶ ªè£‡ì¶‹, Þ¡Á‹ â¡ñùˆF™ Göô£´A¡øù.

ï£¡ è£î™ õNJ™ è£™ðFˆî «ð£¶,

“è‹ð¡ õ‰¶ èî¬õ Þ®‚Aø£¡õ£ˆvò£ òù«ù£ õ‹¹‚ A¿‚Aø£¡Üê‰î˜Šð ñ£è ÜõêóŠ ð†´õê‰î‹ õ‰ªî¬ù õó«õŸA¡ø¶” (è & 1971)

â¡Á â¿Fò õKèœ Þ¡Â‹ G¬ùM™ àœ÷ù.

“cõó «õ‡ì£‹ ï£¡ õ¼A¡«ø¡«ïó‹ èì‰î£™ «ïŸ¬øò è¬îî£¡” (è & 1971)

â¡Á è£îL‚° â¿Fò ñì™ G¬ù¾‚° õ¼Aø¶.

“«ê£èˆF™ Þ¬öA¡ø Þ¬ê¬òŠ «ð£ôªê£ŠðùˆF™ Þ¬öˆF†ì ªð£¿¬îŠ «ð£ô«ñèˆF™ «î£¡ÁAø õ®õ‹ «ð£ô«ñ™õ‡í‹ Þ™ô£î ãè£‰îˆF™«ñ£èˆb ªè£ÀîFòF™ Í›A Í›Aºˆîñ¬ö ªð£NA¡ø Þ¼õ˜ è£ñò£èˆF™ àí˜A¡ø Þ¡ðªñ™ô£‹ò£¼‚°‹ ¹Kò£î M‰¬îò¡«ø£” (è&1971)

Þšõ£Á æ˜ Þ¡ð ÜÂðõˆ¶‚°„ «ê£èˆ¬î àõ¬ñò£èˆªî£ìƒAò ºó‡ð£´ Þ¡Á‹ ÞQ¬ñ ðò‚Aø¶.

ðœO ïìù ï£ìèƒèÀ‚°Š ð£ì™èœ â¿F Þ¬êŠð£ì™èœ õ¬ó»‹ ð£ƒA™ ðJŸC ªðŸ«ø¡. “â¡ àJ¬ó‚«è†A¡ø£Œ â¡ù ªêŒ«õ¡” âù îêóî¡ ¬è«èJJì‹ð£®M†´ àJ˜ cˆî è£†CJ™, Ü‰î ï£ìèˆF™ ï®ˆîðœO„Cø£˜èÀ‹, Ü¬îŠ ð£˜ˆ¶‚ ªè£‡®¼‰îªðK«ò£˜èÀ‹ è‡èôƒAò¬î‚ è‡´ ªïA›‰«î¡.


Þó‡´ Ý‡´èœ ì£‚ì˜ Üš¬õ ïìó£ê¡ Üõ˜è«÷£´ªï¼‚èñ£èŠ ðöAò «ð£¶‹, Üõ˜ Íô‹ ÜPë˜ ªð¼ñ‚èœðô«ó£´ ðöè õ£ŒŠ¹ ãŸð†ì «ð£¶‹, èM¬îJ¡ ð™«õÁ¸†ðƒè¬÷Š ðJ¡«ø¡. ÜŠ«ð£¶ Cô ï£†èœ ï£¡ ïìó£ê¡Üõ˜è¬÷„ ê‰F‚è º®ò£ñ™ «ð£ù¶. âƒèœ ï†¬ð å¼Cô˜ °¬øÃPòî£™ î£¡ ï£¡ ê‰F‚èM™¬ô«ò£ âùÜõ˜ G¬ùˆ¶M†ì£˜. å¼ ï£œ Üõ˜ «ðCò å¼Ã†ìˆFŸ° ï£¡ ªê¡«ø¡. «ñ¬ìJL¼‰î ÜõKì‹ Þ¼‰¶å¼ Y†´‚ èM¬î â¡¬ùˆ «î® õ‰î¶.

“áó£˜ Üô¼¬ó‚è‚ «è†´ & càœ÷‹ ªõ¶Š¹øô£ñ£ò£ó£˜ â¶ªê£¡ù «ð£¶‹ò£ö£ ºö«õ£´ «ñ£¶‹”

è£ôˆî£™ ÜNò£î õKèœ Þ¡Á‹ â¡¬ù‚ è‡ðQ‚è„ªêŒA¡øù. ïìó£ê¡ Üõ˜èœ G¬øò èM¬îèœâ¿î£îîŸ° â¡ù è£óí‹ â¡Á âù‚° Þ¡Â‹M÷ƒèM™¬ô.

F¼ñíˆFŸ°Š Hø° Côï£†èœ èM¬î â¡¬ù ÜFè‹ªï¼ƒèM™¬ô. ï£¡ â‹. ã. â‹. çH™, ®.è£‹ â¡Á è™MŠð†ìƒè¬÷ Ü´‚A‚ ªè£œõF«ô«ò ï£†ìñ£è Þ¼‰«î¡.Þ¼‰î£½‹ èM¬î ÜšõŠ«ð£¶ àøõ£®ò¶.

“âù‚ªè£¼ º®¬õ âF˜ð£˜‚A¡«ø¡”

âùˆ ªî£ìƒA

“º®‰¶ «ð£õî£ º®¾ «õÁº®ªõ´‚èˆî£¡ ºò¡Á ð£˜‚A«ø¡” (è & 1974)

âù º®»‹ èM¬î, à¬ø‰¶ «ð£ù â¡ àí˜¾G¬ô¬ò‚è£†®ò¶. Cô êñòƒèO™ ï¬ìˆ ¶œ÷«ô£´‹ èM¬îèœõ‰îù.

“èŸð¬ùJ™ è£Ö¡P èèùˆ¬î Ýó£»‹èù¾ õ£›‚¬è & Þ¡ð‹GŸðF™¬ô â¡ø£½‹ Gè›õîŸ°‚ è£óíñ£ŒÜ¬ñ‰î «ñ¬ì” (è & 1975)

â¡Á ï‹H‚¬è á†®ò õKèÀ‹ ÜšõŠ«ð£¶ ñô˜‰îù.


“â¡àœ÷‚ èî¬õ ªñ™ôˆ Fø‰¶ & ï£¡àŸÁŠ ð£˜‚A«ø¡à¼ˆªîKò£ñ™ ï£¡î£¡ Üƒ«èàF˜‰¶ Aì‚A«ø¡.................................................” (è&1977)

Þ¬õ â¡¬ù ï£«ù à½‚A‚ ªè£‡´ â¿‰î õKèœ.

óñíÂ‹, õ.«õ.²¾‹, ²Š¹¾‹, «û£ðù£¾‹, ï£Â‹ & å¼èM¬î õ†ì‹ à¼õ£JŸÁ. óñí¡ èM¬î ªê£™ô, Ü¬î‚«è†´ ï£ƒèœ C¬ôò£A c‡ì «ïó‹ ªñ÷ùˆF™ Ý›‰F¼‰îï£†èœ G¬ù¾‚° õ¼A¡øù.

“è†ìM›‰î è£†ì£ŸÁ ªõœ÷ñ£è & ªñˆî‚èŸøõ˜‚°‹ è£™î´‚°‹ ðœ÷ñ£èº†ìº†ì º¬ö‚A¡ø ð£¬øò£è & âƒ«è£ºµºµˆ¶‚ ªè£™½A¡ø «î¬óò£èæìæì„ êK»‹ ªî£´õ£ù£èà‰î à‰î Mô°‹ Gôõ£èŠð£ìŠ ð£ìŠ ðEò ñÁ‚°‹ðóõê‹ ÜFêò‹ ªð£Œ âƒèœ ðó£ê‚F” (®)

ð£óFJ¡ èMî£ ñ‡ìôˆF™ î£êù£è Üñ˜‰F¼‰¶ð£óF èM¬î ªê£¡ù¬î‚ «è†ì¶ «ð£L¼‰î¶, óñí¡èM¬î ªê£¡ù¶‹. ï£¡ à¬ø‰¶ «ð£Œ à†è£˜‰F¼‰î¶‹!

“Þ¬ñ õ£êL¡ æóˆF«ô & ã«ù£ºˆ¶‚èœ ðQ‚A¡øù” (æ)

èaªó¡ø °óL™ õ.«õ.² ÜI˜îõ˜SQ ð£®‚ªè£‡«ìvÃ†ì˜ æ†ì, ï£¡ H¡ù£™ Üñ˜‰îð®, Þ¬êJ™ ôJˆîð®,âŠð®‚ W«ö Mö£ñ™ «ð£«ù¡!

“ÃŠHò ¬èèœ ÃŠHò ð®«ò°Š¹ø i›‰îù¡ è£O & ÞQãŸð¶‹ c«ò ãŒŠð¶‹ c«òâŠð®«ò£ ªêŒ è£O.”

(²Š¹ & ªõOJìŠðì£î¶)

²Š¹M¡ èM¬î «õèˆF™ ï£¡ êó‡ Ü¬ì‰«î¡.


1978&‹ Ý‡´ å¼ ¹¿‚èñ£ù, «ñè Í†ì‹ ªêP‰î,ñ£¬ô»‹ Þó¾‹ ê‰Fˆî «ïó‹; Cô õ£óƒè÷£è‚ èM¬îâ¿î£î ã‚è‹ ñùˆF½‹ ¹¿‚èˆ¬î ãŸð´ˆFò¶.¹¿‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ M´ðì‚ °Oòô¬ø‚°œ ªê¡Á É¾°ö£¬òˆ (ûõ˜) Fø‰«î¡. c˜ MöM™¬ô. cªó¿Š¹Þò‰Fóˆ¬îŠ «ð£ì„ ªê£™L‚ ÃM«ù¡. c˜ î¬ôJ™Mö ªï´«ïó‹ è£ˆF¼‰¶, ÜŠð®«ò G¡«ø¡. b®ªó¡Áå¼ °O˜‰î è£ŸÁ â¡ ¹¿‚èˆ¬î M¬ìªðø„ ªêŒî¶.ªõO«ò ñ¬ö ªð£Nòˆ ªî£ìƒAò¬î àí˜‰«î¡. Ü«îèí‹, É¾°ö£JL¼‰¶ â¡ î¬ôe¶ c˜ˆ¶Oèœ åšªõ£¼ªê£†ì£è Mö, â¡ ªï…²‚°œ Þ¼‰¶‹ ¹¿‚è‹ M¬ìªðŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì¶.

“â¡ªù¡ù «êFèœ ªê£™õîŸè£èñ‡µ‚AøƒAõ‰î£Œ ñ¬öˆ¶O«ò.

I¡ùL¡ i„C«ô «ñèƒèœ ¶õœA¡øÞ¡ù¬ô„ ªê£™õîŸ«è£ ÞøƒAõ‰î£ŒM‡e¡èœ â™ô£‹ è‡ªð£ˆF M¬÷ò£´‹MòŠH¬ù„ ªê£™õîŸ«è£ M¬ó‰¶ õ‰î£Œ

ñ‡µ‚°œ «÷ªê¡Á ñó‹ªê® ªè£®ò£Añô˜õîŸ«è£ c Þƒ° õ‰î£Œ & â¡ð‡µ‚°œ «÷¸¬ö‰¶ ð£˜ˆFìˆ î£«ù£É¶õ¡ «ð£™ ï®ˆ¶Š ðø‰¶õ‰î£Œ

â¡ªù¡ù «êFèœ ªê£™õîŸ è£èñ‡µ‚ AøƒA õ‰î£Œ ñ¬öˆ¶O«ò” (è&1978)

ñôýK ó£èˆF™ H¡ùE Þ¬êŠªð¼‚«è£´ å¼º¿Šð£ì™ å«ó èíˆF™ & å«ó èí‹ î£¡ & ñùˆF™â¿‰¶ ÜìƒAò¶. Mò‰«î¡. Ü¶õ¬ó å¡ø¡H¡ å¡ø£èõKèœ àF‚è, àF‚è‚ èM¬îèœ â¿F»œ«÷¡. å¼ º¿‚èM¬î ÜŠð®«ò å¼ º¿Gô¾«ð£™ & Ü¶¾‹ Þ¬ê«ò£´‹Þ¬ê‚è¼M åLè«÷£´‹ & ñô˜‰î ºî™ ÜÂðõ‹ Ü¶.°Oòô¬ø¬ò M†´ ªõO«ò õ‰î¶‹ ÞŠð£ì¬ô â¿F¬õ‚èô£‹ â¡Á ãªì´ˆî£™, «õªø£¼ èM¬î ÜŠð®«òº¿¬ñò£è â¡ ªï…C™ A÷˜‰ªî¿‰¶ ã†®™ Þì‹ H®ˆ¶‚ªè£‡ì¶. Ü¶:


“ñ‡°OóŠ ªð£N‰îñ¬öñù‹ °OóŠ Hø‰î Þ¬êñA›„C«ò£ ñA›„C â¡ÁÃˆî£´‹ èM¬îï¬ì

â¡ùõ®õ‹ â´Šðªî¡ÁªîKò£ñ™â‡íˆ ÉK¬èJ™ å¼õ‡í‚ èô¬õ¶®ˆ¶‚ ªè£‡®¼‚è„êôù I¡ù™ ªîP‚èêƒWî õ£ùˆF™ âƒ«è£ Þ®Þ®‚èàôèŠ ð²¬ñJ«ô à†è£˜‰î ð®â¡àí˜¾èœ á…êô£ìàœÀ‹ ¹øº‹ å¡¬øªò£¡Áî¿M‚ ªè£‡´ î´ñ£øˆîQ¬ñŠ ¹ò½‹ à¼õ£è„ê«óªôùŠ ð£Œ„ê½ì¡ñ‡°OóŠ ªð£N‰î ñ¬ö ñù‹°OóŠ Hø‰î Þ¬êñA›„C«ò£ ñA›„C â¡Á Ãˆî£´‹ èM¬î ï¬ì”

(è&1978)

èM¬î, ‘ï£¡’ â¿¶õî£è â‡E‚ ªè£‡®¼‰îÞÁñ£Š¹ îM´ªð£®ò£ù¶. èM¬îèœ â¡Âœ º¿¬ñò£èñô˜‰¶, CKˆ¶, “ñƒAò«î£˜ GôMQ«ô” ð£óF è‡ì èù¾«ð£™ âù‚°‚ è£†Cè÷£°‹ MòŠ¬ð àí˜‰«î¡.

1980 å¼ ï£œ M®òŸªð£¿¶ ªñ£†¬ì ñ£®J™ îQ¬ñJ™Üñ˜‰F¼‰«î¡. Þ¡Â‹ Þ¼†´ cƒAò ð£®™¬ô. â¡ñùˆ¶‚°œ ã«î£ Þù‹ ¹Kò£î å¼ ²¬ñ. F¯ªó¡ÁW›õ£ùˆF™ ªê‹¬ñ„ ²ìó£èŠ ðKF º¬÷ˆî¶. Ü«îèíˆF™ â¡ ÜèˆF½‹ å¼ º¿¬ñò£ù èM¬îŠ ðKFñô˜‰î¶. Ü¬î ÜŠªð£¿«î, ÜŠð®«ò, àó‚è‚ ÃMŠð®ˆ«î¡, ñù ã†®L¼‰¶î£¡.

“Þ¶î£¡ êñò‹ Þîò‹ Fø‚èÞ¼MNèO½‹ bŠªð£P ðø‚èŠð£®‚ ªè£‡«ì æ¬êJö‚èàîò‹ â¡ø ªðòK™ Þƒ«è


HìK CL˜ˆªî£¼ CƒèŠ ðø¬õHø‰¶M†ì¶ð£˜CîP‚Aì‰î CÁM‡e¡èœæ® åO‰îùð£˜¹¶¬ñ ªõœ÷‹ ¹ùô£õ¶ð£˜.¹¬î‰¶Aì‚°‹ G¬ù¾‚°œ«÷îƒè„ Åô‹ ¬îŠðîù£«ôîèîè ªõùªõ£¼ èùô£õ¶ð£˜¹¶¬ñ ªõœ÷‹ ¹ùô£õ¶ð£˜

àŸÁŠ ð£˜ å¼ èí«ñ «ð£¶‹ªõ†ì ªõO»‹ ðŸP âK»‹¹ó‡´ ð´‚°‹ ÌIˆ î£Œ‚°Š¹Fò èù¾èœ «î£¡Á‹ «ïó‹àŸÁŠð£˜ å¼ èí«ñ «ð£¶‹ªõ†ì ªõO»‹ ðŸP âK»‹

¹ôóŠ «ð£°‹ ªð£¿¶‚°œ«÷¹°‰¶ ð£˜ˆ¶M´ & c²ñ‰F¼‚°‹ «ü£F¬ò Üƒ«èªè£‡´ «ê˜ˆ¶M´ & º®‰î£™c«ò Þƒªè£¼ è£¬ôŠ ªð£¿î£Œc‡´ ð´ˆ¶M´c«ò Þƒ° Gó‰îó ñ£AÞ¼†¬ìˆ î´ˆîM´.

Þ¶î£¡ êñò‹ Þîò‹ Fø‚èÞ¼MN èO½‹ bŠªð£P ðø‚èŠð£®‚ ªè£‡«ì æ¬êJö‚è...ð£®‚ ªè£‡«ì æ¬êJö‚è..ð£®‚ªè£‡«ì æ¬êJö‚è...’ (è&1980)

âù‚° º¡ å¼ Gö™ ªîK‰î¶. F¼‹H«ù¡. â¡ ï‡ð¡è‡í¡! âù‚° ï£«ù àó‚èŠ «ðC‚ªè£‡´ ï£¡¬èè¬÷ Ý†®‚ ªè£‡´ Hˆî¬ùŠ «ð£™ HîŸPò¬î‚«è†´ Mò‰îð® Üõ¡ G¡P¼‰î Ü‰î‚ èí‹ Þ¡ù‹â¡ ñùˆF¬óJQ¡Á ÜèôM™¬ô.


1980, °®òó² ï£œ. ñ£¬ô «õ¬÷. «û£ðù£ ªêŒF ð®‚èˆªî£¬ô‚è£†C G¬ôòˆFŸ°„ ªê¡P¼‰î£œ. ï£¡ i†®™ªî£¬ô‚è£†CŠ ªð†®J¡ º¡ Üñ˜‰F¼‰«î¡. â¡¬ù„²ŸP ò£˜ Þ¼‰î£˜èœ âù G¬ùM™¬ô. ªî£¬ô‚è£†CJ™å¼ èMòóƒè‹. î¬ô¬ñ è‡íî£ê¡. ðƒ° ªè£‡ìõ˜èœÞ¬÷ò õòFù˜ & Ý‡èÀ‹ ªð‡èÀ‹. èM¬îèO™Mò‚èˆî‚è èŸð¬ù õ÷«ñ£ ªê£Ÿªð¼‚«è£ Þ™¬ô.Ýù£™ Üˆî¬ù‚ èM¬îèO½‹ å¼ ‘«õè‹’ Þ¼‰î¶.ã«î£ æ˜ à‰¶î™ ªî¡ð†ì¶. Ü¬ùõ¼«ñ ã«î£ å¼MîˆF™ ð£óF¬ò‚ °PŠH†ìù˜. Ü‰î «õèˆF¡Ü®ï£îñ£è Þ¼‰î¶ ð£óF«ò. ÜõÂ¬ìò èM¬î„ ²ì«ó.¹K‰¶ ªè£‡«ì¡. ð£óF â¡ ÜèˆF™ «î£¡P ºÁõ™ªêŒî£¡. F¯ªó¡Á Üõ«ù å¼ èM¬îò£è ñ£PM†ì¶«ð£™â¡ ñùˆF™ å¼ º¿‚ èM¬î G¬ø‰¶ «î£¡Pò¶. Ü¬îâ¿F«ù¡. «û£ðù£ õ‰î£œ. ÜõOì‹ ð®ˆ«î¡. º¿õ¶‹ð®ˆ¶ º®‚è º®ò£ñ™ ï£¡ M‹I M‹I Ü¿î¶‹, â¡Âì¡«ê˜‰¶ «û£ðù£¾‹ è‡a˜ C‰Fò¶‹, Þ«î£ Þ‰îŠ ð£ìô£™î£¡:

“ÜõÂ‚è£è‚ ªè£…ê‹ Üö‚Ãì£î£

¹¬îñíL™Cô M¬îèœ ÉõŠ¹øŠð†ì£«ù«ð£°‹ õNJªô™ô£‹ ªï…²IFð†ì£«ùÜ¬î»‹ eP„ ªê¡«ø èù¾ŠðJ˜¬õˆî£«ùÜîŸ°ˆ î¡¬ù Ý°F ò£‚AàJ˜M†ì£«ù

ÜõÂ‚è£è‚ ªè£…ê‹ Üö‚Ãì£î£

è£ù™ cK™ è£E Gôˆ¬î‚è£í G¬ùˆî£«ùè£†´ õNJ™ ð£†´„ ²ì˜èœãŸP ¬õˆî£«ù«î®„ ªê¡ø F¬êªò™ô£‹ ªð¼‰b õ÷˜ˆî£«ù«îè‹ â´ˆîîù£«ô ÜõÂ‹«îŒ‰¶M†ì£«ù


ÜõÂ‚è£è‚ ªè£…ê‹ Üö‚Ãì£î£

èù¾Š ðJ˜èœ è£ŸP ô£´‹è£†C ªîKAø¶è£†´ õNJ™ â™ô£‹ ð£ì™è£õ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶Fùº‹ Þƒ«è ªîŒõ ªï¼Š¹ªï…C™ àF‚Aø¶«îŒ‰¶ «ð£°‹ «îèƒèÀ‚°ˆªî‹¹ ªè£´‚Aø¶.

ï†êˆFóƒèœ ñ‡E™ Mö‚ Ãì£î£” (è.&1980)

e‡´‹ 1980. å¼ ï£œ Ü‰Fñ£¬ôŠªð£¿¶. e‡´‹Ü«î ªñ£†¬ìñ£®. â¡Âì¡ ä‰î õòî£ù â¡ ñèœ ñ¶ñF.«ñ«ô è£ŸPô£ñ™ ªñ¶õ£è ïè˜‰¶ ªê™½‹ «ñèƒèÀ‹ê£‹ð™ GøˆF™ õ£¡ªõO»‹. “ÜŠð£, ð£´” â¡ø£œ ñ¶.ð£®«ù¡. Üõœ ã«î£ â¡ ð£ì™ ¹K‰î¶ «ð£ô Ý®ù£œ;ªñŒŠð£´èœ ¹K‰î£œ. ð£ìŠ ð£ì‚ è£ŸP¡ «õèº‹M¬óõ£ù¶; Gô¾‹ ñô˜‰¶ CKˆî¶.

“ê£‹ð™ ªïøˆ¶ô õ£¡«è£N«ê£‹ð™ ºP‚°îì£ & è£ˆ¶„«êõ½‹ ªè£…ê‹ î´ñ£PˆîˆF ïì‚°îì£.

ñ£ñó‹ °J½‚°„ ê£ñó‹ iêñø‰¶ «ð£„²îì£ & Ü‰Fñ‰î£ó MKŠ¹ô ê£Œƒè£ô «ïó‹ñòƒA‚ ªèì‚°îì£ê£¬ôJ™ âƒ«è£ ê¼èê… ê£½‹êˆî‹ «è‚°îì£ & ÞŠðŠÌ‚°ø ªê®è÷Š ð£‚°ø õNJ™«ôªð£¿¶ ê£»îì£ & î‹Hªð£¿¶ ê£»îì£.

(ê£‹ð™ ªïøˆ¶ô)

ñ£E‚èˆ «î¼ô ó£ü£O å‡µðø‰¶ «ð£„²îì£ñ£ªõ÷‚ «èˆ¶ø ñ£FK ªïô¾


ñôóŠ «ð£°îì£°…² ªð£P„²¶ «è£NJÂÌŠ

ð‰î™ ªü£L‚°ñì£

ªè£‡¬ìò¬ê„² «êõ½‹ ÞQ«ñ

°‹ñ£÷‹ «ð£´ñì£ & î‹H

°‹ñ£÷‹ «ð£´ñì£. (è&1980)

°‹ñ£÷ƒèœ æŒ‰îù. Ü¶õ¬ó ð‚F, Ý¡Iè‹

â¡ðõŸP™ å¼ H®ñ£ù‹ Þ¡Pˆ îMˆî âù‚° F¯ªó¡Á

oó® ê£Jð£ð£Mì‹ ß´ð£´ «î£¡Pò¶. °¼ªõ¡Á «û£ðù£

ÜPºè‹ ªêŒ¶ ¬õˆî ì£‚ì˜ Ü.Gˆò£ù‰î‹ Üõ˜èOì‹

Ãì Ü‰î ê£Jï£î¬ù«ò ‘îKêù‹’ ªêŒ«î¡. ‘°¼’ â¡ø

Ü¼œ ªõœ÷‹ â¡¬ù Ý†ªè£‡ìî£Œ àí˜‰«î¡. Þ‰î‚

è£ô è†ìˆF™ ð‚F‚ èM¬îèÀ‹ Þ¬êŠð£ì™èÀ‹ ËŸÁ‚

èí‚A™ â¡Âœ õ®ªõ´ˆ¶ ªõOŠð†ìù.

å¼ º¡Qó¾ «ïó‹. âŠªð£¿¶‹ «ð£™ õ£ùˆF¡

«ñ£ùôòˆF™ ï£¡ Í›AJ¼‰«î¡. F¯ªó¡Á õ£ù«ñ

à¼ñ£Pò¶. Høõ£ ò£‚¬èŠ ªðK«ò£¡ H¬øÅ® Üñ˜‰¶

îõ‹ ªêŒõ¶ «ð£™ õ£ù‹ õ®ªõ´ˆ¶ õ÷˜‰î¶. â¡Âœ

ð£ì™ å¡Á A÷˜‰î¶.

“Gô¬õ ÜE‰¶ ªè£‡´ & ê¬ì¹ó÷Š¹ó÷ MN G¬ø‰î¶ õ£ù‹I¡ù™ ˆKÅô‹ & â†´ˆF¬ê»‹ ÜFóï¬è °½ƒAò «îè‹¹ô¼‹ «ð£¶ ê£‹ð™ & ðQ¹¬èòŠ¹¬èò ªñ™ôŠ ðì˜‰î¶ ªõœOè£òö™ ã‰¶‹ ¬èèœ & åO‚èF˜èœ MK»ªñ£¼ èùèMî£ù‹

Ýè£ê‹ Cõ‹ & àJ˜Ýî£ó‹ Cõ‹«î«ü£ ñò‹ Cõ‹Þ¼œ åO âÂ‹ð¬è ÜÁ‹Gö™ Cõ‹................................................” (è&1986)

Þ«î è£ôè†ìˆF™, óñí¡ ªê£¡ù å¼ èM¬î¬ò‚«è†ì¾ì¡ â¡Âœ Hø‰î å¼ èM¬î.


“Þôõ‹ ð…ê£Œ Þîò‹ & âƒ«è£àô¾‹ ªî¡ø™ è£ŸÁ‚è£èà¼A à¼A‚ è¬ô»‹èMî£‚AQò£Œ õ‰ªî¡ Þó‡´ªêMî£‚Aòªî£¼ xõ£¬ô¹Mò¬ùˆ¶‹ å¼ ¶O‚°œ«ð£†ì¬ì‚°‹ «õè‹ð£˜¬õâ™ô£‹ Šó¬÷òñ£èŠð£F ªñ÷ù‹ ð£F êŠî‹ªõœO Gô¬õ M¿ƒA M¿ƒAèùˆ¶Š «ð£ù è£˜ºA¬ôà¬ìˆ¶Š «ð£†´ æ«ý£ ªõ¡Pƒ(°)áN‚Ãˆî£´‹ ¹òô£ŒªïŸP‚ è‡EL¼‰¶ Hø‰¶ & ñùñî¬ù‚ «î´‹ èùô£Œêóêó ªõù å¼ êóñ¬ö ªð£N»‹«è£î‡ìˆF¡ õ¬÷õ£Œ & ÜìÞôõ‹ ð…ê£ Þˆî¬ù õ®õ‹ ãŸø¶!b‹îKAì b‹îKAìÜ‚AQ‚ °…² Cøè¬ê‚Aø¶.” (è&1986)

1985&90: Þ‰î ä‰¶ Ý‡´èO™ ð£†´ õó£î ï£«÷Þ™¬ô âùô£‹. å«ó ï£O™ ËÁ ð£‚èœ â¿Fò¶‹ Þ‰î„êñòˆF™ î£¡.

“ð£´õ«î ªî£N™ ð£´õ«î îõ‹ð£´õ«î âƒèœ «ò£è‹” (è&1985)

â¡Á Í›AŠ «ð£J¼‰î «ïó‹ Ü¶.

ºŠðˆî£Á õò¶ º®¾Ÿø G¬ôJ™ 12&1&90 Ü¡Á ªï…¬êã«î£ ªï¼®ò¶:

«ïŸªøîŸè£èˆ «î£Ÿø‹ ªè£‡«ì¡Þ¡ªøîŸè£è Þ¼‚A¡«ø¡.è£ŸªøîŸ è£è è£ù‹ ð£´«ñ£èì™ âîŸè£èˆ î£÷‹ «ð£´«ñ£ï£¡ ÜîŸè£è«õ J¼‚A¡«ø¡


¶®ˆî£™ I¡ù™ Þ®ˆî£™ ñ¬ö¶Oˆî£™ °P…C â¡«øåšªõ£¼ èíº‹ èM¬îò£èåš«õ£˜ Ü¬ê¾‹ ð£ìô£èÞ¼‚è Ý¬êî£¡

M®‰î£™ Ü½õ™ M¿‰î£™ ºùè™Mò˜ˆî£™ °´‹ð‹ â¡«øåšªõ£¼ èíº‹ Üò˜õî£èåš«õ£˜ Üµ¾‹ ñQîù£èÞ¼‚°‹ õ£›‚¬èî£¡

«ïŸªøîŸè£èˆ «î£Ÿø‹ ªè£‡«ì¡Þ¡ªøîŸè£è Þ¼‚A¡«ø¡.

å¼èí«ñÂ‹ å¼¶OŠ ðQJ™àô¬è Ü÷‚°‹ ñô˜«ð£™M¿õîù£«ô ðôõ¬èò£èM¬÷‰ªî¿‰F´‹ ñ¬ö«ð£™õ¼õ¬î â™ô£‹ î¡õêñ£‚Aõô‹ õ¼A¡ø ïF«ð£™å¼ CÁ èù¬õ »è‹ »èñ£èGó‰îóñ£‚°‹ èM¬î«ð£™

å¼ º¬ø â¡Âœ I¡ùL´àù‚«è àKòõù£Œ Þ¼Š«ð¡°¼«õ£ èM¬î‚ ²ì«ó£à¡ªðòó£«ô â¡ÁI¼Š«ð¡

«ïŸøîŸè£è«õ «î£Ÿø‹ ªè£‡«ì¡Þ¡Á‹ ÜîŸè£è «õJ¼‚A¡«ø¡” & (è & 1990)

â¡ èM¬î ªñ™ô ªñ™ôˆ î¡ «î£Ÿøˆ¬î ñ£ŸP‚ªè£‡ì¶. CŸø£¬ì è†®‚ ªè£‡ì C†ì£Œ„ Cøè®ˆ¶Šðø‰î â¡ èM¬î «ê¬ô»´ˆF‚ ªè£‡´ å¼ ªîŒõñƒ¬èò£Œ‚ è£†CòOˆî¶.

1987&™ æKó¾ «ïó‹. ˆò£ùˆF™ Üñ˜‰F¼‰«î¡.ðèôõ¬ù‚ ªè£‡´ õ‰¶ ªïŸP ¬ñòˆF™ GÁˆF¬õ‚°‹ºòŸC; ÜF™ Hø‰î«î£ å¼ èM¬î„ ²ö™:


“è£«ì èùô£Œ‚ èù½‚°œ Ìñ¬öò£Œá«ì CK‚A¡ø á˜ˆ¶õñ£Œ & «ñ¬ìÜ¬ñˆ¶ ï®‚°‹ Ý è£ê åO¬òÞ¬ñ‚°œ GÁˆ¶õªîš õ£Á.

ÝÁõó‡´ ñíô£è ÝîõQ¡«î¼¼À‹ C¡ùˆ ªî¼õ£è & ñ£Á‹àì½‚°œ â¡ùîõ‹ àœ÷«ñ£ ªõŸÁˆFì½‚°Š «ð£†ì F¬ó.

F¬óM¿«ñ£ bâ¿«ñ£ «î´‹ MNè†è¬óªï£®«ò£ Ýôñó õ£›«õ£ & õ¬óJ™üQˆî ïF«ð£ô êƒè™ð‹ è‡èœðQˆîªõO ò£ŒMK»‹ ð£›.

ð£«ö èQ‰¶ ðóõêˆF™ Ý›‰¶¼Aiöˆ ªîPˆîè‡ i„²‚°œ & áN‚èù¬ô M¬îˆîî£˜ è£K¼O™ ë£ùŠ¹ù¬ôŠ ªð£NMˆî î£˜.

Ý˜ˆî¶ êƒè‹ Üî¡ åL¬ò á´¼MŠð£˜ˆî«î ªñ÷ùŠ ð¶ñºè‹ & «õ˜ˆ¶MÁMÁˆî ªï…²‚° ªõ‡ê£ ñó‹«ð£™¹¼õ‹ õ¬÷‰î ªð£¿¶.

ªð£¿¶ ¹ôóˆ î¬ìJ™¬ô Þ¡Â‹ªî£¿î¿¶ «ê£˜‰¶ ðòQ™¬ô & à¿îGôˆ¶‚°œ c˜«ð£™ G¬ù¾èÀœ ªê¡Áñô˜‰î«ü£ FŠÌ ñ¬ö.

ñ¬öõ£¡ ºA™ñ¬ôò ñ£¼î‹ ªî£†´‚°¬öõ«î «ð£ô‚ °O˜„C & Ü¬öˆî£™Ü¬ê‰¶ õ¼‹ ªïA›„C Ýè£ê‹ ÝAˆF¬êèœ M¿ƒAM†ì b.

b²´õ «îJò™¹ b»œ ¸¬ö‰¶bÝõ«î Ý¡ñ ôJŠ¹ å¼ & bõ¬÷ò‹õ£ê™ Fø‰Fƒ° õ£ªõ¡ ø¬ö‚èŠªð£¡áêô£ ´‹¹œ àJ˜.


àJ˜èô‰î ð£ì™ à¼Mö‰î è£î™ªõJ™õ‰¶ è‡E¬ñèœ «õŒî™ & ºò½‚°Í¡Áè£™ â¡«ø£F„ ê£¡Á«î ´‹èùM™á¡Á«è£ ô£°‹ åO

åO åOò ¬õ‚°‹ å¼èù¾ àœ«÷õO Ü¬êò õ‰îªð¼ õ£›¾ & ªõO„êˆ¬îˆ«îì M÷‚ªè£¡Á «î´‹ MN‚A¡Áè£«ì èùô£ù «î.” (è.1987)

ã«î£ ð¡ªù´ƒ è£ôˆ¶‚° º¡ Hø‰¶, õ£Q™ G¬ø‰îÜF˜¾èO™ ï£¡ ðƒ«èŸÁˆ F¼‹Hò¶«ð£¡ø ÜÂðõˆF™«î£¡Pò ð£‚èœ âù‚«è MòŠÌ†®ù. ÞŠð®„ CôÝ‡´èœ. Þ¡Á, Þ÷¬ñ‚°‹ º¶¬ñ‚°‹ Þ¬ìJ™ G¡Áªè£‡´ â¡¬ù ï£«ù Ýó£Œ‰¶ ªè£‡®¼‚A«ø¡.æó£‡´‚° º¡ õ‰î èM¬î G¬ù¾‚° õ¼Aø¶.

º¶¬ñJ¡ èQ¬õ «ïC‚A«ø¡ & Þ¼‰î£½‹Þ÷¬ñ¬òˆî£¡ ï£¡ ò£C‚A«ø¡

Þ÷¬ñJ™ Þ¼‰¶ º¶¬ñJ™ ¸¬öòÞ¼º¬ø ï£Â‹ «ò£C‚A«ø¡

Ü¼MJ¡ «õè‹ Ü¬ôèO¡ ÝŸø™ªî¡ø¬ôŠ «ð£ªôƒ°‹ ªê™½‹ ²î‰Fó‹

àîòˆF¡ ªê‹¬ñ àœ÷ˆF™ à‡¬ñÞ¬õò¬ùˆ¶‹ â¡ Þ÷¬ñJ¡ î¡¬ñ

Þ¼‰î£½‹º¶¬ñJ¡ èQ¬õ «ïC‚A«ø¡.

ñ¶„²¬ñò£™ ñô˜ î÷˜õF™¬ô & ñô˜õ£® àF˜‰îH¡ õ÷˜õF™¬ô

¹¶„²¬ñò£™ ï£¡ î÷óM™¬ô & â¡¬ùï£«ù ²ñŠð¬î àí¼A«ø¡

â¶õ¬ó‚°‹ ï£¡ âùˆ ªîKò£ñ™â¬î ï£¡ º¶¬ñ â¡«ð¡

Þ¶õ¬ó âˆî¬ù â¡Áíó£ñ™Þ¬îŠ«ð£Œ Þ÷¬ñ â¡«ø¡.


º¶¬ñJ¡ èQ¬õ «ïC‚A«ø¡Þ÷¬ñJ¡ èù¬õ ò£C‚A«ø¡Þ÷¬ñJ™ º¶¬ñ º¶¬ñJ™ Þ÷¬ñÞó‡¬ì»‹ å¡ø£Œ õ£C‚A«ø¡. (è&1994)

ÞŠð®ªò™ô£‹ ï£¡ èM¬î«ò£´ «ð£ó£®‚ªè£‡®¼‚A«ø¡. ‘èM¬î Þ¡ð‹’ â¡Á Cô˜ ÃÁõ˜.Ü¶ ºŸP½‹ êKò¡Á. Cô êñòƒèO™ Þ¡ð‹ ðò‚°‹èM¬î, ªð¼‹ð£½‹ â¡¬ù æ˜ Þù‹¹Kò£î ¶¡ðˆF™C‚Aˆ îM‚è„ ªêŒAø¶. Ü¶ ªõ®ˆ¶„ CîÁ‹ º¡,â¡Âœ ªð¼…²¬ñò£è‚ °M‰¶, â¡¬ù Ü¿ˆF,Üö„ªêŒ¶, “ÞQ º®ò£¶; «î£ŸÁM†«ì¡” âù‚ èîPMö„ ªêŒ¶, Fíø ¬õ‚Aø¶. Ü¶ ªõ®ˆ¶„ CîÁ‹èíˆF™ ï£«ù ªõ®ˆ¶„ CîÁA«ø¡; Ü‡ìŠ ªð¼ªõOâƒ°‹ õ÷˜‰¶ G¬øA«ø¡. â¡¬ù Ü¿ˆF‚ ªè£‡´Þ¼‰î ªð¼…²¬ñJL¼‰¶ å«ó èíˆF™ ê†ªì¡ÁM´ð†ì¶‹, è£ŸPÂ‹ ªñLî£A M¬ó‰¶ ðø‚A«ø¡. â¡Ýø® c÷ àìŸÃ†®¼Š¬ð æóµ¾‚°œ «ð£†´Ü¬ìˆîªî™ô£‹, ï£¡ e‡´‹ õ£ù÷£M õ÷óˆî£¡ â¡ø«ð¼‡¬ñ¬òŠ ¹K‰¶ªè£œA«ø¡.

âˆî¬ù º¬ø ¹K‰¶ ªè£‡ì£½‹, e‡´‹ e‡´‹Þ‰î àìŸÃ†´‚°œ õ‰î C‚A‚ ªè£‡´ Þ¡ð&¶¡ð„²öL™ àö™A«ø¡. e‡´‹ e‡´‹ èM¬î â¡ÂœI¡QŠ ¹øŠð†´ âù‚° à‡¬ñ¬ò àí˜ˆ¶‹ ºòŸCJ™æò£ñ™, êL‚è£ñ™ ß´ð´Aø¶, M‚óñ£Fˆî¬ùŠ «ð£ô;ï£¡ e‡´‹ e‡´‹ º¼ƒ¬è ñóˆF™ ãP‚ ªè£œA«ø¡,«õî£÷‹ «ð£ô èM¬îî£¡ â¡Âì¡ «ð£ó£®‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø¶.

“º¼ƒ¬è ñóˆF™ ãP‚ ªè£‡ì¶«õî£÷‹

è¼õˆFŸ«è£˜ à¼õ‹ ÜOˆ¶‚è¼¾‚ °œ«÷ ¬õˆ¶ õ÷˜ˆFš¾ô°‚ ªè¡¬ù Ü¬öˆî£½‹è£™èœ ¬èèœ MNèœ âù‚è£õ™ Ü¬ñˆ¶‚ ªè£´ˆî£½‹è£î™ ï†¹ ²Ÿø‹ âùŠð£ì™ ËÁ ð®ˆî£½‹


è£ô‹ Í¡Á‹ ï¿õ£ñ™è†®Š «ð£†´ º®ˆî£½‹e‡´‹º¼ƒ¬è ñóˆF™ ãP‚ ªè£‡ì¶ «õî£÷‹ÜÂðõˆFŸ°œ«÷»‹ æ˜ Üî÷ ð£î£÷‹

æô‹ â¿Š¹‹ èì«ô£ óˆF™åŸ¬ø ñóˆF¡ ªõŸÁ GöL™à¬ì‰î Gô¬õ àóCŠ «ð£°‹è¼«ñè‚ è£†CèO™ñ¬ö æŒ‰î ñ£¬ôŠ ªð£¿F™ñ™ô£‰î ð®ˆ¶®‚°‹Ì„CèO¡ àJ˜Š «ð£ó£†ìƒèO™«ð„Cö‚è ¬õˆ¶M´‹ªð¼ªõOJ¡ å¼ G¬ùŠH™

Üì!

ÜÂðõˆFŸ°œ«÷»‹ æ˜ Üî÷ ð£î£÷‹ & âùe‡´‹ º¼ƒ¬è ñóˆF«ôP‚ ªè£‡ì¶ «õî£÷‹.

õ£ùŠ ðóŠ¬ð õ£K„ ²¼†®õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°œ «÷¬õˆ ¶¼†®èíªñ¡ Pƒ«è£˜ Üµ¬õŠ H÷‰¶èù¾Š ªð£¼÷£Œ ñ£P ¸¬ö‰¶ò£˜ò£˜ î¬ô«ò£ CîP ªõ®‚è‚è¬îèœ ËÁ ªê£™L º®‚è

e‡´‹ º¼ƒ¬è ñóˆF«ôP‚ ªè£‡ì¶ «õî£÷‹ & ÜìÜÂðõˆFŸ°œ«÷»‹ æ˜ Üî÷ ð£î£÷‹. (è & 1980)

****************


èM¬î õó‹èM¬î õó‹èM¬î õó‹èM¬î õó‹èM¬î õó‹èèèèèM¬î, â¡¬ùŠ ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó, ªîŒõˆ¬î îKCˆ¶ˆ

F¼‹¹‹«ð£¶ ï£¡ ²ñ‰¶ õ¼‹ G¬ù¾. «ñ†¬ìM†´Šðœ÷ˆ¬î «ï£‚AŠ ð£»‹ ïF«ð£™ â¡ èM¬î»‹ ªð£Œ¬òŠ¹ø‰îœO à‡¬ñ¬ò «ï£‚Aˆî£¡ ð£ŒAø¶. â‰î‚ èí‹É‚èˆF™ Ý›A«ø£‹ â¡Á âŠð®ˆ ªîKõF™¬ô«ò£,ÜŠð®«ò èM¬î Hø‚°‹ èíº‹ ªîKõF™¬ô. ‘ï£¡’ÜN»‹ Ü‰î õ£ùˆF™, ï£¡ Hø‚°‹ èí‹, èM¬î»‹â¡«ù£´ Hø‰F¼‚°‹. ˆò£ùˆ¶‚°Š H¡ «ñ£ù‹, Üî¡H¡ «ï˜õ¶ èM¬î.

ðó‹ªð£¼O¡ ºîŸêôùˆ¬î ‘æƒè£ó‹’ â¡Á Cˆî˜èœÜ¬ö‚Aø£˜èœ. Ü‰î æƒè£óˆF¡ gƒè£óˆ¬î àí˜M™²ñ‰¶ õ¼Aø£¡ èMë¡. Ü¶ âƒ«è «î£¡Pò«î£ Ü‰îÞìˆFŸ° e‡´‹ ð®Šðõ¬ù»‹ «è†ðõ¬ù»‹ Ü¬öˆ¶„ªê™õ¶ ñ†´‹ î£¡ èM¬îJ¡ Þô‚èí‹. èM¬î‚°œæƒè£óˆF™ ªð£F‰F¼‚°‹ Þ¬ê»‹ î£÷º‹ MèC‚A¡øù.æƒè£ó‹ ðKíI‚°‹ «ð£¶ ð‡ G¬ô»‹ î£÷º‹ Ü¡¬ù»‹ÜˆîÂñ£A‚ èM¬î¬ò ß¡ªø´ˆ¶, æƒè£óˆ¬î îKCˆ¶Šðóõê G¬ôJ™ F¼‹¹‹ èMëQì‹ åŠð¬ì‚Aø£˜èœ. â‰îà‡¬ñò£ù èMëÂ‹ î£¡ â¿Fò èM¬î¬ò î¡Â¬ìòð¬ìŠ¹ â¡Á ªê£™ô Ü…²õ£¡. Üõù£ õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ˆ«î®Š H®ˆî£¡? Üõù£ ÜõŸP¡ «è£¬õJ™ Üö¬èŠªð£Fˆî£¡? â¬îŠ ðŸP â¿îŠ«ð£A«ø£‹ â¡ÁªîKò£ñ«ô«ò Ü™ôõ£ ðôº¬ø Üõ¡ â¿¶«è£¬ôâ´‚Aø£¡! Þ¬îŠ ðŸP â¿î«õ‡´‹ â¡Á Üõ¡ å¡¬øG¬ùˆî£½‹, Üõ¡ M‡íŠðˆ¬î õ£ù‹ ãŸø£™ Ü™ôõ£õ£˜ˆ¬î! ÞƒA¼‰îð®«ò ªîK‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷‚ Ã†®‚èNˆ¶, àJ¬ó»‹ ªñŒ¬ò»‹ õK¬êò£è„ ªê£™L, â¶¬è»‹«ñ£¬ù»‹ ãŸð´ˆF„ ªê£Ÿè¬÷ ñ®ˆ¶ ñ®ˆ¶â¿¶õªî™ô£‹ èM¬îò£°ñ£?

æƒè£óˆ¬î îKCˆ¶ àœÀ¼Aˆ F¼‹¹‹ èMëQ¡õ£˜ˆ¬îJ™ ñ†´‹ î£¡ êˆFò‹ IO¼‹.

å¼ èM¬îJ¡ ºî™ óCè¡ Ü¬î ñ‡µ‚°„ ²ñ‰¶õ‰î èMë¡ î£¡. ÞŠð® æ˜ Üö° î¡ Íô‹ê£ˆFòñ£ùî£ â¡Á ªïA›‰¶ Ü‰î Üö¬èˆ î¡è‡aó£™ Ýó£Fˆîõ£Á Üõ¡ î¡ èM¬î¬ò HóIŠ«ð£´ºî¡º¬ø à„êK‚Aø£¡.


ªî£´õ£ù Þ÷…CõŠH™, ªî£Œ‰¶ M¿‹ ñô˜‚ ªè£®J™,ï´õ£ù Í†ìˆ¶œ ï¬è‚°‹ ªê£‚èˆ îƒèˆF™,M®ò«ô£®¬ö»‹ ªõœOŠ ðQºˆF™, i²‹ ªî¡øL™, «õèŠ¹òŸè£ŸP™, «è£ð„ YŸøº‹ ªõœO‚ ªè£½êE‰î Hœ¬÷ˆî÷˜ ï¬ì»ñ£Œ îˆFˆ FK»‹ ÝN„²öŸCJ™, «õî«è£ûˆ¬î‚ «è†ì ñ£ˆFóˆF™, «õœMJ™ î¡¬ù«ò«ð£†´M†´‚ è£ˆF¼‚°‹ ºQõQ¡ îõˆF™,«õŒƒ°öL™, â¡Á èMë¡ î¡¬ù Þö‰¶ Þö‰¶ e‡´õ¼‹ «ð£ªî™ô£‹ èM¬îªòÂ‹ êˆFòˆ¬î ºè‰¶ ºè‰¶õ¼Aø£¡. â¿¶õ¶ êˆFòñ£ù£™ ÜîŸ°‚ è‡a˜Hóñ£íñ£°‹. è‡ðQ‚è£ñ™ â¿¶‹ ªê£™ è£ôˆ¬îªõ™ô£¶. õ£ùˆ¶ Üºîˆ¬î ºè‰¶ õ¼‹ ªê£Ÿèœê£è£õó‹ ªðÁA¡øù. ªê£Ÿè¬÷ Ü÷‰¶, Ü´‚°‹êñˆè£óˆF™ ðóõê‹ Þ¼‚è£¶; ¹Qî‹ Þ¼‚è£¶ ªõÁ‹àí˜„CŠ ªð¼‚A™ à¼‡´ õ¼‹ ªê£ŸèO™ à‡¬ñÞ¼‚è£¶.

àí˜„Cè¬÷»‹ ñù„êôùˆ¬î»‹ «ð£ó£†ìˆ¬î»‹àí˜„C G¬ôJL¼‰«î ªê£Ÿè÷£‚A‚ èM¬î «ð£¡øà¼õˆ¬î ÜõŸÁ‚° ÜOˆî£½‹, ÜõŸ¬øªò™ô£‹ è£ô‹«êIˆ¶ ¬õŠðF™¬ô. èM¬î â¡ð¶, ‘Emotions recollectedin tranquility’, â¡Aø£˜ Words worth. èM¬î àí˜„CèO¡«è£îèŸP è£ô«îê õ˜ˆîñ£ùˆ¬î‚ èì‰î G¬ô‚°ÜõŸ¬ø àò˜ˆ¶Aø¶.

¶¡ðˆF™ Þ¼ŠðõÂ‹ è‡ðQ‚è â¿îô£‹. Üõ¡è‡a˜ î¡Qó‚èˆî£™ HøŠð¶. ÜŠð® â¿¶ðõ¡ î¡¬ù„CP¶‹ Þö‚è£ñ™ â¿¶õ£¡. Ý›‰î Ü¬ñFJ™ î¡¬ùÞö‰¶ Hø° e‡´ õ‰¶ Ü‰î àí„Cè¬÷‚ èM¬îò£‚°‹«ð£¶‹ Üõ¡ è‡ðQ‚èˆ î£¡ â¿¶õ£¡, Ýù£™ ÞŠ«ð£¶Üõ¡ è‡èôƒ°õ¶ î¡Qó‚èˆî£™ Ü™ô. ñ£ÂìˆF¡ï£ìèˆF™ Ü‰î ñý£ñ£¬ò¬ò îKCˆî ðóõêˆF™ Üõ¡è‡ðQ‚°‹. Üõœ ïìˆ¶‹ ï£ìèˆF™ î£Â‹ å¼ ð£ˆFó«ñâ¡ø ÜÂðõˆF™ Üõ¡ àœ÷‹ èC»‹.

è¬ôëÂ‹ ÜPëÂ‹ å¡ø¡ Üö¬è»‹ ¸†ðˆ¬î»‹º¬ø«ò ˆò£Q‚Aø£˜èœ. ˆò£ùˆF¡ º®M™ Gè¿‹«ñ£ùˆFL¼‰¶ Üõ˜èœ îQŠð´‹ «ð£¶ ÜöA¡ÜÂðõˆ¬î»‹ ¸†ðˆF¡ gF¬ò»‹ Üõ˜èœ àí˜¾èœ


²ñ‰¶ õ¼A¡øù; FKJ™ áPò â‡ªíŒ º¬ùJ™âKõ¬îŠ «ð£ô, ‘à‡¬ñ’, è¬ôë¬ù»‹ ÜPë¬ù»‹º¬ùè÷£‚A ªõOŠð£´ ªè£œAø¶. Üîù£™ î£¡ ðôêñòƒèO™ å¼ è¬ôëQì‹ Þ™ô£î ªîO¾ Üõ¡è¬ôJ™ Þ¼‚°‹; æ˜ ÜPëQì‹ Þ™ô£î ªîO¾ Üõ¡ÜPMòL™ Þ¼‚°‹. î¡¬ù º¿õ¶ñ£è Þö‚°‹ Å‚°ñ‹¬èõóŠ ªðŸP¼‚°‹ õ¬ó è¬ôëÂ‹ ÜPëÂñ£Œ Þ¼‚°‹ñQî¡, Ü‰î Å‚°ñ‹ ñø‰¶ «ð£ù£™ è¬ôëÂ‹ Þ™¬ôÜPëÂ‹ Þ™¬ô. î¡¬ù Þôî£‚A «ñ£ùˆF™ Ý›‰¶«ð£°‹ G¬ô¬òˆî£¡ ÝƒAô‚ èMë¡ Keats. ‘NegativeCapablity’. â¡ø£¡. î¡¬ñè÷£™ ÞÁAŠ «ð£J¼‚°‹ñQîù£™ î¡¬ù Þôî£‚è Þòô£¶. «è£†ð£´è÷£™°ÁAŠ «ð£J¼‚°‹ å¼õÂ¬ìò àí˜¾ è£ôˆ¬î M…CGŸ°‹ êˆFòˆ¬î ºè‰¶ õó º®ò£¶.

ã«î£ å¡¬øŠ ðŸP ï£¡ Üî¬ù àí˜‰î Mîñ£èâ¿FJ¼‰«î¡. Ü¬îŠ ð®ˆî â¡ °¼ï£î˜ ‘ï£¬÷«õªø£¼õ¡ Þ¬î«ò «õÁ Mîñ£è¾‹ â¿îô£‹’, â¡Áâ¡¬ù ÜîŸ°‹ îò£˜ð´ˆFù£˜. Í›A â´Šð¬õ î£¡;åšªõ£¡Á‹ ºˆ¶ î£¡. Ýù£™ åšªõ£¡Á‚°‹ å¼îQˆ¶õ‹. åšªõ£¼ èMëÂ‹ î¡¬ù Þö‰¶î£¡èM¬î¬òŠ ªðÁAø£¡. Þö‰î G¬ôJ™ Þò™¹èœÜÁ‰¶ð†ì£½‹ èM¬î¬ò ºè‰¶ õ¼‹«ð£¶ åšªõ£¡P½‹å¼ ºˆF¬ó. å«ó èMëQ¡ èM¬îèO™ å¡P™ Cˆî¡Þ¼Šð£¡; å¡P™ ð‚î¡ Þ¼Šð£¡; å¡P™ ñ£Âì‹ Þ¼‚°‹;å¡P™ ªîŒõ‹ Þ¼‚°‹; å¡P™ cF Þ¼‚°‹; å¡P™ªï…ê‹ Þ¼‚°‹.

ã²¬õŠ ðŸPˆ î‹ º¡Q¬ôJ™ å¼ èM¬î â¿¶ñ£Áâ¡ °¼ï£î˜ å¼º¬ø â¡¬ùŠ ðEˆî£˜. «ò£Cˆ«î¡.‘«ò£C‚è£ñ™ â¿¶’, â¡ø£˜. Üõ˜ º¡Q¬ôJ™ â¿î„ªê£¡ùî£™ ãŸð†ì ðóðóŠH™ «ò£CŠð¬î»‹ ªî£ìó£ñ™â¡¬ù Þö‚è¾‹ Þòô£ñ™ ã«î£ â¿F«ù¡. Ü‰î ï£¡°õKèœ â¡¬ùˆ ªî£ìM™¬ô. Þ¡Á Ü¬õ âù‚°G¬ù¾‚°‹ õóM™¬ô.

Þ¡ªù£¼ êñò‹ ‘ÝFˆò y¼îòˆ¬î’ îIN™ â¿¶ñ£Áî¡ Þ¡ªù£¼ Yìó£Aò ï‡ð¬ó â¡ °¼ï£î˜ ðEˆî£˜.Ü‰î ï‡ð˜ Ü¬î â¿F‚ªè£‡®¼‰î «ïóˆF™, ð£†´‹ïìùºñ£è âù‚°œ A÷˜„C & M¬î àJ˜‚°‹ «ð£¶ ñ‡


A÷˜‰¶ ªè£œÀ«ñ ÜŠð®! ÝFˆò y¼îòˆ¬îˆ îIN™â¿î «õ‡´‹ â¡Á âù‚°œÀ‹ æ˜ à‰¶î™.êñv‚¼îˆ¬îŠ ðJô ºò¡P¼‰«î«ù îMó Ü‰î ªñ£Nâù‚° Ü¡Qò«ñ. îIN™ ðî¾¬ó«ò£´ Ã®ò ðFŠ¹å¡¬øŠ ªðŸÁ â¿î Üñ˜‰«î¡. êñv‚¼î v«ô£èƒè¬÷åšªõ£¡ø£èŠ ð®Š«ð¡; ðî¾¬ó¬ò»‹ å¼º¬ø ð®ˆ¶‚ªè£œ«õ¡; Hø° ªêŒõîPò£¶ è£ˆF¼Š«ð¡....... Ý‹, Þ¶Iè¾‹ êKò£ù ªê£™ & ‘è£ˆF¼Š«ð¡’ è£ˆF¼‚°‹ «ð£¶ã«î£ å¼ èí‹ â¡¬ù Þö‰¶ èM¬î¬òŠ ªðÁ«õ¡.

‘õ£Q™ FK»‹ õJóªñ£N ªêŒîõˆî£™áQ™ Þøƒ°‹ àõ‰¶’

â¡Aø¶ Ü¼†°øœ.

üF»‹ võóº‹ Ýù‰î‚ è‡a¼ñ£è Ü‰îŠ ðE¬òº®ˆ«î¡. ÝFˆò y¼îòˆF™ ã¶ üF? âù‚°ˆ ªîKò£¶.õ‰î¬î â¿F«ù¡. â¡¬ù å¼ è¼Mò£‚A Ü‡ìêó£êóˆ¬î»‹ è£ˆî¼À‹ Ü‰îŠ «ðó¼œ î¡¬ùˆî£«ùð£®‚ªè£‡´‹ M÷‚A‚ ªè£‡´‹ Ý®ò Ýù‰îˆî£‡ìõ‹ Ü‰îŠ ð£ì™èœ.

‘Ýù¬î ÜNˆ¶M†´ e‡´‹ Ý‚A¬õŠð£Œc«ò ï¬ù»ñ£Á ªð¼ñ¬ö «î£ŸÁMŠð£ŒÝJó‹ èóƒè«÷‰F Ü¬ùˆ¬î»‹ ð¼A M†´‹è£ŒA¡ø èF«ó åJ™ è£…êù«ñ êóí‹ êóí‹’.

Þ¬øõù¼÷£™ ðô èMë˜è«÷£´ ªï¼ƒAŠ ðö°‹ õ£ŒŠ¹âù‚° Þ¼‰F¼‚Aø¶. å«ó Í„C™ èM¬î º¿õ¶‹õ‰¶M´‹ å¼ èMë¼‚°; Ü¶¾‹ Üì‚è´‚è£èŠ ðôèM¬îèœ å«ó êñòˆF™ æ®‚ªè£‡®¼‚°ñ£‹. âŠ«ð£¶â¶ «õ‡´«ñ£ Ü¬îŠ H®ˆ¶ Þ¿ˆî‚ªè£œõ£ó£‹.

‘Ü«î£ Ü‰î‚ è£ù™ c¬ó‚ èì‰¶ ªê¡ø£™èŸðè„ «ê£¬ô õ¼‹’

â¡ð£˜ Üõ˜.

“ªê£Ÿè«÷ õ¼è õ¼è & àƒèœÅ¶èœ ªî£ì˜‰Fì†´‹”

â¡ð£˜ ñŸªø£¼ èMë˜


‘õŸø£î áŸÁ‚° ï£¡ ªê£‰î‚è£ó¡õ£ì£î ñôªó£¡¬ø «ïCŠðõ¡’,

â¡ð£˜ Þ¡ªù£¼ èMë˜.

èM¬î â¿¶õ¬î õö‚èñ£è‚ ªè£œ÷£ñ™ âŠ«ð£«î£å¼º¬ø Þƒªè£¡Á‹ Üƒªè£¡Áñ£è‚ èM¬îâ¿¶ðõ˜è¬÷»‹ â¿Fòõ˜è¬÷»‹ Ãì ï£¡ÜP‰F¼‚A«ø¡. å¼ èM¬î ñ†´«ñ â¿Fò èMëù£èÞ¼‰î£½‹ êK, Í„²‚ªè£¼ èM¬î â¿Fòõù£èÞ¼‰î£½‹ êK, Üõ¡ èM¬î HøŠðîŸ°º¡ ªî£¬ô‰¶«ð£°‹ ªõ†ìªõO å¡Á î£¡. «õîƒèÀ‹ àðGûˆèÀ‹ÞFý£úƒèÀ‹ Ü‰î ªõ†ìªõOJQ¡Á‹ «î£¡Pò¬õ.ÜƒA¼‰¶ õ¼ð¬õ ÜNõŸø Ü†êóƒèœ. ÜõŸ¬øÞƒA¼‚°‹ ñùˆî£™ Ü÷‚è«õ£ ÜÂñ£Q‚è«õ£ º®ò£¶.

‘ÞQò à÷õ£è Þ¡ù£î Ãø™èQJ¼Šð‚ è£Œèõ˜‰ îŸÁ.’ (å&21)

ÞQ¬ñ»‹ ïOùº‹ ªð£¼‰Fò ªê£Ÿè÷£™ Ýù¶èM¬î. è£Mòƒè¬÷»‹ °Áƒè£Mòƒè¬÷»‹ â¿¶‹ðE¬ò «ñŸªè£œÀ‹ èMë¡ ÞQ¬ñ«ò£ ïOù«ñ£¶O»ñŸø è£†Cè¬÷»‹ CˆîK‚è «õ‡®ò ÜõCò‹ãŸð´Aø¶. ÜŠ«ð£¶‹ Üõ¡ Üö°í˜„C ñ£ø£ñ™ Ü‰î‰î„Åö½‚°‹ ð£ˆFóˆ¶‚°‹ ãŸøõ£Á ð£ì™ ï¬ìJ¡èF¬ò»‹ õ™Lù ªñ™Lù Þ¬ìJùƒè¬÷»‹ ¬èò£À‹ÝŸø½¬ìòõù£Aø£¡. ÜõÂ¬ìò ÜÂðõ‹, C‰î¬ù,èŸð¬ù, è¬ôïò‹, ªê£™ô£À¬è, ð‚°õ‹ Þ¬õò£õŸ¬ø»‹ÜMê£è‚ èM¬î Hø‚è «õ‡´‹ â¡ø å«ó º¬ùŠ«ð£´«ñ£ù‹ â¡ø bJ™ èMë¡ Þ†´ˆ î¡¬ù»‹ Þö‚°‹«ð£¶¹ôùPò£î å¼ óê£òùˆî£™ Üõ¡ î£Â‹ e‡´‹ Hø‰¶èM¬î â¡ø Üö¬è»‹ ã‰F õ¼Aø£¡.

ªê£Ÿè÷‹ Ãì ÞŠð®ˆî£¡ Hø‰F¼‚è «õ‡´‹.ÝFñQî¡ àí˜„Cè¬÷ Þù‹HK‚è‚ èŸÁ â‡íŠðKñ£Ÿøˆ¶‚° ºò¡ø «ð£¶ ªñ£N Üõ¡ àœO¼‰¶ðKíIˆF¼‚è «õ‡´‹. å¡¬ø ÞŠð®„ ªê£™ôô£‹ â¡øà‰¶î½‚° º¡ ÜõÂ‹ èMë¬ùŠ «ð£™ CP¶ «ïó‹è£í£ñŸ «ð£J¼‚è «õ‡´‹.


îˆî£ˆ«óò˜ ‘ˆK¹ó£ óývò‹’, â¡ø êñv‚¼î ËL™‘Ýˆñ ë£Q’èÀ‚°‚A†´‹ ‘êñ£F’ G¬ô ðŸP âO¬ñò£èM÷‚AJ¼‚Aø£˜ . ‘êñ£F’ G¬ô ÞòŸ¬èò£è«õÜ¬ùõ¼‚°«ñ «ï¼‹ å¡Á î£¡ â¡Á Üõ˜ ÃÁAø£˜.Üù£™ å¼ ë£Q‚° ñ†´«ñ, î£‹ êñ£F G¬ô‚°„ ªê¡ÁF¼‹Hõ‰«î£‹ â¡ø ÜP¾ Þ¼‚°‹.

ï£‹ àø‚èˆFL¼‰¶ MNˆî Ü‰î‚ èí‹, â‡íæ†ì«ñ£, ¹ô¡ ¸è˜„C«ò£ Þ¡ù‹ ¶õƒè£î Ü‰î‚ èí‹,‘Hó‚¬ë’ Üî£õ¶ àí˜¾, ÉŒ¬ñò£è ã¶«ñ â¿îŠðì£îªõŸÁ‚ è£Aî‹ «ð£™ Þ¼‚°‹. Ü‰î‚ èí‹, ï£‹Ü¬ùõ¼«ñ êñ£F G¬ôJ™ î£¡ Þ¼‚A«ø£‹ â¡Aø£˜îˆî£ˆ«óò˜.

êñ£F G¬ô‚° ñQî¡ «ð£è‚ Ã®ò «õÁî¼íƒè¬÷»‹ Üõ˜ ²†®‚è£†´Aø£˜. å¼ õNŠ«ð£‚è¡êŸÁ‹ âF˜ð£ó£ õ‡í‹ Üõ¡ ªê™½‹ ð£¬îJ™ å¼Cƒè‹ âF˜Šð´ñ£ù£™, Ü‰î‚ èí‹, Ü‰î ºî™ èí‹ &î£¡ àJ¼‚° àJó£è «ïC‚°‹ î¡ ñè¡ Þø‰¶ð†ì£¡â¡Á î‰¬î «èœMŠð´‹ Ü‰î‚ èí‹, Ü‰î ºî™ èí‹& ÞŠð® Übî ÜF˜„CJ¡ àì¡ M¬÷õ£è¾‹ àí˜¾,å¼ ªõŸÁˆ î£œ «ð£ô£A êñ£FJ™ Ü¬ñAø¶ â¡Aø£˜îˆî£ˆ«óò˜.

ê£î£óí ñQî¡ î£ù£è Gè¿‹ êñ£F G¬ô¬ò‚ è‡´ªè£œ÷£ñ™ î¡ õN ªê™Aø£¡. èMë¡ Ü¶ Þ¡ùªî¡ÁÜPò£ñ«ô èM¬î‚è£èˆ îõI¼‰î Ü‰G¬ô‚° ãA ãAˆF¼‹¹Aø£¡. Ýˆñ ë£Q, Ü¶ Þ¡ùªî¡Á ÜP‰¶ÜîŸè£è«õ Ü¬î ï£® ÜF™ Ü¬ñAø£¡. “Üõ¡ Üƒ«è«ð£Œ õ¼õî£™ î£¡ Üõù£™ êˆFòˆ¬î â¿î º®Aø¶”â¡Á èMë¬ùŠ ðŸP‚ ÃÁõ£˜ â¡ °¼ï£î˜.

Ý‹; èMë¡ å¼ «ò£A. Üõ¡ Cô êñòƒèO™CˆîÂñ£èô£‹; ÜõÂ‚°‹ CˆFèœ A¬ì‚èô£‹. ‘õ£™eA«è†´ â¿Fù£˜; è‹ð˜ ð£˜ˆ¶ â¿Fù£˜’ â¡Á â¡ °¼ï£î˜Ãø‚ «è†®¼‚A«ø¡. Å‚°ñ êgóˆF™ àô¾‹ ï£óîºQïì‚èŠ«ð£°‹ ó£ñ£òí‚ è¬î¬ò„ ªê£™ô Ü¬î‚è£Mòñ£‚Aù£˜ õ£™eA. ï£óî ºQ¬ò Å‚°ñ êgóˆF™è‡ì¶‹ Üõ«ó£´ «ðCò¶‹, õ£™eA ¹¼ûÂñ£è Þ¼‰îî£™


Ü¡«ø£ ê£ˆFòñ£JŸÁ! è‹ðK¡ CˆF «õÁ Mî‹. ‘ó£ñ£’â¡Á Üõ˜ à¼Aò Ü‰î‚èí‹ Üõ˜ ñù‚è‡ º¡ å¼F¬ó MK‰¶ ó£ñ£òí‹ e‡´‹ Üóƒ«èPò¶. âŠ«ð£«î£»èƒèÀ‚° º¡ Gè›‰îõŸ¬ø, «õÁ å¼ è£ôŠðKñ£íˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ ªè£‡«ì, å¼ ê£†Cò£èŠ ð£˜ˆ¶ÜÂðMˆ¶ õ˜E‚°‹ «ðŸ¬ø‚ èM„ê‚óõ˜ˆF ªðŸø£˜.è£ôˆ¬î ªõ¡ø KSèœ º‚è£ôˆ¬î»‹ ë£ù F¼w®ò£™àíóº®»‹. è£ôˆ¬î ªõ¡Á GŸ°‹ â‰î‚ è¬ôõ‡íº‹å¼ îõˆF¡ M¬÷«õ.

å¡ø¬ùŠ ðŸP â¿¶ñ£Á ÜšõŠ«ð£¶ âƒè¬÷ŠðE‚°‹ â‹ °¼ï£î˜, â¿¶õF™ ï£ƒèœ ²í‚è‹è£†®ù£™, ‘â¿î£M†ì£™ «ð£, ï£¡ è£‚¬è °¼M¬ò¬õˆ¶ â¿F‚ ªè£œA«ø¡’ â¡Á ªê£™L, î¬ôÉ‚°‹âƒèœ Ýíõˆ¬îˆ îM´ ªð£®ò£‚°õ£˜; ‘èMˆ¶õ«ñÜPò£î å¼õÂ‹ Ãì‚ èMëù£è F¯ªó¡Á ñ£ŸøŠðìô£‹.Þ¶ Þ¬øõÂ¬ìò Cˆ¶ M¬÷ò£†´’ â¡Á ÃÁõ£˜. èMè£Oî£ê¡ Hø‰î¶ ðó£ê‚FJ¡ F¼M¬÷ò£ì™ Ü™ôõ£?

è™M, å¿‚èˆ¬î ÜO‚è «õ‡´‹. å¿‚è‹ àœ«÷ê£†Cò£è Þ¼‰¶ î¡¬ùŠ ð£˜‚°‹ ð‚°õˆ¬îˆ î¼‹.îù‚° Þ¶ ê£îè‹, îù‚° Þ¶ ð£îè‹ â¡ø«õŸÁ¬ñJ™ô£ñ™ å¼ ê£†C ñ†´«ñò£è G¬ôªðŸÁÞ¼Šðõù£™î£¡ à‡¬ñ¬ò Üµè«õ º®»‹. ÜŠð® æ˜àœª÷£¿‚è‹ °¼ºèñ£è Ü¬ñòŠ ªðÁðõ¡î£¡ñý£èMò£è º®»‹.

ÜŠð®Šð†ìõÂ‚° ÜõÂ¬ìò êñè£ôˆîõKìI¼‰¶ÜƒWè£ó‹ A¬ì‚è£ñ™ «ð£èô£‹. Ýù£™ H¡ªù£¼è£ôˆF™ Üõ¡ Ü¼¬ñ¬ò ñ‚èœ àí˜õ˜.

ñý£èM, èM¬î â¡ø «õœMJ™ î¡¬ùŠ «ð£†ìð®Þ¼Šð£¡. ÜõÂ‚° Ü‰îóƒè‹ A¬ìò£¶; «õÁ Ü½õ½‹Þ¼‚èº®ò£¶. è£Oî£ê«ù£, è‹ð«ù£, ð£óF«ò£èM¬îJ¡ðˆ¬îˆ îMó, «õªø¬î»‹ ï£®J¼‚èº®ò£¶.

‘Ü¡¬ù ðó£ê‚Fã¬ö«ò¡ èM¬îò£¾‹îù‚ªèù‚ «è†A¡ø£œ.’

¹K‰î¶‹ ¹Kò£î¶‹ èô‚°‹ MO‹¬ðˆ ªî£†´ˆ F¼‹¹‹ñý£èM î£¡ ÜÂðM‚°‹ Ýù‰î «ð£¬îJ™ Þ¬ø¬ò


Þù‹ è£‡Aø£¡. Ü‰î óúˆ¬îŠ ð¼Aò H¡ Üõù£™ñ‡E™ ªï´«ïó‹ Þ¼‚è º®ò£¶. ²ñ‰¶ õ‰î¬î„ªê£™Lò Hø°, Þ¬ø«î´‹ ðø¬õ «ð£™ e‡´‹ Ü‰îMO‹¬ð «ï£‚AŠ ðø‰¶M´õ£¡. åšªõ£¼ º¬ø F¼‹Hõ¼‹ «ð£¶‹ Üõ¡ èM¬îJ™ å¼ ¹Fò «è£í‹, å¼¹Fò ïò‹, å¼ ¹Fò ªîO¾. åšªõ£¼ ð°Fò£è ªñ™ô„«ê˜‰¶ å¼ ¹F˜ M´ð´õî «ð£™, Üõ¡ õ£›‚¬èº®õîŸ°œ Üõ¡ ªê£ŸèÀ‚°œ à‡¬ñ â¡øªî£´õ£ù‹ ÞøƒA õ‰¶ î¡¬ù ªõOŠð´ˆF‚ ªè£œÀ‹.Üõ¡ Þô‚Aòˆ¬îŠ ªð£¶ ñ¬øò£‚°‹.

å¼ ñý£èMJ¡ î¡¬ñ Þ¡ùªî¡Á ò£ó£½‹â´ˆ¶¬ó‚è º®ò£¶. å¼ êñò‹ î£J¡ Ü¬íŠ¹‚è£èÜ¿‹ °ö‰¬îò£è, êŸÁ «ïóˆF™ Ü‰îˆ î£«ò Ýè,°öŠðñ£è, ªîOõ£è, Hˆîù£è, ð‚îù£è, Cˆîù£è, ò£¾‹àœ÷õù£è, â¶¾‹ ÜŸøõù£è, â¬î»‹ ï‹ð ñÁŠðõù£è,Þ¬øõÂñ£è ñ£P ñ£P Üõî£ó‹ â´ˆ¶ˆ îù‚ªè¡ÁîQˆî¡¬ñ ã¶‹ Þ¡P ªõO¬òŠ «ð£™, ¹°‹ ð£ˆFóñ£AŠÌóíºñ£A Þ¼Šð£¡.

Ü‰î ªõ†ìªõO¬òˆ ªî£†´ õó£ñ™ ÞƒA¼‰îð®«ò,ÌIJ™ G¡øð®«ò ð£†ªì¿î º®ò£î£ â¡Á «èœM âöô£‹.â¿îô£‹ & Ýù£™ ÜŠð® â¿îŠð´‹ èM¬îèO™â¿¶ðõÂ¬ìò â‡í‹ î£‹ Þ¼‚°‹; ÜõÂ‚°ŠðK„êòñ£ù àí˜„Cèœ î£‹ Þ¼‚°‹; Üõ¡ð‡ð†ìõù£J¡ ÜõŸP™ ð‡ð£´ ªîK»‹; ÜõÂ‚ªè¡Áå¼ ªè£œ¬è Þ¼‰î£™ Üõ¡ èM¬îèO™ Ü‰î‚ ªè£œ¬èªî£Q‚°‹. ÜõÂ¬ìò îQˆî¡¬ñ â¡ø è†´‚«è£Š¬ðà¬ìˆ¶‚ ªè£‡´ ðø‚°‹ MK¾ ÜõÂ¬ìò èM¬îJ™Þ¼‚è£¶. ÜõÂ¬ìò èM¬îò£™ Üõ¡ â¬î»‹ ¹Fî£èŠ¹K‰î ªè£œ÷ ñ£†ì£¡. ‘ð£†®¬ùŠ «ð£™ Ý„êKò‹ ð£K¡I¬ê Þ™¬ôòì£’ â¡Á Üõù£™ Mò‚è º®ò£¶.î¡QL¼‰¶ î¡¬ù ePò å¡Á Hø‰î¶ âƒéù‹ â¡Á«ò£C‚è «õ‡®ò Å›G¬ô ÜõÂ‚° ãŸðì£¶.

èM¬î â¿î ºŸð´‹ Ü‰îˆ îQŠð†ì ñQî¡ î¡¬ùˆªîKMˆ¶‚ ªè£œõî£è Ü¬ñ»‹ ð£ì™è¬÷‚ è£ô‹ñø‰¶M´‹. Ü‰îŠ ð£ì™ Üóƒ«èÁ‹ «ð£¶ ¬èî†ì™Þ¼‚èô£‹. Ýù£™ ê¬ð¬ò M†´ ªõO«òÁ‹ óCè¡,


è£ô‹ GòIˆî ªî£ì˜ æ†ì‚è£ó˜èO™ å¼õù£è Ü‰îŠð£ì¬ô„ ²ñ‰¶ ªê™ô ñ£†ì£¡. Ü‰îˆ îQŠð†ì ñQîQ¡ªõOŠð£ì£è ñ†´‹ â¿‰î ð£ì™ Üõ«ù£´ º®‰¶ M´‹.

å¼º¬ø,

‘ªî¡øô£™ Ýù ªñ¡¬ñŠ Ì…CKŠ«ð ï‰îô£ô£’

â¡ø õKè¬÷ â¿FM†´, ÜîŸ° Ü´ˆî ð£ì™ õK õó£ñ™ðô ï£†èœ, ðô ñ£îƒèœ è£ˆF¼‰«î¡. âŠð®«òÂ‹ Ü‰îŠð£ì¬ô º®ˆ¶ Mì«õ‡´‹ â¡Á ºò¡Á «î£Ÿ«ø¡.H¡ªù£¼ ï£œ ï‰îô£ô£, Ü‰î õKè¬÷ H¼‰î£õùˆF™åOˆ¶ ¬õˆF¼‰î¬î‚ è‡´ ªè£‡«ì¡.

H¼‰î£õùˆF™ î£¡«êÂ¬ìò °¼ï£î˜ ýKî£êK¡êñ£F‚°„ ªê™½‹ õ£ŒŠ¹ âù‚°‚ A¬ìˆî¶. êñ£F¬ò„²ŸP ¶÷C õù‹. ÜƒA¼‰î ¶÷C„ªê® åšªõ£¡Á‹ å¼«è£H¬è â¡ø£˜èœ. ÞŠ«ð£¶‹ ªð÷˜íI Þó¾èO™è‡í¡ Üƒ° â¿‰î¼O‚ °öÖF, ó£úh¬ô ïìˆF,Üõ˜è«÷£´ Ý®Šð£®‚ èO‚Aø£ù£‹. ¶÷C„ªê®èª÷™ô£‹ «è£H¬èè÷£è àJ˜ˆªî¿ñ£‹; ñˆî÷º‹,A‡AE»‹ êôƒ¬è»‹, Cµƒè½‹, CKŠªð£L»ñ£èŠ ðóõêÞ¬êªò£¡Á è£ŸP™ Iî‰¶ õ¼ñ£‹.

ÜƒA¼‰î ¶÷C„ªê®è¬÷Š ð£˜ˆ«î¡. ÜõŸP™ªð£F‰F¼‰î õ£†ì‹ â¡¬ùˆ î£‚Aò¶. ‘å¼¬ñ»œ Ý¬ñ«ð£™ ä‰îì‚A’, Ü¬õ Ü´ˆî º¬ø Üõ¡ °öL¬ê¬ò‚«è†°‹ õ¬ó è£ˆF¼‚°‹ â¡Á «î£¡Pò¶ & e‡´‹è¬óõîŸè£è«õ ÞÁAŠ «ð£ù Þîòƒèœ. Ü‰îÞÁ‚èˆFÂœ«÷ ï£Â‹ å¼ èí‹ ¸¬ö‰¶FíPŠ«ð£«ù¡. e‡´ õ‰î «ð£¶ à¼‡´ õ‰î è‡a˜ˆ¶Oè«÷£´ º®ò£î Ü‰îŠ ð£ì½‹ º®¾Ÿø¶.

‘ªî¡øô£™ Ýù ªñ¡¬ñŠ Ì…CKŠ«ð ï‰îô£ô£ï‰îõù‹ Ì‚èM™¬ô c ñø‰¶ ªê¡øî£ô£’

èM¬îJ¡ðˆ¬îˆ ªîO‰î èMëù£™, õ£Q¼‰¶ õ¼‹ªê£Ÿè¬÷ˆ îMó, Ü‰î õ£ùŠ ðóŠ¹‚° e‡´‹ Üõ¬ùÜ¬öˆ¶„ ªê™½‹ ªê£Ÿè¬÷ˆ îMó, «õªø¬î»‹èM¬îªò¡Á åŠ¹‚ªè£œ÷ º®ò£¶. è‡íQ¡


àˆFgòˆ¬îˆ îKˆ¶‚ è‡íQ¡ óîˆF™ õ‰î£½‹àˆîõ˜ è‡íù£è º®‰îî£? è‡í¬ù àœ«÷ ð£˜ˆ¶à¡ñˆî‹ Ü¬ì‰î «è£°ô õ£CèÀ‚° ÜõÂ¬ìòàˆîgòº‹ ñJŸ dL»‹ °Pf´èœ ñ†´«ñ. â‰î Üôƒè£óº‹Þ™ô£ñ™ ¹¿F «ð£˜ˆî «ñQòù£Œ Üõ¡ õ‰î£½‹ Üõ¡Üö¬è Üõ˜èœ Þù‹ è‡´ ªè£œõ£˜èœ. èM¬î»‹ÜŠð®ˆî£¡. Üî¡ ªõOˆ«î£Ÿø‹ âŠð® Þ¼‰î£½‹ Ü¬î„ê‰F‚°‹«ð£¶ àœ÷‹ à¼°‹. è‡í¡ âŠð®Šðó‹ªð£¼O¡ võÏð«ñ£, èM¬î»‹ ÜŠð®«ò ðó‹ªð£¼O¡võÏð‹î£¡. Üõ¡ vðKêˆî£™ M¬÷»‹ ðóõêˆ¬îâ¡ù£™ èM¬î â¡Âœ ¹°‹ «ð£¶‹ ÜÂðM‚è º®Aø¶.

«õŒƒ°öô£«ù¡ c Þîö£ù£Œªñ£Nò£«ù¡ c ªñ÷ùñ£ù£Œê£Œƒè£ô «õ¬÷J™ õ£ùˆF¡ «è£ôˆF™ï£¡ C¬ôò£«ù¡ c àJ˜ˆî£Œ & ÞQæò£¶ ó£è‹ bó£¶ «ñ£è‹F¼‹Hò Þìªñ™ô£‹ c Þ¼‰î£ŒîEò£î î£è‹ îöô£ù «îè‹c«ó£¬ì à¡MNèœ ÜF™ ï¬ùˆî£Œ

***********


°PŠ¹ ËŸ ð†®ò™°PŠ¹ ËŸ ð†®ò™°PŠ¹ ËŸ ð†®ò™°PŠ¹ ËŸ ð†®ò™°PŠ¹ ËŸ ð†®ò™

Ü) “ð£óFò£˜ èM¬îèœ”“ð£óFò£˜ èM¬îèœ”“ð£óFò£˜ èM¬îèœ”“ð£óFò£˜ èM¬îèœ”“ð£óFò£˜ èM¬îèœ”

®.M.âv.ñE; YQ, M²õï£î¡ ðFŠ¹,

õ£ùM™ Hó²ó‹; ñÁðFŠ¹: 14&4&1982.

Ý) “Þó£ñ£õî£ó‹: è‹ð¡ èMñô˜”“Þó£ñ£õî£ó‹: è‹ð¡ èMñô˜”“Þó£ñ£õî£ó‹: è‹ð¡ èMñô˜”“Þó£ñ£õî£ó‹: è‹ð¡ èMñô˜”“Þó£ñ£õî£ó‹: è‹ð¡ èMñô˜”

è‹ð¡ èöè‹, ï£ñ‚è™, 1986.

Þ) “F¼õ£êè‹”“F¼õ£êè‹”“F¼õ£êè‹”“F¼õ£êè‹”“F¼õ£êè‹” : ñ£E‚èõ£êè˜

ÿ ó£ñA¼wí î«ð£õù‹, F¼Šðó£Œˆ¶¬ø, 5 Ý‹ðFŠ¹: 1985.

ß) “ÿ“ÿ“ÿ“ÿ“ÿ ï£ô£Jó FšòŠ Hóð‰î‹” ï£ô£Jó FšòŠ Hóð‰î‹” ï£ô£Jó FšòŠ Hóð‰î‹” ï£ô£Jó FšòŠ Hóð‰î‹” ï£ô£Jó FšòŠ Hóð‰î‹”

Ý›õ£˜èœ ÝŒ¾ ¬ñò‹, 1993.

à) “THE POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN KEATS”Ed. William T. Arnold, Mac Millan & Co., Ltd., London;1908.

á) “CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON” : IMMANUEL KANT.Tansl. Norman Kemp Smith. Mac Millan & Co. Ltd.,London, 1950.

â) “¹ó†C‚ èMë˜ ð£óFî£ê¡ èM¬îèœ”“¹ó†C‚ èMë˜ ð£óFî£ê¡ èM¬îèœ”“¹ó†C‚ èMë˜ ð£óFî£ê¡ èM¬îèœ”“¹ó†C‚ èMë˜ ð£óFî£ê¡ èM¬îèœ”“¹ó†C‚ èMë˜ ð£óFî£ê¡ èM¬îèœ”

ÿ ªê‡ðè£ ðFŠðè‹, 1995.

ã) “FIFTEEN POETS” :Oxford University Press, London 2nd imp., 1964.

ä) “THE CHIEF CURRENTS OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY”Dhirendra Mohan Datta, è™èˆî£ ð™è¬ô‚ èöèªõOf´, 3Ýõ¶ ðFŠ¹, 1970.

å) “F¼‚°øœ ªîO¾¬ó”:“F¼‚°øœ ªîO¾¬ó”:“F¼‚°øœ ªîO¾¬ó”:“F¼‚°øœ ªîO¾¬ó”:“F¼‚°øœ ªîO¾¬ó”: ì£‚ì˜ º. õóîó£êù£˜,F¼ªï™«õL ¬êõ Cˆî£‰î ËŸðFŠ¹‚ èöè‹ L†,F¼ˆFò ðFŠ¹, 1969.

æ) “ªî£ì ºò¡ø ªî£´õ£ù‹”:“ªî£ì ºò¡ø ªî£´õ£ù‹”:“ªî£ì ºò¡ø ªî£´õ£ù‹”:“ªî£ì ºò¡ø ªî£´õ£ù‹”:“ªî£ì ºò¡ø ªî£´õ£ù‹”: «ðó£CKò˜ õ.«õ.².õ£‚ò£ ªõOf´, 1987.

å÷) “THE POETS’S CRAFT”: A. F. ScottRepub. Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1967.


è) «è. óMJ¡ ªõOJìŠ ðì£î èM¬îèœ.«è. óMJ¡ ªõOJìŠ ðì£î èM¬îèœ.«è. óMJ¡ ªõOJìŠ ðì£î èM¬îèœ.«è. óMJ¡ ªõOJìŠ ðì£î èM¬îèœ.«è. óMJ¡ ªõOJìŠ ðì£î èM¬îèœ.â¿îŠð†ì Ý‡´ Ü¬ìŠ¹‚ °PèÀ‚°œ °P‚èŠð†´œ÷¶.

è£) “Þô‚Aò‚ è¬ô” :“Þô‚Aò‚ è¬ô” :“Þô‚Aò‚ è¬ô” :“Þô‚Aò‚ è¬ô” :“Þô‚Aò‚ è¬ô” : Ü.ê. ë£ùê‹ð‰î¡F¼ªï™«õL ¬êõ Cˆî£‰î ËŸðFŠ¹‚ èöè‹ L†.,2 Ü‹ ðFŠ¹, 1993.

A) “CôŠ“CôŠ“CôŠ“CôŠ“CôŠðFè£ó‹: Íôº‹ à¬ó»‹”ðFè£ó‹: Íôº‹ à¬ó»‹”ðFè£ó‹: Íôº‹ à¬ó»‹”ðFè£ó‹: Íôº‹ à¬ó»‹”ðFè£ó‹: Íôº‹ à¬ó»‹”

îI›Š ð™è¬ô‚ èöè‹ ðFŠ¹, 10 Ý‹ ðFŠ¹, 1985.

W) “Íõ˜ «îõ£ó‹” :“Íõ˜ «îõ£ó‹” :“Íõ˜ «îõ£ó‹” :“Íõ˜ «îõ£ó‹” :“Íõ˜ «îõ£ó‹” : Mˆ.«õ.ñè£«îõ¡,(ðFŠð£CKò˜ ÿ è£ñ«è£® ÝŒ¾ ¬ñò ªõOf´, 1988.

°) “è¬íò£N”“è¬íò£N”“è¬íò£N”“è¬íò£N”“è¬íò£N” (Þô‚Aò Þî›) ãŠó™ 1994.

Ã) “ð¬ìŠ¹‹ ð¬ìŠð£O»‹” :“ð¬ìŠ¹‹ ð¬ìŠð£O»‹” :“ð¬ìŠ¹‹ ð¬ìŠð£O»‹” :“ð¬ìŠ¹‹ ð¬ìŠð£O»‹” :“ð¬ìŠ¹‹ ð¬ìŠð£O»‹” : îIöõ¡:è£šò£, 1989.

ªè) “INDIAN POETICS AND WESTERN THOUGHTS”Ed. M.S. Kushwaha, Agro Publishing House,Lucknow.1988.

«è) “GATEWAY TO THE GREAT BOOKS” : Volume V “Critical Essays” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1963.

¬è) “THE FUTURE POETRY” : Sri Aurobindo Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, 3rd impression, 1994.

ªè£) “MUSIC AND THE ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE” Themes from the French Enlightenment Downing A. Thomas.:Cambridge University. 1995.

«è£) “INTRODUCTION TO BEAUTY” : Van Meter Ames Harper and Brothers, 1931.

ªè÷) “Üèï£ËÁ” & ñEI¬ì ðõ÷‹“Üèï£ËÁ” & ñEI¬ì ðõ÷‹“Üèï£ËÁ” & ñEI¬ì ðõ÷‹“Üèï£ËÁ” & ñEI¬ì ðõ÷‹“Üèï£ËÁ” & ñEI¬ì ðõ÷‹ ¹LÎ˜‚ «èCè¡ à¬ó, ð£K G¬ôò‹, ªê¡¬ù. 3&‹ ðFŠ¹ 1970.

ê) “êóvõF Ü‰î£F” :“êóvõF Ü‰î£F” :“êóvõF Ü‰î£F” :“êóvõF Ü‰î£F” :“êóvõF Ü‰î£F” : è‹ð˜, F¼õ£õ´¶¬ø Ýbù‹,1984.

ê£) “èM¬î Þô‚Aò‹, æ˜ ÝŒ¾”“èM¬î Þô‚Aò‹, æ˜ ÝŒ¾”“èM¬î Þô‚Aò‹, æ˜ ÝŒ¾”“èM¬î Þô‚Aò‹, æ˜ ÝŒ¾”“èM¬î Þô‚Aò‹, æ˜ ÝŒ¾”& º. M«õè£ù‰î¡ ÝCKò˜ ªõOf´ 1989

C) “è¼Š¹ ñô˜èœ” :“è¼Š¹ ñô˜èœ” :“è¼Š¹ ñô˜èœ” :“è¼Š¹ ñô˜èœ” :“è¼Š¹ ñô˜èœ” : ï£. è£ñó£ê¡îI›Š ¹ˆîè£ôò‹, 2Ý‹ ðFŠ¹ 1976.

Y) “¹¶‚ èM¬î:“¹¶‚ èM¬î:“¹¶‚ èM¬î:“¹¶‚ èM¬î:“¹¶‚ èM¬î: «î£Ÿøº‹ õ÷˜„C»‹”«î£Ÿøº‹ õ÷˜„C»‹”«î£Ÿøº‹ õ÷˜„C»‹”«î£Ÿøº‹ õ÷˜„C»‹”«î£Ÿøº‹ õ÷˜„C»‹”õ™L‚ è‡í¡, Ü¡ù‹ ªõOf´, 3Ý‹ ðFŠ¹ 1992.


²) “ðˆî£‡´ˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ”“ðˆî£‡´ˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ”“ðˆî£‡´ˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ”“ðˆî£‡´ˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ”“ðˆî£‡´ˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ”ì£‚ì˜ º. îI›‚°®ñè¡, ÜPªõ£O ðFŠðè‹, 1986.

Å) “H„êÍ˜ˆF èM¬îèœ”:“H„êÍ˜ˆF èM¬îèœ”:“H„êÍ˜ˆF èM¬îèœ”:“H„êÍ˜ˆF èM¬îèœ”:“H„êÍ˜ˆF èM¬îèœ”: ï. H„êÍ˜ˆFâ¿ˆ¶ Hó²ó‹, ªê¡¬ù. ºîŸðFŠ¹ 1975.

ªê) “îŸè£ôˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ ÝŒ¾”“îŸè£ôˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ ÝŒ¾”“îŸè£ôˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ ÝŒ¾”“îŸè£ôˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ ÝŒ¾”“îŸè£ôˆ îI›‚ èM¬îèœ ÝŒ¾”: Ý. îêóî¡International Printers and Publishers, 1982.

«ê) “Þô‚Aòˆ Fø¡”: “Þô‚Aòˆ Fø¡”: “Þô‚Aòˆ Fø¡”: “Þô‚Aòˆ Fø¡”: “Þô‚Aòˆ Fø¡”: ì£‚ì˜ º. õóîó£êù£˜ñÁðFŠ¹. î£òè ªõOf´ 1979.

¬ê) “LITERARY ESSAYS OF EZRA POUND”: Ed. T.S. Elliot. Faber and Faber - 1968.

ªê£) “è£AîˆF™ å¼ «è£´” :“è£AîˆF™ å¼ «è£´” :“è£AîˆF™ å¼ «è£´” :“è£AîˆF™ å¼ «è£´” :“è£AîˆF™ å¼ «è£´” : Ýˆñ£ï£‹‘ö’ ªõOf´, ªê¡¬ù.

«ê£) “Þ¼ðî£‹ ËŸø£‡“Þ¼ðî£‹ ËŸø£‡“Þ¼ðî£‹ ËŸø£‡“Þ¼ðî£‹ ËŸø£‡“Þ¼ðî£‹ ËŸø£‡´́́́́‚ èM¬îèO™ àõ¬ñèœ”‚ èM¬îèO™ àõ¬ñèœ”‚ èM¬îèO™ àõ¬ñèœ”‚ èM¬îèO™ àõ¬ñèœ”‚ èM¬îèO™ àõ¬ñèœ”ì£‚ì˜ ². ñ£KòŠð¡, G˜ñô£ ðFŠðè‹, ªêƒ¬è, 1994.

ªê÷) “Þô‚AòˆF™ ð®ñ‹” :“Þô‚AòˆF™ ð®ñ‹” :“Þô‚AòˆF™ ð®ñ‹” :“Þô‚AòˆF™ ð®ñ‹” :“Þô‚AòˆF™ ð®ñ‹” : Þó£ñ. «õ. êˆFòÍ˜ˆFð„ê£J Þó£ñê£I ªõOf´, «è£H. ºîŸðFŠ¹ 1983.

ì) “THE BIBLE”: The Gideons International

ì£) “Ü¼†°øœ”“Ü¼†°øœ”“Ü¼†°øœ”“Ü¼†°øœ”“Ü¼†°øœ” Ýù‰ˆ «ü£F ªõOf´, 1996.

®) “«è£´èœ Þ™ô£ àôè‹”:“«è£´èœ Þ™ô£ àôè‹”:“«è£´èœ Þ™ô£ àôè‹”:“«è£´èœ Þ™ô£ àôè‹”:“«è£´èœ Þ™ô£ àôè‹”: óñí¡Cˆî£˜ˆî£ ðFŠðè‹, 1985.

)̄ “Þñò‹ ªè£´ˆî Gô«õ”: “Þñò‹ ªè£´ˆî Gô«õ”: “Þñò‹ ªè£´ˆî Gô«õ”: “Þñò‹ ªè£´ˆî Gô«õ”: “Þñò‹ ªè£´ˆî Gô«õ”: «è£.ñEõ‡í¡ÝCKò˜ ðFŠ¹ & 1986.

´) “Þó†¬ì‚ è£ŠHòƒèœ”.“Þó†¬ì‚ è£ŠHòƒèœ”.“Þó†¬ì‚ è£ŠHòƒèœ”.“Þó†¬ì‚ è£ŠHòƒèœ”.“Þó†¬ì‚ è£ŠHòƒèœ”.

Ç) “AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE IN RELIGION”Geddes Mac Gregor, Mac Millan & Co. Ltd., London -1947.

ªì) “õ£™† M†ñÂ‹ îI›‚ èMë˜èÀ‹”“õ£™† M†ñÂ‹ îI›‚ èMë˜èÀ‹”“õ£™† M†ñÂ‹ îI›‚ èMë˜èÀ‹”“õ£™† M†ñÂ‹ îI›‚ èMë˜èÀ‹”“õ£™† M†ñÂ‹ îI›‚ èMë˜èÀ‹”è. Þó£ñ„ê‰Fó¡, ï˜ñî£ ªõOf´; 1992.

ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijravilit.com/book4/Namakkuth thozhil kavithai.pdf‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij...

Documents

Transcript of ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpijravilit.com/book4/Namakkuth thozhil kavithai.pdf‘ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij...