EIGRP for Managed Services Technology Deployment
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Transcript of EIGRP for Managed Services Technology Deployment
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1 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID 111
EIGRP FOR MANAGED SERVICESTECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENTSANGITA PANDYA
INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES DIVISION
DECEMBER 2004
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Agenda
INTRODUCTION
Fundamentals of EIGRP
DUAL
Summarization and Load Balancing
Query Process
Deployment Guidelines with EIGRP
Summary
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VPN for Many Managed Services
Service ProviderConverged Network
MANAGEDIPT
MANAGEDIPT
MANAGEDRouting
MANAGEDExtranet
MANAGEDInternet Gateway
MANAGED SecurityMANAGED Security
MANAGEDCPE
MANAGEDCPE
V i r t u a l P r i v a t e N e t w o r k
Customer
Branch
Customer
Branch
VMVM
VPN B
VMVM
Customer HQCustomer HQ
Service LevelAgreement for
MANAGED Services
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Managed Routing Revenue Opportunity
Over 50% of Cisco Enterprise Customers Deploy IPRouting with EIGRP
IP/MPLS VPN Backbone
EIGRP AS-1
PE-1PE-1
CE-1CE-1
EIGRP AS-1
PE-2PE-2
PE-3PE-3
CE-2CE-2
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CiscoExclusiveRobust EIGRP Support
BENEFITS:Service Provider: Simplest point of entry into enterprises existing architecture
Enterprise: Least disruption to current network design
VPN A/Site 1
VPN C/Site 2
VPN A/Site 2
VPN B/Site 2
VPN C/Site 1
CEA1
CEB3
CEA3
CEA2
CE1B1
PE1
PE2
PE3
P1
P2
P3
16.1/16
12.1/1612.1/16
16.2/16
16.2/16RIPv2
Static
OSPF
RIPv2
BGP
OSPF
RIPv2
BGP
12.2/1612.2/16
CEB2
Cisco IOSSupports the Industrys Most Comprehensive andRobust Routing Protocol Support: RIP, OSPF, BGP, ISIS,
Including EIGRP
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Managed EIGRP
Benefits for SPs and Enterprises:
Impose little requirements or no restrictions oncustomer networks
CE and C routers are NOT required to run newer code
(CE/C upgrades recommended for full SoO functionality)
Customer sites may be same or differentautonomous systems
Customer sites may consist of several connections to the
MPLS VPN backbone
Customer sites may consist of one or more connections notpart of the MPLS VPN backbone (backdoor links)
666
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Introducing EIGRP
EIGRP is architected by Cisco systems to overcomeshort comings of other protocols such as RIP, IGRPand OSPF
It is widely deployed in Enterprise networks MPLS VPN Service Providers also enable EIGRP
on their PE routers to support the connectingnetworks which may already be running EIGRP
EIGRP can also be used as CE-PE routing protocolfor MPLS VPN connectivity
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IGRP: Interior GatewayRouting Protocol
Cisco proprietary
Distance vector
Broadcast based
Utilizes link bandwidth and delay
15 hops is no longer the limit
90 seconds updates (RIP is 30 sec.)
Load balance over unequal cost paths
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IGRP/EIGRP Metrics Calculation
Metric = [K1 x BW + (K2 x BW) / (256 - Load) +K3 x Delay] x [K5 / (Reliability + K4)]
By Default: K1 = 1, K2 = 0, K3 = 1, K4 = K5 = 0
Delay is sum of all the delays of the link alongthe paths
Delay = Delay/10
Bandwidth is the lowest bandwidth of the link alongthe paths
Bandwidth = 10000000/Bandwidth
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Problems with RIP and IGRP
Slow convergence
Not 100% loop free
Dont support VLSM and discontiguous network
Periodic full routing updates
RIP has hop count limitation
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Advantages of EIGRP
Advanced distance vector
100% loop free
Fast convergence
Easy configuration Less network design constraints than OSPF
Incremental update
Supports VLSM and discontiguous network
Classless routing
Compatible with existing IGRP network
Protocol independent (support IPX and AppleTalk)
Connects MPLS VPN subscribers to their provides
seamlessly
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Advantages of EIGRP
Uses multicast instead of broadcast
Utilize link bandwidth and delay
EIGRP Metric = IGRP Metric x 256
(32 bit vs. 24 bit)
Unequal cost paths load balancing
More flexible than OSPF
Full support of distribute list
Manual summarization can be done in anyinterface at any router within network
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EIGRP Packets
Hello: Establish neighbor relationships
Update: Send routing updates
Query: Ask neighbors about routing information
Reply: Response to query about routing information
Ack: Acknowledgement of a reliable packet
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EIGRP Neighbor Relationship
Two routers become neighbors when they see eachothers hello packet
Hello address = 224.0.0.10
Hellos sent once every five seconds onthe following links:
Broadcast Media: Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, etc.
Point-to-point serial links: PPP, HDLC, point-to-point frame relay/ATM subinterfaces
Multipoint circuits with bandwidth greater than T1:ISDN PRI, SMDS, Frame Relay
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EIGRP Neighbor Relationship
Hellos sent once every 60 seconds on thefollowing links:
Multipoint circuits with bandwidth less than orequal to T1: ISDN BRI, Frame Relay, SMDS, etc.
Neighbor declared dead when no EIGRP packets arereceived within hold interval
Not only Hello can reset the hold timer
Hold time by default is three times the hello time
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EIGRP Neighbor Relationship
EIGRP will form neighbors even though hello timeand hold time dont match
EIGRP sources hello packets from primary address
of the interface EIGRP will not form neighbor if K-values are
mismatched
EIGRP will not form neighbor if AS numbers are
mismatched
Passive interface (IGRP vs. EIGRP)
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Discovering Routes
I am Router A, Who Is on the Link?
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Hello11
AA BB
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Discovering Routes
Update
afadjfjorqpoeru
39547439070713
Here Is My Routing Information (Unicast)
I am Router A, Who Is on the Link?
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Hello11
22
AA BB
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Discovering Routes
Thanks for the Information!Ack
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Update
afadjfjorqpoeru
39547439070713
Here Is My Routing Information (Unicast)
I am Router A, Who Is on the Link?
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Hello
33
22
11
AA BB
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TopologyTable
TopologyTable
Discovering Routes
Thanks for the Information!Ack
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Update
afadjfjorqpoeru
39547439070713
Here Is My Routing Information (Unicast)
I am Router A, Who Is on the Link?
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Hello
44 33
22
11
AA BB
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Here Is My Route Information (Unicast)Update
afadjfjorqpoeru
39547439070713
Thanks for the Information!Ack
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Update
afadjfjorqpoeru
39547439070713
Here Is My Routing Information (Unicast)
I am Router A, Who Is on the Link?
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Discovering Routes
Hello
AA BB
TopologyTable
TopologyTable
44
55
33
11
22
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Converged
Thanks for the Information!Ack
afadjfjorqpoeru
39547439070713
Discovering Routes
66
TopologyTable
TopologyTable
44
Here Is My Route Information (Unicast)Update
afadjfjorqpoeru
39547439070713
Thanks for the Information!Ack
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Update
afadjfjorqpoeru
39547439070713
Here Is My Routing Information (Unicast)
I am Router A, Who Is on the Link?
afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713
Hello
55
33
11
22
AA BB
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Agenda
Fundamentals of EIGRP
DUAL
Summarization and Load Balancing
Query Process
Deployment Guidelines with EIGRP
Summary
232323
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EIGRP DUAL
Diffusing update algorithm
Finite-State-Machine
Track all routes advertised by neighbors
Select loop-free path using a successor andremember any feasible successors
If successor lost
Use feasible successorIf no feasible successor
Query neighbors and recompute new successor
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EIGRP Feasible Distance (FD)
Feasible distance is the minimum distance (metric)along a path to a destination network
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TopologyTable
DestinationDestination Feasible Distance (FD)Feasible Distance (FD)
77
77
77
HH
BB
DD
100+20+10=130100+20+10=130
100+1+10+10=121100+1+10+10=121
100+100+20+10+10=240100+100+20+10+10=240
Feasible Distance Example
Network 7
FDDI
(10)(20)
(1) GG
CC
FFEE
BB
HH
DD
AA
(100)
(10)
(20)(100)
(100)
(100)
NeighborNeighbor
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EIGRP Reported Distance (RD)
Reported distance is the distance (metric)towards a destination as advertised by anupstream neighbor
Reported distance is the distance reported in thequeries, the replies and the updates
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Topology
Table
Reported Distance Example
FDDI
GG
CC
FFEE
Network 7
(10)(20)
(1)(100)
(10)
(20)(100)
(100)
(100)
BB
HH
DD
AA
DestinationDestination Reported Distance (RD)Reported Distance (RD)
77
77
77
HH
BB
DD
20+10=3020+10=30
1+10+10=211+10+10=21
100+20+10+10=140100+20+10+10=140
NeighborNeighbor
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EIGRP Feasibility Condition (FC)
A neighbor meets the feasibility condition (FC) if thereported distance by the neighbor is smaller than thefeasible distance (FD) of this router
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EIGRP Successor
A successor is a neighbor that has met thefeasibility condition and has the least cost pathtowards the destination
It is the next hop for forwarding packets
Multiple successors are possible (load balancing)
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EIGRP Feasible Successor (FS)
A feasible successor is a neighbor whose reporteddistance (RD) is less than the feasible distance (FD)
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12112177 BB
Router AsRouting Table
Successor Example
B is current successor (FD = 121)
H is the feasible successor (30 < 121)
DestinationDestination NeighborNeighbor
77
77
77
HH
BB
DD
TopologyTable
FDFD RDRD
3030130130
121121
240240
2121
140140
FDDI
GG
CC
FFEE
BB
HH
DD
AA
(20)(100)
Network 7
(10)(20)
(1)(100)
(10)
(100)
(100)
S
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Passive, Active, and Stuckin Active (SIA)
Passive routes are routes that havesuccessor information
Passive route = Good
Active routes are routes that have lost theirsuccessors and no feasible successors areavailable; the router is actively looking foralternative paths
Active route = Bad Stuck in Active means the neighbor still has not
replied to the original query within three minutes
Stuck in active = Ugly
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Dual Algorithm
Local computation
When a route is no longer available via the currentsuccessor, the router checks its topology table
Router can switch from successor to feasiblesuccessor without involving other routers in thecomputation
Router stays passive
Updates are sent
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DUAL: Local Computation
(1)
#2
#3
#4 #5
B C
FD E
#1
#6
G
A
#7
(100)
(100) (20)
(10)
(10)
(10)
H
#8
(20)
#7 121/21 B
#7 130/30 H
. . .
. . .
. . .
#7 121/21 B
#7 130/30 H
. . .
. . .
. . .
FDDIXX
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Dual Algorithm
Diffused Computation
When a route is no longer available via its currentsuccessor and no feasible successor is available,queries are sent out to neighbors asking about thelost route
The route is said to be in active state
Neighbors reply to the query if they have
informationabout the lost route; if not, queries are sent out toall of their neighbors
The router sending out the query waits for all ofthe replies from its neighbors and will makerouting decision based on the replies
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#7 121/21 B
#7 130/30 H
. . .
. . .
. . .
#7 121/21 B
#7 130/30 H
. . .
. . .
. . .
(1)
#2
#3
#4 #5
B C
FD E
#1
#6
G
A
#7
(100)
(100) (20)
(10)
(10)
(10)
H
#8
(20)
FDDIXX
DUAL: Diffused Computation
XX
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D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (2) (fd)
via B Cost (2/1) (Successor)
via C Cost (5/3)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (2) (fd)
via B Cost (2/1) (Successor)
via C Cost (5/3)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via D Cost (3/2) (Successor)
via C Cost (4/3)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via D Cost (3/2) (Successor)
via C Cost (4/3)
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D Cost (4/2) (fs)
via E Cost (4/3)
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D Cost (4/2) (fs)
via E Cost (4/3)
(1)
DUAL Example
XX
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)(2)
A
D
EC
B
(a)
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(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)(2)
A
D
EC
B
(a)
DUAL Example
QQ
D EIGRP Topology
(a) **ACTIVE** Cost (-1) (fd)
via E (q)
via C Cost (5/3) (q)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) **ACTIVE** Cost (-1) (fd)
via E (q)
via C Cost (5/3) (q)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via D Cost (3/2) (Successor)
via C Cost (4/3)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via D Cost (3/2) (Successor)
via C Cost (4/3)
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E Cost (4/3)
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E Cost (4/3)
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DUAL Example
RR
Q
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)(2)
A
D
EC
B
(a)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) **ACTIVE** Cost (-1) (fd)
via E (q)
via C Cost (5/3)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) **ACTIVE** Cost (-1) (fd)
via E (q)
via C Cost (5/3)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) **ACTIVE** Cost (-1) (fd)
via D
via C Cost (4/3) (q)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) **ACTIVE** Cost (-1) (fd)
via D
via C Cost (4/3) (q)
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
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DUAL Example
RR
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)(2)
A
D
EC
B
(a)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) **ACTIVE** Cost (-1) (fd)
via E (q)
via C Cost (5/3)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) **ACTIVE** Cost (-1) (fd)
via E (q)
via C Cost (5/3)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (4) (fd)
via C Cost (4/3) (Successor)
via D
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (4) (fd)
via C Cost (4/3) (Successor)
via D
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
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DUAL Example
RR
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)(2)
A
D
EC
B
(a)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (5) (fd)
via C Cost (5/3) (Successor)
via E Cost (5/4) (Successor)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (5) (fd)
via C Cost (5/3) (Successor)
via E Cost (5/4) (Successor)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (4) (fd)
via C Cost (4/3) (Successor)
via D
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (4) (fd)
via C Cost (4/3) (Successor)
via D
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
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DUAL Example
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)(2)
A
D
EC
B
(a)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (5) (fd)
via C Cost (5/3) (Successor)
via E Cost (5/4) (Successor)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (5) (fd)
via C Cost (5/3) (Successor)
via E Cost (5/4) (Successor)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (4) (fd)
via C Cost (4/3) (Successor)
via D
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (4) (fd)
via C Cost (4/3) (Successor)
via D
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
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(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)(2)
A
D
EC
B
(a)
DUAL Example (Start)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (2) (fd)
via B Cost (2/1) (Successor)
via C Cost (5/3)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (2) (fd)
via B Cost (2/1) (Successor)
via C Cost (5/3)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via D Cost (3/2) (Successor)
via C Cost (4/3)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via D Cost (3/2) (Successor)
via C Cost (4/3)
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D Cost (4/2) (fs)
via E Cost (4/3)
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D Cost (4/2) (fs)
via E Cost (4/3)
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(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)(2)
A
D
EC
B
(a)
DUAL Example (End)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (5) (fd)
via C Cost (5/3) (Successor)
via E Cost (5/4) (Successor)
D EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (5) (fd)
via C Cost (5/3) (Successor)
via E Cost (5/4) (Successor)
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (4) (fd)
via C Cost (4/3) (Successor)
via D
E EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (4) (fd)
via C Cost (4/3) (Successor)
via D
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
C EIGRP Topology
(a) Cost (3) (fd)
via B Cost (3/1) (Successor)
via D
via E
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464646 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Reliable Transport Protocol
EIGRP reliable packets are packets that requiresexplicit acknowledgement:
Update
QueryReply
EIGRP unreliable packets are packets that do notrequire explicit acknowledgement:
Hello
Ack
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474747 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Reliable Transport Protocol
The router keeps a neighbor list and aretransmission list for every neighbor
Each reliable packet (Update, Query, Reply) will beretransmitted when packet is not acked
EIGRP transport has window size of one (stop andwait mechanism)
Every single reliable packet needs to be
acknowledged before the next sequenced packetcan be sent
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484848 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Reliable Transport Protocol
With reliable multicast traffic, one must wait totransmit the next reliable multicast packets, untilall peers have acknowledged the previous multicast
If one or more peers are slow in acknowledging,all other peers suffer from this
Solution: The nonacknowledged multicastpacket will be retransmitted as a unicast to theslow neighbor
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494949 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Reliable Transport Protocol
Per neighbor, retransmission limit is 16
Neighbor relationship is reset when retry limit(limit = 16) for reliable packets is reached
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505050 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Agenda
Fundamentals of EIGRP
DUAL
SUMMARIZATION AND LOAD BALANCING
Query Process
Deployment Guidelines with EIGRP
Summary
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515151 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Summarization
Purpose: Smaller routing tables, smaller updates,query boundary
Auto summarization:
On major network boundaries, networks aresummarized to the major networks
Auto summarization is turned on by default
192.168.1.x
192.168.1.0
192.168.2.x
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525252 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Summarization
Manual summarization
Configurable on per interface basis in anyrouter within network
When summarization is configured on aninterface, the router immediate creates a routepointing to null zero with administrative distanceof five
Loop prevention mechanismWhen the last specific route of the summary goesaway, the summary is deleted
The minimum metric of the specific routes is used
as the metric of the summary route
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535353 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
192.168.9.X
192.168.10.X
192.168.8.0/22
interface s0ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.252
ip summary-address EIGRP 1 192.168.8.0 255.255.252.0
S0
AS 1
EIGRP Summarization
Manual summarization command:
ip summary-address EIGRP
192.168.8.X
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545454 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Load Balancing
Routes with equal metric to the minimum metric, willbe installed in the routing table (Equal Cost LoadBalancing)
There can be up to six entries in the routing table forthe same destination (default = 4)
ip maximum-paths
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555555 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Unequal Cost Load Balancing
EIGRP offers unequal cost load balancing featurewith the command:
Variance
Variance command will allow the router to includeroutes with a metric smaller than multiplier times theminimum metric route for that destination, wheremultiplier is the number specified by the variancecommand
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565656 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
10
20
10
10
20
25
A
B
C
D
E
Variance 2
Variance Example
Router E will choose router C to get to net X FD=20
With variance of 2, router E will also choose router Bto get to net X
Router D will not be used to get to net X
Net X
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575757 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Agenda
Fundamentals of EIGRP
DUAL
Summarization and Load Balancing
QUERY PROCESS
Deployment Guidelines with EIGRP
Summary
575757
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585858 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Have You Seen My Sparky?
EIGRP Query Process
EIGRP is AdvancedDistant Vectorit relieson its neighbor toprovide routinginformation
If a route is lost and nofeasible successor isavailable, EIGRP needsto converge fast, its onlymechanism for fast
convergence is toactively query for thelost route to itsneighbors
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595959 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Query Process
Queries are sent out when a route is lost and nofeasible successor is available
The lost route is now in active state
Queries are sent out to all of its neighbors on allinterfaces except the interface to the successor
If the neighbor does not have the lost routeinformation, queries are sent out to their neighbors
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606060 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Query Process
The router will have to get ALL of the replies fromthe neighbors before the router calculates thesuccessor information
If any neighbor fails to reply the query in threeminutes, this route is stuck in active and the routerresets the neighbor that fails to reply
Solution is to limit query range to be covered later inpresentation
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616161 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Query Range
Autonomous System Boundaries
Contrary to popular belief, queries are not bounded by ASboundaries. Queries from AS 1 will be propagated to AS 2
AS 1AS 2
Query for XReply for XQuery for X
A CB
Network XXX
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626262 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Query Range
Summarization point
Auto or manual summarization bound queries
Requires a good address allocation scheme
A CB130.130.1.0/24
B Summarizes 130.0.0.0/8 to A
130.x.x.x
Reply with Infinity and the
Query Stops Here!
Query for
130.130.1.0/24
XX129.x.x.x
Query for
130.130.1.0/24
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636363 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Bandwidth Utilization
EIGRP by default will use up to 50% of the linkbandwidth for EIGRP packets
This parameter is manually configurable by usingthe command:
ip bandwidth-percent EIGRP
Use for greater EIGRP load control
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646464 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Bandwidth over WAN Interfaces
Bandwidth utilization over point-to-pointsubinterface Frame Relay
Treats bandwidth as T1 by default
Best practice is to manually configurebandwidth as the CIR of the PVC
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656565 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Bandwidth over WAN Interfaces
Bandwidth over multipoint Frame Relay, ATM, SMDS,
and ISDN PRI:
EIGRP uses the bandwidth on the main interfacedivided by the number of neighbors on thatinterface to get the bandwidth information per
neighbor
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666666 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Bandwidth over WAN Interfaces
Each PVC might have different CIR, this might createEIGRP packet pacing problem
Multipoint interfaces:
Convert to point-to-pointBandwidth configured = (lowest CIR x numberof PVC)
ISDN PRI:
Use Dialer Profile (treat as point-to-point link)
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676767 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Agenda
Fundamentals of EIGRP
DUAL
Summarization and Load Balancing
Query Process
EIGRP FOR CE-PE CONNECTIVITY INMPLS VPN NETWORKS
Deployment Guidelines with EIGRP Summary
676767
EIGRP: CE-PE Routing Protocol in
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686868 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
gMPLS VPN
Support Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)routes through a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) VirtualPrivate Network (VPN) over a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)core network by redistributing EIGRP into MPBGP on aprovider edge router
Configuration is only on PE routers and requires no upgradeor configuration changes to customer equipment
Also support EIGRP extended community attributes
Things an enterprise customers needs to consider:
Things a Service Providers need to consider:
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696969 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
CE-PE Connectivity
Things an enterprise customers needs to consider:
Things a Service Providers need to consider:
Topology Ex:
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707070 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Agenda
Fundamentals of EIGRP
DUAL
Summarization and Load Balancing
Query Process
EIGRP for CE-PE connectivity in MPLS VPNNetworks
DEPLOYMENT GUIDELINES WITH EIGRP Summary
707070
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717171 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Factors That Influence EIGRP Scalability
Keep in mind that EIGRP is not plug and play forlarge networks
Limit EIGRP query range!
Quantity of routing information exchangedbetween peers
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727272 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
10.1.8.0/24
RTRB
RTRA
RTRC
RTRD
RTRE
Distribution Layer Remote Sites
Limiting Updates/QueriesExample
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737373 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Limiting Size/Scope of Updates/Queries
Evaluate routing requirements
What routes are needed where?
Once needs are determined
Use summary address
Use new EIGRP Stub feature
(To be discussed later)
Use distribute lists
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747474 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
10.1.8.0/24
RTRB
RTRA
RTRC
RTRD
RTRE
Distribution Layer Remote Sites
XXQueriesReplies
Limiting Updates/QueriesExample
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757575 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Limiting Updates/QueriesSummary
Remote routers fully involved in convergence
Most remotes are never intended to be transit
Convergence complicated through lack of
information hiding
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767676 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
10.1.8.0/24
RTRB
RTRA
RTRC
RTRD
RTRE
Distribution Layer Remote Sites
XXQueriesReplies
IP summary-address EIGRP 1 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
on all outbound interfaces to remotes
Limiting Updates/QueriesBetter
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777777 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Limiting Updates/QueriesSummary
Convergence simplified by adding thesummary-address statements
Remote routers just reply when queried
Limiting Updates/Queries
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787878 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
New Feature
New EIGRP STUB command is now available(12.0.7T and higher)
[no] EIGRP stub [receive-only] [connected] [static][summary]
Only specified routes are advertised.
Any neighbor receiving stub information from aneighbor will not query those routers for anyroutes
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797979 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Limiting Updates/QueriesBest
Best practice is to combine Summarization andEIGRP STUB command
/Q
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808080 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
10.1.8.0/24
RTRB
RTRA
RTRC
RTRD
RTRE
Distribution Layer Remote Sites
XXQueriesReplies
IP summary-address EIGRP 1 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 EIGRP stub connected
on all outbound interfaces to remotes on all remote routers C, D, and E
Limiting Updates/QueriesBest
Hi h /Add i
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818181 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Hierarchy/Addressing
Permits maximum information hiding
Advertise major net or default route to regionsor remotes
Provides adequate redundancy
EIGRP S l bilit
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828282 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Scalability
EIGRP is a very scalable routing protocol if properdesign methods are used:
Good allocation of address space
Each region should have an unique addressspaceso route summarization is possible
Have a tiered network design model(Core, Distribution, Access)
EIGRP S l bilit
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838383 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
EIGRP Scalability
Use of EIGRP Stub command if possible
Proper network resources
Sufficient memory on the router
Sufficient bandwidth on WAN interfaces
Proper configuration of the bandwidth statementover WAN interfaces, especially over Frame Relay
Avoid blind mutual redistribution betweentwo routing protocols or two EIGRP processes
Ti d N t k D i
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848484 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
DistributionLayer
Access Layer
Summarized Routes
Summarized RoutesSummarized Routes
Summarized Routes
Summarized Routes
Possible stubSummarized Routes
Possible Stub
Tiered Network Design
OtherRegions
OtherRegions
OtherRegions
OtherRegions
Core
N l bl N t k
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858585 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Core
TokenRing
TokenRing
3.3.4.01.1.1.0
3.3.4.0
1.1.4.0
3.3.3.0
2.2.1.0
1.1.3.0
3.3.1.0
1.1.2.02.2.3.0
2.2.2.0
TokenRing
TokenRing
TokenRing
Token
Ring
1.1.1.01.1.2.02.2.3.03.3.4.0
2.2.1.03.3.2.03.3.3.01.1.4.0
3.3.1.0
2.2.2.01.1.3.0
Nonscalable Network
Bad addressing schemeSubnets are everywhere throughout entire network
Queries not bounded
S l bl N t k
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868686 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Core
3.0.0.0
2.0.0.0
TokenRing
TokenRing
1.1.4.01.1.1.0
3.3.4.0
3.3.4.0
3.3.3.0
3.3.1.0
2.2.3.0
2.2.1.0
1.1.2.01.1.3.0
2.2.2.0
1.0.0.0
TokenRing
TokenRing
TokenRing
Token
Ring
Scalable Network
Readdress networkEach region has its own block of address
Queries bounded by using ip summary-address EIGRP command
S
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878787 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
Summary
Query range
Best way to limit query is through routesummarization and new EIGRP Stub command
EIGRP is not plug and play for large networks
Its a very scalable protocol with little designrequirement
Optimizing EIGRP network
Limiting query rangeRoute summarization
Tiered network design
Use of EIGRP Stub command
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