ACTIVATED CLAY®

ACTIVATED CLAY®

Superior Filtration – Long Life – Saves Money

ACTIVATED CLAY®

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• Highly efficient means of removing hydrocarbons, other oils and chemicals from aqueous solutions

– Reduces Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons to non-detectable levels. – Reduces Oil and Grease to non-detectable levels. – Reduces soluble hydrocarbons Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene, and Xylene to barely

detectable levels.

• Loading rate is exponentially greater than Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) – Captures 50%-140% its weight in pollutants vs 3-10% with GAC– Saves money of fitration media

• Won’t leach pollutants back into water or any substrate– Unlike carbon sponges, Activated Clay won’t spill pollutants pressed

• Environmentally friendly– Can be restored chemically or biologically and reused repeatedly

• Also for Industrial, Agricultural and Maritime applications– Improves the performance of fuels and working fluids

Applications of Activated Clay®

Key benefits

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• Aqua Technologies Inc cleans Produced Water Filtration, Closed Loop Water and Soil Remediation Systems, physical Spill Containment, flow through Vertical Trench Barriers, and Underwater flow through Contamination Caps.

• Activated Clay® manufactured by ATI has unique hydrophobic and oiliophilic characteristics that selectively remove hydrocarbons and a range of organic pollutants from aqueous streams down to extremely low levels.

• This simple product is simple, reliable & economic.– Physical process technologies – NO CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION– Cost far less to operate than conventional chemical injection processes– Creates no by-process waste

• ATI offers an industry leading off-the-shelf systems that can be easily scaled and transported with flows ranging from 50 GPM to 3000 GPM.

Simple & Reliable

Proven product

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• History– In the late 70’s & early 80’s  ATI was in the Oil & Gas Exploration, Drilling and

Production business.– As necessity is the mother of inventions, an accidental spill required them to

contain and remove crude oil from water, soil & rocks.– Existing approaches were simple, but ineffective: soap, saw dust, fire or

absorbent diapers.– ATI then saw the industrial need for a material that would adsorb oil only, but

not water.

• Organoclay– Sodium bentonite clay, the basic material in drilling mud and kitty litter, is

treated physically and chemically to repel water while absorbing hydrocarbons– Our unique water treatment product, called ET-1, is a product generally

referred to as a polymer modified bentonite or an organoclay. – ET-1 is manufactured by binding an amine polymer containing an nitrogen ion

onto bentonite clay and drying it in a granular form. • More specifically, the nitrogen end of the quaternary amine, the hydrophilic end, is positively charged,

and ion exchanges onto the clay platelet for sodium or calcium. The amines used are of the long chain type with 12-18 carbon atoms. After some 30 per cent of the clay surface is coated with these amines it becomes hydrophobic and, with certain amines, organophilic.

– The polymer binds to the bentonite's ionic surfaces and converts the clay from a hydratable form to an oil-wet, hydrocarbon adsorbent material ideal for water treatment applications.

Product Development

How it works

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Cleans produced water

Water Treatment with Activated Clay alone

• Produced water from natural gas field– Produced water is sweet (not salty), but contained

trace hydrocarbons – Petroleum dispersed into droplets too small to

separate with existing equipment– Production chemicals including foamers and

methanol that affect interfacial tension– Low water salinity interfered with the coalescing of

droplets

• Cleaned produced water so it can be discharged at surface (10mg/L)– Since enhanced separation equipment, such as hydrocyclones and centrifuges, had not been

adopted in the Rocky Mountains, adsorption alone was used to remove free and dispersed hydrocarbons to below discharge limits (10 mg/L).

– ET-1 organoclay successfully removed these components, while activated carbon removed the bulk of the dissolved contaminants. The installation also handled the expected system upsets and even trapped an accidental truckload of invert-emulsion drilling fluid.

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Cleans water to drinking standard

Water Treatment: Ionizer + Activated Clay

• In-field solution, no trucking– Modular, mobile or skid-mounted units– Ionizer breaks emulsions and drops solids from

suspension– Activated Clay absorbs 50%+ its weight in pollutants

versus activated carbon (3-10%)– Reverse-osmosis (RO) unit can be added for salty or

brackish water

Pollutant Before Ionizer + Clay After Ionizer + ClayChloride 12,100 parts per million (ppm) 10 ppm

Sulfur 8,700 ppm 47 ppm

Total Dissolved Solids 3,272 ppm 36 ppm

Hydrocarbons 50-250 ppm Not Detectable

• Cleans produced water so it can be discharged at surface– Units can be designed to achieve drinking water standards

• Aqua Technologies Inc (ATI) has supplied Activated Clay since 1999– Currently thousands of pounds of Activated Clay clean millions of gallons of process water daily.

ATI’s clients in the US and abroad range from refineries and major O&G companies to manufacturers and remediation projects.

ATI demo kit

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EPA Superfund Site

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) use

• McCormick-Baxter Organoclay Sediment Cap

– Covers ~58 acres of terrestrial and aquatic land on the east bank of the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon.

– Home of McCormick & Baxter company from early-1940s to 1990

– Treated wood products with chemical compounds such as pentachlorophenol (PCP), creosote, chromium and arsenic to soil, groundwater, and sediment.

– In 1990, the wood treatment operations ceased and early remediation actions were initiated to remove process equipment, piping tanks, and treatment formulations.

– In July of 2004 the 25 acres of the Willamette River bed and adjacent shore were covered by articulated concrete block over a layer of over 1.2 million pounds of ET-1 Activated Clay.

– See www.aquatechnologies.com

ACTIVATED CLAY®

Before Clean-Up

Building the Cap

After Clean-Up

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Scalable from small to large

Water Treatment Systems

ACTIVATED CLAY®

• Off-the-shelf treatment systems – Scalable and transportable – Flows ranging from 5 gallon per minute

(GPM) to 3000 GPM.

• Physical process technologies – NO CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION! – Low operating costs – No process waste

• Aqua Technologies‘ wastewater treatment services include

– Filtration hardware – Operation personnel – Long-term, fixed-rate, and by-the-gallon

treatment contracts.

• Performance Guarantee– Discharge limits me or ATI pays the fine!

5 GPM field testing unit

ATI achieves 10 million gallons treated in 2001

for 200 GM client

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Water Treatment Systems

Activated Clay in Flitration Systems

ACTIVATED CLAY®

• Typical wastewater treatment systems have 3 adsorbent containers:

– Primary adsorption vessel containing ET-1 organoclay– Redundant vessel with 100% back-up quantity– Polishing container of activated carbon (optional) – The final polishing step might be eliminated if BTEX or

other soluble organics are not an area of concern.

• The container volume and shape determined by:

– Fluid residence time of three minutes per vessel.– Superficial flow rate of approximately 1.6-2.0

gallons per minute per square ft. (gpm/sq. ft). • The recommended superficial flow rate

– Set conservatively– Specific installations may permit a substantially higher

flow rates. – Residence time is based on an intragranular porosity of

34-39%. – New installations take advantage of upflow adsorption, – Existing containers designed for granular activated

carbon usually work with ET-1 without modification.

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Commercial Units & Factory

Product Supply

ACTIVATED CLAY®

Activated Clay® is manufactured at ATI’s company owned, state of the art manufacturing facility in Casper, Wyoming.

ATI is the largest manufacturer of modified clay in the world with over 19,000 sqft of manufacturing space under roof.

ATI offers custom packaging for its clients that wish to re-sell, blend or use Activated Clay® under different trade names.

For further information contact

www.energyinvestgroup.com+44 20 3170 8940

Or

www.aquatechnologies.com +1 307 234 0009