EIA Chapter 5

8/9/2019 EIA Chapter 5

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Cadangan Pembangunan Projek Pendidikan Bagi SMK Julau NO.2, (30BD) Di Atas Lot 353, Block 3, Jikang

Land District, Sarawak Untuk Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia EIA Report

ABC Sdn Bhd 5-1

Chapter 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

Land clearing involves the clearing of vegetation and habitat losses of fauna. The

project site is currently covered with rubber trees and grassland. Land clearing at this

stage only involves the removal of mainly rubber trees and grass. The biological

management should limit vegetation clearing to project area, with sufficient buffer

zones to enable fauna to re-establish its habitat on nearby areas.

Mitigation Measures

y The project proponent must include a comprehensive landscaping program

and adequate buffer zones at boundary and within the project site.

y Re-establishment of riparian reserves of buffer zones (50m along the Sg.

Jikang) would help maintain the less mobile fauna species such as squirrels,

butterflies and birds.

y Clearing of vegetation (rubber trees, shrubs and undergrowth) must be limited

to areas within the boundary of the proposed project area only.

y Landscaping program or exercise must commence early, i.e. must begin

during the construction stage. The aesthetic impacts due to projectimplementation can be minimised by taking the following measures: -

y Implement the project as per design because the layout designs for the

project have taken cognisance of the aesthetic aspects of the project by

integrating open spaces and greenery with the infrastr ucture facilities.

y Ensure that the perimeter drains must be free from blockage to effectively

channel storm water or surface runoffs from the project site rather than as

overland flow, which can lead to localised flooding or flash flooding during the

construction stage.

y Integrating the landscaping works and turfing activities with the constructionactivities must be a continual process. Such practice will not only improve the

aesthetic appeal of the project but also helps reduce the exposure period of

surface soils.


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5.2 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Construction at the project site would increase and provide hindrance to the traffic

via Julau Feeder Road and KJD Road by slow moving vehicles travelling to-and-from

the project site. It will affect smooth flow of traffic, and thus a proper traffic

management program is required to regulate traffic flow throughout the entireconstruction period. Proper planning and strict compliance with safety procedures

can minimize traffic impacts.

Mitigation Measures

y The transportation of construction raw materials or mobilisation of

construction equipment/machinery must be carried out during off-peak hours

to minimise the impact on local traffic along the transportation corridor.

Vehicle movement must be scheduled to coincide with off -peak hours

(between 0830-1130 and 1330-1630 hours).y The vehicles used in the mobilization exercise must be regularly maintained to

ensure that they are operating efficiently.

y Qualified or well trained personnel must be stationed at strategic locations to

guide or control the traffic.

y Setup of sufficient number of effective traffic signs and warning signs along

construction areas is a must; to regulate traffic and warn public of construction

dangers and hazards.

y Ensure that only experienced drivers with good driving records are employed.

Acceleration and Deceleration Bay

Waiting bay orAcceleration and Deceleration Bay must be provided (constructed) at

the main entrance of the project site (as shown in Figures 5.1 and 5.2) where the

traffic will be directed into the main road (Julau Feeder Road) for safety of road users.

The specifications or design guidelines of the bay shall follow the State Planning

Authority Manual.


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Figure 5.1: Recommended Location of Acceleration & Deceleration Bay

Figure 5.2: Guidelines on Acceleration & Deceleration Bay (SPA Manual)


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ABC Sdn Bhd 5-4

Construction of Acceleration/Deceleration Bay and Entrance T-Junction

During the construction/resurfacing of acceleration/deceleration bay and entrance T-

Junction to project site, the contractor (wherever applicable) must follow the traffic

control/management procedures and guidelines outlined in the Manual on Traffic

Control Devices, Road Marking & Delineationof JKR Malaysia, as stated below:

Land Closure

y The length of taper used to close a lane is determined by the speed of traffic

and the width of the lane to be closed (the lateral distance traffic is shifted).

There are two formulas for determining the length of a taper (L) used for lane

closures (Table 5.1 of this section). If restricted sight distance is a problem,

the taper should begin well in advance of the view obstruction such as sharp

vertical or horizontal, curves.

Table 5.1: Formulas for Taper Length

y The beginning of tapers should not be hidden behind curves. Table 5.2 shows

the taper lengths, recommended number, and spacing of channelizing

devices.

y Generally, tapers should be lengthened, not shortened; to increase their

effectiveness. Observe traffic to see if the taper is working correctly. Frequent

use of brakes and evidence of skid marks is an indication that either the taper

is too short or the advance warning is inadequate.

y For closure or improvement of shoulder on a high-speed roadway, it should

be treated as a closure of a portion of the roadway , whereby the motorists are

expected to use in an emergency. The work area on the shoulder should be

preceded by a taper that may be shorter than that for lane closures. One-half

of the length (Table 5.2) is recommended as maximum for shoulder closure

tapers, provided the shoulder is not used as a travel lane. If the shoulder is

being used as a travel lane, either through practice or through use caused by

construction, a lane taper closure should be placed on the shoulder.


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ABC Sdn Bhd 5-5

Table 5.2:Taper Lengths for Lane Closures-Distance L

y Downstream taper is used at the downstream or end of the work area to

indicate to drivers that they can move back into the lane that was closed. It is

placed in the termination area. While closing tapers are optional, they may be

useful in smoothing traffic flow. They may not be advisable when materialtrucks move into the work area by backing up from the downstream end of the

work area.

y Closing tapers are similar in length and spacing to two -way traffic tapers.

y The buffer space is the open or unoccupied space between the transition and

work areas (Figure 5.3). With a moving operation, the buffer space is the

space between the shadow vehicle, if one is used, and the work vehicle.

y The buffer space provides a margin of safety for both traffic and workers . If a

driver does not see the advance warning or fails to negotiate the transition, a

buffer space provides room to stop before the work area.

y It is important for the buffer space to be free of equipment, workers, materials,and workers vehicles.

y Place channelizing devices along the edge of the buffer space. The

suggested spacing in meters is equal to two times the spacing for lan e closure

taper.

y Situations may occur where opposing streams of traffic are transitioned so

one lane of traffic uses a lane that normally flows in the opposite direction. In


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these situations, a buffer space should be used to separate the two tapers for

opposing directions of traffic because it could help prevent head on collisions.

y The work area is that portion of the roadway which contains the work activity

and is closed to traffic and set aside for exclusive use by workers, equipment,

and construction materials. Work areas may remain fixed locations or may

move as work progresses. An empty buffer space may be included at theupstream end. The work area is usually delineated by channelizing devices or

shielded by barriers to exclude traffic and pedestrians.

Figure 5.3:Area in a traffic control zone

y Conflicts between traffic and the work activity or potential hazards increase as:

o The work area is closer to the travelled lanes.

o Physical, deterrents to normal operation exist, such as uneven pavements,

vehicles loading or unloading.

o Seed and volume of traffic increase.

o The change in travel path gets more complex shifting traffic a few meters

in comparison with shifting traffic across the median and into lanes

normally used by opposing traffic.


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y Work areas that remain overnight have a greater need for delineation than

daytime operations.

y Use traffic control devices to make the work area clearly visible to traffic.

y Place channelizing devices between the work area and the travelled way.

Devices placed on a tangent (along the work area) to keep traffic out of a

closed lane should be spaced in accordance with the extent and type of

activity, the speed limit of the road way, and the vertic al, and horizontal

alignment such that it is apparent the lane is closed. For this roadway, the

devices should be-spaced 2 to 4 times the spacing for lane closure taper. For -

low-speed or urban roadways, a closer spacing may be used.

y Provide a safe entrance and exit for work vehicles.

y Protect mobile and moving operations with adequate warning on the work

and/or shadow vehicles.

y Flashing lights and flags must be considered on work vehicles exposed to

traffic.

y The termination area provides a short distance for traffic to clear the work

area and to return to the normal traffic lanes. It extends from the down stream

end of the work area to the PEMBINAAN TAMAT sign. A downstream taper

may be placed in the termination area.

y For some work operations, such as single location utility or maintenance

repair, it may not be necessary to display a sign as it will be obvious to drivers

that they have passed the work area.

y There are occasions where the termination area could include a transition. For

example, if a taper were used to shift traffic into opposing lanes around the

work area, then the termination area should have a taper to shift traffic back toits normal-path. This taper would then be in the transition area for the

opposing direction of traffic. It is advisable to use a buffer space between the

tapers for opposing traffic.

y Avoid gaps in the traffic control that may falsely indicate to drivers that they

have passed the work area, For example, if the work area includes

intermittent activity throughout a 1 -kilometer section, the drivers should be

reminded periodically that they are still in the work area. The primary purpose

of the guide sign KAWASAN KERJA is to inform the drivers of the length of

the work area. It must be erected before work begins.

Flaggers

y Flaggers are responsible for the safety of traffic and workers; their job is

important. They can promote good public relations because they have close

public contact. The image they project is often responsible for the publics

attitude toward the entire work operation.


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y For short work areas where both ends can be seen at the same time, only one

flagger is needed. Both directions of traffic must be able to see the flagger

and to recognize the person as a flagger. If this is not possible with one

flagger, use two.

y Flaggers should be visible, always face traffic and be prepared to warn the

worker to get out of the way if necessary. Do not allow other workers to gathernear the flagger. During lunch or other breaks, flaggers should leave their

station so that drivers will know that the flaggers are not on duty, and not think

they are ignoring their duties.

y Whenever a flagger is on duty, the advance flagger sign should be displayed

to traffic. When a flagger is not on duty remove or cover the sign. The

responsibility for placing and removing the PENGAWAL BEDERA DI

HADAPAN signs should be assigned to specific person.

y Schedule both work and relief hours for flaggers, and replacement flaggers

should be available. Choose flaggers who are alert, have good eyesight, q uick

reflexes and a thorough understanding of their job.

y Orange or fluorescent orange clothing such as a vest, shirt, or jacket for

flaggers is required. For night-time conditions, similar outside garments and

the flags used shall be reflectorized. Flaggers may use either a red 600mm

square flag or 600mm diameter circular Stop-Go paddle. (see Figures 5.4

and 5.5).

y On longer work areas, use two or more flaggers, and one of them should be

designated as chief flagger. The chief flagggrs job is to provide coordination.

A two-way radio may be needed for communication between two or more

flaggers. A flag or other token may be used where the flaggers cannot seeeach other. The flag or token is given to the last driver, in line with going

through the work zone and turned over to the flagger at the other end to

indicate that it is clear to send traffic through in the other d irection.

y In order to stop traffic, the flagman shall face traffic and extend the flag

horizontally across the traffic lane in a stationary position so that the full area

of the flag is visible hanging below the staff. For greater emphasis, the free

arm may be raised with the palm toward approaching traffic. (Figure 5.4)

y For work entirely beyond shoulder or parking lane, traffic control depends

primarily on devices such as advance warning signs, flashing vehicle lights

and f lags An advance warning sign should be used when any of the followingconditions may occur.

y No encroachment in the travelled lane means there is no direct interference

with traffic. When shoulder is occupied or closed, the motorist should be

advised and the workers should be protected. Usually, a single warning sign

is adequate. When an improved shoulder is closed on a high -speed roadway,

it should be treated, as a closure of a portion of the road system , which the


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ABC Sdn Bhd 5-9

motorist expects to be able to use in an emergency. The work area on the

shoulder should be closed off by a taper of channelizing devices .

Figure 5.4: Use of Hand Signalling Devices by Flagger

y Minor encroachment in the travelled lane -means when work on the shoulder

or, takes up part of a lane, traffic volumes, type of traffic (buses, trucks and

cars), speed, and capacity should be analyzed to determine whether the

affected lane .should be closed. Figure 5.6 illustrates a method for handling

traffic where the work area encroaches slightly into the travel way.

y When one lane is closed on a two-lane, two-way road, the remaining lane

must be used by traffic travelling in both directions. The short two-way traffic

taper (15 meters minimum) is used to slow traffic as it, approaches the work

space. Alternate one-way traffic control may be affected by the following

means:

o Two flaggers, one at each end of the work area.

o One flagger can assign right-of-way at a short work area with low volumes.

o For very short work areas at a spot location; traffic volumes and speeds

are very low the movement may be self-regulating. This method is not

satisfactory when the work area is near sharp hills and curves.


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ABC Sdn Bhd 5-10

Mobilisation

y Mobile operations are work activities that make frequent short stops up to a

15-minute period, such as litter cleanup or pot hole patching and are similar to

stationary lights, flags, and/or channelizing devices should be used.

y Do not decrease safety by using fewer devices simply because the operationwill change its location frequently. Use more visible devices that are portable.

Flaggers may be used but caution must be taken so they are not exposed to

unnecessary hazards. Move the control devices periodically to keep them

near the work area.

Moving Operations

y Moving operations are work activities where workers and equipment move

along the road without stopping, usually at slow speeds. The advance warning

area moves with the work area. Traffic should be directed to pass safely.

Parking at working zones may be prohibited and work should be scheduled

during off peak hours. For some moving operations, such as street sweeping,

if volumes are light and sight distances are good, a well marked and signed

vehicle may suffice. If volumes and/or speeds are higher, a shado w or backup

vehicle equipped as a sign truck should follow the work vehicle. Where

feasible, warning signs should be placed along the road and periodically be

moved as the work progress. In addition, vehicles may be equipped with flags,

flashing vehicle lights, and appropriate signs.

Based on the Manual of Roads and Traffic Authority of NewSouthwales,

TrafficControl at Worksite,if night works are applicable to the project site, the

following steps shall be followed:

y All personnel at the site shall we ar approved high visibility clothing.

y Site shall provide appropriate fl ash lighting.

y Additional signs and devices shall be provided where there is a reduction in

visibility.

According to Michigan Department of Transportation (see Figure 5.7),temporary traffic signal such as temporary concrete barrier shall be provided for

construction at road contraction zone or bridge. It is noteworthy that a bridge

crossing Sg. Jikang is located approximately 200 meters from the project site.


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Cadangan Pembangunan Projek Pendidikan Bagi SMK Julau NO.2, (30BD) Di Atas Lot 353, Block 3, Jikang LD, Sarawak U

ABC Sdn Bhd

Figure 5.5: Hand Signal Control


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ABC Sdn Bhd

Figure 5.6: Shoulder on One Side Closed


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ABC Sdn Bhd

Figure 5.7: Temporary Traffic Signal, Two Lane, Two Way Roadway


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ABC Sdn Bhd 5-14

5.3 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

The predominant air pollutant identified is dust particles and particulate matters

generated during construction stage. The presence of high level of respirable dust

(PM10) and total suspended particulate matters may pose adverse health effects to

on-site workers and nearby population. Mitigation measures must be taken to (i)

control and minimize dust generation from construction site to meet the regulatory

requirements of 8 hours per day) of high noise levels (>90 dBA) may

result in permanent shift of hearing threshold, and noise levels higher th an

community standards (


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ABC Sdn Bhd 5-15

Mitigation measures aim to (i) maintain noise levels at nearby communities belo w 65

dBA at the boundary of the Project site during daytime, below 55 dBA during night

time, (ii) protect or safeguard the public and workers health and safety, and (iii)

minimize the impact of noise on the surrounding areas at all times. On -site workers

should not be exposed to more than 90 dBA for more than 8 hours per day to

ensure that workers safety and health are in compliance with the OccupationalSafety and Health Act (1994) and Regulations.

Mitigation Measures

y No workers must be exposed to continuous noise level at or above 90 dBA for

more than 8 hours per day.

y No workers must be exposed to impulsive noise at or above 140 dBA at any

time.

y Monitoring to be carried out at the Project Site and boundary to ensure that

noise levels do not exceed the daytime limit of 65 dBA, and night -time limit of

55 dBA.

y Machines and tools are to be in good conditions and have adequate safety

features.

y Construction activities involving the utilisation of machinery and equipment

emitting high noise levels should be restricted to daylight hours only.

5.5 SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION

The development of the project site would involve earthwork, filling and compaction

at the project site. The filled surfaces (without vegetation cover) and other earthwork

activities would eventually expose raindrop effects and surface runoffs. Surface

runoff from unprotected soil surface causes soil particles to be washed down the

slopes and would cause sedimentation and/or siltation in nearby water courses.

y Implementation of feasible and effective soil erosion control measures and

waste management are necessary. Construction of drain blocks at strategic

locations (Figure 5.8) or sedimentation pond/silt traps (if necessary) by using

filtering bund such as biomass at strategic locations at or near water bodies is

deemed to be some of the most cost-effective ways of minimizing

sedimentation in nearby watercourses to meet the requirements of Standard

B of the Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents ) Regulations

1978 from discharge outlet of silt traps.


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Implement of these soil erosion control measures are to make sure discharge water

during construction period of the Project do not exceed the limit of 50 mg/L of Total

Suspended Solids (TSS).

Mitigation Measures

y During earthwork, cut-and-fill area should be divided into a few phase to

prevent exposure of soil to erosion factor until designed platform level of

17.00 m - 31.00m MSL as indicated in Appendix V.

y Consolidate and compact all fill areas firmly to prevent soil erosion.

y To minimize ground disturbance and soil erosion, work must not be carried

out during rainy days.

y Phasing of development must be practised. Site preparation and construction

activities are to be planned in a manner where the time lag between theses

activities is minimised to avoid prolonged and unnecessary exposure of bare

soil to rainfall. Exposed areas not meant for further development must be

turfed as soon as possible.

y Both temporary and permanent surface drains and diversion bunds must be

provided for the conveyance of surface runoff to minimise overland flow on

exposed soil. This is particularly important during wet season.

y Stockpile topsoil for later use in vegetation.

y Carry out progressive re-vegetation of exposed area and in tandem with slope

stabilisation works.

y Soil erosion control and management plan incorporating temporary and

permanent measures during site clearing, earthworks a nd during operationshould be adopted.

y Construction of roadside drains along proposed access road to divert surface

runoffs away from project site.

y Located spoil dumps at suitable sites away from surface water bodies.

y Avoid spoil dumps sites in virgin dipterocarp forest, riparian forest or within

50m buffer strip retained along rivers.

y Compact soil dumps, turf and replant with indigenous tree species.

y Ensuring that the vehicles used are not overloaded and that the loads are

securely covered with tarpaulin to prevent any spillage during transport.

y Replanting of vegetation and construction of concrete retaining walls along

areas most susceptible to erosion.

y Landscaping works and turfing activities should commence as soon as

possible. This will help reduce th e period the exposure of surface soil.

y Earth bund must be constructed along the perimeter of site boundary as

indicated in Figure 5.9 and 5.10. Earth filling works shall initiate from setting

up earthbund along the site boundary perimeter and followed by c ontinual


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filling towards the core to minimize soil erosion and surface runoff into nearby

waterways.

y Drain blocks (Figures 5.9 & 5.11) shall be constructed and maintained at

strategic locations as indicated in with diversion drains and/or diversion bunds

to direct runoff to drain blocks to filter polluted surface runoff before being

discharge into the natural watercourses downstream. Implement feasible andeffective control measures to ensure all exposed areas are well protected and

not becoming a source of water pollution.

y Regulator de-silting work shall be carried out, and recovered silts are to be

disposed off properly to prevent re-entry to drainage system.

y All soil protection measures shall be carried out with special focus on the

construction of 1) drain blocks at selected intervals and vegetative buffer strip,

and 2) turfing.

y Such measures are usually carried out concurrently with the drainage plans.

The guidelines provided in the Urban Drainage Design Standards and

Procedures should be followed.

For this proposed project, temporary drain blocks (see Figure 5.11) must be

used to trap runoff sediments from disturbed/exposed surfaces (roads, landings,

storage, yards, camps, natural and artificial drains). Runoffs loaded with soil

particles can be temporarily detained by the drain blocks to allow sediment to

drop out (settle down) and to be retained behind the blocks in the accumulation

pockets formed by the brick blocks while the clear water (top layer) shall be

automatically be released by over-flowing. These drain blocks are proposed to be

situated along the existing perimeter drains surrounding the proposed Project site ,

and along the main roadside (Julau Feeder Road) drains stretching from the

entrance to project to Sg. Jikang (near bridge).

Height of half of the drain height, i.e., H/2, as shown in Figure 5.11 is proposed

as the drain blocks height - it is believed to be the optimum and most workable

strategy at site. Height of lower than half drain height (H/2) may

cause wash out of sediments during heavy downpours. Sediments trapped

behind the silt blocks must be immediately removed or cleared after rainfall(regardless heavy or light rain). The drain blocks may be demolished after the

completion of earth works and piling works.


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Figure 5.8: Proposed Locations for Cut Slopes and Drain Blocks


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Figure 5.9: Proposed Earth Bund at Project Site.

Figure 5.10: Proposed Method of Filling on Site


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Figure 5.12: Lateral filtering bunds at Cut Slopes

Figure 5.13: Biomass Bunds on Outer Edge of Cut Slopes.


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5.6 CHANNEL DIVERSION: STRAIGHTENING

Figure 5.14 (also see Appendix V) shows the location of channel diversion works,

whereby actual excavation work shall involve a length of approximately 60 meters

(12m wide, 6m deep); estimated 1,440 m3 to be excavated. It was noted that the

water flow depth was always


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y The excavation work will generate a volume of approximately 1,440 m3 of

spoil. As shown in Figure 5.17, the spoil is to be land-filled or dumped behind

the buffer zone (marked in green color in Figure 5.17).

y Gradient of the diversion shall be similar to the existing river bed or water level

profile shall be taken into consideration to ensure smooth water flow during

operational period.

y Environmental conservation and enhancement concept must be practised

during the felling of trees whereby the clearing shall only restricted to the

diversion area, and not beyond the boundary of diversion channel.

y The capacity /size of the diverted channel shall at least equal to, or larger than

the upstream channel of the existing channel to avoid the occurrence of flash

flooding.

y Retaining wall/river wall shall be provided (if needed) to ensure the river

channel stability.

y The channel diversion shall be agreed by Sarawak River Board and the

provision and regulations shall be adopted.

Figure 5.14: Location of Channel Diversion.


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Figure 5.15: Channel Diversion Details.


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Figure 5.16: Channel Diversion Details (Section A-A).


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Figure 5.17: Channel Diversion Details (Section B-B).


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Figure 5.18: Channel diversion Details (Detail X).

5.7 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

During construction, earthworks are the inevitable activities that involve clearing of

vegetation and cut-and-fill operations. Exposing unprotected soil surfaces is the

primary cause of soil erosion that subsequently ends up in waterways as sediments.

Sedimentation in nearby waterways directly increases turbidity and decreasesdissolved oxygen in water deteriorates the aquatic environment of a river or stream.

Implementation of a cost-effective soil erosion minimization measure and proper

sewage treatment and waste management programs must be carried out to meet the

legislative requirements of water quality standards to maintain Class IIB of the

Interim National Water Quality Standard for Malaysia for existing watercourses. Also,

effluents from the sewage treatment system and the discharge from outlets of drain

blocks (drain blocks are more cost-effective than silt traps) are to meet the standard

B requirements of the Environmental Quality (Sewage & Industrial Effluents)

Regulations 1978. Discharges from proposed project development must be

monitored to ensure that Total Suspended Solids are to be maintained below 50

mg/L.


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Mitigation Measures

y Channel surface runoffs from erosion prone areas to drain blocks (instead of

silt traps sedimentation ponds) so that a great majority of the sediments can

be trapped the drain blocks settle before discharging into nearby water

receiving bodies.y Grow indigenous legume plants exposed surfaces.

y De-silting of drain block after every rainfall event must be carried out.

y Prevent fuel, oil and grease from getting into nearby Sg. Jikang.

y Dispose off scheduled wastes such as oil and grease discharge at site

workshop(s) from maintaining work of site vehicles, equipment and

machineries according to Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)

Regulation, 2005 (DOE approved contracted licensed disposal of as

scheduled wastes are included in Appendix I).

y Stored all scheduled wastes in secured/approved containers, which are

durable and are able to prevent spillage or leakage of the scheduled waste

into the environment.

y Clearly label containers of scheduled wastes in accordance with the Third

Schedule for identification and warning purposes.

y Store incompatible scheduled wastes in separate containers.

y Areas for the storage of scheduled wastes containers must be designed and

constructed as confine wall and base to serve as spill containment area to

contain any oil spill (if any). The spill containment area must be weill

maintained adequately to prevent spillage or leakage of scheduled wastes

into the environment.y Dumping of any waste material direct into the watercourses is strictly

prohibited.

y Servicing of machinery and vehicles should be carried out at a designated

area or garage equipped with collection drains for oil and grease traps, etc. to

prevent oily waste from leaching into the ground or into water receiving

bodies.

y Oil and grease trap should be installed at workshop, dining hall, canteen and

scheduled wastes storage area. Figure 5.19 shows a conceptual design of

oil and grease trap and Figure 5.20 shows the design of a proposed

separator for removal of emulsified oil (Detail s of the separator is attached inAppendix VII).

y Skid tanks should be located on a stable ground and properly bunded to

contain any spillage of fuel, oil and grease.

y Base camps should be equipped with individual septic tanks capable of

treating the sewage to Standard B of the Environmental Quality (Sewage &

Industrial Effluents) Regulations.


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Figure 5.19: Conceptual Design of Oil and Grease Trap


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5.8 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

During construction stage, certain amount of biomass will be generated resulting

from cleared vegetation such as rubber trees, shrub and undergrowth. The

predominant by products of degradation or decomposition process of biomass are

leachate and odour. Hence, proper disposal and management of solid waste andbiomass are important to prevent groundwater and watercourses from being

contaminated with biomass leachate. During construction stage, solid wastes are

generally generated from disused construction materials, wrappings and containers.

Mitigation Measures

y No open burning of any biomass and its disposal should be by natural

decomposition or disposed off at approved dumping site s.

y It is recommended that the biomass generated from the cleared vegetation bestacked at the vacant part of the project site for nat ural decomposition.

y If burning is the alternative, proponent/contractor must obtain the open

burning permit from the NREB in advance.

y Stockpiling of assorted biomass for reuse or for proper disposal. All stockpiles

must be kept away from traffic.

y Sort reusable woods from unusable biomass, while the u nused vegetative

wastes, comprising of mainly from undergrowth must be stacked properly at

the side to decompose naturally.

y Appoint personnel to oversee the overall waste management program during

the construction and completion of the project.

y Provide specific area within the project site or receptacles at strategic

locations for the collection of waste materials prior to disposal at designated

or approved municipal sites.

y Optimise the use of construction materials to reduce waste generation.

5.9 SOCIO-ECONOMICS CONSIDERATIONS

The presence of local and foreign workers on site may create socio -culturalproblems to the nearby or local residents. This is particularly true when foreigner

and local issues are not well addressed by the Project Proponent. Social-economics

considerations are needed to ensure that the locals are not affected negatively by

the construction activities, to maintain a healthy working relationship among the

workers and nearby residents and to respect the religion, culture and customs of the

locals.


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Mitigation Measures

y Priority of employment and businesses should be given to suitable local

workforce or residents.

y Segregate site office and workers base camps from local residents.

y No hunting and poaching are allowed.

y New foreign workers should be adequately screened prior to recruitment.

5.10 HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY

The primary concerns of occupational health and safety during project construction

stage are exposure to air pollutants such as respirable dust, prolonged exposure to

high noise levels, and construction site safety. The base camp hygiene condition isan important issue such as water supply, sanitary facilities, sewage disposal facilities,

hygiene and proper ventilated living quarters (if any), etc. Human health and safety

mitigation measures are required to prevent construction related accidents from

happening during the entire Project life, and to provide a safe work environment for

workers and nearby residents during construction stage.

Mitigation Measures

y Appoint qualified personnel such as Safety Officer to be in-charge-of health

and safety to ensure safety procedures are observed, in additional topromoting safe conduct of work at the work place.

y Erect Warning Signs, Danger Signs, Safety Signs, Speed Limit Signs, etc. at

construction area to prevent accidents, and to direct traffic flow at from proj ect

areas and to prevent unauthorized personnel entry to construction site.

y Provide health and safety gears to concerned workers such as safety boots,

earplug, facemasks, and hard helmets.

y Proper housekeeping at the construction site with construction mate rials and

equipment stockpile at allocated designation s to ensure that health and safety

aspects of the workplace are maintained.

y Promote worksite safety by instilling safety awareness among the workers,

e.g. through safety briefing.

y Workers working on elevated areas should be equipped with appropriate

safety gears.

y Admission to the construction site should continue to be restricted to

authorized personnel only.

y All serious accidents at the site must be reported to the relevant autho rity.


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y All the contractors involved in the construction activities should adhere to the

relevant Rules and Regulations under the Laws of Malaysia, especially those

pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994.

y All vehicles, equipment and machinery must be inspected and serviced

regularly to ensure that they operate optimally and safely.

y Construction activities and mobilisation of vehicles and equipment associated

with infrastructure development must not be carried out in the event of

adverse weather condition, e.g. thick haze situation, heavy thunderstorms,

and so on.

Base Camp Hygiene

y Provide the workers with proper sanitation facilities in accordance with the

guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health such as sewage, water supply,

wastewater and waste disposal for new site office and workers quarters.

y Water storage tanks must be properly screened to prevent the breeding of

mosquitoes. To prevent mosquito-related diseases, the site office and

workers quarters should be adequately covered with protective netting at the

windows and other ventilation open spaces or corridors.

y Camp areas must be well drained so that water does not pond or create

mosquito breeding areas.

y Base camps are equipped with electricity from the local provider or the usage

of diesel generator.

y Provide proper rubbish bins or purpose built receptacles. Designating specificareas within the project site as collection points where solid waste can be

stored while awaiting collection and disposal.

First Aid and Medical Services

y Provide first aid training to all concerned personnel and provide assistance

and medical services for workers to nearby medical facility for serious cases

and as when needed.

y Keep and maintain on site adequate supply of medicines and medicalequipment for first aid purposes on site.

y Smoking is not allowed near the fuel storage tank and during fuel dispensing.


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Workers Safety

In construction project, the 10 OSHA standards most frequently cited were:

i. Scaffolding

ii. Fall protection (scope, application, definitions)iii. Excavations (general requirements)

iv. Ladders

v. Head protection

vi. Excavations (requirements for protective systems)

vii. Hazard communication

viii. Fall protection (training requirements)

ix. Construction (general safety and health provisions)

x. Electrical (wiring methods, design and protection)

Scaffolding

y Scaffold must be sound, rigid and sufficient to carry its own weight plus four

times the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. It must be

erected on solid footing.

y Unstable objects, such as barrels, boxes, loose bricks or concrete blocks

must not be used to support scaffolds or planks.

y Scaffold must not be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except under the

supervision of a competent person.

y Scaffold must be equipped with guardrails, mid -rails and toe boards.

y Scaffold accessories such as braces, brackets, trusses, screw legs or ladders

that are damaged or weakened from any cause must be immediately repaired

or replaced.

y Scaffold platforms must be tightly planked with scaffold plank grade material

or equivalent.

y A competent person must inspect the scaffolding and, at designated

intervals, re-inspect it.

y Rigging on suspension scaffolds must be inspected by a competent person

before each shift and after any occurrence that could affect structural integrityto ensure that all connections are tight and that no damage to the rigging has

occurred since its last use.

y Synthetic and natural rope used in suspension scaffolding must be protected

from heat-producing sources.

y Employees must be instructed about the hazards of using diagonal br aces as

fall protection.


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y Scaffold can be accessed by using ladders and stairwells.

y Scaffolds must be at least 10 feet from electric power lines at all times.

Fall protection

y Consider using aerial lifts or elevated platforms to provide safer elevated

working surfaces;

y Erect guardrail systems with toe boards and warning lines or install control

line systems to protect workers near the edges of floors and roofs;

y Cover floor holes; and/or

y Use safety net systems or personal fall arrest systems (body harnesses).

Ladders

y Use correct ladder for a specific task.

y Hire a competent person visually inspect a ladder before use for any defects

such as:

Structural damage, split/bent side rails, broken or missing

rungs/steps/cleats and missing or damaged safety devices;

Grease, dirt or other contaminants that could cause slips or falls;

Paint or stickers (except warning labels) that could hide possible d efects.

y Make sure that ladders are long enough to safely reach the work area.

y Mark or tag (Do Not Use) damaged or defective ladders for repair orreplacement, or destroy them immediately.

y Never load ladders beyond the maximum intended load or beyond t he

manufacturer's rated capacity.

y Be sure the load rating can support the weight of the user, including materials

and tools.

y Avoid using ladders with metallic components near electrical work and

overhead power lines.

Stairways

y Stairway treads and walkways must be free of dangerous objects, debris and

materials.

y Slippery conditions on stairways and walkways must be corrected

immediately.

y Make sure that treads cover the entire step and landing.


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y Stairways having four or more risers or rising more than 30 inches must have

at least one handrail.

Trenching

y Never enter an unprotected trench.

y Always use a protective system for trenches feet deep or greater.

y Employ a registered professional engineer to design a protective system for

trenches of 6.09 meters or 20 feet deep or greater.

y Protective Systems:

y Sloping to protect workers by cutting back the trench wall at an angle inclined

away from the excavation not steeper than a height/depth ratio of 11 2 :1,

according to the sloping requirements for the type of soil.

y Shoring to protect workers by installing supports to prevent soil movement for

trenches that do not exceed 20 feet in depth.

y Shielding to protect workers by using trench boxes or other types of supports

to prevent soil cave-ins

y Always provide a way to exit a trench--such as a ladder, stairway or ramp--no

more than 25 feet of lateral travel for employees in the trench.

y Keep spoils at least two feet back from the edge of a trench.

y Make sure that trenches are inspected by a competent person prior to entry

and after any hazard-increasing event such as a rainstorm, vibrations or

excessive surcharge loads.

Sloping

y Maximum allowable slopes for excavations less than 20 ft. (6.09 m) based on

soil type and angle to the horizontal are as shown in Table 5.3.


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Table 5.3: Allowable Slopes

Soil type Height/Depth ratio Slope angle

Stable Rock(granite or sandstone) Vertical 90

Type A(clay) 3/4 :1 53

Type B(gravel, silt) 1:1 45

Type C(sand) 11/ 2:1 34

Type A (short-term)(For a maximum excavation depth of 12 ft.) 1/ 2:1 63

Source: OSHA Technical Manual,Section V, Chap. 2, Excavations: Hazard Recognition in Trenching

andShoring (Jan. 1999).

Cranes

y Check all crane controls to insure proper operation before use.

y Inspect wire rope, chains and hook for any damage.

y Know the weight of the load that the crane is to lift.

y Ensure that the load does not exceed the crane's rated capacity.

y Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and the effectiveness of the

brake system.

y Check all rigging prior to use; do not wrap hoist ropes or chains around the

load.

y Fully extend outriggers.

y Do not move a load over workers.

y Barricade accessible areas within the crane's swing radius.

y Watch for overhead electrical distribution and transmission lines and maintain

a safe working clearance of at least 10 feet from energized electrical lines.

Hazard Communications

y Maintain a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each chemical in the

facility.y Make this information accessible to employees at all times in a language or

formats that are clearly understood by all affected personnel.

y Train employees on how to read and use the MSDS.

y Follow manufacturer's MSDS instructions for handling hazardous che micals.

y Train employees about the risks of each hazardous chemical being used.

y Provide spill clean-up kits in areas where chemicals are stored.


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y Have a written spill control plan.

y Train employees to clean up spills, protect themselves and properly dispose

of used materials.

y Provide proper personal protective equipment and enforce its use.

y Store chemicals safely and securely.

Head Protection

y Be sure that workers wear hard hats where there is a potential for objects

falling from above, bumps to their heads from fixed objects, or accidental

head contact with electrical hazards.

Forklifts

y Train and certify all operators to ensure that they op erate forklifts safely.

y Do not allow any employee under 18 years old to operate a forklift.

y Properly maintain haulage equipment, including tires.

y Do not modify or make attachments that affect the capacity and safe

operation of the forklift without writt en approval from the forklift's

manufacturer.

y Examine forklift truck for defects before using.

y Follow safe operating procedures for picking up, moving, putting down and

stacking loadsy Drive safely-never exceed 5 mph and slow down in congested or slippery

surface areas.

y Prohibit stunt driving and horseplay.

y Do not handle loads that are heavier than the capacity of the industrial truck.

y Remove unsafe or defective forklift trucks from service.

y Operators shall always wear seatbelts.

y Avoid traveling with elevated loads.

y Assure that rollover protective structure is in place.

y Make certain that the reverse signal alarm is operational and audible above

the surrounding noise level.


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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Eye and Face Protection

y Safety glasses or face shields are worn anytime work operations can cause

foreign objects getting into the eye such as during welding, cutting, grinding,nailing (or when working with concrete and/or har mful chemicals or when

exposed to flying particles).

y Eye and face protectors are selected based on anticipated hazards.

y Safety glasses or face shields are worn when exposed to any electrical

hazards including work on energized electrical systems.

Foot Protection

y Construction workers should wear work shoes or boots with slip-resistant and

puncture-resistant soles.

y Safety-toed footwear is worn to prevent crushed toes when working around

heavy equipment or falling objects.

Hand Protection

y Gloves should fit snugly.

y Workers wear the right gloves for the job (for example, heavy-duty rubbergloves for concrete work, welding gloves for welding, insulated gloves and

sleeves when exposed to electrical hazards).

Head Protection

y Workers shall wear hard hats where there is a potential for objects falling from

above, bumps to their heads from fixed objects, or of accidental head contact

with electrical hazards.

y Hard hats are routinely inspected for dents, cracks or deterioration.y Hard hats are replaced after a heavy blow or electrical shock.

y Hard hats are maintained in good condition.


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Scaffolding

y Scaffolds should be set on sound footing.

y Damaged parts that affect the strength of the scaffold are taken out of service.

y Scaffolds are not altered.

y All scaffolds should be fully planked.

y Scaffolds are not moved horizontally while workers are on them unless they

are designed to be mobile and workers have been trained in the proper

procedures.

y Employees are not permitted to work on scaffolds when covered with snow,

ice, or other slippery materials.

y Scaffolds are not erected or moved within 10 feet of power lines.

y Employees are not permitted to work on scaffolds in bad weather or high

winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe to do so.

y Ladders, boxes, barrels, buckets or other makeshift platforms are not used toraise work height.

y Extra material is not allowed to build up on scaffold platforms.

y Scaffolds should not be loaded with more weight than they were designed to

support.

Electrical Safety

y Work on new and existing energized (hot) electrical circuits is prohibited until

all power is shut off and grounds are attached.y An effective Lockout/Tagout system is in place.

y Frayed, damaged or worn electrical cords or cables are promptly replaced.

y All extension cords have grounding prongs.

y Protect flexible cords and cables from damage. Sharp corners and projections

should be avoided.

y Use extension cord sets used with portable electric tools and appliances that

are the three-wire type and designed for hard or extra -hard service. (Look for

some of the following letters imprinted on the casing: S, ST, SO, STO.)

y All electrical tools and equipment ar e maintained in safe condition and

checked regularly for defects and taken out of service if a defect is found.

y Do not bypass any protective system or device designed to protect employees

from contact with electrical energy.

y Overhead electrical power lines are located and identified.

y Ensure that ladders, scaffolds, equipment or materials never come within 10

feet of electrical power lines.


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y All electrical tools must be properly grounded unless they are of the double

insulated type.

y Multiple plug adapters are prohibited.

Floor and Wall Openings

y Floor openings (12 inches or more) are guarded by a secured cover, a

guardrail or equivalent on all sides (except at entrances to stairways).

y Toe boards are installed around the edges of permanent floor openings

(where persons may pass below the opening).

Elevated Surfaces

y Signs are posted, when appropriate, showing the elevated surface load

capacity.

y Surfaces elevated more than 48 inches above the floor or ground have

standard guardrails.

y All elevated surfaces (beneath which people or machinery could be exposed

to falling objects) have standard 4-inch toe boards.

y A permanent means of entry and exit with handrails is provided to elevated

storage and work surfaces.

y Material is piled, stacked or racked in a way that prevents it from tipping,

falling, collapsing, rolling or spreading.

Hazard Communications

y A list of hazardous substances used in the workplace is maintained and

readily available at the worksite.

y There is a written hazard communication program addressing Material Safety

Data Sheets (MSDS), labeling and employee training.

y Each container of a hazardous substance (vats, bottles, storage tanks) is

labeled with product identity and a hazard warning(s) (communicating the

specific health hazards and physical hazards).

y Material Safety Data Sheets are readily available at all times for each

hazardous substance used.

y There is an effective employee training program for hazardous substanc es.


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Crane Safety

y Cranes and derricks are restricted from operating within 10 feet of any

electrical power line.

y The upper rotating structure supporting the boom and materials being handled

is provided with an electrical ground while working near energized transmittertowers.

y Rated load capacities, operating speed and instructions are posted and visible

to the operator.

y Cranes are equipped with a load chart.

y The operator understands and uses the load chart.

y The operator can determine the angle and length of the crane boom at all

times.

y Crane machinery and other rigging equipment is inspected daily prior to use

to make sure that it is in good condition.

y Accessible areas within the crane's swing radius are barricaded.

y Tag lines are used to prevent dangerous swing or spin of materials when

raised or lowered by a crane or derrick.

y Illustrations of hand signals to crane and derrick operators are posted on the

job site.

y The signal person uses correct signals for the crane operator to follow.

y Crane outriggers are extended when required.

y Crane platforms and walkways have antiskid surfaces.

y Broken, worn or damaged wire rope is removed from service.

y Guardrails, hand holds and steps are provided for safe and easy access toand from all areas of the crane.

y Load testing reports/certifications are available.

y Tower crane mast bolts are properly torqued to the manufactu rer's

specifications.

y Overload limits are tested and correctly set.

y The maximum acceptable load and the last test results are posted on the

crane.

y Initial and annual inspections of all hoisting and rigging equipment are

performed and reports are maintained.

y Only properly trained and qualified operators are allowed to work with hoisting

and rigging equipment.


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Forklifts

y Forklift truck operators are competent to operate these vehicles safely as

demonstrated by their successful completion of training and evaluation.

y No employee under 18 years old is allowed to operate a forklift.

y Forklifts are inspected daily for proper condition of brakes, horns, steering,

forks and tires.

y Powered industrial trucks (forklifts) meet the design and construction

requirements established in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for

Powered Industrial Trucks, Part II ANSI B56.1 -1969.

y Written approval from the truck manufacturer is obtained for any modification

or additions which affect capacity and safe operation of the vehicle.

y Capacity, operation and maintenance instruction plates, tags or decals are

changed to indicate any modifications or additions to the vehicle.

y Battery charging is conducted in areas specifically designated for that

purpose.

y Material handling equipment is provided for handling batteries, including

conveyors, overhead hoists or equivalent devices.

y Reinstalled batteries are properly positioned and secured in the truck.

y Smoking is prohibited in battery charging areas.

y Precautions are taken to prevent open flames, sparks or electric arcs in

battery charging areas.

y Refresher training is provided and an evaluation is conducted whenever a

forklift operator has been observed operating the vehicle in an unsafe manner

and when an operator is assigned to drive a different type of truck.y Load and forks are fully lowered, controls neutralized, power shut off and

brakes set when a powered industrial truck is left unattended.

y There is sufficient headroom for the forklift and operator under overhead

installations, lights, pipes, sprinkler systems, etc.

y Overhead guards are in place to protect the operator against falling ob jects.

y Trucks are operated at a safe speed.

y All loads are kept stable, safely arranged and fit within the rated capacity of

the truck.

y Unsafe and defective trucks are removed from service.

5.11 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION

Maintenance work involves grass cutting, maintenance of traffic sign and roadside

traffic, maintenance of roadside light, garbage collection, and sewage collection are


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not expected to result in any significant adverse environmental impacts apart from

the exposure of maintenance workers to injuries during the course of their duties.

The impacts during the occupational stage relate to the various activities associated

with the daily routine and function of the community within the project as well as its

interaction with its neighbours.

5.11.1 Sewage Generation and Discharge

The proposed project is expected to generate an average of about 225m3 of

sewage daily. This is based on the projected design flow of 250 litres per

person per day, for an estimated population equivalent (PE) of 900 individuals

when fully occupied. As such, raw sewage with a typical chemical

composition could potentially pollute the environment.

5.11.1.1 Mitigation Measures

To minimise impact on the environment:-

o The centralize sewage treatment plant should be design in

compliance with the requirements of the local authority. This is to

ensure that the specifications are adequate to meet the approved

standards.

o Preventive maintenance should be incorporated as routine practice.

Any repair works should be carried out promptly.

o Regular removal and disposal of scum, grease and sludge from the

treatment system must be carried out by the relevant authorities.

o Sewage sludge should only be disposed off at approved municipal

sites.

5.11.1.2 Recommended Treatment System

The proposed sewage system for the proposed development is a

SIRIM approved centre sewage treatment plant GWS Model EA-900

by ??? Sdn Bhd. If properly maintained, this system can treat rawsewage to at least Standard A as defined under Environmental Quality

Regulations, 1979, Department of Environment. The central sewage

treatment plant can cater for maximum treatment capacities for 925

PE, which are most suitable for the project. The recommended

sewage treatment plant designs, details and the sewerage layout plan

are attached in Appendix V. The sewage effluent discharge outlet is


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indicated in the Drainage Plan in Appendix V and is deemed suitable

for the project site conditions.

The GWS Model EA-900 sewage treatment plant is a completely -mixed

extended aeration activated sludge system which consists of inlet

screen chamber, raw sewage pump sump, fine screen/grit chamber,aeration tanks(s), secondary clarifier(s), sludge holding tank(s) and a

control room.

Raw sewage flows into the inlet chamber where a screen is provided to

remove the floating materials. The sewage is then discharged into the

raw sewage pump sump and pumped into the secondary screen/grit

chamber where more fine floating materials are trapped and grits

settled. The wastewaters are then channeled to the aeration tank for

biological degradation of organic compounds before flowing into the

secondary clarifier where sedimentation process takes place. A portion

of the sludge is wasted into the sludge holding tank and the rest

recycled back to the aeration tank. Waste sludge collected in the

sludge holding tank will be de-sludged periodically. The effluent from

the secondary clarifier overflows to the weir and are discharged to the

nearest effluent outlet.

The efficiency of sewage treatment system can be maintained by: -

o Repair and preventive maintenance works should be incorporated

as a routine practice.

o Regular removal of scum, grease and sewage sludge from the

tanks every 2 -3 years for optimum performance.

5.11.2 Solid waste and biomass collection and disposal

There is a garbage centre allocated within the project site, as indicated in

Figure 2.3. The need for an efficient collection and disposal of waste material

is necessary in consideration of the projected daily volume of solid wastematerial generated by the project. The following provisions are recommended

to handle the potential solid waste problem: -

y Providing adequate units of purpose-built waste receptacles, for

example storage bins. These receptacles should be properly

designed to avoid spill over, which are not only aesthetically

unfavourable but also distinctly unpleasant. As such, it would


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facilitate the collection and temporary storage of the solid waste

generated by the households and office outlets.

y Arranging for regular collection, removal and disposal of the waste

material by the municipal waste collection unit or their appointed

contractors.

y The compactors used for garbage collection should be properlyserviced and maintained to reduce noise, black smoke emissions and

unpleasant odour associated with leftover garbage and leachate.

y The collected garbage should be disposed off at the designated

municipal dumpsites only.

y Encourage recycling of waste, i.e. have different bi ns for different

wastes namely aluminium cans, bottle and papers.

y Minimize food wastes by proper inventory and preparing the suitable

amounts.

5.11.3 Maintenance of Utilities, Amenities and Services

In order to minimise the risks associated with the maintenance activities the

following measures are recommended:-

y All the maintenance personnel involved in the maintenance activities

should be briefed on the proper safety procedures associated with

their specific task prior to commencement of any maintenance work.

y The maintenance personnel should be equipped with relevant safety

gears and equipment. For example, surgical mask and rubber g lovesfor those involved in garbage collection.

y Erection of appropriate warning signs for personnel working on or

along public roads.

y Utilisation of trained and experienced workers to supervise or carry

out the maintenance work.

5.11.4 Occupation of the Project

To prevent any unfortunate events, the transport agents and lorry operators

should refrain from overloading their vehicles. Thi s is to minimise the risk of

household items from being dislodged from the vehicles and cause

unnecessary safety hazards to other road users and losses for the house

owners.


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5.12 ABANDONMENT

It is important that proper budgeting, careful planning, market surve y and an

experience project management team be formed to oversee the implementation of

the project. Abandonment would involve permanent withdrawal of all personnel,

equipment, halting operations and dismantling all above and below ground structuresand facilities (if any). In the unlikely event that project abandonment should occur,

the following mitigation measures are recommended to minimise the impacts:-

Mitigation Measures

y Submit rehabilitation plan to NREB at least three (3) months before

abandonment.

y Site visits must be carried out every three (3) months after the last work of

abandonment activity to evaluate the progress of abandonment plan.

y Restore and rehabilitate riparian reserve wherever applicable.y Exposed areas must be turfed or revegetated, preferably with local or

indigenous species. This will assist in the re-establishment of the sites

original condition prior to the implementation of the project.

Construction Materials and Equipment

y All construction trailers, equipment, materials and debris must be removed

from the site, including the draining and removal of all storage tanks

y All temporary structures such as workers accommodation, work and

fabrication shops and storage sheds are also to be removed from the site (if

applicable).

y Footings or concrete slabs may be broken and removed, or buried (if

applicable).

y Transmission poles, docks, boardwalks, cement and concrete mixing plants,

gates and fences, fuel or water storage tanks, water pipelines, underground

cables and septic system must be removed (if applicable).

y Stream crossing structures must be removed and the banks are restored.

y Other structures such as rainwater and sewage treatment tank or those that

had been buried such as water pipelines and underground cables must belocated and removed and disposed off at approved dumpsite.

y Borrow pit areas are to be rehabilitated and if necessary to be revegetated.

Unsuitable/surplus soil dumps must have erosion and sedimentation control

measures installed, and are to be revegetated, if feasible.

EIA Chapter 5

Documents

Transcript of EIA Chapter 5