EIA Appendices Revised

Aurora S2 Uranium Mine Environmental Impact Assessment

P a g e | i

Environmental Impact Assessment for the

Aurora S2 Uranium Mine located in Maybelle

River, Alberta

Submitted for partial fulfillment as a E.I.A. term project for the ESC 417 Mining Monitoring and Protection course at Lakeland

College, Vermilion, Alberta

Prepared for:

Cassandra Specht

Prepared by:

Scott Forster

Greg Sutherland

November 2014

Aurora S2 Environmental Incorporated


3 February 2015 Aurora S2 Environmental Incorporated P a g e | ii

Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. iii

List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. iii

1.0 Information............................................................................................................................- 1 -

1.1 Extraction ..........................................................................................................................- 2 -

1.2 Transportation ...................................................................................................................- 3 -

1.3 Processing .........................................................................................................................- 3 -

1.3 Site Specific Information ..................................................................................................- 3 -

2.0 Project Scoping .....................................................................................................................- 3 -

2.1 Biophysical Environment..................................................................................................- 4 -

2.1.1 Air ..............................................................................................................................- 4 -

2.1.2 Soil .............................................................................................................................- 5 -

2.1.3 Geological ..................................................................................................................- 6 -

2.1.4 Terrestrial ...................................................................................................................- 6 -

2.1.5 Hydrological...............................................................................................................- 8 -

2.2 Human Environment .........................................................................................................- 9 -

2.2.1 Economics ..................................................................................................................- 9 -

2.2.2 Demographics ..........................................................................................................- 10 -

2.2.3 Local Services ..........................................................................................................- 10 -

2.2.4 Socio-Cultural ..........................................................................................................- 10 -

3.0 Project Scoping Matrix .......................................................................................................- 11 -

4.0 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................- 12 -

References .................................................................................................................................- 13 -

Appendix A ...............................................................................................................................- 15 -

Appendix B ...............................................................................................................................- 23 -


3 February 2015 Aurora S2 Environmental Incorporated P a g e | iii

List of Figures Figure 1. Uranium deposits along the North-South shear zone, denoted by green pin markers, of the Maybelle River formation, located in North-Eastern Alberta, Canada. Other uranium deposits are denoted by red circles. Overlay image courtesy of the Government of Alberta. Image

courtesy of Google Earth. ...........................................................................................................- 1 - Figure 2. 3-D diagram depicting facilities and geological layers in an I.S.L. uranium program.

Source: Heathgate Resources......................................................................................................- 2 - Figure 3. Processed uranium ("yellow cake") being dropped off in a conveyor belt. Source: P. Lesage .........................................................................................................................................- 3 -

Figure 4. Soil map of Alberta depicting soil groups and natural sub-regions. Source: Government of Alberta. Red star represents the AS2 Mine. ......................................................- 5 -

Figure 5. Natural Regions and Subregions of Alberta represented by a fake colour scheme. Red star represents AS2 Mine. Source: Government of Alberta. ......................................................- 7 - Figure 6. Watershed basin drainage in Alberta. Red star represents AS2 Mine. Source:

University of Alberta. .................................................................................................................- 8 - Figure 7. Basic TPR222 tailings pond design to ensure no contaminants are released into the

environment. Designed by Greg Sutherland. = Ventilation shafts and fans. Not to scale. .- 8 -

List of Tables Table 1. Population status of vulnerable Alberta boreal species that could potentially affected by the AS2 Mine. Source: General Status of Alberta Wild Species (2010). ...................................- 6 -

Table 2. Project scoping matrix depicting five actions of the operational phase of the AS2 Mine located in Maybelle River. ........................................................................................................- 11 - Table A-1. Plant communities, moisture conditions, and physiognomic structures found at

Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park. Source: Meijer (2002). .........................................- 15 - Table A-2. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Pj / Pine needles

(Jack pine / Pine needles). Source: Meijer (2002). ...................................................................- 16 - Table A-3. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Pinu ban / Pine needles (early seral stage) (Jack pine regrowth / Pine needles). Source: Meijer (2002). .........- 17 -

Table A-4. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Pinu ban / Betu neo - Vacc myr (Jack pine regrowth / Blueberry). Source: Meijer (2002). .....................................- 18 -

Table A-5. Community found in Maybelle River Provincial Park: Pj / Vacc myr / Clad spp. – Poly pil (Jack pine / Blueberry / Lichen – Awned hair cap moss). Source: Meijer (2002). .....- 19 - Table A-6. Community found in Maybelle River Provincial Park: Bw – Ba / Vacc myr – Vacc

vit / Forbs (White birch – Alaska birch / Blueberry – Bog cranberry – Birch / Forbs). Source: Meijer (2002). ...........................................................................................................................- 20 -

Table A-7. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Aw – Ba / Vacc myr - Alnu cri (Aspen – Alaska birch / Green alder – Bog cranberry). Source: Meijer (2002). .....- 21 - Table A-8. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Sb / Ledu gro / Pleu

sch (Black spruce / Common Labrador tea / Feather moss). Source: Meijer (2002)................- 22 - Table A-9. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Pice mar – Cham cal

/ Sarr pur / Erio vag / Spha fus (Black spruce regeneration – Leatherleaf / Pitcher plant / Cotton grass / Peat moss). Source: Meijer (2002). ...............................................................................- 22 - Table B-1. Various precipitation data collected over 30 years at Fort Chipewyan International

Airport. Source: The Weather Network. ...................................................................................- 23 -


3 February 2015 Aurora S2 Environmental Incorporated P a g e | iv

Table B-2. Average monthly measurements of days with snowfall collected over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network. ..................................- 24 -

Table B-3. Average monthly measurements of days with snowfall collected over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network. ..................................- 24 -

Table B-4. Average monthly measurements of days with precipitation collected over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network. ...............................- 24 - Table B-5. Average monthly measurements of snow depth recorded over thirty years at Fort

Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network. ..........................................- 24 - Table B-6. Average monthly measurements of various climate parameters recorded over thirty

years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network. .....................- 24 - Table B-7. Average monthly temperature values recorded over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network. .............................................................- 24 -

Table B-8. Average monthly humidex values recorded over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network. .............................................................- 24 -

Table B-9. Average monthly wind-chill values recorded over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network. .............................................................- 24 -


3 February 2015 Aurora S2 P a g e | - 1 -

1.0 Information Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. proposes to build and operate the Aurora S2 Uranium Mine (AS2 Mine) in Township 108, Range 6, West of the Fourth Meridian in the Athabasca Sandstone Basin where the Maybelle River deposit has been located. The project will implement an in-situ

leaching (I.S.L.) development plan and use S.A.G.D. technology for primary extraction of uranium due to its low surface impact (Vance 2014). The Maybelle River deposit is situated in

the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, as seen in Figure 1, of which the C.F.C. will be situated in the centre of the Maybelle River deposit. Buildings (Figure 2) that will be erected include;

The C.P.F., which will accommodate the power station, control room, uranium extraction columns, uranium recovery columns, thickeners, uranium drying and packaging facility,

extraction filters, and reagent storage structures

Well house, injection and extraction wells

Access roads

Above ground transportation pipelines

Tailings pond (evaporation pond) and associated structures

Water sampling wells

Airport strip and associated facilities

Figure 1. Uranium deposits along the North-South shear zone, denoted by green pin markers, of

the Maybelle River formation, located in North-Eastern Alberta, Canada. Other uranium deposits are denoted by red circles. Overlay image courtesy of the Government of Alberta. Image

courtesy of Google Earth.


3 February 2015 Aurora S2 Environmental Incorporated P a g e | - 2 -

This project is pursuing approval under Section 44 of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act, the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (E.P.E.A.) under the Alberta Energy Regulator

(A.E.R.), Mines and Minerals Act, and Exploration Regulations. Other regulatory bodies that manage uranium mine projects and approvals are;

Environment Canada o Responsible for approving the pre and post-disturbance assessment

Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (C.N.S.C.) o Issue construction and operating licenses of nuclear mines and mills o Deal with the safety and regulations of the possession, transfer, and storage of

uranium mining and mill products

Ministry of Natural Resources

Investment Canada

As stated above, various structures need to be put in place in order for safe and optimum operability. These structures can be broken down into three broad categories which include extraction, transportation, and processing.

1.1 Extraction Injection wells insert a series of chemicals that dissolve and mobilize the uranium in solution. The solution is then pushed up towards the extraction wells. Once extraction has taken place, the solution is ready for transport. Resources and materials required for this type uranium mining

are;

oxidant (often hydrogen peroxide)

complexing agent (lixiviate) o pH depends upon groundwater carbonate concentration

water source

Figure 2. 3-D diagram depicting

facilities and geological layers in an I.S.L. uranium program. Source: Heathgate Resources.

Arrange and consult with foreign ownership firms



1.2 Transportation Multiple piping matrices transport the uranium rich slurry from the well house to the C.P.F. Radioactively, Uranium emits very miniscule amounts of alpha and gamma radiation; because of

this, no special casing around pipelines is needed.

1.3 Processing Multiple processing structures exist to treat uranium. First, the slurry is purified with various chemicals. The uranium itself is then extracted via ion exchange from the treated slurry

(Cathchpole and Kuchelka 1993). The solution is now void of uranium and is re-enforced with leach chemicals and returned to the injection wells. Once the extracted uranium is filtered, it is

dried and ready for packaging. The end product is ~75% pure uranium and is dubbed “yellow cake” due to its yellow configuration and similarity to Play-Doh™ as seen Figure 3. The uranium is then packaged into standardized 170 L steel drums and shipped across the world.

1.3 Site Specific Information Main environmental concerns with the AS2 Mine include groundwater pollution and aquifer

destruction. Secondary concerns include acidic runoff from the C.P.F., tailings pond impacts, and solid wastes that may be contaminated with radiation. Radiation concerns are addressed when

rehabilitation is initiated. Specific radiological issues arising from I.S.L. extraction are; yellow cake and pregnant solution spills being allowed to dry and thusly producing radiological active dusts.

2.0 Project Scoping Multiple scopes of both the biophysical and human environment provide necessary information as to why and how the AS2 Mine will impact the various environments. An in-depth analysis will provide the most current material/data which will be used to determine if the AS2 Mine will be

constructed and to determine the negative and positive impacts of the following parameters in 2.1 Biophysical Environment and 2.2 Human Environment (The Environments). Subsequently, if

the scope of the AS2 Mine proves to be too sensitive or incompatible to The Environments, a re-

Figure 3. Processed uranium ("yellow cake") being dropped

off in a conveyor belt. Source: P. Lesage



evaluation of the location of the mine will be done. This will ensure that Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. can continue to be competitive in the uranium industry and also shows

Aurora S2 Environmental Inc.’s continued effort to put long term environmental and social integrity in front of short term economic prosperity.

2.1 Biophysical Environment 2.1.1 Air Air temperature is characteristic of classic Northeastern Alberta, with winter temperatures ranging from (-)20°C – (-)40°C and summer temperatures ranging from (+)15°C – (+)35°C

(Frostad 2012). Please refer to Appendix B for all detailed weather data. The proposed mine will have little to no effect on ambient air temperature with the exception of a small heat island effect

of the facilities mentioned in 1.0 Information. The nearest centre for annual precipitation data for the area is Fort Chipewyan (57 k.m.) with

~366 mm and 135 precipitation days (Environment Canada n.d.). As with some mines, pollution, specifically sulphur, can lead to acidic rain which can cause detrimental effects to the

infrastructure where the rain is deposited; however, the amount of sulphur released at the C.F.C. is minimal that no difference in atmospheric sulphur content will be noticed. Air quality in the area is described as ‘low risk” by Alberta Environment (2014) and

Environment Canada (2014). The most detrimental effect on air quality will be the release of Radon-222 gas from the tailings pond which has a half-life of 3.8 days; however, a continuous

production of Radon-222 is produced from the decay of Radium-266, which has a half-life of 1,600 years (Diehl 2011). This presents a long-term hazard. To counter-act this hazard, Aurora S2 Inc. proposes to erect a separate enclosed state-of-the-art building to house the tailings ponds.

This building, known herein forth as TPR222 (Tailings Pond Radon-222), will have an extensive ventilation system that will collect all radioactive gas and dusts and transport it back into the geological uranium formation. This will reduce all risks associated with the radioactivity of the

tailings. Further details of TPR222 will be presented in 2.1.5 Water.



2.1.2 Soil The dominant soil order in the Municipality of Wood Buffalo, as seen in Figure 4, is the

Brunisolic Order. Landscape features are presented in 2.1.4 Terrestrial.

Figure 4. Soil map of Alberta depicting soil groups and natural sub-regions. Source: Government of Alberta. Red star represents the AS2 Mine.



2.1.3 Geological The Maybelle River deposit is situated in the most Western portion of the Athabasca Basin,

which holds the world’s richest known high-grade uranium deposits (Frostad 2012; Jefferson and Delaney 2007) and lies along a linear North-South shear zone (Jefferson and Delaney 2007).

Please refer to Figure 1 for all uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin and the linear shear zone of the Maybelle River deposit. The deposit has been surveyed via drilling and contains grades of 21% U3O8 with a maximum depth of 250 m (Eccles et al., 2014). This relatively shallow deposit

makes it extremely economically feasible (Collier 2005) and profitable. 2.1.4 Terrestrial

The Athabasca Basin is moderately level with rolling hills and has fluvial, morainal, and eolian parent material (Frostad 2012; Meijer 2002; Government of Saskatchewan N.D.). The Maybelle River deposit resides in the Boreal Forest Natural Region and the Athabasca Plain Subregion as

seen in Figure 4 and Figure 5. The Boreal Region is dominated by various communities with the Maybelle River area consisting of mostly coniferous, pine, and deciduous woodlands, and

has infinitesimal bogs scattered throughout the landscape. A comprehensive analysis of plant communities was done in the Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park which resides 10-17 k.m. away from the Maybelle River deposit. Since the park is relatively close to the Maybelle River

deposit, it can be expected that the plant communities will be the same. Note that little to no invasive plant species have been discovered in the area. Please refer to Appendix A for a

complete list of plant communities and respective percent cover. The two main and sensitive wildlife populations that will be disturbed are the Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and the Whooping Crane (Grus americana). Estimated numbers of

Woodland Caribou are ~33,000 individuals with 51 known populations scattered throughout the Boreal Forest Natural Region (SAR Public Registry N.D.). A well-known population decrease,

largely due to habitat destruction, has been noted over the past 30 years. This element, among others, is the reason for choosing an in-situ extraction method in order to reduce the physical disturbance on the landscape, therefore reducing the impact on the caribou. The Whooping Crane

is considered to be endangered and a study by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2014) classifies the population at 437 individuals. The AS2 Mine is situated within the bird’s migratory

grounds. This makes the enclosed TPR222 (tailings pond) essential in reducing fatalities and negative impacts pertaining to the Whooping Crane. Other vulnerable migratory birds and mammal species that may be impacted by the AS2 Mine are of little concern due to their

increased or stable population and the decreased physical disturbance of the in-situ method; however, Aurora S2 believes characterization of these species is still necessary and are presented

in Error! Reference source not found..

Individuals Status Date Surveyed

Woodland Caribou 33,000 Threatened 2010

Moose 118,000 Secure 2010

Whooping Crane 437 At Risk 2014

Northern Pintail 3,200,000 Sensitive 2009

Canvasback 662,000 Secure 2009

Redhead <1,000,000 Least Concern 2009

Black Bear 35,000 Secure 2010

Grizzly Bear 691 At Risk 2010

Grey Wolf 7,000 Secure 2010

Table 1. Population status of vulnerable Alberta boreal

species that could potentially affected by the AS2 Mine. Source: General Status of Alberta Wild Species

(2010).



Figure 5. Natural Regions and Subregions of Alberta represented by a fake colour scheme.

Red star represents AS2 Mine. Source: Government of Alberta.



2.1.5 Hydrological As stated above in 1.3 Site Specific Information, the main concern with I.S.L. uranium mining is

groundwater contamination, aquifer damage, and drainage contamination. Drainage of contaminants will drain into Lake Athabasca and/or Athabasca River (Figure 6), eventually

making its way to Hudson’s Bay. Tailings from uranium ore processing can potentially release water born contaminants in the form of;

radionuclides

heavy metals

copper, nickel, zinc, lead

suspended solids

settling, flocculation, and filtration

arsenic, selenium, vanadium, and

molybdenum

ammonia

dissolved salts (SENES Consultants Limited 2008)

To avoid any deleterious substances entering the local watershed, a separate enclosed

building (TPR222) will house tailings due to the contaminants mentioned above and

radioactiveness of the tailings described in 2.1.1. TPR222 will be checked and maintained daily by qualified employees

hand-picked by the C.E.O. of Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. Special considerations

with the tailings pond will be made to ensure the most cautious and vigilant procedures are upheld to the highest order. A basic portrayal

of TPR222 can be seen in Figure 7.

Figure 6. Watershed basin drainage in Alberta. Red star represents AS2 Mine. Source:

University of Alberta.

Concrete

To injection wells To injection wells

Radon-222 Gas

Tailings

Clay

Figure 7. Basic TPR222 tailings pond design to ensure no contaminants are released into the

environment. Designed by Greg Sutherland. = Ventilation shafts and fans. Not to scale.

Perf

ora

ted

wall t

o

trap

gas



In addition, surrounding infrastructure will be put in place to monitor TPR222.

a plastic lining underlying the concrete base

10 seepage monitoring wells o Placed in a circle 100 m away from building centre with 36° separation between

each well

4 interceptor recovery wells

o one for each cardinal direction (North, East, South, West)

reclamation of TP222 will be done immediately after the AS2 Mine ceases production to

ensure the protection of the aforementioned water bodies and affected aquifers

Aquifer damage is a function of changing the geochemical regime via the extraction and chemical injection wells (Catchpole and Kuchelka 1993). The addition of chemicals and oxidants by the wells creates an oxidized rich environment which readily solubilizes heavy metals and any

leftover uranium. The heavy metals can then bioaccumulate in various food chains and cause a multitude of biological problems. To remedy this problem Aurora S2 Environmental Inc.

proposes to inject hydrogen sulfide into the uranium formation. This returns the formation to pre-mining conditions by reducing the oxygen rich environment. After this is done, a re-circulation of water is done to obtain a consistent quality which eliminates spacial and temporal variations

(Catchpole and Kuchelka 1993).

2.2 Human Environment 2.2.1 Economics Forecasting the economics can be difficult with a project of this size. Considering potential

prospect success and market demand and supply, an early estimate can be calculated. According to a return report from Uranium Participation Corp (2014) the AS2 Mine in Maybelle River can

be expected to be generating in the tens of millions of dollars in revenue once operating. The setup time would approximately be five years from planning to first yellow cake produced. During this time the company would not be making any significant revenue and would rely on

grants from the government and initial capital set forth by Aurora S2 Environment Inc. for construction.

Gathering human resources may be a challenge for the AS2 Mine. The closest settlement to the site in Maybelle River is Fort Chipewyan with a population of 847 (Statistics Canada 2011). This

population includes non-working potential (children and the elderly) that live and work in Fort Chipewyan already. Regardless Fort Chipewyan is inaccessible by road for some of the year.

Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. is ruling out Fort Chipewyan as a primary labour source. Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. has decided to follow suite with the oil sands industry and hire from all over Alberta and Canada. This means the majority of workers will be housed on site in a camp

setting.

The in-situ leaching process of uranium is similar to oil sand extraction with the difference being different ore and end products. Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. will be looking for workers with experience in the field of operations. Workers who are fully ticketed (O.S.S.A. Certification,

First Aid, H2S Alive Certification), and preferably have education in industry background, i.e. possessing a H.O.O.T. ticket (Heavy Oil Operations Technician), or a similar program such as

H.O.P.E. (Heavy Oil Power Engineer). Both of these courses are available from many institutions around Canada, such as the prestigious and admired Lakeland College.



2.2.2 Demographics The Municipality of Wood Buffalo is home to many notable industries, such as extensive oil

production as well as oil sand exploration and development. To support such a large amount of industry, work is often brought in from interprovincial sources, although the Municipality does

have a large permanent population. According to the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (2010) the population of the county is 104,338. This population is made up of 57% males and 43% females. The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (2010) states that 72.8% of the

population is within average working age (20-59). It must be kept in mind that the majority of permanent residents work in Fort McMurray or residential towns within the Municipality and

may not be considered as a primary source of work for remote industry such as the AS2 Mine. 2.2.3 Local Services The nearest educational services reside in Fort Chipewyan (57 k.m.). Although Fort Chipewyan

has been ruled out as a primary labour force, Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. finds it necessary to give back to the community that AS2 operates in. Equipment and mobilization costs keep the

Athabasca Delta Community School isolated and prevents them from participating in regional sporting events. Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. is prepared to fund and sponsor any and all costs for the associated activities. Aurora S2 is also prepared to offer four half scholarships to the

courses mentioned in 2.2.1 Economics exclusively to the students of Athabasca Delta Community School.

Wildfires are a pertinent issue in the boreal forest and the surrounding area. To protect the AS2 Mine as an investment, as well as the surrounding community, Aurora S2 is willing to finance a

new fire truck engine for the community of Fort Chipewyan. In addition, three additional part-time firefighter salaries will be allotted to keep up with demand in the summer months.

The AS2 Mine will be extremely isolated and constructing a new road through 57 k.m. of untouched forest is infeasible and environmentally immoral. To gain access to the AS2 Mine, an

on-site airstrip will be constructed. The airstrip will run two small planes that connect to Fort Chipewyan.

Access to family physicians is limited in the region; therefore, Aurora S2 will be contracting a fully licensed family physician to come in once a week during down hours to provide necessary

medical care and prescriptions. 2.2.4 Socio-Cultural

A project of this magnitude can have large environmental impacts, but can also affect the people of the area in a positive way (i.e. payment and additional community services) and in negative way (i.e. stress on family ties, unheard safety concerns from those who have family members in

the industry). The residents of the area and their lifestyles must not be affected in a negative way by the AS2 Mine. A thorough evaluation of socio-cultural variables will be conducted and

evaluated to achieve a high standard of operation that will help AS2 be a force for good for the community and not a hindrance. According to Statistics Canada (2001) 80% of the population of Wood Buffalo identifies as Christian. To accommodate this, the AS2 Mine will have spiritual

support made available for workers and workers families, as well as isolated prayer rooms with local pastors coming in every week for one half of a work day. These spiritual rooms will not be

just for the Christian portion of the workers we will have but for any other faiths that may work at AS2. Other officials of other faiths can be made available at the request of the worker.



Unfortunately, Wood Buffalo has quite a high crime rate. The Regional Municipal ity of Wood Buffalo is ranked the 8th most dangerous city in Canada by Maclean’s in 2011, and ranks in as a

member of the top ten municipalities in Canada for murder, impaired driving, and motor vehicle theft (Statistics Canada n.d.). To help mitigate the risk that accompanies these characteristics,

AS2 will have 24 hour security on-site as well as in the camp area. The camp will be a dry camp and sniffer dogs will be patrolled through the camps at random times one time a month. Additionally, any worker who applies to work at AS2 will have to pass a drug and alcohol

reliance test before being cleared and considered “fit for work”.

The relation of male and female members of society to each other is that of a traditional western cultural sense. This relation may not be the best mindset for the AS2 Mine to operate in as sometimes great female minds and workers are looked over and undervalued as an important

human resource. Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. will push to promote equality of the sexes and evaluate employees based on their knowledge and skill-set and not by their gender. Prolonged

exposure to this mindset may begin to change the community for the better to a more progressive outlook on society.

3.0 Project Scoping Matrix

Table 2. Project scoping matrix depicting five actions of the operational phase of the AS2 Mine

located in Maybelle River.

Activities

U D U D U D P D U ?

1(-) 1(-) 1(-) 1(-) 1(-)

L L L L L L L R S L

C I C I C I U D U ?

5(-) 3(-) 5(-) 1(-) 1(-)

L L S L S R S R S L

U D U ? P D P D C I

1(-) 1(-) 1(-) 3(-) 3(-)

L L L L S L L R S L

P I U ? U D C I P I

5(-) 5(-) 1(-) 5(-) 3(-)

P L P L S L L R L L

C I C I U D U D C I

5(-) 5(-) 1(-) 1(-) 5(-)

L R P R S R S L L L

Affected Components

Operation Phase

Wildlife Forested Land Air Water Noise

Radioactivity

Dusts

Drilling Wells

Tailings Ponds

Traffic

Legend:

magnitude (direction)

timeframe

extent duration

likelihoodLiklihood: C = certain, P = probable, U = unlikely, ? = unknown

Time: I = immediate, D = delayed, ? = unknown

Magnitude: 5 = major, 3 = moderate, 1 = minor

Direction: + = positive, - = negative, ? = unknown

Duration: P = permanent, L = long-term, S = short-term

Extent: L = local, R = regional, N = national



4.0 Conclusion The AS2 Mine will face multiple challenges including a weak local workforce, isolation of the project, and the segregation of the tailings pond. Even though these challenges are daunting, Aurora S2 believes these hurdles can be overcome through comprehensive and predictive

planning as well as adaptive management. Being highly isolated as the area is, certain advantages are presented to the AS2 Mine, a few being the ease of reclamation due to the lack of

intrusiveness of the in-situ extraction method, the general lack of invasive species present in the communities surrounding the work area, and the decreased radioactivity of the ore and overburden of the Athabasca Basin which does not require additional safety measures and

precautions. Overall, Maybelle River is the prime location for a uranium mine of this magnitude due to it’s high grade ore, shallow depth, economic feasibility, and opportunity to positively

influence the surrounding community. Concerns are sure to arise during the construction, operation, processing, and reclamation of the area but with successful planning and characterization of risk vs. reward of the situation, Aurora S2 Environmental Inc. is optimistic in

its ability to operate within the area under standard operating practices and its ability to achieve a positive overall impact, both biophysically and socially. The risk to the surrounding area and its

residents will be overshadowed by the positive rewards provided by the AS2 Mine. Through careful consideration, comprehensive evaluation, and a successful action plan, a synergy will be achieved between the AS2 Mine and the surrounding area.



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Meijer M. 2002. Vegetation communities of Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park. Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre: Heritage Protection and Recreation Management Branch Report, Edmonton, Alberta 57 p.

SENES Consultants Limited. 2008. Environmental impacts of different uranium mining

processes. Government of Alberta: Alberta Environment Report, Edmonton, Alberta 56 p.

Statistics Canada. 2011. Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and designated places, 2011 and 2006 censuses [online]. Available from Statistics

Canada: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt- fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=1302&PR=48&S=51&O=A&RPP=25 [accessed 7 November 2014].

The Weather Network. (n.d.). Statistics for Fort Chipewyan [online]. Available from The

Weather Network: http://past.theweathernetwork.com/forecasts/statistics/precip-itation/cl3072-658/metric [accessed 8 November 2014].

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2014. Species status and fact sheet Whooping Crane [online]. Available from North Florida Ecological Services Office: http://www.fws.gov/north-

florida/WhoopingCrane/whoopingcrane-fact-2001.htm [accessed 9 November]. Vance R. 2014. Managing environmental impacts and health impacts of uranium mining.

Nuclear Energy Agency Report, Paris, France 139 p.

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A. Appendix

Table A-1. Plant communities, moisture conditions, and physiognomic structures found at Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park. Source: Meijer (2002).

Plot

MAY 05

Site Conditions

very xeric, oligotrophic

Physiognomic Structure

open woodland - coniferous

Field Identified Community

Pj/ Pine needles (Clad spp.)

Community

MAY 07 very xeric, oligotrophic open woodland - coniferous Pj/ Pine needles Pj / Pine needles

MAY 15 xeric, oligotrophic closed woodland - coniferous Pj/ Pine needles (Poly pil - Clad spp.)

MAY 02 very xeric, oligotrophic low shrubland - pine regen Pinu ban/ Pine needles MAY 06 xeric, submesotrophic tall shrubland - pine regen Pinu ban/ Pine needles (Clad spp.)

MAY 03 xeric, mesotrophic tall shrubland - pine regen Pinu ban/ Pine needles (Clad cor) Pinu ban / Pine needles

MAY 01 subxeric, oligotrophic tall shrubland - pine regen Pinu ban / (Vacc myr) / Pine needles (early seral stage)

MAY 11 subxeric, submesotrophic tall shrubland - pine regen Pinu ban / (Vacc myr) / Pine needles

MAY 12 xeric, submesotrophic tall shrubland - pine regen Pinu ban/ Vacc myr - Betu neo / Clad spp. Pinu ban / Betu neo – Vacc myr

MAY 08 very xeric, oligotrophic open woodland - coniferous Pj/ Betula (Vacc myr) / Clad spp. - Poly pil P j/ Vacc myr/ Clad spp. - Poly pil

MAY 09 subxeric, submesotrophic open woodland - pine Pj / Vacc myr/ Clad spp. - Poly pil

MAY 10 subxeric, mesotrophic closed woodland - decidu ous Bw – Ba Vacc myr - Vacc vit – Betu spp. / Forbs

Bw – Ba Vacc myr - Vacc vit / Forbs

MAY 04 subxeric, mesotrophic open woodland - deciduous Aw – Ba / Vacc myr – Alnu cri Aw – Ba / Vacc myr – Alnu cri

MAY 14 Subhydric, hydric, mesotrophic

wetland – coniferous Sb/ Ledu gro / Pleu sch Sb/ Ledu gro / Pleu sch

MAY 16 hydric, permesotrophic wetland - shrubby poor fen to bog * Pice mar - Ledu gro / Sphagnum (Lari lar) /Ledu gro – Cham cal – Pice mar / Sphagnum

MAY 13 hydric, permesotrophic shrubby poor fe n to bog* Pice mar – Kalm pol / Sarr pur/ Erio vag / Spha fus

Pice mar – Kalm pol / Sarr pur/ Erio vag / Spha fus

Appendix A


Table A-2. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Pj / Pine needles (Jack pine / Pine needles). Source: Meijer (2002). Code Scientific Name Common Name Cover Cover Cover

Canopy

PINUBAN Pinus banksiana jack pine 41 40 70

Low Shrubs

ARCTUVA Arctostaphylos uva -ursi common bearberry 0.5 0.5 0.5

HUDSTOM Hudsonia tomentosa sand heather 0.5

PINUBAN Pinus banksiana jack pine 0.5 1 0.5

VACC MYR Vaccinium myrtilloides common blueberry 0.5 1 VACCVIT Vaccinium vitis-idaea bog cranberry 0.5 0.5

Forbs

ARABLYR Arabis lyrata lyre-leaved rock cress

0.5

MAIACAN Maianthemum canadense

PYROCHL Pyrola chlorantha

wild lily-of-the-valley

greenish-flowered wintergreen

0.1 0.5

Grass

CARESIC Carex siccata hay sedge

0.1

CARETON Carex tonsa 0.1 ORYXPUN Oryzopsis pungens northern rice grass 0.1 Moss

DICRUND Dicranum undulatum wavy dicranum

NV

POLYPIL Polytrichum piliferum

POLYSTR Polytrichum strictum

Lichen

awned hair-cap

slender hair-cap

2 1 15

NV

CETRERI Cetraria ericetorum

CETRNIV Cetraria nivalis 0.5 NV

0.5

CLADBOR Cladonia borealis

CLADCOR Cladonia cornuta

1

1

NV

4

CLADCRI Cladonia crispata

CLADCRY Cladonia cryptochlorophaea 6

1

NV

2

CLADDEF Cladonia deformis 1 0.5 1

CLADGRA Cladonia gracilis 5 1 2

CLADMIT Cladina mitis

CLADRAN Cladina rangiferina

reindeer lichen

reindeer lichen

1

0.5 0.5

CLADSUL Cladonia sulphurina

CLADUNC Cladonia uncialis 1

NV

PELTRUF Peltigera rufescens

Litter

pine needles

40

60

NV

65

deadwood 25 15

Appendix A


Table A-3. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Pinu ban / Pine needles (early seral stage) (Jack pine regrowth / Pine needles). Source: Meijer (2002).

Code

Scientific Name

Common Name

1

Cover

2

Cover

3

Cover

6

Cover

11

Cover

Canopy PINUBAN Pinus banksiana jack pine 5 5 2 Tall Shrubs BETUPAP Betula papyrifera white birch 1 PINUBAN Pinus banksiana jack pine 80 2 80 60 80

Low Shrubs ALNUCRI Alnus crispa green alder 0.5 0.5

ARCTUVA Arctostaphylos uva -ursi common bearberry 1 0.5 1

HUDSTOM Hudsonia tomentosa sand heather 1 LEDUGRO Ledum groenlandicum common Labrador tea 0.5

LINNBOR Linnaea borealis twinflower 0.5 0.5 PINUBAN Pinus banksiana jack pine 2 70 5 10 5

VACC MYR Vaccinium myrtilloides common blueberry 4 0.5 7

VACCVIT Vaccinium vitis-idaea bog cranberry 0.5 0.5 Forbs ACHIMIL Achillea millefolium common yarrow 0.5 ANEMMUL Anemone multifida cut-leaved anemone 0.5 ARALNUD Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla 0.1 ASTELAE Aster laevis smooth aster 0.5 EPILANG Epilob ium angustifolium fireweed 0.5 MAIACAN Maianthemum canadense wild lily-of-the-valley 0.5 0.1 0.5 PYROCHL Pyrola chlorantha greenish-flowered wintergreen 0.5 SOLIMUL Solidago multiradiata alpine goldenrod 0.1 0.5 Grass AGROSPP Agropyron sp. wheatgrass 0.5 CARESIC Carex siccata hay sedge 0.1 ORYXPUN Oryzopsis pungens northern rice grass 0.5 Moss POLYPIL Polytrichum piliferum awned hair-cap 1 20

Lichen CLADCAR Cladonia cariosa NV

CLADCOR Cladonia cornuta 0.5 5 4 5

CLADCRY Cladonia cryptochlorophaea

1 0.5

CLADDEF Cladonia deformis 0.5 0.1 1 0.5

CLADGRA Cladonia gracilis 0.5 1 2 10

CLADMIT Cladina mitis reindeer lichen 0.5 0.1 0.1 1 1

CLADSUL Cladonia sulphurina 0.5 0.1 1 0.5 CLADVER Cladonia verticillata 0.5

Litter pine needles 90 90 high 35 40

deadwood 30 high 20 25 10

Appendix A


Table A-4. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Pinu ban / Betu neo - Vacc myr (Jack pine regrowth / Blueberry). Source: Meijer (2002).

Code

Canopy

Scientific Name

Common Name

Cover

BETUNEO

Tall Shrubs

Betula neoalaskana Alaska birch 1

BETUNEO Betula neoalaskana Alaska birch 5

PINUBAN Pinus banksiana jack pine 25

SALIBEB

Low Shrubs

Salix bebbiana beaked willow 0.5

ALNUCRI

ARCTUVA

Alnus crispa

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

green alder common

bearberry 5

BETUNEO Betula neoalaskana Alaska Birch 25

CORNCAN Cornus canadensis bunchberry 1

LEDUGRO Ledum groenlandicum common Labrador tea 0.5


VACC MYR Vaccinium myrtilloides common blueberry 65

VACCVIT Vaccinium vitis-idaea bog cranberry 10

MAIACAN Maianthemum canadense

Grass

wild lily-of-the-valley 1

ORYXPUN Oryzopsis pungens

Moss

northern rice grass 0.5

POLYPIL Polytrichum piliferum

Lichen

awned hair-cap

CLADCAR Cladonia cariosa


1

CLADCRY Cladonia cryptochlorophaea

CLADDEF Cladonia deformis 1

CLADGRA Cladonia gracilis 5

CLADMIT Cladina mitis reindeer lichen 1

CLADVER Cladonia verticillata

Litter

pine needles

deadwood 25

Appendix A


Table A-5. Community found in Maybelle River Provincial Park: Pj / Vacc myr / Clad spp. – Poly pil (Jack pine / Blueberry / Lichen – Awned hair cap moss). Source: Meijer (2002). Code Scientific Name Common Name Cover Cover

Canopy


BETUPAP Betula papyrifera white birch 1

PINUBAN Pinus banksiana jack pine 10 43

Tall Shrubs

BETUNEO Betula neoalaskana Alaska Birch 1 0.5



SALIBEB Salix bebbiana

Low Shrubs

beaked willow 1

ALNUCRI Alnus crispa

ARCTUVA Arctostaphylos uva -ursi

green alder common

bearberry

2 0.5

BETUNEO Betula neoalaskana Alaska Birch 35 0.5

BETUPAP Betula papyrifera white birch 10 CORNCAN Cornus canadensis bunchberry 2 LINNBOR Linnaea borealis twinflower 1 PICEGLA Picea glauca

PICEMAR Picea mariana

white spruce black

spruce

0.5 1

PINUBAN Pinus banksiana

SALIBEB Salix bebbiana

jack pine beaked willow 1

1

VACC MYR Vaccinium myrtilloides common blueberry 4 3

VACCVIT Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Forbs

bog cranberry 0.5

CYPRACA Cypripedium acaule stemless lady's -slipper 0.5 EPILANG Epilob ium angustifolium fireweed 0.5 GEOCLIV Geocaulon lividum northern bastard toadflax 0.5

MAIACAN Maianthemum canadense wild lily-of-the-valley 0.5

Moss

DICRSPP Dicranum sp. dicranum

0.5

POLYPIL Polytrichum piliferum awned hair-cap 5 8

POLYSTR Polytrichum strictum slender hair-cap 0.5 Lichen


2

1

CLADCRY Cladonia cryptochlorophaea 5

CLADDEF Cladonia deformis 0.5 0.5

CLADGRA Cladonia gracilis 2 4


Litter

reindeer lichen 0.5

pine needles

deadwood 10

15

Appendix A


Table A-6. Community found in Maybelle River Provincial Park: Bw – Ba / Vacc myr – Vacc vit / Forbs (White birch – Alaska birch / Blueberry – Bog cranberry – Birch / Forbs). Source:

Meijer (2002).

Code

Scientific Name

Common Name

Cover

Main Canopy BETUNEO Betula neoalaskana Alaska Birch 10


PICEMAR Picea mariana black spruce 1


POPUTRE Populus tremuloides aspen 1

Tall Shrubs BETUNEO Betula neoalaskana Alaska Birch 3



POPUTRE Populu s tremuloides aspen 2

Low Shrubs BETUNEO Betula neoalaskana Alaska Birch 15



LINNBOR Linnaea borealis twinflower 1




PRUNPEN Prunus pensylvanica pin cherry 1


VACCVIT Vaccinium vitis-idaea bog cranberry 20

Forbs

CHIMUMB Chimaphila umbellata prince's pine

2

CYPRACA Cypripedium acaule stemless lady's -slipper 0.5

EPILANG Epilob ium angustifolium fireweed 0.5

EQUISYL Equisetum sylvaticum woodland horsetail 0.5

GEOCLIV Geocaulon lividum northern bastard toadflax 2

LYCOCOM Lycopodium complanatum ground -cedar 2

LYCOOBS Lycopodium obscurum ground -pine 1

MAIACAN Maianthemum canadense wild lily-of-the-valley 1

Grass

AGROSPP Agropyron sp. wheatgrass

0.1

CARESIC Carex siccata

Moss

hay sedge 0.5

DICRUND Dicranum undulatum wavy dicranum 0.5

PLEUSCH Pleurozium schreberi Schreber's moss 1

POLYSTR Polytrichum strictum

Lichen

slender hair-cap 0.5

CLADCRY Cladonia cryptochlorophaea 0.5

CLADGRA Cladonia gracilis

Litter 0.5

deadwood 20

Appendix A


Table A-7. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Aw – Ba / Vacc myr - Alnu cri (Aspen – Alaska birch / Green alder – Bog cranberry). Source: Meijer (2002).

Code

Scientific Name

Common Name

Cover

Canopy

BETUNEO Betula neoalaskana

Alaska Birch

7



Tall Shrubs

BETUNEO Betula neoalaskana

Alaska Birch

4


POPUTRE

Low Shrubs

Populus tremuloides aspen 2

ALNUCRI Alnus crispa green alder 25



LINNBOR Linnaea borealis twinflower 1

LONIDIO Lonicera dioica twining honeysuckle 0.5


PRUNPEN Prunus pensylvanica pin cherry 0.5


VACCVIT Vaccinium vitis-idaea bog cranberry 0.5

Forbs

ARALNUD Aralia nudicaulis

wild sarsaparilla

1

EPILANG Epilob ium angustifolium fireweed 0.5

LYCOOBS Lycopodium obscurum ground -pine 1

MAIACAN Maianthemum canadense wild lily-of-the-valley 1

TRIEBOR Trientalis borealis northern starflower 0.5

Moss

DICRPOL Dicranum polysetum

wavy dicranum

0.5

Lichen

CLADBOT Cladonia botrytes

NV

CLADCOR Cladonia cornuta NV

CLADCRI

CLADDEF

Cladonia crispata

Cladonia deformis NV

NV

Appendix A


Table A-8. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Sb / Ledu gro / Pleu sch (Black spruce / Common Labrador tea / Feather moss). Source: Meijer (2002).

Code

Scientific Name

Common Name

Cover

Canopy


black spruce

40

Tall Shrubs


black spruce

5

Low Shrubs

LEDUGRO Ledum groenlandicum

common Labrador tea

90


VACCVIT

Moss

Vaccinium vitis-idaea bog cranberry 0.5

DICRUND Dicranum undulatum wavy dicranum 0.5

PLEUSCH Pleurozium schreberi Schreber's moss 90

SPHAANG

Lichen

Sphagnum angustifolium peat moss 0.5

CLADMIT Cladina mitis reindeer lichen 0.5

CLADSTE Cladina stellaris reindeer lichen 0.5

Litter

deadwood 10

Table A-9. Community found in Maybelle River Wildland Provincial Park: Pice mar – Cham cal

/ Sarr pur / Erio vag / Spha fus (Black spruce regeneration – Leatherleaf / Pitcher plant / Cotton grass / Peat moss). Source: Meijer (2002).

Code

Low Shrubs

Scientific Name

Common Name

Cover

ANDRPOL Andromeda polifolia bog rosemary 1

CHAMCAL Chamaedaphne calyculata leatherleaf 4

KALMPOL Kalmia polifolia northern laurel 15

LARILAR Larix laricina tamarack 0.5

OXYCMIC Oxycoccus microcarpus small bog cranberry 0.5


RUBUCHA Rubus chamaemorus cloudberry 0.5

Forbs

DROSROT Drosera rotundifolia

round-leaved sundew

1

SARRPUR Sarracenia purpurea pitcher-plant 2

SMILTRI Smilacina trifolia three-leaved Solomon's -seal 2

Moss

SPHAFUS Sphagnum fuscum

rusty peat moss

95

Lichen


reindeer lichen

1

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Precipitation JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Monthly rainfall (mm) 0 0 0 5 23 52 71 48 37 17 1 0

Monthly snowfall (cm) 20 16 18 14 3 0 0 0 2 17 30 25

Monthly precipitation (mm) 19 16 18 18 25 52 71 48 38 34 29 24

Mean daily snow depth (cm) 42 51 58 21 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 25

Median daily Snow depth (cm) 42 50 57 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 24

Mean monthly end snow depth (cm) 51 56 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 20 38

Single day record rainfall (mm) 4 3 1 12 21 72 47 30 42 25 5 1

Date

Jan-

11

Feb-

21

Mar-

06

Apr-

28

May-

31

Jun-

19

Jul-

10

Aug-

01

Sep-

08

Oct-

12

Nov-

06

Dec-

03

1987 1977 1968 1975 1988 1986 1972 1987 1978 1984 1977 1990

Single day record snowfall (cm) 14 19 14 23 19 0 0 0 16 27 23 15

Date

Jan-

01

Feb-

08

Mar-

17

Apr-

03

May-

01

Jun-

01

Jul-

01

Aug-

01

Sep-

22

Oct-

03

Nov-

06

Dec-

08

1974 1992 1970 1969 1968 1968 1968 1968 1972 1976 1988 1990

Single day record precipitation (mm) 14 19 16 19 36 72 47 30 42 33 23 15

Date

Jan-

16

Feb-

08

Mar-

17

Apr-

01

May-

01

Jun-

19

Jul-

10

Aug-

01

Sep-

08

Oct-

03

Nov-

06

Dec-

08

1968 1992 1970 1972 1968 1986 1972 1987 1978 1976 1988 1990

Extreme daily Snow depth (cm) 86 109 124 112 23 2 0 0 15 16 57 85

Date Jan-

31

Feb-

27

Mar-

18

Apr-

02

May-

02

Jun-

15

Jul-

01

Aug-

01

Sep-

23

Oct-

17

Nov-

30

Dec-

31

Table B-1. Various precipitation data collected over 30 years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network.

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Days with Rainfall JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Above 0.2 mm 0 0 0 3 7 11 14 13 12 6 1 0

Above 5 mm 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 1 0 0

Above 10 mm 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0

Days with Snowfall JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Above 0.2 cm 13 10 9 4 1 0 0 0 1 7 14 13

Above 5 cm 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1

Above 10 cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Days with Precipitation JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Above 0.2 mm 13 10 9 6 8 11 14 13 12 12 15 13

Above 5 mm 1 0 1 1 2 3 4 3 2 2 2 1

Above 10 mm 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 0

Table B-2. Average monthly measurements of days with snowfall collected over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network.

Table B-3. Average monthly measurements of days with snowfall collected over thirty years at

Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network.

Table B-4. Average monthly measurements of days with precipitation collected over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network.

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Snow depth JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Mean daily snow depth (cm) 42 51 58 21 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 25

Median daily Snow depth (cm) 42 50 57 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 24

Extreme daily Snow depth (cm) 86 109 124 112 23 2 0 0 15 16 57 85

Days with: JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Freezing rain or freezing drizzle 0.83 0.79 0.52 0.22 0.04 0 0 0 0 1.1 2.05 0.81

Thunderstorms 0.04 0 0 0.09 1 3.74 4.48 3.09 0.33 0 0 0

Hail 0 0 0 0.04 0.13 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.17 0 0 0

Fog, ice fog, or freezing fog 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.6 3.11 2.56 1.22

Haze or smoke 0 0 0 0.2 1 0.7 2.7 2 0 0 0 0

Blowing dust 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Blowing snow 2.2 1.5 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0.22 0.67 1.44

Table B-5. Average monthly measurements of snow depth recorded over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network.

Table B-6. Average monthly measurements of various climate parameters recorded over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network.

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Temperature (°C) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Average -23.2 -19.3 -11.8 -0.1 8.6 14.2 16.7 14.8 8.2 0.8 -11.3 -20.5

Average high -17.6 -13.3 -5 5.8 14.8 20.2 22.6 20.7 13.3 5.1 -6.8 -15.2

Average low -28.7 -25.2 -18.6 -6 2.4 8.1 10.7 8.9 3.2 -3.5 -15.7 -25.8

Record daily high 10.5 11 14.5 27.1 32 34.4 34 34 29 26.5 17 8.8

Date

Jan-

31

Feb-

28

Mar-

30

Apr-

29

May-

26

Jun-

04

Jul-

16

Aug-

09

Sep-

08

Oct-

02

Nov-

13

Dec-

27

1993 1986 1984 1980 1986 1970 1989 1981 1981 1987 1984 1999

Record daily low -50 -46.7 -43.5 -34.1 -10.6 -4 -0.9 -4.2 -12.2 -30 -39 -47.8

Date

Jan-

26

Feb-

12

Mar-

13

Apr-

05

May-

03

Jun-

02

Jul-

03

Aug-

29

Sep-

26

Oct-

31

Nov-

13

Dec-

11

1969 1975 1984 1979 1979 1990 2001 1979 1974 1984 1989 1975

Humidex JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Record humidex 7.3 10.6 14.5 26.4 32.4 38.3 37.7 40.6 30.6 26 14.1 8.4

Date

Jan-

26

Feb-

28

Mar-

30

Apr-

29

May-

28

Jun-

27

Jul-

27

Aug-

04

Sep-

05

Oct-

02

Nov-

02

Dec-

27

1989 1986 1984 1980 1995 2002 1984 1974 1988 1987 1978 1999

Days with humidex over 30 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 3 0 0 0 0



Table B-7. Average monthly temperature values recorded over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network.

Table B-8. Average monthly humidex values recorded over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International

Airport. Source: The Weather Network.

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Wind Chill (°C) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Record wind-chill -57.6 -58.6 -52.4 -41 -25 -6.7 -0.9 -6.2 -16.5 -33.1 -47.1 -59.1

Date

Jan-

29

Feb-

02

Mar-

01

Apr-

01

May-

03

Jun-

11

Jul-

03

Aug-

19

Sep-

28

Oct-

30

Nov-

26

Dec-

11

1990 1979 1976 1996 2002 1969 2001 1974 1974 1984 1990 1975

Days with wind-chill below -20 29 23 19 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 25



Table B-9. Average monthly wind-chill values recorded over thirty years at Fort Chipewyan International Airport. Source: The Weather Network.

EIA Appendices Revised

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