EHS 415: PUBLIC

UTILITIES

AND

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Lecturer: Ms. Olulegan

POWER SUPPLYFIRE SERVICES

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

A drainage system

in urban and

industrial areas is a

facility to dispose of

liquid waste.

DEFINITION

Today’s drainage systems

must cost-effectively

manage flooding, control

stream bank erosion, and

protect water quality.

NUGGETS

Water is the main

contributor to the

wear and damage of

low-volume rural

roads.

The water can be in the

form of ground water,

surface water (streams

and rivers) or rain and it

can damage the road in

several ways:

By washing away the

soil (erosion

and scouring)

By making the road body

less resistant to traffic (i.e.

weakening the load

bearing capacity)

By depositing soils

(silting) which may

obstruct the passage of

water

By washing away

entire sections of the

road or its structures

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An efficient drainage system

is therefore essential to allow

water to flow off and away

from the road as quickly as

possible.

THIS IS ACHIEVED BY A SYSTEM

CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING

COMPONENTS:

Road surface

drainage which

enables the water to

flow off the road

surface

Side drains which

collect and lead the

water away from

the road

Road embankments in

flood prone terrain,

lifting the road surface

well above the highest

flood levels

Catch-water drains

which catch surface

water before it

reaches the road

Scour checks,

preventing erosion

in the ditches by

slowing down the flow

of the water

Culverts which lead the

water from the side

drains under the road to

the other (lower) side

Bridges and drifts which

allows the road to cross

rivers and streams in a

controlled manner

throughout the seasons.

In addition, different

arrangements may be

required for drainage of

high water tables to lower

the levels of underground

water.

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Ensuring good

drainage begins

when selecting the

road alignment.

A major concern when

designing and installing

culverts is to minimize the

wear and tear the water being

drained away from the road

may have on the culvert and

the adjoining road sections.

For this reason, the

location, dimensions and

choice of inlet and outlet

arrangements play an

important role when

choosing the optimal

design solutions.

TYPES OF DRAINAGE

SYSTEMS

WHAT A GOOD

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

SHOULD LOOK LIKE:

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PROPER DRAINAGE

SYSTEM

hat’s the

essence of a

W

WHAT THEN IS

WRONG WITH ALL

OUR NIGERIAN

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS?

WhyIS THE

TERMED AS A PUBLIC

UTILITY?

DRAINAGE

SYSTEM

FIRE SERVICES

SEE VIDEO

ON

“FIRE SERVICES”THE CORPORATE FILM: THE CITY FIRE SERVICE

KWASU

What problems

are facing the

fire services in

Nigeria?

Highlight the

benefits of having

well functioning fire

services’ utilities in

Nigeria.

How can we

remedy the fire

services utilities

in Nigeria?

The

privatization of

public utilities in

Nigeria

POWER SUPPLY

NUGGETS ON ENERGY:

Global fundamentals

Residential/commercial

Industrial

Electricity generation

Transportation

Supply

Nigeria spends about $13 billion (about N1.95

trillion) every year to provide electricity from

generators.

- President Johnathan, October 2010

Currently, there are about 60 million generators in Nigeria at the ratio of one per household of

2.5 people with an annual spending of N1.6 trillion,”

-Dr Kabir Usman, September 2012

(Director-General of Centre for Management Development)

He also said that the poorest Nigerians paid more than N80/kwh burning candles,

kerosene and firewood while manufacturers paid between N45

and N60/kwh on diesel to run their generators.

-Dr Kabir Usman, September 2012 (Director-General of Centre for

Management Development)

ASSIGNMENT

Split yourselves into 4groups and discuss the

causes and remedy to the problem of power supply in

Nigeria.List out your points.