Egypt

The Geometry of the Immortal

The pantheon of Egyptian gods

Osiris

IsisSet

AnubisHorus

Hapi

Ptah HathorRa

Sobek

Thoth

Ma'at

The Funerary Scene

Canopic jars

What are this for?

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

BURIAL MASKS

Tutankhamun's Death Mask

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Mastabas

Module #2: Ancient Egypt11

Entrance to a Mastaba

Mud Brickmaking

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Mastaba to Pyramid

The Architect of the Pyramids

http://www.sullivanet.com/mummy/historical-imhotep.htmhttp://ipoaa.com/imhotep_true_father_medicine.htm

He was the world's first named architect who built Egypt's first pyramid,

is often recognized as the world's first doctor, a priest,. scribe, sage, poet, astrologer, and a vizier and chief minister,

though this role is unclear, to Djoser (reigned 2630–2611 BC), the second king of Egypt's third dynasty. He may have lived under as many as four kings.

An inscription on one of that kings statues gives us Imhotep's titles as the "chancellor of the king of lower Egypt", the "first one under the king", the "administrator of the great mansion", the "hereditary Noble", the "high priest of Heliopolis", the "chief sculptor", and finally the "chief carpenter".

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Pyramid of Zoser, Saqqara 2750 BC

Module #2: Ancient Egypt16

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Pyramid of Zoser, Saqqara

Imhotep designed the firstpyramid as a series of steppedmastabas, and switched frommud brick to limestone. The wall around was 10m high and545m N-S by 277m E-W.

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The Pyramids at Giza

Are a wonder due to their sheer size and the precision with which they were built.

Cheops 230m x 146m highChephren 216m by 144m highMycerinus 109m by 67m high

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Pyramids at Giza

Cheops

Chephren

Mycerinus

[Virtual] Pyramids at GizaSketch-Uphttp://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/

details?mid=9e9fed300841ab8ae504fdbdb5a7e96&prevstart=0

Google Earth - "Pyramids at Giza" lat=29.971020248, lon=31.12989781

Module 1 Architectural History20

Module #2: Ancient Egypt22

Construction of Pyramids:

No records telling of construction methods, and no scholarly agreement on how they were constructed.

Construction provided work for a community for a lifetime.

We should not see the pyramids as the fruit of slave labour

Module 1 Architectural History23

Internal Ramp Theory

http://ladyraine.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/the-great-pyramid-the-internal-ramp-theory/

External Ramp Theory

http://xfilex.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/egypt.jpg

Module #2: Ancient Egypt25

Chephren Mortuary Complex

Papyrus In Ancient Egypt

Papyrus was a paper used by the ancient Egyptians.

0:53

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/9281-pre-history-papyrus-in-ancient-egypt-video.htm

Wealthy man’s house at Amarna.

A. Harvesting grain; B. Musicians play for the workers in the fields; C. Women winnowing the grain; D. Scribes tally the farmer’s taxes; E. The farmer’s son tending the livestock /

cattle.

http://home.comcast.net/~DiazStudents/whistory_units1.htm#egypt1

lotus-capital

Pylon Temple of Horus Edfu,

237-212 BC

Module 1 Architectural History32

Horus as a falcon

Horus symbols: sun, wings, scarab beetle

Temple of Amun-Ra, ThebesObelisks of Thutmose 1 + Queen Hatshepsut

Module 1 Architectural History33

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New Kingdom: Thebes Karnak &Luxor

Luxor TempleKarnak Temple

35Temple of Khonsu, reconstruction

36Temple of Amon-ra, Karnak

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Hypostyle Hall, Temple of Amun-Ra

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Tomb of Queen HatshepsutDeir el Bahari, 1500 BC

http://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/9163/BaeEg2158_a.jpg?sequence=941

Break-time

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Next: The Asian Sub-Continent

The history of architecture is also a history of the relationship between architect and patron