Egypt Power Point

7/27/2019 Egypt Power Point

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THE NILE.LIFE GIVER


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POLYTHEISTIC/PANTHEON/2000 GODS

POLY= Many

Theos= Gods or deities

THE BELIEF IN MANY GODS

PAN=All

Theos=Gods or deities ALL THE GODS


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RA

The most significant ofthe Egyptian Pantheon.

RA was considered the

sun god.Often considered the

creator.

Left Earth for the skies,humanity thought hisdeparture was their flaw.


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OSIRIS AND ISIS

Grandson to Ra

Osiris and Isis were

siblings.

Osiris: GOD of theUNDERWORLD

Isis: Goddess of Magic


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OSRISIS AND ISIS

This slide, Kamala Parents to Horus

Osiris killed and

usurped by brother, Set.

Osiris is resurrected byIsis


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SETH OR SET

Brother to Osiris

Murdered Osiris

Usurps OsirisRival to Horus

God of destruction and war


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SET OR SETH

In Egyptian mythology, Setis portrayed as the usurperthat killed and mutilated hisown brother Osiris. Osiris'

wife Isis reassembledOsiris' corpse andembalmed him. Osiris' son,Horus, sought revengeupon Set, and the myths

describe their conflicts. Thedeath of Osiris and thebattle between Horus andSet is a popular event inEgyptian mythology.


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SETH CUTTING UP OSIRIS


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THOTH

God of Wisdom

God of Writing andRecording of Text

Creator of

hieroglyphics


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OSIRIS MYTH

Kamala, see if you can

locate an image of Set

killing Osiris and place

it here


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ANUBIS

God of embalming God of burial rites

Embalmed Orsiris

Portrayed as a man with ajackal head holding a divinescepter carried by kings andgods

Symbol was a black and whiteox-hide splattered with bloodand hanging from a pole. Itsmeaning is unknown


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ANNUBIS, THE GOD OF EMBALMING

He received the

mummy into the tomb

and performed theopening of the mouth

ceremony and then

conducted the soul in

the field of CelestialOfferings.

Monitored the Scales of

Truth to protect the

dead from deception

and eternal death.


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OPENING OF THE MOUTH CEREMONY


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TOOLS USED IN OPENING OF THE MOUTH

CEREMONY


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ISIS MUMMIFYING HER HUSBAND OSIRIS

Flooding of the Nile

Isis finds Osiris

Thoth and Anubis

assist Isis

Mummification sought

to prevent and reverse

the decay that followsdeath.

Body protected by Isis


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OSIRIS AS THE GOD OF THE DEAD

Once Osiris is made

whole, Isis fans breath

and life into his body.

Because he experienced

life and death, the ancient

Egyptians felt that he

would be a suitable ruleover the dead.


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THE ART OF MUMMIFICATION


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MUMMIFICATION PROCESS


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EMBALMING THE DEAD

It took a long time, from start to finish, it took about 70 days toembalm a body. The priest in charge would wear the mask of ajackal representing the god Anubis.

1. The body was washed and purified.

2. Brain was emulsified and removed

3. Organs were removed. Only the heart remained.4. The body was filled with stuffing.5. The body was dried by covering it with a substance callednatron*. This substance absorbed all the moisture from the body.6. After 40 - 50 days the stuffing was removed and replaced withlinen or sawdust.

7. The body was wrapped in strands of linen and covered in asheet called a shroud.8. The body was placed in a stone coffin called a sarcophagus.

The mummy was now ready for its journey to the afterlife.


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CONTINUED

5. The body was dried by covering it with a substancecalled natron*. This substance absorbed all themoisture from the body.6. After 40 - 50 days the stuffing was removed andreplaced with linen or sawdust.7. The body was wrapped in strands of linen andcovered in a sheet called a shroud.8. The body was placed in a stone coffin called asarcophagus.

The mummy was now ready for its journey to theafterlife


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SARCOPHAGUS


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REMOVING THE BRAIN


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REMOVAL OF THE BRAINS

The first part of the body to be removed was the

brain.

Egyptians did not know the purpose of the brain,

so they thought it was a waste of space. To extract the brain, a hook was inserted

through the nose.

The embalmers pulled out as much as theycould, and then poured salt water in the brain

cavity to dissolve the remaining brain tissue.


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REMOVAL OF THE ORGANS

Next to be removed were the internal organs: theliver, the lungs, the stomach, and the intestines.

A small slit was made on the left side of theabdomen, then the embalmers reached in and pulled

out the organs. Each of the organs was individually mummified, then

stored in little coffins called canopic jars. There werefour canopic jars, one for each of the organs. These

jars were protected by the four sons of Horus.


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CANOPIC JARS


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CANOPIC JARS

Solid wood or stone canopic

jars were still buried with the

mummy to symbolically

protect the internal organs.misety the human-headed god

looks after the liver.

Hapy the baboon-headed god

looks after the lungs.Duamutef the jackal-headed

god looks after the stomach.

Qebehsenuef the falcon-headed

god looks after the intestines.


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KA=SPIRIT

Ka means Soul or Spirit

The ka was a person's double, an invisible twin,which supposedly lived in the body until death. Itwas necessary to prevent the dead body fromdecaying because the ka still needed it!

When the person died, the ka left the body. But ifthe body was preserved, the ka would return sothey could live again.


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BA=PERSONALITY

Ba was the sum of the immortal forces

inherent in human beings which made up his

personality.


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AKH

Akhbelongs to the heaven, the corpse to the

earth. The body is buried while the akh, the

Shining One, ascends to the sky, becoming a

star. It comes into being when ba andka and is the part of the person least bound

to the rest, leaving it behind in the quest for

immortality.


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THE DRYING OF THE BODY

The body was placed on aslab and covered withnatron salt.

The slab was tilted so thatexcess water would run off

into a basin. This removed moisture

and prevented rotting.

The body was takenoutside and let dry for

about forty days. After thebody was completely driedout, the wrapping of thebody began.


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WRAPPING THE BODY

Wrapping the body was a painstaking process. The body was anointed with oils, and hundreds of yards of linen

were used to wrap the body, and each toe and finger waswrapped separately.

Charms, amulets, and inscribed pieces of papyrus were placed

between each layer of bandage. Egyptians believed that these charms had magical properties that

would protect and bring luck to the body. The wrapping processwould be stopped every once in a while so that the priests couldsay certain prayers and write on the linen. A final shroud wasplaced on the mummy to keep all the wrappings together.

Sometimes false eyes were inserted and make-up applied. Thena painted portrait mask was placed over the mummy's head sothat dead person's soul (Ka) could recognize its owner. Themummy was then placed into a painted, decorated coffin.


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MUMMIFICATION PROCESS


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WEIGHING OF THE HEART


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WEIGHING OF THE HEART

The ancient Egyptiansbelieved that, when theydied, they would bejudged on their behaviourduring their lifetimebefore they could begranted a place in theAfterlife. This judgementceremony was called"Weighing of the Heart"

and was recorded inChapter 125 of thefunerary text known asthe "Book of the Dead".


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BOOK OF THE DEAD

The Book o f the Deadis not an actual book,

but rather spells written on papyrus or on the

tomb walls.


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PAGE FROM BOOK OF DEAD

OF HUNEFER


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HIEROGLYPHICSWRITING TO IMMORTALIZE

The Egyptian writing

called hieroglyphics

used pictures to

represent differentobjects, actions,

sounds or ideas. There

were more than 700

hieroglyphs. Somepictures stood for

whole words.


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HIEROGLYPHICS

hieros meaning holy

glyphe meaning writing

HOLYWRITING=Immortality


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CARTOUCHE

A Cartouches appears inan oval shape. It usuallyis represented in theform of a plaque, but itcan be seen as a

necklace, earrings orrings. Egyptians usedcartouches to indicate apersons significanceregarding birth order,

and to recorddistinguishing physicalfeatures about theimportant people.


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CARTOUCHE EXAMPLES


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MASTABAS

Relatively low, rectangular structure which owesits name to the modern Arab word for bench.

Originally, the mastaba was built above a shaft at

the bottom of which was situated a tomb. As the

Egyptian craftsmanship and wealth increased,the mastabas became more elaborate, housing

funerary chapels, shrines and offering tables

where the cult for the deceased was held.


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STEP PYRAMID

In the third dynasty, a pharaoh named Djoserhad a large stone pyramid built. This pyramid

has many layers and looks like several

mastabas stacked on top of each other.

BENT PYRAMIDS


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BENT PYRAMIDS

Built during the 4th dynasty, or the Old

Kingdom

Dedicated to the Pharaoh Snefru

Called the bent pyramid because it

changes angles at about 2/3 of the way to

the top.


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PYRAMIDS OF GIZA

There are three pyramids at Giza, each ofwhich once had an adjoining mortuary

temple. The 'great' pyramid was for over four

thousands years, until the modern era, it was

the tallest building in the world.

Menkaure Khafre Khufu


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KHAFRE

How would youdescribe this

sculpture? What does

this have to do withimmortality?


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PHARAOIC SCULPTURE

Kings werent portrayedrealistically. They were

depicted as gods.

Features are young andhandsome. Perfect.

Carved out of very

hard, durable stone.


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MENKAURE, HIS WIFE, AND HATHOR


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SEATED

SCRIBE


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SPHINX

The Great Sphinx of Giza is the most famousEgyptian sphinx. It was built near the Giza

Pyramids around 2500 BC by the pharaoh

Khafre. Historians believe that the face onthe Great Sphinx is that of Khafre.


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MORTUARY TEMPLE OF QUEEN HATSHEPSUT

Hatshepsut was the firstknown female monarchand is often depicted asa male.

Lavishly decorated withgardens and reliefs.

Took about 15 years to

build. Located on the Western

Bank of the Nile

Built into mountain


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The pyramids at Giza are some of the

greatest manmade structures ever built?

What was the purpose for building thesemagnificent structures?


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OBELISKS

Acted as message

boards Inscribed with the

names of rulers and

religious events


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RAMSES II TEMPLE (ABU SIMBEL)

Most famous temple ofRamses II

Relocated between1966 and 1968

Four seated statues ofRamses are 60 feethigh

Carved out of

Sandstone Just north is a smaller

temple dedicated toNefertari, his wife.


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RAMSES II AND NEFERTARI

Ramses II is debated to be thegreatest pharaoh of the NewKingdom

He expanded the nation and builthuge temples

Nefretari was his favorite wife andhas one of the greatest tombs inValley of the Queens

He fathered roughly 80 sons and 60

daughters but outlived most of them Ramses II finally died at the age of

93 and the empire fell less than 150years later


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HYPOSTYLE HALL OF KARNAK

A hypostyle hall has a roof which is

supported by columns.

The central columns are 70 feet tall The outer columns are 50 feet tall.

The hall has hieroglyphs associated with

war.


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HYPOSTYLE HALL OF KARNAK


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VALLEY OF THE KINGS

Burial ground for thePharaohs.

Over 60 tombs in the Valley

Vary from a small hole inthe ground to very largetombs with over 100chambers.

The majority of tombs werelooted thousands of yearsago


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COMPARE AND CONTRAST THESE TWO


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KING TUTANKHAMEN

Son of Akhenaten- theheretic king- and restoredthe traditional Egyptianreligion

Became king at a youngage and only ruled forabout eight years before he

died at 18His nearly intact tomb was

discovered in 1922


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FRONTALISM

Egyptian art did notchange from dynasty todynasty.

Frontalism was a sign of

respect towards thegods.

Slaves and lower classwere depicted as more

realistic while pharaohswere depicted withfrontalism because theywere considered gods.


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CANON

A repeatedmethod. A

formula.


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CROOK AND FLAIL


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FALSE BEARD


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EYE OF HORUS


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WHITE CROWN RED CROWN


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DOUBLE CROWN


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SCARAB BEETLE


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SCARAB BEETLETHE COMING FORTH


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DUNG BEETLE


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G O S


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EGYPTIAN MIRRORS

LUXOR TEMPLE


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LUXOR TEMPLE

The temple of Luxor is close to theNile and parallel with the riverbank.King Amenhotep III who reigned1390-53 BC built this beautifultemple and dedicated it to Amon-Re, king of the god

This temple has been in almostcontinuous use as a place ofworship right up to the present day

For thousands of years, the temple

was buried beneath the streets andhouses of the town of Luxor

TEMPLE OF HORUS


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TEMPLE OF HORUS

Of all the templeremains in Egypt, theTemple of Horus at

Edfu is the mostwell-preserved andthe only one weknow to have beencompleted

ROSETTA STONE


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ROSETTA STONE

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?


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WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

Two languages and three different scriptsthat were being used in Egypt

First was hieroglyphic which was the script

used for important or religious documents Second was demotic which was the

common script of Egypt

Third was Greek which was the language ofthe rulers of Egypt at that time

It was carved in 196 B.C. and was found byF h S ldi i 1799

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