EgyptEgypt – –

Gods and the Gods and the AfterlifeAfterlife

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ReligionReligion

The Ancient Egyptians were The Ancient Egyptians were polytheistic.polytheistic.

Once again, religion and gods were Once again, religion and gods were used to explain the unknown. If the used to explain the unknown. If the Egyptians could not explain Egyptians could not explain something, there was a god behind something, there was a god behind it.it.

Aken Ferryman of the Underworld Ferryman of the Underworld Aker Guardian and Gatekeeper of the Underworld Guardian and Gatekeeper of the Underworld Am-Heh - Devourer of Millions - Devourer of Millions Ament Greeter of the Dead Greeter of the Dead Ammit Devourer of the Wicked Devourer of the Wicked Amun and Amun-Re The King of the Gods The King of the Gods Anat Mother of Gods Mother of Gods Andjety A precursor of Osiris A precursor of Osiris Anqet The Embracer, Goddess of Fertility and the Nile at The Embracer, Goddess of Fertility and the Nile at

Aswan  Aswan  Anubis God of Embalming God of Embalming Anuke Goddess of War Goddess of War Anuket Goddess of the Nile Goddess of the Nile Apep The Great Destroyer The Great Destroyer Arensnuphis Anthropomorphic Nubian Deity Anthropomorphic Nubian Deity As Kindly God of the Desert Kindly God of the Desert Astarte, Warrior Goddess of Canaan , Warrior Goddess of Canaan Aten The Sun Disk and later God The Sun Disk and later God Atum The All-Father The All-Father Auf (Efu Ra) An aspect of the sun god Ra An aspect of the sun god Ra Baal, God of Thunder , God of Thunder Ba-Pef - The Soul - The Soul Babi - The Dominant Male Baboon God - The Dominant Male Baboon God Banebdjetet God of Lower Egypt God of Lower Egypt Bast Beautiful Cat-Goddess Beautiful Cat-Goddess Bat - Ancient Cow Goddess - Ancient Cow Goddess Benu (Bennu) - The Bird of Creation - The Bird of Creation Bes Protector of Childbirth Protector of Childbirth Dedwen - Nubian God of Resources - Nubian God of Resources Denwen - The Fiery Serpent - The Fiery Serpent The Ennead The Nine Great Osirian Gods The Nine Great Osirian Gods Fetket - The Sun God's Butler - The Sun God's Butler Geb God of the Earth God of the Earth Gengen Wer - The Great Honker - The Great Honker Hapi God of the Nile River God of the Nile River Hathor Goddess of Music and Dance Goddess of Music and Dance Mandulis - The Lower Nubian Sun God - The Lower Nubian Sun God Mehen Defender of the Sun Boat Defender of the Sun Boat Mehet-Weret - Cow Goddess of the Sky - Cow Goddess of the Sky Menhit Lion-headed War Goddess Lion-headed War Goddess Mertseger Guardian of the Valley of the Kings Guardian of the Valley of the Kings Meskhenet - Goddess of Childbrith - Goddess of Childbrith Mihos - Son of Bastet - Son of Bastet Min God of Fertility God of Fertility Montu, Warrior and Solar God , Warrior and Solar God Mut Grandmother of the Gods Grandmother of the Gods Nefertem Lord of the Sunrise Lord of the Sunrise Nehebkau, the God who Joined the Ka to the Body , the God who Joined the Ka to the Body

Nekhbet Goddess of the Power of Kings Goddess of the Power of Kings Neith Goddess of War and Funerals Goddess of War and Funerals Nephthys Lady of the Wings Lady of the Wings Nun and Naunet Gods of Chaos and Water Gods of Chaos and Water Nut Goddess of the Firmament Goddess of the Firmament The Ogdoad The Primordial Creation Gods The Primordial Creation Gods Onuris The War God The War God Osiris Lord of the Dead Lord of the Dead Pakhet The Strength of Woman The Strength of Woman Panebtawy - The Child God - The Child God Peteese and Pihor - Brother Gods - Brother Gods Ptah The Creator The Creator Qadesh - Goddess of Esctasy and Sexual Pleasure - Goddess of Esctasy and Sexual Pleasure Re (Ra) The Sun God The Sun God Renenutet Goddess of the Harvest Goddess of the Harvest Reshep - The Syrian War God - The Syrian War God Sah and Sopdet (Sothis) The Astral God and Goddess The Astral God and Goddess Satet Goddess of the Inundation Goddess of the Inundation Satis Guardian of the Borders Guardian of the Borders Sebiumeker - Meroitic God of Procreation - Meroitic God of Procreation Sefkhet-Abwy - Goddess of Writing and Temple Libraries - Goddess of Writing and Temple Libraries Seker The Resurrected Osiris The Resurrected Osiris Sekhmet The Eye of Ra The Eye of Ra Sepa - Centipede God - Centipede God Serapis the Composit God the Composit God Serqet (Selkis) Scorpion Goddess Scorpion Goddess Seshat Goddess of writing, measurements Goddess of writing, measurements Set God of Evil God of Evil Shay - Personified Destiny - Personified Destiny Shesmetet - Leonine Goddess - Leonine Goddess Shesmu Demon god of the Win Press Demon god of the Win Press Shu God of the Air and Sky God of the Air and Sky Sia - The Perceptive Mind - The Perceptive Mind Sobek Guard of the Gods Guard of the Gods Sons of Horus Gods of the Viscera and the Canopic Jars Gods of the Viscera and the Canopic Jars Sopedu - The Border Patrol God - The Border Patrol God Ta-Bitjet - A Wife of Horus - A Wife of Horus Tasenetnofret - The Good Sister - The Good Sister Taweret Goddess Demoness of Birth Goddess Demoness of Birth Tayet - Goddess of Weaving - Goddess of Weaving Tefnut Goddess of Moisture Goddess of Moisture Tatenen - "Father of Gods" and the God of the Rising Earth - "Father of Gods" and the God of the Rising Earth Thoth God of Wisdom God of Wisdom Wadj Wer - The Pregnant God - The Pregnant God Wadjet The Serpent Goddess The Serpent Goddess Weneg - Ancient Son of Re Weneg - Ancient Son of Re Wepwawet (Upuaut) The Opener of the Ways Wepwawet (Upuaut) The Opener of the Ways Wosret - Goddess of Thebes Wosret - Goddess of Thebes Yah - Another Moon God Yah - Another Moon God Yamm - God of the Sea Yamm - God of the Sea

GodsGods RaRa – – The Sun GodThe Sun God

Represented by the Represented by the falcon.falcon.

All pharaohs were All pharaohs were said to be the said to be the children of Ra.children of Ra.

He was the most He was the most important, because important, because he supposedly he supposedly brought life to brought life to everything, and made everything, and made life possible.life possible.

GodsGods Osiris – God of the Osiris – God of the

UnderworldUnderworld He would pass He would pass

judgment over all judgment over all those who had died.those who had died.

Blessed Land or AmmitBlessed Land or Ammit

He also was the He also was the symbol for rebirth symbol for rebirth and fertility.and fertility.

He was the god He was the god which brought which brought eternal life.eternal life.

Preparation for the Afterlife

Preparation for the Afterlife

Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.Queen Tiye,

wife of Amenhotep II

1210-1200 B. C. E.

Queen Tiye, wife of

Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

MummificationMummification The Egyptians figured out that if you The Egyptians figured out that if you

dry a person’s body out it wouldn't rot dry a person’s body out it wouldn't rot and decay.and decay.

Egyptians also believed that in order to Egyptians also believed that in order to have a chance for your spirit to live on have a chance for your spirit to live on forever, and possibly come back to life, forever, and possibly come back to life, your body had to be preserved. your body had to be preserved. Because your body and soul were Because your body and soul were bound to each other.bound to each other.

MummificationMummification Reserved for upper Reserved for upper

class people.class people. PharaohsPharaohs PriestsPriests Government officialsGovernment officials RichRich

Sometimes the poor Sometimes the poor worked their entire worked their entire lives to be lives to be mummified when mummified when they died.they died.

MummificationMummification Steps to mummificationSteps to mummification

Priest = Dressed as AnubisPriest = Dressed as Anubis

Removed internal organs – except heartRemoved internal organs – except heart

Cover organs and body in natron (local salt)Cover organs and body in natron (local salt)

Body left to dry (60-90 days) Body left to dry (60-90 days)

Cover with oil, wrapped in fine linen cloth Cover with oil, wrapped in fine linen cloth

(inserting amulets) glued together with resin.(inserting amulets) glued together with resin.

Decorated, and put into sarcophagus. Decorated, and put into sarcophagus.

Giza Pyramid ComplexGiza Pyramid Complex

The Final JudgmentThe Final Judgment

Anubis Ammit Horus OsirisAnubis Ammit Horus Osiris