EGYPT – GIFT OF THE NILE

You are being asked to start a new city on a newly discovered continent. This continent has many physical features. Use some of the features below to draw the perfect location for your new city. Draw some of these features around it. Be as specific as possible. River Ocean Lake Mountains Hills Plains Desert Coast Forest

POWERDRAW

WHY WAS THE NILE IMPORTANT?

1.Provided water

2.Yearly floods deposited silt, nutrient rich rocks, sand, and soil, into the farmland

3.Useful for transportation and trade

EGYPTUpper Egypt

Southern part of Egypt From first cataract (waterfalls) of Nile north to

within 100 miles of the MediterraneanLower Egypt

Delta Region where Nile River empties into Mediterranean

Around 3100 B.C. - King Menes (Upper Egypt) united Egypt Nile used for travel between the regions First united state

EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES

The Early PeriodOld Kingdom (2700 BC - 2200 BC)

First Intermediate Period

Middle Kingdom (2050 BC - 1800 BC) Second Intermediate Period

New Kingdom (1500 BC - 1100 BC) Third Intermediate Period

Persians/Greeks/Romans

Please read pgs. 112-118 and list three accomplishments from each kingdom.

OLD KINGDOM MIDDLE KINGDOM NEW KINGDOM

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF…

1. Lower and Upper Egypt were unified

2. Kings were viewed as gods in human form

3. Built with stone rather than mud

4. Built the pyramids

5. Egypt was secure and prosperous

1. Egypt expands into Nubia and Fertile Crescent

2. Rise of a middle class

3. Middle class could own land

4. Took prisoners of war as slaves

5. Increased trade in other regions

6. Military innovations under the Hyksos

1. Mastered new military technology

2. Recruited a standing army

3. Egypt expands into Nubia and Fertile Crescent again

4. Amenhotep promotes monotheism

5. Polytheism restored

Answer the following prompt in at least 100 words using only your imagination…

“How were the pyramids built?”Be creative! Also, be realistic! Issues to address:

How did they carry 20,000 pound stones from the quarry to the site?

How did they stack these stones hundreds of feet in the air? How did they get the stones to stay in place?

POWERWRITE

EGYPTIAN POWER STRUCTURE

Kings (Pharaohs)Around 3100 B.C. – Kingdoms uniteKings claimed to be divine – part GodAbsolute powerOrganized strong, centralized stateKings would rule in a series of dynastiesDynasty – series of rulers from the same family

31 different dynasties throughout around 3000 years

VizierPharaoh’s right hand man and main administrator

EGYPTIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Pharaoh

High Priests

Nobles

Merchants, Scribes, Artisans

Peasant Farmers

ROLE OF WOMENCould inherit property, enter business deals,

buy and sell goods, go to court, enter priesthood, work outside of home and obtain a divorce

Few women could read or writeExcluded from becoming scribes or holding

government jobsQueen Hatshepsut

Pharaoh from 1479–1458 B.C.Nefertiti

Wife of Amenhotep (1353–1336 BC)Cleopatra

Last pharaoh before the Romans conquered Egypt

EARLY DEVELOPMENTS

Papyrus Used to build roofs, boats, baskets, and

PAPER http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD_Yopn

5c70Hieroglyphics

Written language of Egypt Oldest examples of early hieroglyphics

date to between 4000-3200 B.C. How do we know what they say? Rosetta Stone

Hieroglyphics Demotic Script Ancient Greek

HIEROGLYPHICS

DEMOTIC SCRIPT

EGYPTIAN ORIGIN MYTH

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTy49JlgJZE

Get in groups of 2-3 students.Forget everything you know about

religion/history/science.

Create your own CREATION MYTH explaining how our world, and ourselves were created. Be sure to include:

At least 5 gods who played a part in the process An explanation of how different elements of the earth were

created An explanation of how/why people were created

CREATION MYTH

Atum – Creator god Shu - god of air Tefnut - goddess of moisture

Geb – god of earth Nut – goddess of the sky

Osiris – King of Earth – then King of underworld Isis – Queen of Earth

Horus – Killed Seth Pharaohs were the living embodiment of Horus

Seth – god of chaos - killed Osiris Nephthys – goddess of death

Anubis – god of embalming Other gods:

Amun – King of the gods Ra – Sun god

Amun-Ra – combination of the two Thoth – god of writing and knowledge Hapy – god of the flood Maat – god of truth, justice, and order

EGYPTIAN GODS