Eggplant Dormancy

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C. [LBIHG\J\HB

8.8 Jhthr Oljhahb`

[respla plb`ldohb`hb ouicihyh tlrub` sldhacb mlrhg sltljhg ohbyha

icghscjahb olroh`hc hrclths tlrub` gcorcih. !lub`ùjhb hrclths tlrub` gcorcih

hbthrh jhcb ihyh preiuasc tcb``c" mcth rhsh rlbyhg ihb dldcjcac althghbhb yhb`

tcb``c tlrghihp plbyhact tlrtlbtu. #hrclths tlrub` yhb` olrlihr icphshr ihjhd

bl`lrc olrhblah rh`hd" ichbthrhbyh preiua [$. Lhst %lst &lli Cbieblsch yhctu

hrclths gcorcih '(usthb`" )lbtlb`" *ertubh" &ldorhbc" +rhmch" &htrch" Jl,hth-

ihb hrclths eplb pejcbbhtli 'Ihihjc" +ljhtca-. )uicihyh tlrub` agususbyh tlrub`

gcorcih ihjhd sahjh h rcocsbcs slmhrh cbtlbsc shb`ht petlbschj ubtua

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plbyudohb` alhblahrh`hdhb ohghb phb`hb.

Hsch tlb``hrh tlrdhsua Cbieblsch dlruphahb ihlrhg plb`ldohb`hb

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[ldohbùbhb h`rcocsbcs tciha tlrjlphs ihrc suoscstld shrhbh preiuasc

yhb` thb`ùg" tlrdhsua plb`hihhb olbcg yhb` olrdutu tcb``c dlruphahb suhtu

alghrushb ubtua dlbcbàhtahb preiuatccths. )lbcg ouahb jh c aedeicths

dljhcbahb sloh`hc hater plblbtu ihjhd ushgh thbc deilrb. (ljcght ub`scbyh"

8



dhah sltchp preiuslb olbcg ictubtut ubtua ihpht dlb`ghscjahb olbcg yhb`

olrdutu tcb``c.

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alduihghb ihjhd pldljcghrhhb. \btua dlbub/hb` csc tlrslout ichths"

[$ Lhst %lst &lli Cbieblsch tljhg dlbychpahb Iccsc [lbljctchb ihb

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iciuaub` ilb`hb alolrhihhb Iccsc Xuhjcty Mebtrej yhb` dljhauahb aebtrej hths

dutu olbcg yhb` ic preiuasc ilb`hb /ljc" tljhtlb ihb /u/ur.

$lrub` tlrdhsua ihjhd hdcjc &ejhbhmlhl slplrtc mhohc ihb tedht. )lbcg3

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' Hbebydeus" 8?=7-. &utepe '8??7- dlbilcbcscahb Hntlr rcplbcb` sloh`hc sltchp

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olralmhdohg. ;hb`ah hatu plbycdphbhb cbc olrolih3olih ihrc ololrhph ghrc"

oujhb ohgahb shdphc ilb`hb thgubhb tlr`hbtub` /lbcs olbcgbyh.

)lbcg tlrub` dldpubyhc dhsh ierdhbsc yhb` olrhrchsc hbthrh 836 oujhb.

'%hbhchg" 0116-. Ghscj plbljctchb jhcbbyh dlbyloutahb ohgh phih olbcg

]ejhbud aghschbud :jhral dlb`hjhdc ierdhbsc yhb` ichacohtahb ejlg ldorce

olbcg yhb` oljud dhsha ihb olrhagcr sltljhg 639 oujhb sltljhg plbycdphbhb

' Hbebydeus" 8?=7-. [lbljctchb3plbljctchb tlbthb` ierdhbsc olbcg agususbyh

olbcg tlrub` ihb dlteil pldhthghbyh shb`ht icplrjuahb ubtua dldlmhgahb

plrdhshjhghb tlrslout. Ghscj plbljctchb cbc hahb ihpht dldolrcahb cberdhsc hthu

rlaedlbihsc tlrghihp dlteih yhb` llatc ubtua pldhthghb ierdhbsc phih olbcg3

olbcg yhb` ohru icphblb dhupub yhb` suihg icscdphb. Ghj tlrslout shb`ht

0



dldohbtu hbhjcs olbcg ubtua dlb`hbhjcscs ghscj plbù/chb olbcg ilb`hb olbhr

ihb dhdpu dldolrcahb rlaedlbihsc plrjhauhb pldhthghb ierdhbsc yhb`

hpjcahtc alphih aebsudlb olbcg tlrub`.

8.? _udushb Dhshjhg

(hsh ierdhbsc yhb` phb/hb` phih olbcg tlrub` ihpht dldochsahb

plbcjhchb lhjuhsc almhdohg phih plbù/chb ihyh olralmhdohg ic jhoerhtercud.

&ljhcb ctu plbù/chb ujhb` yhb` icjhauahb shdphc ololrhph ahjc hahb

dlb`hacohtahb plbhdohghb ochyh yhb` tcb``c phih plbù/chb ihyh olralmhdohg"

dhah ejlg sloho ctu icoutugahb slouhg plrjhauhb yhb` dhdpu dldlmhgahb

ierdhbsc slmhrh tlpht.

Ihth Lhjuhsc [lbù/chb #hrclths (usthb` phih thgub 0116 ic

Jhoerhtercud 4uhjcty :ebtrej [$. Lhst %lst Cbieblsch" dlbub/uaahb tcbàht u/c

ujhb` #hrclths (usthb` sloh`hc olrcaut2 $ethj jet olbcg yhb` jujus u/c ilb`hb 8

ahjc u/c slolshr 9?.>65" 0 ahjc u/c 09.005" 6 ahjc u/c 01.005" 9 ahjc u/c 0.>65 ihb

7 ahjc u/c 6.0=5. [lrslbthsl tlrslout olrhshj ihrc tethj shdpjl olbcg #hrclths

(usthb` slohbyha 8=6 shdpjl yhb` icu/c ic Jhoerhtercud 4uhjcty :ebtrej

[$. Lhst %lst &lli Cbieblsch ihjhd aurub hatu shtu thgub. Ihjhd ahsus

tlrslout" dcshjahb ochyh plbù/chb ubtua shtu shdpjl olbcg hihjhg Kp 6111"3

dhah ubtua 8=6 shdpjl slhbihcbyh jujus phih plbù/chb plrthdh hihjhg slolshr

Kp 79?.111"3. /cah tlr/hic ierdhbsc slplrtc phih ahsus ichths dhah ochyh

plbù/chb olbcg dljhdoub` dlb/hic Kp8.16=.111"3 '%hbhchg" 0116-. +rhca

Lhjuhsc #hrclths (usthb` icsh/chahb phih $holj +rhca 8.

6



Iccsc Xuhjcty Mebtrej '4:- yhb` olrhih phih iuh scsc alplbtcb`hb

auhjcths" ghrus dhdpu dldlbugc tubtuthb ihrc iuh scsc tlrslout. Ihrc shtu scsc 4:

ictubtut ubtua dhdpu dljhauahb plbù/chb sltlpht dubàcb slsuhc ilb`hb

thb``hj /htug tldpe pldohyhrhb olbcg yhb` suihg ictlbtuahb ilb`hb plthbc

preiuasc olbcg yhb` dlb/hic dctrh ihrc plrushghhb. &csc jhcbyh 4: ictubtut ubtua

jlocg tljctc ihb haurht ihjhd dljhauahb plbù/chb auhjcths olbcg ihb ghrus ihpht

icplrthb`ùb`/hhoahb alphih plrushghhb ihb aebsudlb olbcg bhbtcbyh.

!loutughb aebsudlb hahb olbcg tlrub` rljhtc sujct ubtua icphstcahb"

dhah ubtua ctu altlrslichhb stea scdphb olbcg icùihb` ghrus tlrslich sloljud

pljuhb` phshr tlrslout ichdocj hjcg ejlg plrushghhb jhcb. *lbedlbh tlrslout

dlruphahb thbthb`hb oh`c plrushghhb ubtua tlrus dldolrcahb sejusc tlrohca oh`c

altlrslichhb olbcg tlrub` icphshrhb yhb` schp phahc. Ihrc lbedlbh tlrslout" /cah

icahctahb ilb`hb ahrhatlrcstca chocjcths 'scht ierdhbsc- phih olbcg tlrub` dhah

ghrus hih plrjhaub olbcg yhb` hpjcahtc ic tcbàht plthbc aebsudlb olbcg.

\btua ctu dhah ghrus icjhauahb plbljctchb ubtua dlbmhrc thgu hater

uthdh yhb` dlbylohoahb olbcg tlrub` dlb`hjhdc ierdhbsc.

8.= Yufuhb

[lbljctchb cbc icjhauahb ubtua dldpljh/hrc ahrhatlrcstca ierdhbsc ihb

dlbmhrc plrjhauhb yhb` tlpht ubtua pldhthghb ierdhbsc phih olbcg tlrub`

phb/hb` #hrclths (usthb`.

8.9 Dhbnhht [lbljctchb

(hbhht yhb` icplrejlg ihrc ghscj plbljctchb cbc hihjhg hihbyh plrjhauhb

pldhthghb ierdhbsc yhb` hpjcahtc ic tcbàht jhoerhtercud slgcb``h tciha tlr/hic

jh`c pldolbàhahb ochyh plbù/chb yhb` icslohoahb ejlg ierdhbsc olbcg.

9



CC. YCBFHHB [!YH"H

?.8 O#thbc Yhbhdhb Ylrub`

$hbhdhb tlrub` hthu l``pjhbt dlruphahb thbhdhb hsjc ihlrhg trepcs.

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jhcbyh dlbyloutahb ohgh pjhsdh buthg tlrub` ictlduahb /u`h ic Hrcah yhctu

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tcb``c icajhsccahscahb sloh`hc olrcaut 2

Iccsce 2 &plrdhtgepgth

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!ljhs 2 Iymetcjliebl

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&plscls 2 ]ejhbud dljeb`lbh J.

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'Ghjdhglrh-" teeac '$lrbhtl ihb $cierl- ihb phphje hthu tctcrcud 'Crchb-.

7



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sloh`hc thbhdhb slduscd ahrlbh /cah dlb/hic tuh dhah thbhdhb hahb shb`ht

olshr ihb preiuascbyh dlburub th/hd. '%cjjchds lt hj. ihjhd Kuadhbh , 8??9-.

(lburut Kuoht,ay ihb Ohdhùmgc ihjhd \sdhbc/'8??1-" thbhdhb tlrub`

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dlruphahb sldha" yhb` icslohoahb ejlg preiuasc tubhs phih altcha ihub.

$hbhdhb tlrub` dldcjcac ohthb` tl`ha ihb olrmhohb . Ihub phih

ududbyh olshr" olrsljhb`3sljcb` ihb tub``hj. Jldohr ihub oujht tljur gcb``h

oujht tljur jeb/eb` ilb`hb oh`chb tlpc olredoha. )ub`h tlrub` dlruphahb oub`h

sldpurbh" olrhrbh alubùhb ihb dlbylroua slbicrc. )uhg tlrub` tlrdhsua

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Kuadhbh" 8??9-.

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/lbcs hrclthsbyh. #hrclths3hrclths tlrub` yhb` ohbyha icùbhahb iciubch tlricrc

hths hrclths Ojhma Olhuty, Jeb` [urpjl ihb Njercih hralt '&uthrbe lt hj . ihjhd

Kuadhbh"8??9-.

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yhctu hrclths tlrub` Jeahj" ic Cbieblsch tlralbhj ilb`hb tlrub` !epla ihb

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icolihahb hths olbtua ihb hrbh ouhg. #hrclths Jeahj dldcjcac olbtua ouhg oujht

phb/hb` ilb`hb u/ub` tudpuj ihb hrbh ouhg muaup olrhrchsc dujhc ihrc ubù

gcb``h gc/hu alubùhb. &lihbàhb hrclths )eèr dldcjcac olbtua ouhg oujht

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olshr ilb`hb hrbh ouhg putcg hthu gc/hu alputcg3putcghb '&uthrbe lt.hj. ihjhd

Kuadhbh ,8??9-.

$hbhdhb tlrub` slmhrh berdhj ihpht dlb`ghscjahb ouhg slohbyha =

gcb``h 89 ouhg plr pegebbyh '&uthrbe lt hj . ihjhd Kuadhbh" 8??9-. $ethj

tlrtcb``c preiuasc tlrub` yhb` ihpht icghscjahb sltchp glathrbyh dlbmhphc 07

gcb``h 71 teb.

?.? $#rdhbsc Olbcg

Ierdhbsc slmhrh udud ic`hdohrahb sloh`hc suhtu aebicsc icdhbh olbcg

tciha dlbub/uaahb `l/hjh tudoug hthu tciha dhdpu olralmhdohg slahjcpub phih

jcbàub`hb yhb` dlbiuaub` ubtua plralmhdohghb. &lmhrh hjhdc ierdhbsc olbcg

dlruphahb suhtu dlahbcsdl plb`hturhb plralmhdohghb sloh`hc hihpthsc ubtua

althghbhb hjhdc splscls yhb` olrshbàuthb tlrghihp aebicsc jcbàub`hb yhb`

tciha slsuhc ubtua plralmhdohghb '#cjjclrs" 8?>0-. (hylr ihb (hyolr '8?=0-

dlbl`hsahb ohgh ierdhbsc olbcg hihjhg suhtu alhihhb olbcg icdhbh olbcg

tciha dhdpu olralmhdohg hjhupub hater plralmhdohghb 'hcr" sugu" aedpescsc

`hs ihb mhghyh- olrhih ihjhd alhihhb eptcdud.

:realr ihjhd #cjjclrs '8?>0- dlbàjhsccahscahb plbyloho ierdhbsc

sloh`hc olrcaut 2 '8- ldorce olbcg yhb` oljud dhsha" '0- aujct olbcg cdplrdch!jl

tlrghihp hcr" '6- ghjhb`hb dlahbcs aujct olbcg oh`c plrtudoughb ldorce yhb`

dldlrjuahb mhghyh" '9- aujct olbcg cdplrdch!jl tlrghihp `hs" '7- hihbyh

cbgcocter ihjhd ldorce" '<- aedocbhsc ihrc plbyloho3plbyloho tlrslout ihb '>-

ierdhbsc saubilr.

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ierdhbmy, '9- $biumli ierdhbmy, '7- %htlr slbsctc&cty, '<- "d!rye ierdhbmy.

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"meje`cmhj ierdhbmy, slihbàhb #hrislliblss icslohoahb ejlg aujct olbcg yhb`

alrhs slgcb``h olbcg sujct dlb`cdococsc hcr. "bnermli ierdhbmy yhctu ierdhbsc

yhb` icslohoahb ejlg hater jcbàub`hb icdhbh olbcg yhb` ihpht olralmhdohg

/cah hater plb`ghdoht tlrslout icgcjhbàhb" $biumli ierdhbmy yhctu ierdhbsc

ahrlbh shjhg shtu hater jcbàub`hb ihb hphocjh icaldohjcahb phih alhihhb

sldujh olbcg tlthp ierdhb ihb $bbhtl ierdhbmy yhctu ierdhbsc yhb` tlr/hic

sl/ha olbcg dhscg olrhih phih thbhdhb cbiua. %htlr slbsctc&cty yhctu olbcg tciha

ihpht olralmhdohg ahrlbh plah tlrghihp aljldohohb tcb``c ihb tciha

dlbub/uaahb alrushahb phih aetcjlieb slihbàhb "d!rye ierdhbmy yhctu

ierdhbsc yhb` icslohoahb ahrlbh ldorce olbcg tciha ihpht tudoug hthu

olraldohb` ahrlbh hihbyh cbgcocter ihrc aetcjlieb yhb` dlb`ghdoht

plralmhdohghb olbcg.

Ierdhbsc dubàcb icalbihjcahb ejlg suhtu alslcdohb`hb hbthrh gerdeb

plrhb`shb` plrtudoughb ihb gerdeb plb`cbiuasc ierdhbsc yhb` hih icihjhd

er`hb yhb` shdh. %hrlcb` ihjhd !ghb '8??0- dlb`lduahahb gcpetlscs

alslcdohb`hb predeter ihb cbgcocter ihjhd plb`lbihjchb plralmhdohghb olbcg

yhctu 2 '8- gerdeb `corljcb ghrus hih ihjhd slduh aebicsc tlthpc hatccthsbyh

ihpht icghdoht ejlg cbgcocter" '0- gerdeb scteacbcb ihpht dlbutup plrhb cbgcocter

ihb '6- /cah tciha hih cbgcocter scteacbcb tciha olrplrhb.

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Ierdhbsc ahrlbh ldorce olbcg icslout /u`h ierdhbsc csceje`ca" ihpht

icslohoahd ahrlbh hihbyh cbgcocter phih ldorce hthu ahrlbh ldorce yhb` oljud

dhsha. &ljhb/utbyh :epljhbi ihb (mIebhj ihjhd *ctrch H. '0118-" plbyloho

tlr/hicbyh ierdhbsc hihjhg ldorce" dhah ihpht icslout sloh`hc ierdhbsc

csceje`c. &lihb`ahb ocjh plbylohobyh aujct olbcg icslout /u`h ierdhbsc csca.

!ujct olbcg ihjhd ghj cbc tlrdhsua struatur yhb` dlb`ljcjcb`c oc/c slplrtc

`juddl" jlddh" phjlh" plrcahrp 'tlrdhsua lbiemhrp- ihb tlsth.

&hjhg shtu slbyhh plbyusub uthdh aujct oc/c yhb` rlscstlb tlrghihp

ilaedpescsc hihjhg sljujesh ihb jc bcb. Hspcbhj ihjhd (urbchtc '8??7-

dljhperahb ohgh 'yjhb dlruphahb pejcdlr uthdh plbyusub gldcsljujesh

thbhdhb icaetcj.

[lbyloho ierdhbsc ohca csca hthu ierdhbsc ahrlbh aujct olbcg" dhupub

csceje`c hthu ahrlbh ldorce olbcg cbc ihpht ic/udphc phih olroh`hc splscls" tlthpc

hih yhb` dldpubyhc ierdhbsc `hbih yhctu ierdhbsc csca ihb csceje`c. [hih

ududbyh ierdhbsc `hbih ohbyha ic/udphc phih olbcg thbhdhb olrahyu.

'(urbchtc" 8??7-.

[lbljctchb3plbljctchb tlbthb` ierdhbsc olbcg agususbyh ihrc hdcjc

&ejhbhmlhl tljhg ohbyha icjhauahb. )lbcg mhohc 'Mhpscmud hbbuud- dlb`hjhdc

ierdhbsc yhb` icslohoahb ejlg hntlr rcplbcb` 'Khijl ihb Gebdhb" 8?=8-. )lbcg

]ejhbud :jhra dlb`hjhdc ierdhbsc yhb` hahb olrhagcr slacthr 639 oujhb sltljhg

icscdphb 'Hbebydeus" 8?=7-. \sdhbc/ '8??1- dljhperahb ghscj plbljctchbbyh

ohgh phih olbcg tlrub` aepla dlb`hjhdc cbbhtl ierdhbmy. Ghj cbc icouatcahb

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ihrc rlbihgbyh ihyh olralmhdohg ihb almlphthb tudougbyh" /cah olbcg

icalmhdohgahb sltljhg lastrhasc thbph dljhjuc plbycdphbhb tlrjlocg ihguju.

?.= [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb $#rdhbsc

[hih prcbscpbyh hih tc`h dlteil pldlmhghb ierdhbsc yhctu mhrh dlahbcs"

csceje`cs ihb acdch. :hrh dlahbcs slplrtc sahrccahsc csca ilb`hb hshd ' )yri"

8?=6- ochshbyh icùbhahb phih olbcg3olbcg yhb` cdplrdlh!jl tlrghihp hcr ihb

`hs ahrlbh alalrhshb aujct olbcgbyh. :hrh csceje`cs ochshbyh dlb`ùbhahb sugu

tcb``c hthu rlbihg tcb``c ihb rlbihg olr`hbtc ihb plb`ùbhhb sugu yhb` tlrus

dlblrus phih sugu tlrtlbtu. :hrh acdch dlb`ùbhahb ohghb3ohghb acdch slplrtc

!B6" G00 ihb gerdeb tudoug.

(hylr ihb (hyolr '8?=0- dlbyhthahb ohgh jhruthb !B6 ihpht

dlrhb`shb` plralmhdohghb olbcg yhb` dlb`hjhdc ierdhbsc slplrtc olbcg

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Jhruthb !B6 tlrslout olrcbtlrhasc ilb`hb sugu ihb dlbstcdujcr plralmhdohghb

olbcg. Lla !B6 yhb` ictcdoujahb ictlbtuahb ejlg olshr almcjbyh aebslbtrhsc.

Ierdhbsc csceje`cs ihpht icphthgahb ilb`hb plbycdphbhb alrcb "

prlmgcjjcb`, prlglhtcb`, mhghyh" ahjcud bctrht '!B6-" hshd `colrljht '+H6- ihb

pejyltgyjlbl 'C&$H" 8???-.

(lburut &el/hic ihb !elshbigrchbc ihjhd %usebe '0118- !B6 ghbyh

hahb llatc ocjh icaedocbhscahb ilb`hb pldhbhshb phih sugu 711 : sljhdh 9=

/hd" mhrh cbc ihpht dldhthgahb ierdhbsc slmhrh llatc phih ololrhph hrclths

phic.

Mht acdch yhb` ohbyha icùbhahb ubtua dlrhb`shb` plralmhdohghb

olbcg hihjhg !hjcud bctrht '!B6-. Jhruthb 1.85 shdphc 85 !B6 ududbyh

81



rutcb icùbhahb phih u/c plralmhdohghb ihb icrlaedlbihscahb ejlg Hssemchtceb

en (nncmchj ]lli Hbhjyst ihb $btlrbhtcebhj ]lli )lstcb` Hssemchtceb. )hbyha olbcg

yhb` plah tlrghihp !B6 /u`h plah tlrghihp mhghyh. Icjhcb pcgha !B6 ihpht

dlbchihahb ghdohthb mhghyh phih plralmhdohghb olbcg rcml`rhs ':epljhbi"

8?><-. (lburut &el/hic ihb !elshbigrchbc ihjhd %usebe '0118- !B6 ghbyh

llatc phih olbcg yhb` dldcjcac cbtlbscths ierdhbsc rlbihg. [ldhthghb

ierdhbsc ohru hahb llatc ocjh icaedocbhscahb ilb`hb pldhbhshb phih sugu

711 : sljhdh 9= /hd" mhrh cbc ihpht dldhthgahb ierdhbsc slmhrh llatc phih

ololrhph hrclths phic.

)ljly ihb )jhma ihjhd (urbchtc '8??7- dlbyhthahb pldhthghb

ierdhbsc olrguoub`hb ilb`hb hatccths jcbthshb plbtesh esht. asc`lb shb`ht

icoutugahb ihjhd jcbthshb cbc ubtua rleascihsc BHI[G dlb/hic lblr`c. Jcbthshb

cbc dlb/hic tciha hatc ahrlbh tlrohthsbyh easc`lb yhb` icplrùbhahb ubtua

hatccths rlspcrhsc. Bctrht '!B6- olrub`sc sloh`hc hslpter gcire`lb yhb`

dldohbtu rlhasc eascihsc BHI[G slgcb``h dlb`hatcahb aldohjc jcbthshb

plbtesh esht yhb` dlb`hacohtahb presls plralmhdohghb olbcg ihpht tlr/hic.

Ierdhbsc phih olbcg &ejhbhmlhl /u`h ihpht ichthsc ilb`hb prcdcb`.

[lb`ùbhhb esdetcaud [L+ <111 ihb !B6 ihpht dldhthgahb ierdhbsc olbcg

tlrub` ']ejhbud dljeb`lbh J.- yhb` ictub/uahb ejlg plbcbàhthb ihyh

olralmhdohg ihb alslrldphahb tudoug 'Hùstcb" (urbchtc" )uichrtc" 8??7

ihjhd (urbchtc-.

%hbhchg '0116-" dlb`lduahahb ohgh ierdhbsc phih mhol rhct

#hrclths $hrubh dlruphahb lasprlsc ihrc ierdhbsc csceje`cs. &hjhg shtu mcrc

dlbeb/ej ihrc mhol rhct #hrclths $hrubh hihjhg hredh yhb` auht phih olbcg ihb

88



tlruthdh phih almhdohg yhb` tudoug. Mht hredhtcm cbc iciu`h dldpubyhc

plrhbhb ihjhd dlb`ghdoht presls plralmhdohghb mhol rhct #hrclths $hrubh.

&ljhcb ctu" aedpescsc ,ht cbgcocter mhpscmcb yhb` dubmuj phih mhol rhct

#hrclths $hrubh dlbylohoahb alslcdohb`hb gerdebhj olbcg tciha slcdohb` ihb

ihpht dlb`hacohtahb tcb`aht derthjcths phih olbcg yhb` slihb` icalmhdohgahb

tcb``c. &ljhcb olbcg ierdhb yhb` dlb/hic ousua hthu dhtc ,ht cbgcocter tlrslout

/u`h dl`hacohtahb almhdohg berdhj dlb/hic hoberdhj ilb`hb cbicahsc hhj

scstld plrhahrhb dlb/hic dlb`lrcb` tlrohahr.

[hih shht ierdhbsc" altlrslichhb easc`lb tlrohths yhb` dlb`hacohtahb

jcbthshb pesht dlb/hic cbhatc. Ihjhd alhihhb ildcachb hahb dldcmu tlr/hicbyh

lrdlbthsc hbhlreo yhb` mlpht slgcb``h dlbylohoahb olbcg yhb` tljhg cdococsc

dlb/hic dljubha ihb ousua phih olbcg mhol rhct hrclths $hrubh.

(lburut %hbhchg '0116-" !B6 ihpht dlb`hatchsc jcbthshb plbtesh

pespht" icdhbh !B6 tlrurhc dlb/hic Bctrht 'B63- ihb tlrliuasc dlb/hic Bctrct

'B0-. Bctrht ihjhd plralmhdohghb olbcg olrtcbiha sltljhg tlrliuasc dlb/hic

bctrct hthu gcireascjhdcb. Bctrht ihjhd plralmhdohghb olbcg olrub`sc sloh`hc

hslpter gcire`lb yhb` dldohbtu presls rlhasc eascihsc BHI[G. Bctrht ihjhd

olbtua bctrct ihb gcireascjhdcb tlrslout dlrhb`shb` plralmhdohghb ilb`hb mhrh

dlb`ghdoht lb,cd ahthjhsl. [lb`ghdohthb tlrslout dlbylohoahb easc`lb tlthp

tlrslich ihjhd olbtua G00 ubtua hatccths plreascihsl yhb` tlrjcoht ihjhd scstld

lb,cd rlhasc eascihsc BHI[G. Ghscj rlhasc cbc hihjhg dlb`hatcahb aldohjc

jcbthshb plbtesh esht" slgcb``h presls plralmhdohghb ihpht tlr/hic ilb`hb ohca.

?.9 [lral%hd&hghb Olbcg

80



[lb`lrtchb plralmhdohghb olbcg dlburut ;hbb ihb Hdlb ihjhd

\sdhbc/'8??1- icolihahb dlb/hic 2 '8- dereje`cs" yhctu plruohghb olbtua

ldorce dlb/hic almhdohg" '0- csceje`cs" yhctu icdujhcbyh aldohjc presls

dlthoejcsdl ihb plrtudoughb struatur plbtcb` ihrc ldorce yhb` thicbyh tlrtubih

ihb icthbihc ilb`hb dubmujbyh struatur tlrslout dlbldous aujct olbcg" ihb '6-

oceacdch" yhctu suhtu rhb`ahchb plruohghb jcbthshb3jcbthshb eascihtc yhb`

dlbylohoahb plruohghb slbyhh3slbyhh acdch ihjhd olbcg.

$cssheuc ihb :edl ihjhd *ctrch H '0118-" dlbyhthahb ohgh alsljurughb

presls plralmhdohghb dljlhtc tc`h hsl" yhctu hsl cdococsc" hsl

plralmhdohghb slbsu strcmte 'hsl hatchsc- ihb hsl plrtudoughb yhb` ichhjc

dubmujbyh rhicaujh. )ljly ihb )jhma ihjhd *ctrch H '0118- dlb``hdohrahb

ihjhd aurh olbtua sc`deci slplrtc phih `hdohr `rhca8.

*hsl C icslout /u`h ilb`hb hsl cdococsc" ihjhd hsl cbc hcr icslrhp ejlg

olbcg" ohca olbcg ierdhb dhupub beb ierdhb" olbcg cholj dhupub beb cholj.

[resls cbc olrjhb`sub` ahrlbh hihbyh plrolihhb petlbschj hcr hbthrh olbcg ilb`hb

hcr yhb` shb`ht olshr. [etlbschj hcr phih olbcg alrcb` ihpht dlbmhphc 8111 ohr"

sldlbthrh phih hcr 1 ohr.

86



+rhca 8. [lbylrhphb Hcr ejlg )lbcg yhb` &lihb` )lralmhdohg

'&udolr 2 )ljly ihb )jhma" 8?=0-

*hsl CC hthu jh` pghsl hihjhg plrceil dujhc hatcbyh dlthoejcsdl sloh`hc

plrschphb ubtua plralmhdohghb phih olbcg beb ierdhb. &ldlbthrh plb`hatchb

dlthoejcsdl tciha tlr/hic phih olbcg dhtc.

*hsl CCC hthu hsl plrtudoughb ghbyh tlr/hic phih olbcg beb ierdhb yhb`

cholj" icthbihc ilb`hb dubmujbyh hahr ihb iccautc ilb`hb presls pldoljhghb slj

yhb` lastlbsc" plbcb`ahthb jh/u plbylrhphb hcr ihb plredohahb mhihb`hb

dhahbhb.

[resls yhb` tlr/hic sljhdh plralmhdohghb dljcputc 2

[resls phih hhj plralmhdohghb 'sloljud `l/hjh almhdohg bhdpha-

3 Cdococsc dlruphahb presls plbylrhphb hcr alihjhd olbcg" ghj cbc

icplb`hrugc ejlg tcb`aht plrdlhocjcths aujct olbcg" aedpescsc acdch olbcg

ihb altlrslichhb hcr icslacthrbyh.

3 [lb`hatchb rlspcrhsc

3 [lb`hatchb lb,cd" er`hblj" scbtlsh KBH ihb pretlcb

[resls jhb/uthb ihrc plralmhdohghb 'slsuihg `l/hjh bhdpha-

3 [lredohahb ihb deocjcths mhihb`hb dhahbhb uthdh dljcputc ahroegcirht"

jldha" pretlcb ihb esht.

3 Klspcrhsc ihb ocescbtlsh

3 [lrtudoughb almhdohg.

89



?.'. _ls(crhsc )hb Oc#scbtlsh

3 ihjhd suhtu scsthd oceje`c er`hbcsdh" icplrjuahb lblr c ubtua scbtlscs

struatur slj ihb pldljcghrhhb struatur tlrslout yhctu lblr`c acdch yhb`

icplrejlg ihrc pldutushb cahthb3cahthb acdch suhtu dejlauj tlraebtrej.

3 Cahthb3cahthb ahroeb hihjhg sudolr lblr c

3 [resls rlspcrhsc dlruphahb suhtu presls pljlphshb lblr`c ihrc pldutushb

ihb pljldhghb cahthb3cahthb hbthrh ahroeb ilb`hb ahroeb" ihb ahroeb

ilb`hb gyire`lb icihjhd suhtu dejlauj

3 [hih olbcg yhb` tljhg olrcdococsc tlr/hic rlspcrhsc hatc dljhjuc tc h

jcbthshb yhb` olr/hjhb scdujthb yhctu 2

8-. `jcaejcsscs 0-. plbtesh pgesht 6-. !rlos

8. +jcaejcscs

3 `jcaejcscs hthu jcbthshb ldolilb dlylrge phrbhss 'L([- dlruphahb

plredohahb `ujh ilb`hb hted :< dlb/hic hshd cruht ilb`hb hted :6

3 ahthjcshter ilb`hb scajus jcbthshb cbc hihjhg lb,cd sctepjhsdh ahrlbh

scajus cbc tlr/hic ic ihjhd sctesej yhb` dlruphahb oh`chb ihrc sctepjhsdh

3 ihjhd alhihhb thbph easc lb 'hbhlre!- hahb tlr/hic presls plrdlbthsc

yhb` hahb dlb`ghscjahb hjaegej dhupub hshd jhatht.

3 Klspcrhsc hbhlreo hahb dlb`ghscjahb iuh dejlauj H$[ ihrc sltchp

dejlauj `juaesh yhb` icrlspcrhscahb

3 [hih aebicsc hlreo hahb icghscjahb < hthu = dejlauj H$[ yhb` icghscjahb

sljhdh pldolbtuahb hshd pcruht

3 !hrlbh hsltcj !H shb`ht rlhatc" sltljhg tlrolbtua sl`lrh olrlhasc

ilb`hb hshd eashje hsltht dldolbtua hshd sctrht ildcachb sltlrusbyh

87



tlr/hic ilgcirhsc" ilahroeascjhsc" ilgcire`lbhsc ihb esercjhsc slgcb``h

ihrc hshd sctrht hahb tlrolbtua hshd eashje hsltht yhb` ilb`hb hsltcj !H

hahb dldolbtua hshd sctrht aldohjc

3 Ilb`hb scajus cbc hahb tlrolbtua slohbyha 61 dejlauj H$[ yhb` olrhshj

ihrc esercjhsc suosthrht slrth esercjhsc eascihtc

3 $hghp tlrhagcr ihrc presls rlspcrhsc hihjhg pldcbihghb lblr`c. Lblr`c

yhb` tlrihpht ihjhd cahthb ohghb ohahr olrhb`sur3hb`sur icjlphsahb ihb

icaudpujahb ihjhd suhtu cahthb acdch ilb`hb lblr`c tcb``c yhctu H$[.

3 [ldolbtuahb H$[ ihrc BG0 dhupub *HIG0 yhb` icghscjhahb ejlg

`jcaejcscs dhupub scajus arlos tciha ihpht olrlhasc jhb`sub` ilb`hb

easc`lb dldolbtua hcr slgcb``h plrju ictrhbslr slmhrh olrthghp dljhjuc

trhbslr ljlatreb ihjhd presls esercjhsc eascihtc. $rhbslr ljlatreb ihrc

slbyhh yhb` rlbihg petlbsc rliuascbyh al slbyhh yhb` tcb``c petlbsc

rliuascbyh

3 asc`lb dlruphahb hslpter gyire`lb yhb` tlrhagcr ahrlbh dldcjcac

petlbsc rliuasc yhb` tlrtcb``c

* Iciu`h presls trhbslr gyire`lb ihb ljlatreb tlr/hic ihjhd eascsed yhb`

tlrjltha phih dldorhb oh`chb ihjhd dcteaebirch yhb` icslout mrcsthl

0. plbtesh pgesht

3 icshdpcb` jcbthshb `jcaejcscs sloh`hc jcbthshb uthdh ihjhd pldolbtuahb

hshd crupht" tlrihpht jcbthshb plbteshpgesht hthu glasesh debeesht

'G([-

8<



3 dljhjuc scajus cbc icghscjahb BHI[G yhb` olrub`sc ieber gyire`lb ihb

ljlatreb phih presls rliuasc tlruthdh hshd jldha dljhjuc presls hthu

scajus `jceascjht yhb` tlr/hic icihjhd `jceascsed

3 sljhcb ctu dljhjuc scajus plbteshpesght icghscjahb cbtlrdlichtl yhb`

olrub`sc sloh`hc slyhh hhj oh`c ocescbtlscs olroh`hc slbyhh

pldolbtua slj yhb` jlocg aedpjlas dcshjbyh rcoesed yhctu ùjh

olrahroeb 7 yhb` icùbhahb ihjhd oce scbtlscs hshd buajlht slrth lrctresh

icùbhahb ubtua ocescbtlscs slbyhh lbej

6. &cajus !rlos

3 scajus cbc icslout /u`h scajus hshd sctrht hthu hshd trcahroeascjht

3 sloljud dhsua alihjhd scajus hshd sctrht" hshd pcruht yhb` tlrolbtua

ihrc ghscj `jcaejcscs dlb`hjhdc ilahroeascjhsc" rliuasc ihb eascihsc

slgcb``h tlrolbtua hsltcj ! H yhb` dlruphahb aubmc plredohahb ohghb

ohau 'slplrtc ahroegcirht" jldha ihb pretlcb- sloljud presls hlreo

dljhjuc scajus arlos.

3 Ghscj hagcr scajus cbc hihjhg :0. aeblrsc ihrc hshd pcruht dlb/hic hsltcj

!eH.

?.* Dl)ch [lral%hd&hghb Olbcg

[lralmhdohghb olbcg dlruphahb suhtu presls hhj yhb` plbtcb` ubtua

algciuphb thbhdhb sljhb/utbyh. *hater3hater yhb` dldplb`hrugc

plralmhdohghb olbcg yhctu hater `lbltca ihb hater jcbàub`hb plralmhdohghb.

*hater `lbltca dlruphahb hater3hater yhb` olrhshj ihrc ihjhd olbcg slplrtc

aujct olbcg ihb lbiesplrdh olbcg" slihbàhb hater jcbàub`hb dlruphahb

hater3hater yhb` ohrhshj ihrc jcbàub`hb slacthr dlich plralmhdohghb olbcg

8>



yhctu hcr" sugu" mhghyh ihb easc`lb. *hater3hater cbc ghrus tlrslich slmhrh

eptcdud phih shht olbcg olralmhdohg dhupub shht plbù/chb chocjcths olbcg

ubtua alplrjuhb hbhjcscs olbcg.

[hih ihshrbyh hih tc`h /lbcs dlich hthu suostrht plb`lmhdohghb yhb`

slrcb` icùbhahb ihjhd plbù/chb olbcg yhctu alrths" phscr ihb thbhg '&utepe"

8??0-. ;lbcs suostrht alrths yhb` icùbhahb hihjhg alrths ojettlr" alrths acdpha"

hoserilbt metteb" alrths telj" alrths cjtlr ihb alrths dlrhb`. &uostrht alrths

tlrslout ochshbyh icjlthahb phih ohac plralmhdohghb hthu mhhb pltrc. !lrths

dlrhb " dlburut shi/hi ihjhd %hbhchg '0116-" icpcjcg sloh`hc suostrht hbhjcscs

chocjcths olbcg ahrlbh hrbhbyh aubcb` almeajhthb slplrtc alrths telj dldcjcac

ihyh hoserpsc hcr yhb` tcb``c ihb ghr`hbyh durhg. &ljhcb ctu alub`ùjhb alrths

dlrhb` icohbicbàhb phscr hihjhg alrths dlrhb` shb`ht prhatcs ubtua

dlbihphtahb aebicsc yhb` tlraebtrej ihb /hug jlocg slicact ruhb` yhb` icplrjuahb

ubtua dlbldphtahb dhtlrc yhb` icu/c. Ghj cbc dlb/hic tctca tejha ihjhd

plb`ldohb`hb cjdu ihb tlabeje`c olbcg slrth pljhashbhhb rcslt3rcslt tlbthb`

chocjcths olbcg sljhb/utbyh. !laurhb`hb alrths dlrhb` ubtua u/c chocjcths olbcg

hihjhg altlohjhbyh yhb` tciha slrh`hd slgcb``h alauhthb tlbscjbyh almcj ihb

ihyh seolabyh olshr. &uostrht alrths dlrhb` yhb` shht cbc ohbyha ic/udphc

dldcjcac altlohjhb yhb` slrh`hd bhdub shb`ht tcpcs ihb ihyh seolabyh olshr.

[lbù/chb ilb`hb dlich phscr ihb thbhg icjhauahb hphocjh

plb`lmhdohghb mebteg olbcg ilb`hb suostrht alrths tciha olralmhdohg hthu

dlb`ghscjahb plralmhdohghb yhb` tciha ihpht icbcjhc. &tlrcjcshsc plrju icjhauahb

sloljud aliuh dlich tlrslout icùbhahb sloh`hc dlich plralmhdohghb" dlich

phscr yhb` ichb/urahb sloh`hc dlich plralmhdohghb hihjhg tciha dlb`hbiub`

8=



ohghb yhb` tciha olrhmub" [G byh <"1 >"7 ihb olruaurhb 1"17 1"= dd"

slihbàhb dlich thbhg yhb` ichb/urahb hihjhg tciha olrùdphj ihb ubtua thbhg

jcht ghrus icmhdpur ilb`hb phscr '&utepe" 8??0-.

?.+ Dlt#)l [lbùfchb $h,h Olral%hd&hg

Ihjhd plbù/chb ihyh tudoug icalbhj tc`h dlteil yhb` udud icùbhahb

yhctu dlteil \/c Ichths !lrths '\I!-" dlteil \/c Hbthr !lrths '\H!-" ihb

dlteil \/c [hscr. \btua sltchp jet yhb` icu/c ichacjc ejlg 911 outcr olbcg ihrc

rhasc olbcg durbc yhb` icoh`c alihjhd ldpht ujhb`hb. $ldpht plbù/chb ihrc

dhscb 3dhscb` dlteil olrolih3olih yhabc ubtua \I! dl/h3dl/h oha

hjudubcud yhb` icsusub phih rha" icdhbh olbcg icjlthahb phih pjht ahmh ilb`hb

hjhs tlricrc ihrc shtu jhpcs tcssul sudou" shtu jhpcs tcssul hjhs" ihb tc`h jhpcs alrths

dlrhb` yhb` olrichdltlr ? md. &lihbàhb ubtua dlb/h`h aljldohohb olbcg"

icolrc subàup olrolbtua alrumut ilb`hb u/ub` subàup icouht juohb`. (lteil

cbc ochshbyh icùbhahb ubtua olbcg3olbcg olruaurhb almcj. ;lbcs olbcg yhb` icu/c

dcshjbyh ihrc aljedpea olbcg &ejhbhmlhl.

(lteil \H! dlb`ùbhahb `lrdcbhter tcpl C[) >038" ilb`hb dlich olruph

alrths dlrhb` plrsl`c ldpht yhb` icsusub iuh jldohr plbutup hths ihb tc`h

jldohr plbutup ohhg icjlthahb ilb`hb mhrh olricrc. (lteil cbc icùbhahb ubtua

dlbù/c olbcg3olbcg yhb` olruaurhb olshr slplrtc olbcg ihrc hdcjc :umurocthmlhl

ihb Jlùdcbemlhl.

8?



(lteil \/c [hscr ochshbyh icùbhahb ubtua dlbù/c olbcg3olbcg yhb`

dldpubyhc plrhahrhb yhb` phb/hb` ihb auht" ochshbyh ubtua dlteil cbc

dldlrjuahb dl/h3dl/h thdpht dljlthahb ohac3ohac yhb` olrcsc dlich phscr

yhb` icscdphb ic ihjhd ]mrllb geusl. ;udjhg olbcg yhb` icu/c ihjhd shtu ohac

811 outcr slohbyha ldpht ujhb`hb. :ebteg olbcg yhb` icu/c phih dlteil cbc

dcshjbyh aljedpea tlrub`3tlrub`hb ihrc hdcjc &ejhbhmlhl hthupub dlteil cbc

icùbhahb sloh`hc ohghb pldohbicb` ghscj plbù/chb ihrc aliuh dlteil

plbù/chb ic hths.

?.- c(#tlscs

8. Iciu`h tlrub` dldcjcac ahrhatlrcstca ierdhbsc csca yhb` icslohoahb ejlg

cdplrdcochjcths hcr ejlg aujct oc/c yhb` alrhs. !ldubàcbhb plrjhauhb

ubtua pldhthghb ierdhbsc hihjhg ilb`hb plrjhauhb prlglhtcb` .

0. Iciu`h tlrub` dldcjcac ahrhatlrcstca ierdhbsc csceje`ca yhb` icslohoahb

ejlg alslcdohb`hb gerdebhj ihb hthu ilb`hb hihbyh alghicrhb cbgcocter

phih olbcg. !ldubàcbhb plrjhauhb ubtua pldhthghb ierdhbsc hihjhg

ilb`hb pldolrchb plrjhauhb ohghb acdch '!B6- ihb plbmumchb ilb`hb

jhruthb :jere.

6. Iciu`h olbcg tlrub` dldcjcac ahrhatlrcstca aedocbhsc ierdhbsc csca ihb

csceje`ca. !ldubàcbhb plrjhauhb yhb` tlpht ubtua pldhthghb ierdhbsc

hihjhg ilb`hb aedocbhsc plrjhauhb prlglhtcb` ihb pldolrchb ohghb

acdch '!B6- ihb plbmumchb ilb`hb jhruthb :jere.

01



CCC. D/Y;$;J;C [/B/JCYCHB

=.8 Yld(ht )hb hatu

[lbljctchb icjhashbhahb ic Jhoerhtercud 4uhjcty :ebtrej [reiumtceb [$.

Lhst %lst &lli Cbieblsch" ;jb. )hsuac Khgdht +hb`. &([ = (uatcshrc $l`hj

)lshr ;ldolr" oujhb Ilsldolr 0119 shdphc ilb`hb ;hbuhrc 0117.

=.? Hjht )hb Ohghb

)hghb yhb` ic`ubhahb yhctu olbcg tlrub` gcorcih #hrclths (usthb` yhb`

dlb`hjhdc ierdhbsc 'icalthguc ihrc u/c plbihgujuhb-" !B6" Hjaegej >75"

HNuhilst" &uostrht ihb Hcr.

Hjht yhb` ic ubhahb hjht plb`lmhdohg rha `lrdcbhter" htlr glhtlr"

tlrdedltlr" mebl" pcbslt" sphtujh" `ljhs uaur" mhhb pltrc" ghbi meubtlr"

tcdohb`hb hbhjctca" dcaresaep ihb jholj

=.= Dlt#)l [lbljctchb

[lrmeohhb $hghp C

[lrmeohhb plrthdh icjhauahb `ubh dlbljusurc /lbcs ierdhbsc yhb` tlr/hic

phih #hrclths (usthb`. [lrmeohhb tlrslout icjhauahb phih ololrhph shdpjl olbcg

$lrub` [hb/hb` ubtua dlb`lthguc ierdhbscbyh.

08



[lrmeohhb cbc dlb`ùbhahb rhbmhb`hb hmha jlbàhp hater tub``hj.

&lduh hater jhcb icolrcahb slrh`hd phih slduh thrh plrmeohhb. [lrmeohhb cbc

tlricrc ihrc iljhphb thrh plrjhauhb dljcputc 2

t8 2 [ldlrhdhb sljhdh 8 09 /hd" alduichb olbcg icmumc ilb`hb :jere

1.05

t0 2 )lbcg jhb`sub` icalmhdohgahb phih dlich $[$ yhb` dlb`hbiub` 1.05

!B6

t6 2 &loljud icalmhdohgahb olbcg icrlbihd ihjhd hcr phbhs 711: sljhdh 9

/hd

t9 2 !edocbhsc t8"t0

t7 2 !edocbhsc t8"t6

t<2 2 !edocbhsc t0"t6

t> 2 !edocbhsc t8"t0"t6

t= 2 !ebtrej 'olbcg icalmhdohgahb thbph plrjhauhb-

&ltchp thrh plrmeohhb tlricrc ihrc 811 outcr olbcg ghscj dc'cb` ihb icujhb`

alihjhd ldpht ujhb`hb slgcb``h tlrihpht 60 shtuhb plrmeohhb.

(eilj rhbmhb`hb yhb` icùbhahb hihjhg 2

Scf 4 + Yc + cf

+c - bcjhc plb`hdhthb phih plrjhauhb al c ihb ujhb`hb al

¼ @ bcjhc tlb`hg plrjhauhb

c @ plrjhauhb

- ujhb`hb

[lrmeohhb $hghp CC

00



[lrmeohhb thghp al iuh icjhauahb ùbh dlbmhrc aebslbtrhsc plrjhauhb

yhb` tlpht. [lrmeohhb cbc icjhauahb tlrghihp shdpjl olbcg dc'cb` yhb` shdh

ilb`hb plrmeohhb thghp plrthdh. [lrmeohhb cbc dlb`ùbhahb rhbmhb`hb hmha

jlbàhp hater tub``hj tlrghihp plrjhauhb tlrohca ihrc plrmeohhb plrthdh.

[lrmeohhb cbc tlricrc ihrc ldpht thrh plrjhauhb dljcputc 2

t9h 2 [ldlrhdhb sljhdh 809 /hd" alduichb olbcg icmumc ilb`hb :jere

1.05 sljhb/utbyh olbcg icalmhdohgahb phih dlich yhb` dlb`hbiub`

1.85 !B6.

t9o 2 [ldlrhdhb sljhdh 809 /hd" alduichb olbcg icmumc ilb`hb :jere


1.05 !B6.

t9m 2 [ldlrhdhb sljhdh 809 /hd" alduichb olbcg icmumc ilb`hb :jere


1.65 !B6.

t9i 2 [ldlrhdhb sljhdh 809 /hd" alduichb olbcg icmumc ilb`hb :jere


1.95 !B6.

=.9 [ljhashbhhb [lbljctchb

=.9.8 Dl)ch [lral%hd&hghb

(lich hthu suostrht plb`lmhdohghb yhb` icùbhahb ihjhd plbù/chb

olbcg yhctu alrths tcssul dlra (ujtc yhb` icùbhahb ubtua suostrht ihb tcssul

dlra $lssh *hdcjy Bhacbs yhb` icùbhahb sloh`hc sudou crc`hsc.

=.9.? Dlt#)l [lbùfchb $h,h Olral%hd&hg

06



(lteil plbù/chb yhb` icùbhahb yhctu \/c Ichths !lrths '\I!-" ilb`hb

dlb`ùbhahb dl/h3dl/h oha hjudubcud yhb` icsusub phih rha" icdhbh olbcg

icjlthahb phih pjht ahmh ilb`hb hjhs tlricrc ihrc shtu jhpcs tcssul sudou" shtu jhpcs

tcssul hjhs hthu su!strht . &lihbàhb ubtua dlb/h`h aljldohohb olbcg" icolrc

subàup olrolbtua alrumut ilb`hb u/ub` subàup icouht juohb` ubtua hlrhsc.

=.9.= /hjuhsc [lral%hd&hghb

Lhjuhsc !lmhdohg icjhdpcrahb phih Jhdpcrhb +hdohr 8.

=.' [hrhdltlr [lb`hdhthb

[lb`hdhthb icjhauahb tlrghihp ololrhph phrhdltlr chocjcths ihb cèr

olbcg.

8. $71 (lruphahb hatu yhb` icoutugahb ubtua dlbmhphc 715 tethj

plralmhdohghb berdhj. Ilb`hb shtuhb 'ghrc al3-.

0. #chocjcths ierdhb ilb`hb tejea uaur cbtlbscths ierdhbsc yhctu plrslbthsl

olbcg sl`hr ihb olbcg alrhs tciha tudoug ichagcr plb`hdhthb. Ilb`hb

shtuhb '5-.

5811 '

ahbicalmhd!hg yhb` !lbcg

tud!ugtciha yhb` sl`hr !lbcgierdhbsc $btlbscths

∘

∘4

6. #chocjcths [etlbschj ilb`hb tejea uaur Ihyh )lralmhdohg 'I)- yhctu

aldhdpuhb olbcg ubtua olralmhdohg berdhj ihjhd aebicsc eptcdud ihb

ihjhd hatu tlrtlbtu. Ilb`hb shtuhb '5-

5811'5- 08

'ahbicalmhd!hg yhb` Olbcg

berdhj .lmhd!hgberdhj .lmhd!hg /O

∘∘ ∘+

4

09



!rctlrch ihb plb`hdhthb tlrghihp almhdohg berdhj icjhauahb phih ghrc

al > ihb 89 slsuhc ilb`hb sthbihri C&$H.

9. #chocjcths tethj ilb`hb tejea uaur [etlbschj $udoug (hascdud '[$(-

yhctu /udjhg slduh olbcg gciup hthu yhb` dlbub/uaahb `l/hjh gciup

tlrdhsua olbcg ierdhb. Ilb`hb shtuhb '5-

5811 'ahbicalmhd!hg yhb` Olbcg

gciup Olbcg [)

∘∘

4

7. #c`er !lauhthb $udoug '#!$- ilb`hb tejea uaur !lmlphthb $udoug

'! :$- icuaur olrihshrahb /udjhg thdohghb plralmhdohghb sltchp ghrc hthu

ltdhj phih aurub hatu plralmhdohghb ihjhd aebicsc eptcdud. Ilb`hb

shtuhb '5ltdhj-

∘4

4

489

1

t

c

M) i .

!ltlrhb`hb 2 ! :$ @ !lmlphthb tudoug olbcg

t @ !urub hatu plralmhdohghb

i @ $hdohghb prlslbthsl almhdohg berdhj

sltchp ghrc hthu ltdhj

<. #c`er !lauhthb $udoug '#!$- ilb`hb tejea uaur Jh/u [lrtudouahb

!lmhdohg 'J[!-. Ilb`hb shtuhb '`rhd-.

∘4 .;

O..; J[.

!ltlrhb`hb 2 J[! @ Jh/u [lrtudoughb !lmhdohg

)!!B @ )lrht !lrcb` !lmhdohg Berdhj

!B @ !lmhdohg Berdhj

07



C. H!CJ $HB [/DOHH!HB

9.8 [lr%#&hhb [lrthdh btua Dlb`lthguc Flbcs $#rdhbsc [h)h Ylrub`

[hbfhb` hrclths Dusthb`

[lrmeohhb plrthdh icjhauahb `ubh dlbljusurc /lbcs ierdhbsc yhb` tlr/hic

phih #hrclths (usthb`. [lrmeohhb tlrslout icjhauahb phih ololrhph shdpjl olbcg

$lrub` [hb/hb` ubtua dlb`lthguc ierdhbscbyh. [hrhdltlr yhb` ic`ubhahb ihjhd

plb`hdhthb yhctu 2 Ihyh )lralmhdohg" !lmlphthb $udoug" Cbtlbscths Ierdhbsc"

$71" [etlbschj $udoug (hascdud ihb Jh/u [lrtudoughb !lmhdohg.

Yh&lj 8. [lb`hrug [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb $#rdhbsc Ylrgh)h( $O< " >Y< C$<

[YD )hb J[" (h)h [lr%#&hhb [lrthdh

!ltlrhb`hb 2 I) @ Ihyh )lralmhdohg

[lrjhauhb[hrhdltlr [lb`hdhthb 'θ@ 1.17-

I) ! :$ CI [$( J[!

t8- >7.11 o >.>>7>i 7.<=>7m ??.>7h 1.18?>m

t0- ?6.07h 88.>906 o 1.1<07i ??.07h 1.109< o

t6- <9.>7m <.91>>l =.1111 o ??.71h 1.18<6m

t9- ?<.71h 86.87<1h 1.1<07i 811.11h 1.10>=h

t7- ?1.71h ?.><81m 8.7111i 811.11h 1.18==m

t<- ?7.07h 88.7>61 o 1.8071i 811.11h 1.100?m

t>- ??.>7h 86.7??>h 1.1<07i 811.11h 1.10=>h

t=- 76.>7i 7.69<0l 81.<071h 811.11h 1.18?>m

0<



! :$ @ !lmlphthb $udoug

CI @ Cbtlbscths Ierdhbsc

[$( @ [etlbschj $udoug (hascdud

J[! @ Jh/u [lrtudoughb !lmhdohg

- @ [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb ierdhbsc csceje`ca - @ [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb ierdhbsc csca - @ !edocbhsc [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb Ierdhbsc *csca ihb

*csceje`ca - @ !ebtrej hthu $hbph [lrjhauhb

[lb`ùbhhb scdoej guru yhb` shdh hrtcbyh tciha olrolih byhth

9.8.8 [lb`hrug Ol&lrh(h [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb $#rdhbsc Ylrgh)h(

ch&cjcths [#tlbschj )lb`hb Y#j#a aur $h,h Olral%hd&hg 0$O7

&thbihri ihyh olralmhdohg yhb` icrlaedlbihscahb ejlg plrushghhb yhctu

jlocg ihrc shdhilb`hb =>5 slgcb``h ubtua ihyh olralmhdohg plrjhauhb t8" t6

ihb t= tlrdhsua suosthbihri ahrlbh aurhb` ihrc =>5" ghj tlrslout yhb`

dlb`hacohtahb tlr/hicbyh plbù/chb ujhb` ihyh olralmhdohg shdphc ilb`hb

ololrhph ahjc.

Ihyh olralmhdohg ihrc plrjhauhb t0" t9" t7" t< ihb t> dhscg dldlbugc

sthbihri yhb` tljhg ictlthpahb ejlg plrushghhb" icdhbh preslbthsl ihyh

olralmhdohg dhascdhj icmhphc ejlg plrjhauhb t> ilb`hb preslbthsl rhth3rhth

plrjhauhb slolshr ??.>75 hthu ilb`hb ahth jhcb ghbyh shtu oc/c yhb` tciha tudoug

ihjhd sltchp ujhb`hbbyh.

[lbmhphchb preslbthsl ihyh olralmhdohg ubtua slduh plrjhauhb yhb`

dlb`ùbhahb hthu aedocbhsc !B6 dldcjcac preslbthsl ihyh olralmhdohg yhb`

tciha olrolih byhth. )lrihshrahb phrhdltlr Ihyh )lralmhdohg" plrjhauhb t0" t9"

t7" t< ihb t> dldlbugc sthbihri ihb jhyha ubtua ic/hicahb phteahb plrjhauhb

pldhthghb olbcg tlrub` phb/hb` #hrclths (usthb`.

0>



[ldolrchb plrjhauhb !B6 tlrbyhth dldolrcahb ghscj yhb` llatc

ilb`hb plbcbàhthb Ihyh )lralmhdohg olbcg rhth3rhth ihrc alsljurughb

plrjhauhb yhb` dlb`ùbhahb !B6 slolshr 98.65.

9.8.? [lb`hrug Ol&lrh(h [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb $#rdhbsc Ylrgh)h( c`#r

"lauhthb Yud&ug 0"Y7 )lb`hb Y#j#a aur "l%l(hthb Yud&ug Olbcg

0" >Y7

[hih tejea uaur almlphthb tudoug olbcg plrjhauhb csca olbcg t6 tciha

olrplb`hrug byhth tlrghihp !lmlphthb $udoug olbcg. Ghj tlrslout ihpht icjcght

phih tholj 8 ichths" plrjhauhb t6 olrhih phih uruthb suoslt plrthdh tciha olrolih

byhth ilb`hb aebtrej 't=-. [lrjhauhb sahrccahsc dlahbcs ilb`hb dlb`ùbhahb hcr

phbhs phih tlrub` phb/hb` #hrclths (usthb` tciha dldolrcahb lla yhb` byhth"

slgcb``h iu`hhb hhj tlr/hicbyh ierdhbsc csca phih olbcg tlrslout aurhb` tlpht.

[lrjhauhb csceje`ca pldlrhdhb 't8- tlrbyhth dldcjcac plb`hrug

icohbicbàhb ilb`hb plrjhauhb t6 ilb`hb uruthb olrhih phih suoslt al iuh ihb

plbmhphchb $71 phih ghrc al 81 shdh ilb`hb plrjhauhb t7 bhdub olrhih phih

uruthb suoslt al tc`h.

[ldolrchb plrjhauhb csceje`ca ilb`hb pldlrhdhb ihb plbmumchb

icjhauahb ubtua dlb`lthguc hihbyh aebslbthrhsc cbgcocter phih olbcg tlrub`

phb/hb` #hrclths (usthb`. )lrihshrahb ghscj plb`hdhthb ichths plrjhauhb t8 phih

thrh alplrmhyhhb 75 dldolrcahb plb`hrug pesctc tlrghihp pldhthghb

0=



ierdhbsc. Ghj cbc dlb`cbicahscahb phih tlrub` phb/hb` #hrclths (usthb`

tlrihpht cbgcocter plb`ghdoht tudoug ilb`hb preslbthsl yhb` rlbihg.

&ldlbthrh ctu plrjhauhb t< ihb t0 tciha olrolih byhth hrtcbyh plbhdohghb

plrjhauhb t6 phih plrjhauhb t< tciha ohbyha olrplb`hrug tlrghihp plbcb`ahthb

!lmlphthb $udoug . Ghj tlrslout /u`h tlrjcght phih plrohbicb`hb ghscj t9

'aedocbhsc t8" t0- ilb`hb t> 'aedocbhsc t8"t0"t6- icdhbh plbhdohghb plrjhauhb

t6 tciha dldolrcahb lla plbcb`ahthb !lmlphthb $udoug yhb` sc`bccahb.

9.8.= [lb`hrug Ol&lrh(h [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb $#rdhbsc Ylrgh)h(

ch&cjcths [#tlbschj )lb`hb Y#j#a aur Y'3

[lrjhauhb t9 ihb t> plbmhphcb $71 tlr/hic phih ghrc al tu/ug yhb`

dlruphahb plrjhauhb tlrohca olrihshrahb phrhdltlr $71. icsusuj ejlg plrjhauhb t0

ihb t< icdhbh plbmhphchb $71 olrjhb`sub` phih ghrc al =. plrjhauhb t8 ihb t7

plbmhphchb $71 tlr/hic phih ghrc al 81 sltljhg icsecb` ihb tlrhagcr t6 ihb t= yhctu

phih ghrc al 88. +rhca plbmhphcb $71 dhscb` dhscb` plrjhauhb ic`hdohrahb phih

`rhca 0. olrcaut cbc 2

+rhca 0. [lb`hrug [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb Ierdhbsc $lrghihp [lbmhphchb $71

)lbcg $lrub` #hrclths (usthb`.

8 ? = 9 < > 0 7 3 8; 88 8? 8= 89

;

8;

?;

=;

9;

<;

>;

t8 t? t= t9 t< t> t0 t7

Ghrc al -

Almhdohg Berdhj (%)

0?



[lbmhphchb $71 tlrohca ihrc alsljurughb plrjhauhb icmhphc phih plrjhauhb

t9 ihb t> icdhbh plbmhphchb $71 tlrmhphc phih shht gctub`hb ncrst meubt hthu

plb`hdhthb plrthdh.

[lbmhphchb $71 phih shht ncrst meubt dlruphahb cbicahsc hhj tlrohca phih

plralmhdohghb olbcg tlreb` phb/hb` phih ududbyh ihb hahb ic/hicahb sloh`hc

plrjhauhb yhb` hahb icu/c ilb`hb plrmeohhb thghp al iuh.

9.8.9 [lb`hrug Ol&lrh(h [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb $#rdhbsc Ylrgh)h(

ch&cjcths $#rdhb )lb`hb Y#j#a aur Cbtlbscths $#rdhbsc 0C$7

Cbtlbscths ierdhbsc phih plrjhauhb hthu aedocbhsc !B6 dldcjcac

Cbtlbscths Ierdhbsc yhb` rlbihg yhctu phih plrjhauhb t9"t>"t< ihb t0. &ldlbthrh

phih plrjhauhb yhb` tciha dlb``ubhahb !B6 Cbtlbscths ierdhbscbyh muaup

tcb``c olracshr hbthrh 75 shdphc ilb`hb 815 hthu olracshr hbthrh 013905 ihrc

911 outcr olbcg yhb` icalmhdohgahb plr ujhb`hb.

(lburut %cih/htc lt.hj. ihjhd %usebe 0118" dlbyhthahb ohgh !B6

dlruphahb shjhg shtu hater yhb` ihpht dlrhb`shb` plralmhdohghb olbcg" ghj cbc

icslohoahb ahrlbh !B6 olrplrhb ihjhd scbtlsh pretlcb ihb KBH slrth

dlruphahb rliuater ihjhd trhbslr ljlatreb.

(lburut %hbhchg '0116-" !B6 olrguoub`hb ilb`hb hatccths jcbthshb

plbtesh pespht" icdhbh altlrslichhb easc`lb tlrohths dlb`hacohtahb jcbthshb

pesht dlb/hic cbhatc. Ihjhd alhihhb ildcachb hahb dldcmu tlr/hicbyh

plrdlbthsc hbhlreo yhb` mlpht slgcb``h dlbylohoahb olbcg yhb` tljhg cdococsc

dlb/hic dljubha ihb ousua phih olbcg mhol rhct hrclths $hrubh.

61



[hih olbcg tlrub` #hrclths (usthb` olbcg ierdhb tciha dlb`hjhdc

pldousuahb slplrtc ghjbyh phih mhol rhct #hrclths $hrubh" hjhupub jhdh

plbù/chb sljhdh iuh dcb`ù. Ghj cbc icslohoahb mhcrhb ouhg tciha olrscht teasca

slplrtc phih mhcrhb olbcg mhol rhct #hrclths $hrubh yhb` dlb`hbiub` slbyhh

mhpscscb.

9.8.' [lb`hrug Ol&lrh(h [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb $#rdhbsc Ylrgh)h(

ch&cjcths Y#thj )lb`hb Y#j#a aur [#tlbsc Yud&ug Dhascdud

0[YD7

[etlbschj $udoug (hascdud ihrc alsljurughb plrjhauhb dlbub/uaahb

ghscj yhb` tciha olrolih byhth" ilb`hb bcjhc [$( jlocg ihrc ??5 hrtcbyh

algede`lbhb ihrc shdpjl yhb` icu/c ubtua slduh plrjhauhb muaup ohca. Ilb`hb

bcjhc [$( yhb` muaup tcb``c phih olbcg ierdhbsc slplrtc phih hdcjc &ejhbhmlhl

tlrdhsua tlrub` #hrclths (usthb` cbc tcbàht cbgcocter yhb` dubmuj phih olbcg

tlrslout rlbihg.

[hih plbljctchb sloljudbyh yhb` icjhauahb phih hdcjc &ejhbhmlhl yhctu

mhol rhct #hrclths $hrubh [$( yhb` icghscjahb ejlg almhdohg olbcg thbph

plrjhauhb 'aebtrej- ghbyh dlbmhphc rhth3rhth <15 sldlbthrh phih olbcg yhb`

shdh ilb`hb plrjhauhb aedocbhsc t8 ilb`hb t0 hthu plrjhauhb t9 tlrbyhth [$(

ocsh dlbcbàht jlocg tcb``c 615 hthu rhth3rhth plbmhphchb [$( slolshr ?=5.

&lgcb``h icscdpujahb ierdhbsc phih olbcg mhol rhct hrclths thrubh icslohoahb

68



ejlg dubmujbyh cbgcocter sl/lbcs dcbyha htscrc ihb mhcrhb ouhg yhb` olrscht

rhmub oh`c plralmhdohghb.

%hjhupub tcbàht aldhtchb rljhtc shb`ht rlbihg hthu ghdpcr tciha hih

phih plralmhdohghb tlreb` phb/hb` hrclths (usthb` yhb` dlb`hjhdc ierdhbsc"

bhdub ihjhd plralmhdohghb dubmuj aejebc /hdur yhb` dlbylrhb`

plralmhdohghb plrjhauhb t= 'aebtrej-. Ghj cbc icslohoahb aldubàcbhb

aebthdcbhb yhb` tlrohh olbcg. ;lbcs /hdur yhb` dlbylrhb` phih tlrub`

phb/hb` #hrclths (usthb` cbc hihjhg Hsplr`cjjus sp. yhb` dlruphahb /lbcs /hdur

yhb` tlrèjeb` slrhb`hb saubilr phih plralmhdohghb olbcg ihb hatc phih sugu

0830?1 :" ilb`hb mcrc mebcicepgebl tlrolbtua slmhrh olohs u/ub`byh

dlb``ldoub` phih u/ub` cbc tlrjltha pgchjci 'slj pldohh sperh3sperh ilb`hb

u/ub` olrolbtua thoub`- slmhrh jhb`sub` hthu tlrihpht suhtu jhpcshb3jhpcshb slj3

slj plbyhb``h. :ebcich olrhbàhc3rhbàhc ohbyha slahjc ihb alsljurughbbyh

dlruphahb olbtua alphjh yhb` oujht slrcb` ahjc olrhrbh aubcb` almeajhthb

tlrjltha ilb`hb stlrc`dhth prcdlr hthu saubilr.

9.8.* [lb`hrug Ol&lrh(h [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb $#rdhbsc Ylrgh)h( c`#r

"lauhthb Yud&ug 0"Y7 )lb`hb Y#j#a aur Jhfu [lrtud&ughb

"l%hd&hg 0J["7

[ldolrchb plrjhauhb !B6 phih plralmhdohghb olbcg tlrub` #hrclths

(usthb` dldolrcahb plb`hrug yhb` byhth tlrghihp phrhdltlr Jh/u [lrtudoughb

!lmhdohg 'J[!- olbcg slolshr 0=.65 icohbicbàhb ilb`hb rhth3rhth plrjhauhb

thbph !B6. [lrolihhb J[! icslohoahb ahrlbh ilb`hb pldolrchb !B6

dlruphahb sudolr butrcsc oh`c plralmhdohghb slgcb``h plrtudoughbbyh ocsh

60



jlocg ohca ihb jlocg mlpht ihrc almhdohg thbph pldolrchb plrjhauhb !B6.

Butrcsc hthu ahbiub`hb !B6 pre hbhjyst hihjhg sloh`hc olrcaut 2

!hbiub`hb !B6 pre hbhjyst 2

+lghjt 'hmcicdltrcsmg- dcb ??.15

pG3%lrt '75 %hsslr- 7.1 >.7

:gjerci ':j- dh 1.1185

[gespght '[9- dh 1.11175

&ujht '&9- dh 1.1165

&mglrdlthjjl 'hjs [o- dh 1.11175

:h ':hjmcud- dh 1.1185:u '!uplr- dh 1.11185

*l 'Lcslb- dh 1.11165

(` '(h`blscud- dh 1.11875

Bh 'Bhtrcud- dh 1.105

BG9 'Hddebcud- dh 1.1185

[o ')jlc- dh 1.11185

!hjcudceici eciclrlbil Hbtlcjl dh 1.1185

9.8.+ $#rdhbsc 6csc#j#`ca Dlru(hahb 6hat#r thdh [lb,l&h& $#rdhbsc

Olbcg (h)h Olbcg Ylrub` hrclhs Dusthb`.

[lb`hdhthb yhb` ichbhjcscs ilb`hb ololrhph phrhdltlr plb`hdhthb

dlbub/uaahb plrjhauhb !B6 dldolrcahb plb`hrug phjcb` byhth tlrghihp

pldhthghb ierdhbsc olbcg tlrub` #hrclths (usthb`.

[lrjhauhb sahrccahsc csca ilb`hb dlb``ubhahb sugu tcb``c phih olbcg

tlrub` #hrclths (usthb` dldolrcahb lla yhb` aurhb` llatc ahrlbh

dldolrcahb preslbthsl Ihyh )lralmhdohg aurhb` ihrc =>5.

&urhte lt.hj. ihjhd Kuadhbh. '8??9-" dlbyhthahb ohgh plrmeohhb

ilb`hb dldolrcahb sugu 911 : phih olbcg sloljud icalmhdohgahb phih sugu

berdhj 0<1 : dlbub/uaahb plbcb`ahthb plralmhdohghb phih olbcg Hdhrhbtgus

66



sp. ihb Jlumhlbh jlumemlpghjh. &lohjcabyh phih olbcg #yplrud usmglbhujtcc ihb

$dphtclbs h&lbscs icghdoht ejlg pldhbhshb ihb tciha dldolrcahb plb`hrug

byhth tlrghihp plralmhdohghb olbcg [ghslejus pu!lsmlbs ihb H`rlbhtud

meby8ecils.

[lrjhauhb pldlrhdhb ihb plbmumchb olbcg /u`h aurhb` dldolrcahb lla

byhth ihjhd pldlmhghb ierdhbsc olbcg tlrub` #hrclths (usthb` /cah tciha

icaedocbhscahb ilb`hb plrjhauhb !B6.

!B6 tlrurhc dlb/hic Bctrht 'B63- ihb tlrliuasc dlb/hic Bctrct 'B0-.

icdhbh bctrht ihjhd plralmhdohghb olbcg olrtcbiha sltljhg tlrliuasc dlb/hic

bctrct hthu gcireascjhdcb. Bctrht ihjhd plralmhdohghb olbcg olrub`sc sloh`hc

hslpter gcire`lb yhb` dldohbtu presls rlhasc eascihsc BHI[G. Bctrht ihjhd

olbtua bctrct ihb gcireascjhdcb tlrslout dlrhb`shb` plralmhdohghb ilb`hb mhrh

dlb`ghdoht lb,cd ahthjhsl. [lb`ghdohthb tlrslout dlbylohoahb easc`lb tlthp

tlrslich ihjhd olbtua G00 ubtua hatccths plreascihsl yhb` tlrjcoht ihjhd scstld

lb,cd rlhasc escihsc BHI[G. Ghscj rlhasc cbc hihjhg dlb`hatcahb aldohjc

jcbthshb plbtesh esht" slgcb``h presls plralmhdohghb ihpht tlr/hic ilb`hb ohca.

9.? [lr%#&hhb Jhbfuthb btua Dlb%hrc "#bslbtrhsc [lrjhauhb ,hb` Yl(ht

)hb H(jcahtcn.

[lrmeohhb thghp al iuh icjhauahb `ubh dlbmhrc aebslbtrhsc plrjhauhb

yhb` tlpht. [lrmeohhb cbc icjhauahb tlrghihp shdpjl olbcg dc'cb` yhb` shdh

ilb`hb plrmeohhb thghp plrthdh

Ghscj plrmeohhb jhb/uthb icjhauahb phih plrjhauhb t9 hjupub plrjhauhb

t> dldcjcac bcjhc phjcb` tcb``c ihrc slduh plrjhauhb yhb` icu/c meohahb" bhdub

plrjhauhb t9 icbcjhc jlocg hpjcahtc ihrcphih plrjhauhb t>.

69



Yh&lj ?. [lb`hrug [lrjhauhb [ldhthghb $#rdhbsc Ylrgh)h( $O< " >Y< C$<

[YD )hb J[" (h)h [lr%#&hhb "l)uh

!ltlrhb`hb 2 I) @ Ihyh )lralmhdohg

! :$ @ !lmlphthb $udoug

CI @ Cbtlbscths Ierdhbsc

[$( @ [etlbschj $udoug (hascdudJ[! @ Jh/u [lrtudoughb !lmhdohg

[lb``ubhhb scdoej guru yhb` shdh hrtcbyh tciha olrolih byhth

[ldolrchb plrolihhb plrjhauhb !B6 aurhb` ihrc 0 `rhdjctlr tlrbyhth

dldolrcahb plburubhb ! :$ slolshr 85 sldlbthrh plbhdohghb iescs plrjhauhb

jlocg ihrc 0 `rhdjctlr tciha dldolrcahb plb`hrug yhb` sc`bccahb tlrghihp

phrhdltlr plb`hdhthb I)" CI" J[! ihb [$(.

Ihrc ghscj plb`hdhthb icplrejlg ghscj" ldpht phrhdltlr plb`hdhthb tciha

dldolrcahb plrolihhb yhb` sc`bccahb tlrghihp t9 almuhjc phih phrhdltlr

almlphthb tudoug almhdohg. Icdhbh plrjhauhb t9h dldolrcahb plb`hrug yhb`

bl`htc yhctu ilb`hb bcjhc ! :$ 80.6709 5ltdhj olrhih icohhg rhth3rhth

plrjhauhb t9o"t9m ihb t9i yhb` olshr bcjhc rhth3rhthbyh slolshr 86.6 5ltdhj.

[lrjhauhb[hrhdltlr [lb`hdhthb 'θ@ 1.17-

I) ! :$ CI [$( J[! t9h ?9.>7h 80.6709 o 1.7<07h ??.>7h 1.107<>h

t9o ?>.11h 86.0>?<h 1.8071h 811.11h 1.10>01h

t9m ?>.>7h 86.99=0h 1.1<07h 811.11h 1.10>60h

t9i ?=.07h 86.7>10h 1.8071h 811.11h 1.10>6?h

67



. "/!CD[JHB $HB !H_HB

'.8. "lscd(ujhb

Ierdhbsc csca phih olbcg tlrub` phb/hb` #hrclths (usthb` tciha ol`ctu

byhth hthu ghdpcr tciha tlr/hic ierdhbsc csca" hjupub slmhrh csca ahbiub`hb

jc`bcb phih tlsth muaup ohbyha icohbicb`ahb ilb`hb splmcls jhcb ihrc hdcjc

&ejhbhmlhl.

Ierdhbsc olbcg yhb` tlr/hic phih tlrub` phb/hb` #hrclths (usthb` hihjhg

ierdhbsc csceje`ca yhb` icslohoahb ejlg alslcdohb`hb gerdebhj olbcg yhb`

tciha slcdohb`.

$ciha tlr/hic aedocbhsc ierdhbsc csca ihb csceje`ca phih olbcg tlrub`

phb/hb` #hrclths (usthb` icouatcahb ilb`hb tciha hihbyh plb`hrug yhb` byhth

phih plrjhauhb pldhthghb ierdhbsc csca tlrghihp aebtrej ihb plbhdohghb

plrjhauhb pldhthghb ierdhbsc csca phih plrjhauhb aedocbhsc tlrghihp

plrjhauhb pldhthghb ierdhbsc csceje`ca.

6<



[ldlmhghb ierdhbsc yhb` hpjcahtc ubtua plbù/chb chocjcths olbcg ic

tcbàht jhoerhtercud hihjhg plrjhauhb t9. %hjhupub plrjhauhb t> dlruphahb

plrjhauhb tlrtcb``c bcjhcbyh ubtua slduh phrhdltlr" bhdub aurhb` hpjcahtc.

'.?. !hrhb

+ubh dldhbthpahb ghscj plbljctchb cbc plrju icjhauahb plbljctchb jlocg

jhb/ut dcshjbyh ilb`hb plbljctchb plb`hrug plb`ùbhhb plrjhauhb pldhthghb

ierdhbsc tlrghihp plrtudoughb ihb preiuatccths thbhdhb. &ljhcb ctu /u`h plrju

icjhauahb plbljctchb jlocg jhb/uthb ubtua hpjcahsc plblrhphb pldhthghb ierdhbsc

ic tcbàht plthbc ilb`hb plbilahthb dcshjahb plb`ùbhhb :jere ocsh ic`hbtc

ilb`hb &ubmjcb ihb !B6 [re Hbhjyst ilb`hb !B6 $labcs.

$H6YH_ [!YH"H

Hbebydeus"8?=7.$c`h [ujug $hgub [lbljctchb $hbhdhb oht. (hahjhg &ldcbhr.

)hihb [lbljctchb ihb [lb`ldohb`hb [lrthbchb. Ilpt. [lrthbchb. ;hahrth.

8< ghj.

)yri" G.(. 8?=6. [liedhb $labeje`c )lbcg '$lr/ldhghb-. [$. [ldocdocb`

(hsh ;hahrth. ;hahrth. >? ghj

Ljjcs" K.G." $.I. Geb`" hbi L.G.Keolrt.8?=7.Ghbioeea e slli tlmgbeje`y er

`lblohba. [rcbmcpjls hbi (ltgeieje`y 82793<>.C)[+K.Kedh

*ctrch H." 0118. [lb`hrug [lrolihhb $cbàht !ldhshahb" [lrceil Htlrrcplbcb`"

[ldhthghb Ierdhbsc ihb (lich [lralmhdohghb tlrghihp Ierdhbsc

)lbcg $lrub` !epla ']ejhbud dljeb`lbh J- #hrclths Ihihjc. &arcpsc.

;urushb )uicihyh [lrthbchb C[). )eèr

C&$H" 8???. Kujls" Cbtlrbhtcebhj Kujls er &lli $lstcb`. &lli &mclbml hbi

$lmgbeje`y. Cbtlrbhtcebhj &lli $lstcb` Hssemchtceb. Murcmg"

&ct,lrjhbi.0>28<638<9

!ghb. H.H. 8??0. [rlpjhbt pgysceje`cmhj slli mebictcebcb`.p.86838>7. $b %cjly

hbi &ebs Cbm 'li -.Gert.Kl.Bl Oera

(hylr" H.(. hbi H.[.(hyolr.8?=0.$gl +lrdcbhtceb e &llis.[lr`hdeb [rlss.

Bl Oera.8?0 p

6>



(urbchtc" L. 8??7. &tuic )lolrhph *hater [lbyloho Ierdhbsc ihb [lrhbhb (care

r`hbcsdl ihjhd (ldplb`hrugc [resls [ldhthghb Ierdhbsc )lbcg

!ldcrc ' Hjlurctls dejummhbh %CJJI.-.$lscs.[re rhd [hsmh &hr/hbh

C[).)eèr.

Khbijl" %.( hbi &. Gebdhb. 8?=8. Ierdhbmy cb plpplr. &mclbtchl Gertcmujturhl

8928?307

Kuadhbh" K. 8??9. )lrthbhd $lrub`. [lblroct !hbcscus.Oe yhahrth.7< ghj

&utepe" J. 8??0 $labeje`c )lbcg. :#.Kh/hhjc [lrs.;hahrth.09= ghj

\sdhbc/" :.L. 8??1. &tuic Ierdhbsc )lbcg $lrub` !epla ']ejhbud dljeb`lbh

J- ihb olroh`hc mhrh pldhthghbbyh. &arcpsc ;urushb )uicihyh [lrthbchb.

*haujths [lrthbchb. C[).)eèr.<6 ghj

#cjjclrs" $.H. 8?>0. &lli Ierdhbmy.p 00130=0. $b $.$. !e,jesac 'li-. &lli

)ceje`y. #ej CC. Hmhildcm [rlss. Bl Oera

%hbhchg" !. 0116. 0116 $lstcb` Klcl.4uhjcty :ebtrej [reiumtceb. [$ Lhst

%lst &lli Cbieblsch. ;ldolr

%hbhchg" !. ihb )rcthbch" ). 0119. [liedhb Hbhjcsh )lbcg &hyurhb. [lbù/chb

Ihyh )lralmhdohg )lbcg. )uau [hbiuhb Jhoerhtercud 4uhjcty :ebtrej.

[$ Lhst %lst &lli Cbieblsch. [urhahrth.

%usebe" 0118. [lb`hrug (lich [lralmhdohghb )lbcg ihb Llatccths (lteil

[ldhthghb Ierdhbsc phih )lroh`hc \dur [lbycdphbhb )lbcg $lrub`

']ejhbud dljeb`lbh J.- #hrclths $L301. &arcpsc ;urushb )uicihyh

[lrthbchb *haujths [lrthbchb C[). )eèr

6=

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