EG AG PAD IEE IV version 06.19 - Environmental … · None Air Water Land Biodiversity Human Health...
69
1 US Agency for International Development (USAID) / Bangladesh Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)/Domestic NEPA Action and/or Request for Categorical Exclusion Facesheet Program/Project/Activity Data: Activity/Project Title: USAID/Bangladesh Economic Growth and Food Security through Agriculture and Employment Project Solicitation #:[As assigned by contracting office] Contract/Award Number (if known): N/A Geographic Location : Bangladesh Originating Bureau/Office: Bureau for Food Security Supplemental IEE: Yes No Amendment: Yes No Programmatic IEE: Yes No DCN and date of Original document: DCN and ECD link(s) of Amendment(s): Amendment No.: Funding Amount: $250M Life of Project Amount: $250M Implementation Start/End: FY-FY October 1, 2017 – September 31, 2022 Prepared By: Anar Khalil- Senior Advisor and Muhammad Nuruzzaman, EG Office Date Prepared: June 15, 2017 Expiration Date (if any): September 31, 2022 Reporting due dates (if any): N/A Environmental Media and/or Human Health Potentially Impacted (check all that apply): None Air Water Land Biodiversity Human Health Other Recommended Threshold Determination: Negative Determination with conditions Categorical Exclusion Positive Determination Deferral Exemption USG Domestic NEPA action Climate Change: GCC/Adaption GCC/Mitigation Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis (included) Adaptation/Mitigation Measures: Climate Risk Screening Analysis at the PAD level included in the Attachment 1. Asia 17-078
Transcript of EG AG PAD IEE IV version 06.19 - Environmental … · None Air Water Land Biodiversity Human Health...
1
US Agency for International Development (USAID) / Bangladesh Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)/Domestic NEPA Action and/or Request for
Categorical Exclusion Facesheet
Program/Project/Activity Data:
Activity/Project Title: USAID/Bangladesh Economic Growth and Food Security through Agriculture and Employment Project
Solicitation #:[As assigned by contracting office]
Contract/Award Number (if known): N/A Geographic Location : BangladeshOriginating Bureau/Office: Bureau for Food Security
Supplemental IEE: Yes No Amendment: Yes NoProgrammatic IEE: Yes No
DCN and date of Original document:DCN and ECD link(s) of Amendment(s):Amendment No.:
Funding Amount: $250M Life of Project Amount: $250MImplementation Start/End: FY-FY October 1, 2017 – September 31, 2022Prepared By: Anar Khalil- Senior Advisor and Muhammad Nuruzzaman, EG Office Date Prepared: June 15, 2017
Expiration Date (if any): September 31, 2022 Reporting due dates (if any): N/A Environmental Media and/or Human Health Potentially Impacted (check all that apply): None Air Water Land Biodiversity Human Health OtherRecommended Threshold Determination:
Negative Determination with conditions Categorical Exclusion Positive Determination
Deferral Exemption USG Domestic NEPA action
Climate Change: GCC/Adaption GCC/Mitigation Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis (included)
Adaptation/Mitigation Measures: Climate Risk Screening Analysis at the PAD level included in the Attachment 1.
Asia 17-078
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1.0 Background and Activity Description:
1.1 Purpose and Scope of IEE:
This IEE will cover the Activities under the extended and modified Improved FoodSecurity Project Appraisal Document (PAD) currently covered under the MissionIEE, Asia 14 19 as well as the new Economic Growth and Food Security throughAgriculture and Employment Project PAD.
1.2 Background:
The U.S. Government demonstrated its commitment to reducing global povertyand malnutrition through the passing of the Global Food Security Act of 2016(GFSA) and approval of the accompanying 2016 Global Food Security Strategy(GFSS). The GFSS serves as an integrated whole of government strategy, with anoverarching goal to sustainably reduce global hunger, malnutrition, and poverty,with the following objectives: (1) Inclusive and sustainable agriculture ledeconomic growth; (2) Strengthened resilience among people and systems; and,(3) A well nourished population, especially among women and children. The GFSSbuilds on the success of the Feed the Future (FTF) Presidential Initiative, in whichBangladesh has been a focus country since 2010. As a consequence, the Missionhas a well established and highly successful FTF program.
The Project will contribute to the GFSS Results Framework (RF) Goal tosustainably reduce global hunger, malnutrition, and poverty. It will contributedirectly to the RF
Objective 1: Inclusive and sustainable agriculture led economic growth, and thesubsequent Intermediate Results (IRs):
IR 1: Strengthened inclusive agriculture systems that are productive andprofitable;
IR 2: Strengthened and expanded access to markets and trade;
IR 3: Increased employment and entrepreneurship; and,
IR 4: Increased sustainable productivity, particularly through climate smartapproaches.
The Project will also contribute to Objective 2 and 3. The USAID/BangladeshOffice of Population, Health, Nutrition, and Education (PHNE) will contributedirectly to Objective 3 of the GFSS RF “A well nourished population, especiallyamong women and children” through nutrition programming under the Multisectoral Approach to Improving Nutrition PAD.
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Nutrition will be addressed through a multi sectoral approach that integratesfood security; appropriate maternal, infant and young child feeding and carepractices; improved delivery, access to and utilization of essential health andnutrition services; and improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices.Under DO2 IR 2.3: Reduced economic vulnerability of the ultra poor,USAID/Bangladesh’s Food for Peace (FFP) office will contribute to the GFSS RF,particularly Objective 2 “Strengthened resilience among people and systems.”This will be achieved through working with the ultra poor to increase equitableaccess to income and nutritious food and increasing savings and access tofinance.
The purpose the Activities under the extended and modified Improved FoodSecurity Project Appraisal Document (PAD) as well as the new Economic Growthand Food Security through Agriculture and Employment Project PAD, is toimprove food security and reduce poverty through sustainable and inclusiveeconomic growth in Bangladesh. They seeks to promote agricultural sectorgrowth as well as off farm and non agriculture economic opportunities, whichare inclusive of smallholders and the landless, to enable households to liftthemselves out of poverty and reduce their vulnerability to economic shocks.
Development Hypothesis: Promoting agricultural sector growth and off farmeconomic opportunities that are inclusive of smallholders and the landless willenable households to lift themselves out of poverty and reduce their vulnerabilityto economic and climate shocks.
Geographic Focus and Target Beneficiaries:
Efforts will be country wide, specifically in regards to research and policyactivities, but focused primarily on the 21 districts in south central/southwest partof the country, which is the FTF zone of influence. This region includes areas withsome of the highest poverty and malnutrition rates, in addition to coastal areasvulnerable to the effects of climate change. Priority will be given to areas whereactivities can be integrated with ongoing food security projects and other USAIDprograms. In addition, Project activities will primarily target small famers and thefood insecure poor.
2.0 Country Environmental Information:
With recent economic growth averaging over 5 percent, according to theWorld Bank, agriculture has played a key role in reducing Bangladesh’spoverty from 48.9% in 2000 to 31.5% by 2010, with over 87% of rural peopleearning at least part of their income from agricultural activities1. By 2015,
1 World Bank 2016. http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2016/05/17/bangladeshs agriculture a poverty reducer in needof modernization
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UNDP reported that the poverty level in Bangladesh had dropped to 24.8%2.of its population of nearly 160 million and shows promise of meeting severalof its Millennium Development Goals. Nevertheless, the country faces hugechallenges in further reducing poverty, alleviating pressure on naturalresources and in reversing decades of environmental degradation.
Bangladesh suffers from environmental problems of every kind pollution ofair and water and deterioration of the quantity and quality of its naturalresources: soil, water, forests, biodiversity and fisheries. Inadequatemanagement of human use of the environment is impacting human health,causing economic damage and irreversible biodiversity losses. The WorldBank has estimated that economic costs of environmental degradationamount to 4.3 percent of gross domestic product.
Indoor air pollution, from stoves burning dirty fuels, has been flagged as amajor threat to human health but air pollution from vehicles and industries isalso significant. While safe drinking water is now available to 80 percent ofthe population, adequate sanitation is much more limited. Solid wastecollection and disposal is a widespread problem. Ambient water quality isunsatisfactory around major cities and industrial clusters.
Floodplains constitute one of the nation's most valuable natural resources.Fish supply 60 percent of Bangladesh's animal protein consumption and are ofparticular importance to the poor. Capture fisheries have been in decline forsome time, as a result of physical obstructions, overfishing, pollution andinadequate management policies and institutions.
Bangladesh has limited remaining natural forest cover, at about 10 percent ofland area, and almost all of that area is now seriously degraded, as a result ofextreme population pressure for fuel wood and other forest products, as wellas inadequate management. Community forests in the Chittagong Hill Tractsand private forests (homestead lots), however, bring the forest cover up to 35percent of land. There has been a recent expansion in the number of forestprotected areas from 14 to 21, although, as a percentage of land covered, theyare still only 1.6 percent of the nation's territory, one of the lowest rates ofcoverage in the world.
Given that a large area of Bangladesh is at only 10 meter above sea level, it isespecially vulnerable to the possible impacts of sea level rise and the otherexpected impacts of global climate change. A recent UNDP policy studycorroborates Bangladesh's high vulnerability to adverse effects of globalclimate change and projects that extreme events (cyclones, floods, droughts)will become more frequent and/or severe over the coming decades. Impactswill likely be severe on agriculture, moderate on the forest sector, and low to
2 UNDP 2015. http://www.bd.undp.org/content/bangladesh/en/home/library/mdg/mdg progress report 2015.html;http://www.plancomm.gov.bd/wp content/uploads/2015/09/MDGs Bangladeh Progress Report_ PDF_Final_September 2015.pdf
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moderate on inland fisheries. The lack of institutional capacity to addressthese changes is also highlighted by UNDP.
Nevertheless, over the last 35 years, the Government has invested over $10billion to make the country less vulnerable to natural disasters. Theseinvestments (supported by development partners), include programs forflood management, construction of coastal polders, cyclone and floodshelters, raising roads above flood level and installing warning systems.However, addressing climate change adaptation and mitigation will requirescaling up of investments and sound environmental management, includingnatural ecosystems management. This is the purpose of the BangladeshClimate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) (GoB 2009), which setsout six pillars/themes and 64 projects, mainly in the adaptation area.
The USAID Feed the Future program in Bangladesh is integrating climatechange into the FTF activities. For example, the AAPI program is promotingthe use of fertilizer deep placement technology which reduces the amount ofnitrogen fertilizer used by farmers and can have a significant impact on thelevels of nitrous oxide emitted by agriculture. A GCC related component hasbeen added on to that activity to pilot a system of testing the levels ofgreenhouse gas emissions and reductions in those emissions from the use ofthis technology. As a means of adapting to climate change, USAID programsare working to develop various stress tolerant varieties of rice that will bemore resistant to flooding and salinity in the soil. The Mission conducted indepth Climate Risk Screening and Analysis at the PAD level during the projectdesign process (Attachment 1).
2.1 National Environmental Policies and Procedures:
The Government of Bangladesh formulated an Environment Policy in 1992. Theobjectives of Environment Policy are to:
Maintain ecological balance and overall development throughprotection and improvement of the environment;Protect the country against natural disasters;Identify and regulate activities which pollute and degrade theenvironment;Ensure environmentally sound development in all sectors;Ensure sustainable, long term and environmentally sound use of allnational resources; and,Actively remain associated with all international environmentalinitiatives to the maximum possible extent.
The Government of Bangladesh has also adopted a number ofsupplementary policies where environment and development issues havebeen addressed. Important policy documents in this respect are the Forest
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Policy (1994), the Fisheries Policy (1998), the Water Policy (1998), the NewAgriculture Extension Policy (1995), The Energy Policy (1995). Besidesthese sectoral policies, the National Conservation Strategy (NCS) andespecially the National Environment Management Action Plan, 1995(NEMAP) have been formulated to provide action plans to respond toenvironmental issues and promote sustainable development.
The Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act (1995) established theDepartment of Environment (DoE) and signaled a move towards ecosystemapproaches and regulation of developments harmful to those ecosystems,particularly pollution control and mitigation and requirements forEnvironmental Impact Assessments. Under it, the Environmental ProtectionRegulations (1998) cover regulations, compliance and enforcement. The Actincludes provisions for declaring Ecologically Critical Areas (ECAs) to restrictpotentially harmful activities in these areas. Ten such areas have since beendeclared.
The Forest Act of 1927 sets the frame for forest management and vestsconsiderable power in the hands of the Chief Conservator of Forests todetermine the use of forest lands and to penalize illegal users. While allowingfor designating use rights in forest for villages, the act does not give a role toneighboring communities in any decision making, including minoritycommunities that often had use and settlement rights in forest areas or forcivil society in general. The Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) Order of 1973(later amended and gazetted as the Bangladesh Wildlife(Preservation)(Amendment) Act of 1974) is mainly concerned with regulatinghunting but also sets out the scope for declaring protected areas as wildlifesanctuaries or national parks; notably, these are not limited to forests, nor isthe Order limited to Forest Department implementation. New rules formanagement of Protected Areas (PAs) and for social forestry now underdiscussion should go a long way to institutionalizing the concept of comanagement (see below).
The Protection and Conservation of Fish Act, 1950, and related Protectionand Conservation of Fish Rules, 1985, which cover not only fish but alsoamphibians and aquatic reptiles, prohibit fishing by harmful methods,pollution and other activities detrimental to fisheries, and enable declarationof closed seasons and other rules. More recently, the Conservation,Restoration and Filling Control Act of 2003 aims to address problems ofsiltation, encroachment and pollution of surface waters (rivers, canals, beets,floodplains) as well as aquifers.
Bangladesh has ratified a number of international environmentalconventions including: Convention on Biological Diversity, CITIES, Conventionon the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Convention on the
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Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and theirDisposal, Ramsar Convention, UN FCC and others. (Source:http://www.moef.gov.bd/html/protoco/protocol_main.html)
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Agreem
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ired
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enter:
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A,no
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ired.
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ble2Se
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igation
projec
ts.A
ctions
spec
ified
inTa
ble2
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din
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x3to
befollo
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.
18
Bang
lade
shAqu
aculture
Hor
ticulture
for
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nCo
llabo
rativ
eRe
search
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t(Inn
ovationLa
bsRe
search
projec
t)
Implem
enter:
TuftsUnive
rsity
LOP:
2014
2018
LOPBu
dget:
$4.2M
Agr
eemen
t#AID
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1400
012
ThisAc
tivity
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vativ
etech
nologies
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new
strategy
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atingga
rden
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smallholde
rfishpo
nds,so
larp
owered
cool
room
sto
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fres
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getables
,and
fruits,a
swella
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imne
ydrye
rsfors
olar
drying
offis
h,ve
getables
andfruits)t
hath
avepo
tentialfor
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orde
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ofco
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trition
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ughho
rticulture
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lture
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effect
Use
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lefood
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rity
tech
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nmen
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Thisac
tivity
isco
veredby
IEEon
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ture
Inno
vatio
nLa
bin
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nrequ
ired.
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Implem
enter:
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ldFish
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LOP:
2017
2022
LOPBu
dget:
$25M
Agreem
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andnu
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illfollo
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Grant
toWor
ldFish
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TA–no
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xcep
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extent
such
prog
ramsinclud
eac
tivities
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chas
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dpo
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ies
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Thisac
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oto
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evelop
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19
mod
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edfis
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tions
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ble2Se
ction3
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13Dec
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LOPBu
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andup
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rural
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rene
eded
.Farm
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men
tof
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ifsp
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ecified
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ctor
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LOP:
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Theob
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streng
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).In
partne
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tivity
willprov
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pacity
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Esin
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chas
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lityman
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rodu
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eneral
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cess
Contract
TA–no
effect,e
xcep
ttothe
extent
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prog
ramsinclud
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tivities
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enviro
nmen
t(su
chas
cons
truc
tion,
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use,
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rvices
onpe
sticides
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gtraining
san
dpo
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velopm
ents
uppo
rt,e
tc.)
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A,no
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nrequ
ired.
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20
tofin
ance
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enter:
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dget:$5M
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D
Thisprojec
twillwor
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drese
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and
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rtation
andtech
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tran
sfer,g
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etesting,
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andap
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,egg
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dde
liveryof
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icse
edsto
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Coop
era
tive
Agreem
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Potentialfor
adve
rseeffect
for
adap
tiverese
arch
and
dissem
inationof
tran
sgen
iccrop
varie
ties,ifce
rtainmitiga
tion
mea
suresareno
tfollowed
.
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dapt
iverese
arch
and
dissem
ination.
Actio
nssp
ecified
inTa
ble2Se
ction3to
befollo
wed
.
CGIARPo
oled
Fund
s
Implem
enter:
TBD
LOP:
TBD
LOPBu
dget:
$7.5M
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eemen
t#TB
D
Thepu
rpos
eof
thisac
tivity
isto
prov
ide
rese
arch
supp
ortt
oGOB.
Agric
ulturalres
earchan
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(R&D)s
uppo
rt,u
nder
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tivity
,aim
sto
enha
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ienc
yan
deffectiven
essof
thena
tiona
lagriculturalres
earchsystem
intheiro
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chas
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ent
ofhigh
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andstress
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ties;ad
aptiv
etech
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testingof
crop
san
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riculturalm
echa
niza
tion,
and
also
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erging
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chas
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atBlast,Tu
taAb
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strativ
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earchsystem
Dev
elop
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ingtech
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to
Grant
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extent
such
prog
ramsinclud
eac
tivities
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rvices
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Proc
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Adap
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.
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ble2
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befollo
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.
21
increa
seprod
uctiv
ityRe
search
inon
farm
appliedan
dad
aptiv
erese
arch
,inc
luding
marke
ting,
socio
econ
omicas
pectsan
dva
luead
ditio
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aptiv
etrialsto
test
andrefin
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duratio
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odto
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e,salin
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new
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s,introd
uctio
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new
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minor
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erate
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stem
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forH
ortic
ulture
&Fruits;N
onfo
odcrop
s
Implem
enter:
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LOP:
2018
2022
LOPBu
dget:
$24.5M
Agr
eemen
t#TB
D
Thego
alof
thisAc
tivity
isto
improv
elong
term
food
secu
rityin
theSo
uthe
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nglade
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ctivity
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prov
eprod
uctio
nof
ruralfarmers,
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ain
inno
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nsan
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sure
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ughprivatese
ctor
enga
gemen
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have
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wingtw
omain
compo
nents/focu
s:Co
mpo
nent
I:Hor
ticulture
&Fruit;Co
mpo
nent
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Food
(Jute&Flow
er).To
achiev
eits
objectives
theAc
tivity
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kac
ross
the
valuech
ainin
theab
ovem
entio
nedcrop
sinclud
ingmarke
ts(m
illing,
proc
essing
,etc.)
prod
uctio
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ts(see
ds,fertilizers,crop
prot
ectio
nprod
ucts
(CPP
)),service
s(m
echa
niza
tion,
extens
ion,
finan
ce)a
swell
aspo
stha
rves
than
dling(sto
rage
and
drying
).
Contract
TA–no
effect,e
xcep
ttothe
extent
such
prog
ramsinclud
eac
tivities
directly
affectingthe
enviro
nmen
t(su
chas
cons
truc
tion,
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pesticide
use,
adviso
ryse
rvices
onpe
sticides
durin
gtraining
san
dpo
licyde
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ents
uppo
rt,e
tc.)
Smallg
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potentialfor
minor
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erateeffect
ifno
tCE.
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ired.
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ble2Se
ction3
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Highe
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catio
nCa
pacity
Build
ing
Implem
enter:
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LOP:
2019
2023
LOPBu
dget:
Thisac
tivity
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ppor
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training
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ram
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anglad
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ricultural
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ent,testingan
dev
alua
tionof
new
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ing.
TheAc
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willad
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ethe
Grant
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CEforT
A,no
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ired.
22
$6.25M
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eemen
t#TB
Dtran
sfer
ofne
wag
riculturalres
earch
tech
nology
,enc
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borativ
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toim
prov
eag
ricultural
prod
uctiv
ity,b
uild
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man
reso
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sca
pacity
ofse
lected
rese
arch
institu
tions
/unive
rsities
,and
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ortt
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prov
ethequ
ality
ofed
ucationin
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stoc
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Gen
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Implem
enter:
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LOP:
2020
2025
LOPBu
dget:
$10M
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t#TB
D
ThisAc
tivity
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wor
king
toim
prov
eprod
uctio
nof
ruralfarmers,increa
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inco
me,
inve
stin
Live
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value
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vatio
nsan
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prov
eca
pacity
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lorgan
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sure
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ughprivatese
ctor
enga
gemen
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tivity
willim
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mes
andutiliza
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lives
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thro
ughincrea
sedliv
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ckprod
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ityby
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isionof
tech
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thecu
ltiva
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high
yielding
spec
iesof
pasturecrop
san
d,in
improv
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esto
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agem
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ractices
and
tech
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;improv
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cess
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gien
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iverse
andqu
ality
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lting
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Agreem
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Noeffect
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ipmen
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ifica
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lerant,flood
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andpe
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Catego
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ition
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Agr
icultural
Polic
ySu
ppor
tActivity
NEW
Implem
enter:
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2018
2022
LOPBu
dget:
$10M
TheAg
riculturalP
olicyan
dCa
pacity
Build
ingAc
tivity
aim
isto
introd
uce
improv
edinstitu
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land
policy
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emen
tsfort
hesu
staina
blean
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ient
man
agem
ent,de
liveryof
public
agric
ulturalservice
sto
improv
ethefood
secu
rityen
ablin
gen
viro
nmen
tand
private
sector
inve
stmen
tintoAg
riculture
toac
hiev
efood
secu
rityin
Bang
lade
sh.
Coop
era
tive
Agreem
ent
TA–no
effect
CEforT
A,no
actio
nrequ
ired.
23
Agr
eemen
t#TB
DTh
esewillbe
acco
mplishe
dthro
ughthe
follo
wingillus
trativeinterven
tions
:1.P
olicy
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ulationan
dIm
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entatio
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ethepo
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essof
eviden
ceba
sedde
cision
mak
ingrelatedto
agric
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evelop
men
tand
food
secu
rity.
2.Po
licyRe
search
toincrea
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availabilityof
rigorou
spo
licyan
alysisfor
eviden
ceba
sedpo
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aking.
3.Po
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Advo
cacy
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ppor
tthe
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the
privatese
ctor
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ecivilsoc
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rivate
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ciations
,and
med
ia)inthepu
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licy
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ess.
Agr
icultural
Marke
tSystems
forR
ice&
Cereals;Oilse
eds
&Le
gumes
Implem
enter:
TBD
LOP:
2021
2026
LOPBu
dget:
$24.5M
Agr
eemen
t#TB
D
ThisAc
tivity
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king
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&Ce
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willwor
kac
ross
theva
luech
ainin
the
abov
emen
tione
dcrop
sinclud
ingmarke
ts(m
illing,
proc
essing
,etc.)prod
uctio
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ts(see
ds,fertilizers,crop
prot
ectio
nprod
ucts
(CPP
)),service
s(m
echa
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tion,
extens
ion,
finan
ce)a
swella
spo
stha
rves
than
dling
(sto
rage
anddrying
).
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TA–no
effect,e
xcep
ttothe
extent
such
prog
ramsinclud
eac
tivities
directly
affectingthe
enviro
nmen
t(su
chas
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demoof
pesticide
use,
adviso
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rvices
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erateeffect
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rantsifno
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ble2Se
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follo
wed
.
24
Enha
nced
Trad
ean
dBu
sine
ssEn
ablin
gEn
viro
nmen
t
Implem
enter:
TBD
LOP:
TBD
LOPBu
dget:
$10.4M
Agr
eemen
t#TB
D
Theob
jectiveof
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isto
redu
cepo
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regu
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ndproc
edural
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that
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eign
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stmen
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titiven
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ceto
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ntarif
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rriers
totrad
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confor
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asse
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tidu
mping
and
coun
tervailin
gdu
ties;ch
arge
s,taxe
s,an
dpa
ratariffs;a
ndrulesof
origin.As
part
ofits
effortsto
addres
sco
nfor
mity
asse
ssmen
treq
uiremen
ts,the
activ
itywill
wor
kwith
theBa
nglade
shStan
dardsan
dTe
stingInstitu
tionan
dprivatese
ctor
partne
rsto
streng
then
existin
gstan
dards
andmod
ernize
theeq
uipm
ent,proc
edures
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dskillsof
prod
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estin
gan
dce
rtify
ing
labo
rato
ries.
TBD
TA–no
effect,e
xcep
ttothe
extent
such
prog
ramsinclud
eac
tivities
directly
affectsthe
enviro
nmen
t(su
chas
cons
truc
tion,
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pesticide
use,
adviso
ryse
rvices
onpe
sticides
durin
gtraining
san
dpo
licyde
velopm
ents
uppo
rt,e
tc.)
CEforT
A,no
actio
nrequ
ired.
Feed
theFu
ture
Bang
lade
shNutritio
nActivity
Implem
enter:
TBD
LOP:
2017
2022
LOPBu
dget:
$24.4M
Agr
eemen
t#TB
D
Thisac
tivity
willfocu
son
prov
iding
nutrition
almes
saging
thro
ughge
neratio
nal
chan
nelsto
enha
nceruralcom
mun
itypo
pulatio
nhe
alth
thro
ughtheus
eof
approp
riate
food
/agriculture
base
dac
tivities
.Activities
willinclud
eeffective
food
base
dnu
trition
capa
city
build
ingan
dde
mon
stratin
gGoo
dAg
riculture
Prac
tices
thro
ughtraining
andtech
nica
lassistanc
e.In
additio
n,go
odhy
gien
eprac
tices
willbe
enco
urag
edthroug
hde
mon
stratio
nan
dinco
rpor
ationinto
daily
family
prac
tices
.
Coop
era
tive
Agreem
ent
CEthisac
tivity
willprov
ided
tech
nica
lassistanc
ean
dwillha
veno
tneg
ativeim
pact
onthe
enviro
nmen
texc
eptt
otheex
tent
such
prog
ramsinclud
eac
tivities
directly
affectingtheen
viro
nmen
t(suc
has
cons
truc
tion,
demon
stratio
nof
pesticideus
e,ad
viso
ryse
rvices
onpe
sticides
durin
gtraining
san
dpo
licy
deve
lopm
ents
uppo
rt,e
tc.)
Smallg
rants
potentialfor
minor
tomod
erateeffect
ifno
tCE.
CEforT
A,no
actio
nrequ
ired.
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mallg
rantsifno
tCE.
Actio
nssp
ecified
inTa
ble2Se
ction3
tobe
follo
wed
25
26
4.0 Recommended Threshold Decisions and Mitigation Actions:
Many of the interventions under the Economic Growth and Food Security through Agricultureand Employment Project PAD are technical assistance in nature and, therefore, will impart nonegative impact on the physical or natural environment. These TA activities thus qualify for aCategorical Exclusion (CE) per 22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(i) as “education, technical assistance, ortraining programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting theenvironment”, 22 CFR 216.2 (c) (2)(iii) as “analyses, studies, academic or research workshopsand meetings”, and 22 CFR 216.2 (c)(2)(v) as “document and information transfers”. If indoubt whether the activity falls under the CE category, the MEO shall be consulted.
Procurement of computers and other electric and electronic equipment, and materials underall program tasks fall under Negative Determination with Conditions. The proposed action isthat the implementer should provide evidence that equipment and materials are procuredfrom certified retailers; environmental safety and quality certificates conforming withnational and/or international standards are available; equipment and materials are used in anenvironmentally sound and safe manner, properly disposed of, when applicable, at the endof their useful life in a manner consistent with best management practices according to USG,European Union or equivalent standards.
A threshold decision of Negative Determination with Conditions pursuant to 22 CFR 216.3 (a)(2) (iii) is recommended for several Economic Growth and Food Security through Agricultureand Employment Project PAD activities, particularly with respect to adaptive trials andintroduction of new varieties, purchasing seeds, small scale infrastructure and irrigationprojects and others noted in Table 1 that may have negative impact on environment unlessdue diligence is followed.
A summary of all current and proposed activities in this Project can be found in Table 2,below. Evaluation of potential environmental impacts and actions required as a result ofthese activities is summarized in Table 2 below:
27
TABLE 2:
Sec. Activities Effect on Natural or Physical
Environment
Threshold Decisions andrequired Reg. 216 actions
I All Program activities expected to have no effecton the natural or physical environment
This includes: education, technical assistance,training programs except to the extent suchprograms include activities directly affecting theenvironment (such as construction, demo ofpesticide use, advisory services on pesticides duringtrainings and policy development support, etc.)consultations, participant training, documenttransfers and information dissemination, analysis,studies, conferences workshops, study tours,curriculum development, working with trainingprograms, developing information networks.
Examples of activities include:
Training of extension agents and farmers; TA to fishprocessors; TA to support seed multiplication andfarmer access to improved seeds; Trainings,seminars and study tours, to help establish anetwork of agricultural input; TA to create retailersassociation; TA to agricultural input wholesalers toupgrade the service; Training and capacity buildingof local agribusinesses; Strengthening mediareporting capacity etc.
No effect
Categorical Exclusion (CE)
No actions required. If in doubtwhether the activity falls underthe CE category, please consultthe MEO.
28
II All activities regarding which no significantadverse effects are expected
No special mitigation measures are needed;activities are implemented with conditions thatnormal good practices, engineering methods andstandard instructions are followed.
This includes procurement of office furniture,electric and electronic equipment and materials (nobio hazardous or low radiological materials will beused for testing in this equipment).
Examples include: laboratories equipment upgrade,procurement of computers and other electric andelectronic equipment and materials under allproject tasks.
Insignificant
Negative Determination withConditions (NDC)
The implementer is required toensure that equipment,commodities (also see ADS 312)and materials are procured fromcertified retailers; environmentalsafety and quality certificatesconforming with national and/orinternational standards areavailable; equipment andmaterials are used in anenvironmentally sound and safemanner, properly disposed of,when applicable, at the end oftheir useful life in a mannerconsistent GOB legislation and intheir absence with bestmanagement practices accordingto USG, European Union orequivalent standards acceptableto USAID.
III Activities that normally do not have a significanteffect on the environment if special mitigationmeasures are specified to prevent unintendedimpact
The activities in this category include:
adaptive trails to test and refine new seed varietiesof wheat, maize, vegetables and fish; Multiplicationand dissemination of improved seeds; Promotion ofuse and production of FDP applicators; Introduceand intensify improved fish farming technology andmanagement practices; Introduction of new highyield varieties for adaptive trails; Multiplication anddissemination of improved seeds; Multiplicationand dissemination of pest resistant varieties; Linkinput wholesalers with adaptive research activitiesand help them commercialize tested and approvedquality inputs and practices for large scale adoption
Minor tomoderateeffect
Negative Determination withConditions (NDC)
EDD in form of EnvironmentalReview and Assessment Checklist(IEE Annex 1) is required toidentify environmental effects,and develop EnvironmentalManual and Mitigation andMonitoring Plans whenapplicable. If significant adverseeffects are expected, a ScopingStatement (SS) andEnvironmental Assessment (EA)(including PERSUAP) shall beconducted by the implementerprior to start of activities.SOW/Terms of Reference (TOR)
29
on a commercial basis; small scaleconstruction/rehabilitation, and other.
for Scoping Statement and EAReport (including PERSUAP ifapplicable) must be reviewed byMission Environmental Officer(MEO) and approved by AsiaBEO.
5. Climate Risk Management Summary
The climate risk management (CRM) process helps to assess and addressing climate related risksassociated with Economic Growth and Food Security Project. The CRM process followed sixdifferent steps: anticipated project element, climate risks, climate risk rating, opportunities, riskmanagement options and next steps. The anticipated project elements include purpose/subpurpose, areas of focus, or activities/mechanisms that need to be screened. The climate riskprofile describes climate stressors and the major types of risks that climate change poses to theFeed the Future Zone/south western Bangladesh. Climatic risk rating is done based oncharacterization of climate risk; assign a qualitative risk rating for each climate risk: low,moderate, or high. The level of risk increases both as the severity of negative impact increasesand as the probability of negative impact increases. This risk management options depends onthe degree of climate risk or rating. There is no action required to manage low climate risks.However, moderate to high climate risks management options have been addressed in thesummary table (table 3) based on the risk rating and available resources to address those risksduring project or activity design and implementation. The next steps are a set of actions to betaken after finishing the project design. It may include further analysis to be conducted prior toactivity design or incorporation of detail risk management options in the project.
30
TABLE 3: Project Level Climate Risk Management in FTF Zone of Influence a Summary Table
Defined orAnticipatedProjectElements
Climate Risks Climate RiskRating[High,Moderate,or Low]
Opportunities Climate RiskManagement Options
Next Steps forActivityDesign/Implementation
Livestock[cattle(especiallydairy)Productivitythroughbreeding/artificial insemination,bettermanagement(feed/health),market access,and increaseddomestic/homeutilization]
Salinity:Increased salinity due to sea levelrise and storm surges damagesfodder and can reduce freshwateravailability for livestock drinkingand cleaning.Increased salinity may reducegrazing area for livestock, leadingto weight loss and less milkproduction.May change the speciescomposition of the grassland andaffect the digestibility andnutritional quality of forage
High Diversification awayfrom livestockInvest in other value
chains to increasenon farm employment(e.g., post harvestprocessing of othercrops)
Investment in improvedlivestock management deliveryand information systemsPromotion of saline tolerant
crop varieties that are palatableto cowsDisseminate information on
risks of salinity to farmersRelocate animals from affected
areas
Follow on activities willinclude an assessmentof the suitability oflivestock species totarget areas andpotential climate risksthat could impactproductivity.Interventions will betailored to farmerneeds, ecologicalconditions, marketpotential, and nutritionand climate suitability.
Heat Stress:Reductions in fertility, milkproduction, animal feeding andgrowth rates due to highertemperatures and prolongedexposure to heat stress.
Moderate Introduce climate resilientfodder cropsDevelop and promote low costshelter to protect livestock fromexcessive heat exposureEnsure training on veterinarycare reaches women to createnew livelihood opportunities
Flooding:More intense and frequentflooding kills livestock, damagegrazeland and infrastructure forlivestock. Losses of assets makehouseholds more vulnerable.
High Promote flood tolerant forageor replacement feed in case offloodInvest in flood infrastructure atcommunity level (drainage andlevees)Early warning system on floods
ensuring both men and womenare reachedRelocate livestock from flood
prone areas, invest in programsto purchase livestock in case offloodSocial protection programs torestock or rebuild assets afterflooding
Parasites and diseases:Increased prevalence of parasitesand diseases that affect livestockdue to changing climate conditionsChanges in temperature andrainfall may affect distribution andabundance of disease vectors suchas ticks, flies, mosquitoes, tsetseOn the other hand, pathogenssensitive to high temperaturesmay decrease as climate getswarmer
Moderate Improved veterinary care atreduced cost; consider traininglocal community veterinaryworkers to disseminateinformation, ensuring womenand marginalized groups arereachedStrengthen animal diseasesurveillance facilities
Precipitation:Shifts in the distribution and
Moderate Promotion of safe rainwaterharvesting and storage that is
31
change in the pattern ofprecipitation affect wateravailability for livestock drinking,cleaning and fodder
affordable and meets men andwomen's preferences; can drawon local practices (e.g. buriedearthenware pots)
Wheat
[Increasedproductivity(through bettervarieties/seeds,extension, IPM),market access,valueaddition/agroprocessing/storage, access tofinance]
Heat stress due to increasedtemperature:• Shorten developmental phasesand reduce light perception overthe shortened life cycle• Perturb the processes associatedwith carbon assimilation(transpiration, photosynthesis andrespiration)• 15 percent decrease in yieldbetween 2010 and 2050
Moderate
Diversification out ofwheat
Other crops haveproven to resistsalinity, such as Indianspinach, sweet gourd,okra and Kangkong,and they present anopportunity toimprove householdnutrition and allowwomen to participatefully even in theabsence of men whomay have outmigrated.
Invest in other valuechains to increasenon farm employment(eg, post harvestprocessing of othercrops)
ICTs to disseminateinformation andrecommendations aboutshifting planting dates or evenswitching cropsDevelop and promote heatstress tolerant varietiesBrodening genetic base and
enhancing genetic variability(early maturing, highyielding, and heat tolerantwheat lines developed in othercountries can adapt to thediverse heat stressed areasof Bangladesh)
Incorporate mitigationactions into activitydevelopment andmonitorimplementation
Shifts in the distribution andchange in the pattern ofprecipitation:• stunted ripening of kernels• reduce yields
Moderate
ICTs to disseminateinformation andrecommendations aboutshifting planting dates or evenswitching cropsImprove on methods and type
of information provided tofarmers to optimize accessquality seeds, balance nutrientinputs and soil fertilityconservation practices
Increased salinity due to sea levelrise and storm surge:• Impose ion toxicity, osmoticstress, nutrient (N, Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn)deficiency and oxidative stress onplants• Disturb photosynthesis mainlythrough a reduction in leaf area,chlorophyll content and stomatalconductance.• Growth and yields are affectedwhen irrigated with saline water. A1 percent increase in salinity isestimated to reduce wheatproduction by 0.233 kg per acre.
High
Promote soil fertilityconservation and sustainableintensification to mitigate theeffects of salinity and loss of soilfertility due to excessivechemical inputs.Invest in flood protection anddrainage; mobilize communitiesand provide resources tomaintain polders and sluicegates.Facilitate mediation betweenshrimp producers and farmerswho prefer salt vs. freshwater.
Increased biotic risk:Heat and humidity provides idealconditions for wheat blast todevelop. High temperature andhumid conditions will only increasewith climate change making cropsmore susceptible to such type ofdiseases. The probability of anintense wheat blast epidemic, asseen in February 2016 with 16% ofcultivated wheat area affected andhigh losses (Islam et al 2016), islikely to increase.A rise in temperature can increasethe severity of Bipolaris leaf blightand other wheat diseases as warmand humid climate favors the
HighPromote adequate storage and
training in post harvestprocessingBroadening genetic base and
enhancing genetic variabilityDevelop alternative and proper
crop rotations
32
development and spread of thepathogen. With changing climate,yield loss due to spot blotch is alsoexpected to increase.
Maize
[Increasedproductivity(through bettervarieties/seeds,extension, IPM),market access,valueaddition/agroprocessing/storage, access tofinance]
Heat stress due to increasedtemperature:• Shorten developmental phasesand reduce light perception overthe shortened life cycle• Perturb the processes associatedwith carbon assimilation(transpiration, photosynthesis andrespiration)• yield reduction
Moderate Given a growingdomestic poultrymarket and shifts inconsumeracceptability towardseating maize, privatesector resourcesinvested to developmaize supply chainscould be leveraged.Expanding maizeproduction presentsan opportunity forenhancing farmerincome after a ricerotation, provided thatfarmers of differentwealth groups are ableto access the land,water, seed, andchemical inputrequirements forproduction, as well astechnical know howfor production, postharvest processing,and marketing.Market linkagesbetween fish andpoultry smallholdersand maize producerscould be strengthenedto support vulnerablesmallholders'diversification.Expand wage labormarket in maizeproduction, promotingwomen's participationin labor market(ensuring safety,shifting gendernorms)"
ICTs to disseminateinformation andrecommendations aboutshifting planting dates or evenswitching cropsDevelop and promote heatstress tolerant varietiesBrodening genetic base and
enhancing genetic variability
The Project will monitorthe impacts of theidentified climate riskson the viability of maizeas one of several cropswithin the rice basedproduction systems
Shifts in the distribution andchange in the pattern ofprecipitation:• stunted ripening of kernels• yield reduction
Moderate ICTs to disseminateinformation andrecommendations aboutshifting planting dates or evenswitching cropsImprove on methods and type
of information provided tofarmers to optimize accessquality seeds, balance nutrientinputs and soil fertilityconservation practices
Increased salinity due to sea levelrise and storm surge• Impose ion toxicity, osmoticstress, nutrient (N, Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn)deficiency and oxidative stress onplants• Disturb photosynthesis mainlythrough a reduction in leaf area,chlorophyll content and stomatalconductance.• Salt stress cause significantreduction in growth and yieldmaize cultivars (BARI HybridMaize 5 and Hybrid Maize Pacific987).• Salinity decreased reproductivegrowth, chlorophyll content andK+ /Na+ ratio in both maizecultivars• Affects the metabolism of soilorganisms, leading to severelyreduced soil fertility• Irrigating crops w/water qualities>4 ppt will result in a 25%reduction in dry season crop yield.Water quality above 5 ppt, willreduce farm productivity as amuch as 50%,• Salinization of surface waterwhich households rely on forirrigation, reduces growing seasonand resilience.
Moderate
Promote soil fertilityconservation and sustainableintensification to mitigate theeffects of salinity and loss of soilfertility due to excessivechemical inputs.Invest in flood protectio nanddrainage; mobilize communitiesand provide resources tomaintain polders and sluicegates.Facilitate mediation betweenshrimp producers and farmerswho prefer salt vs. freshwater
33
Increased biotic risk:Increase incidence of diseasesassociated with many maizepathogens.Increased warming and droughtincidences will favor insectproliferation and herbivory, thiswill likely increase the incidenceand severity of insect relateddamages as well as aflatoxin andfumonisin mycotoxins in maize.
Moderate
Broadening genetic base andenhancing genetic variabilityDevelop alternative and proper
crop rotations
Rice[Increasedproductivity(through bettervarieties/seeds,extension, IPM),market access,valueaddition/agroprocessing/storage, access tofinance]
Increased salinity due to sea levelrise and storm surge:• Imposes ion toxicity, osmoticstress, nutrient deficiency andoxidative stress on plants• Disturbs photosynthesis mainlythrough a reduction in leaf area,chlorophyll content and stomatalconductance.• Affects the metabolism of soilorganisms, leading to severelyreduced soil fertility• Salinization of surface, reducesgrowing season and resilience.• High chemical fertilizer use isrequired for high yielding ricevarieties and is increasingly usedto mitigate salinity. Leading toreduced soil quality and fertility,intensifying the effects of salinity.
High Diversification out ofricePromote integrated
farming systems (e.g.rice fish system, croprotation)Invest in other value
chains to increasenon farm employment(eg, post harvestprocessing of othercrops)Bangladesh ForestDepartment ispromoting socialafforestation, which isproviding some jobopportunities.Homestead foodproduction and fishingcan be promoted asalternative sources ofincome.Low cost materials
are generally availableto mitigate soil salinityand increase soilwater holdingcapacity. Organicmatter (e.g. mulchingwith rice straw andcoconut coir) is free ofcost and can be usedto increase waterretention of the soil,but requires additionaltime. Somehouseholds use lime,available in localmarkets at a low cost.Other crops have
proven to resistsalinity, such as Indianspinach, sweet gourd,okra and Kangkong,and they present anopportunity toimprove householdnutrition and allowwomen to participate
Investment in stress tolerantrice varieties and deliverysystemsPromotion of saline tolerant
rice varietiesExplore potential of ICT to
disseminate information onrisks of salinity on agricultureand health to farmersTrain women on climate
adaption related to rice in orderto mobilize their networks,possibly building on existingdisaster risk managementnetworks and institutionsInclude women in participatory
varietal selection to incorporatepreferences related to cookingtime, and to maximize nutritionSupport diversification away
from rice with training onagricultural practices and seedsfor other crops
Incorporate mitigationactions into activitydevelopment
Heat stress due to increasedtemperature• Shortens developmental phasesand reduce light perception overthe shortened life cycle• Perturbs the processesassociated with carbonassimilation (transpiration,photosynthesis and respiration)
High ICTs to disseminateinformation andrecommendations aboutshifting planting dates or evenswitching cropsPromote heat tolerant ricevarieties
More intense/frequentflooding/waterlogging• Causes oxygen deprivation thataffects cell division, growth andthe uptake and transport ofnutrients and water uptake.•Total damage of rice filed due toflash flood•Fresh water contamination• Riverbank erosion and loss ofarable land•Many households do not havefinancial resources to safeguard
High Promote flood tolerant ricevarietiesInvest in flood protection anddrainage at community level(embankments, polders, sluicegates, etc).Facilitate mediation betweenshrimp producers and farmerswho prefer salt vs. freshwaterEarly warning system on floods
ensuring both men and womenare reachedPromote adequate storage and
34
their houses (e.g. elevatefoundations)
fully even in theabsence of men whomay haveoutmigrated.However, these cropsare new to this region,so seed distributionand training would benecessary to promoteuptake.
post harvest processing (e.g.IRRI Super Bags and paintedearthenware pots to storeseeds)
Shifts in the distribution andchange in the pattern ofprecipitation• Stunted ripening of rice kernels• Loss of household irrigationoptions (e.g. ponds) due tosalinization constrain households'abilities to adapt to irregularrainfall
High Consider supplementalirrigation but manage risks ofincreasing salinity. In addition,diesel pumps will contribute tocarbon emissions considerother options (e.g. solar)Information about rainfall andshifting planting dates ensuringboth men and women recievethis informationPromotion of safe rainwaterharvesting that meets men andwomen's preferences
Horticulture(focused onfood itemvegetable/fruit)[Increasedproductivity(throughvarietaldevelopment,quality inputs,extensionservices etc.),post harvestactivities,market access]
Increased salinity due to sea levelrise and storm surge:• Reduces seed germination rate,lengthens the germination period.• Affects plant physiology andgrowth. For example, highersodium ion (Na+) concentrations inroot or shoot increase the osmoticpotential and decrease the wateruptake of tomato plant.• Distracts photosynthesis mainlythrough a reduction in leaf area,chlorophyll content and stomatalconductance.• Affects soil microbes’functionality and thus restrict soilaeration and water holdingcapacity and ultimately decline soilfertility
High Diversification of farmand non farmactivitiesPromote integrated
farming systems (e.g.dyke cultivation onfish pond)Invest in other value
chains to increasefarm and non farmemployment (e.g.mechanization, postharvest processing ofother crops, lightengineering)Homestead food and
handicrafts productioncan be promoted asalternative sources ofincome.
Investment in stress tolerantvariety development anddelivery systemsPromotion of saline tolerant
varietiesMapping out saline zone and
select appropriate cropsaccordinglyExplore potential of ICT to
disseminate information onrisks of salinity on agricultureand health to farmers
Integrate climate riskconsiderations andmitigation actions inactivity scopes ofwork/programdescriptions.
Heat stress:• Changes in respiration andphotosynthesis and thus leads to ashortened life cycle anddiminished plant productivitythrough structural alterations inchloroplast protein complexes andreduced activity of enzymes.• Injuries to the cell membrane,changes membrane permeabilityand alters cell differentiation,elongation, and expansion• Perturbs the processesassociated with carbonassimilation (transpiration,photosynthesis and respiration)• Disorders the fruiting invegetables, for example, pollenproduction in beans. Astemperatures increase, pollen
Moderate ICTs to disseminateinformation andrecommendations aboutshifting planting dates or evenswitching cropsPromote heat tolerant crop
varieties
35
production decreases leading toreduced fruit set, reduced seedset, smaller pods, and split sets.
Tidal surge, flooding & waterlogging:• loss/damage of vegetable field• Causes oxygen deprivation thataffects cell division, growth andthe uptake and transport ofnutrients and water uptake•Fresh water contamination• Riverbank erosion and loss ofarable land• Reduces availability of vegetableby disrupting the normal marketflow
High Invest in flood protection anddrainage at community level(embankments, polders, sluicegates, etc).Early warning system on floods
ensuring both men and womenare reached
Increased biotic risk• Increased weather variability(extreme warming/cold/erraticrain) will favor insect proliferationand herbivory, this will likelyincrease the incidence and severityof insect related damages. Forexample, excessive humidity(above 80%) with 0.1 mm rainfallduring potato growing seasonfavors late blight disease, mayreduce crop loss by 30%.• Increased use of pesticides tocontrol disease leading to highproduction cost, injurious tohuman health.• As the impact of climate changebecomes more pronounced,control/management of cropdisease and pests is crucial inenabling high crop yields andensuring food security.
High Broadening genetic base andenhancing genetic variabilityDevelop alternative and proper
crop rotationsDevelop early warning system
at the point of extreme weathervariability
Infrastructure[(roads andmarkets),includingconstruction ofnew and/orupgrades toexistingstructures]
High temperature:Can cause pavements to softenand expand. This can createrutting and potholes, particularlyin high traffic areas and can placestress on bridge joints.
Moderate Leverage thegovernment’sincreasing focus oninfrastructuredevelopment that isconsistent with itsobjective to achievemiddle income statusby 2021.
Using proper building material;tested according to guidelines,including heat resistant surfaces
Integrate climate riskconsiderations andmitigation actions inactivity scopes ofwork/programdescriptions
Flooding:More intense and frequentflooding can disrupt traffic, delayconstruction activities, andweaken or wash out the soil andculverts that support roads,tunnels, and bridges. Floods andheavy storms can weaken or washaway market structures. Thesecould decrease the level of servicefrom flooded markets androadways and increase
High Ensure each project is properlydesigned to take in accountforecasts for potential forflooding. Include high leveldrainage management plans inall Market, Collection Centerand other projects.Implementing improved stormwater/drainage managementwould help reduce impacts onroadways.
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infrastructure maintenance costs.
Sea level rise:Can cause inundation of roads,especially in the coastal areas ofthe ZOI limiting access to roadsand markets. A rising sea level willweaken the soil surface thatsupports roads, leading topotholes."
Moderate Elevating roads in coastal areasthat are prone to sea level rise.Locating market structures onareas that have higherelevation.
Aquaculture[Increased pondproductivity,research ongeneticimprovement ofcarp species,strengtheningmarket linkagesandaquaculturevalue chain]
Sea level rise:Sea level rise will increase salinityintrusion further upstream ofrivers and consequently impact onfresh water culture practices. Thiscould reduce fish yields, especiallyfor catfish, tilapia and carp species.
Salinity intrusion can affect theproduction and costs of rawmaterials used for fish feedproduction (fishmeal, fish oil,soymeal, rice bran, and maizemeal), resulting in competition forthese materials between differentindustries (e.g. poultry).
High Salinity intrusions thatrender areasunsuitable foragriculture,particularly fortraditional ricefarming, could provideadditional areas forshrimp farming.Shrimp is a much morehighly valuedcommoditythan many agricultureproducts and hasgreater marketpotential but it alsohas highermanagement risks.Opportunity to testnew container andindustrial fish/shrimpproduction methodsthat use tanks andabove ground holdingtanks instead ofponds/polder/riversystems.
Moving aquaculture practicesfurther upstream, developing orshifting to more salinity tolerantstrains of fish species and/or tofarming a saline tolerantspecies. Test new fish feedformulations to expand therange of commodities used asinputs into fish feed.
Integrate climate riskconsiderations andmitigation actions inactivity scopes ofwork/programdescriptions.
Flooding:Pollutants and other damaging runoff from land based sourcescaused by flooding may impact fishecosystems in coastal areas,reducing fish yield. Changes inharvests will affect fish prices andhence nutrition. Flooding may alsodamage physical aquacultureinfrastructure, cause loss of stockand spread disease. In addition,escape from inland aquacultureinstallations of alien species intonatural environments can causeenvironmental disturbances andimpact biodiversity.
High Reduce external stressors onnatural systems. Reduce landbased sources of pollution (e.g.agricultural and urban runoff)and destructive fishing practices(e.g. fishing with explosives andpoisons). Introduce a clusterinsurance scheme to enablehouseholds to spring back totheir livelihoods
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5.1 Implementer’s Procedures:
Implementing partners will follow the following procedures for all relevant activities and willdemonstrate their compliance with these procedures in in their quarterly and annualperformance reports. As part of its initial Work Plan, and all Annual Work Plans thereafter,the implementer, in collaboration with the USAID Agreement/Contracting Officer’sRepresentative (A/COR) and MEO shall review all ongoing and planned activities under theaward to determine if they are within the scope of the approved IEE; and classify them inaccordance with Table 2.
The implementer shall have technical capabilities and sufficient resources to implementenvironmental compliance measures and have to budget for those at the activity designstage.All program activities will seek to raise environmental awareness, promote regional andnational environmentally and socially sustainable development, biodiversityconservation, adaptation to climate change, foster the culture of environmentalcompliance and governance, Public Participation in Decision making and Access toJustice in Environmental Matters with reference toit: http://www.unece.org/env/pp/welcome.htmlThe implementer will include environment compliance considerations into all aspects ofthe program implementation and will promote and train local counterparts onenvironmental requirements and standards across all of the program’s activities. Suchproposed activities will be included into annual work plans, and results will be reported inannual performance reports (reporting will include photographic documentation and sitevisit reports which fully document that all proposed mitigation procedures were followedthroughout implementation of the subject work)Prior to the launch of each activity that received NDC determination in this IEE (Table 1 &Table 2 Section III) the implementer should recruit a qualified environmental impactprofessional(s) (EIP) concurred to by A/COR and MEO, who will conduct EnvironmentalDue Diligence (EDD) review described below and develop other required environmentalcompliance documentation, recommend environmental actions to be taken by theprogram, train project personnel (including sub grantees and sub contractors),coordinate implementation of mitigation measures, monitoring, and reporting. Shouldthe EIP lack special technical knowledge to identify any special environmental impact, theimplementer will consult with a specialist in the relevant area. (See Annex 5 for sampleTOR for the EIP)Prior to the launch of each activity that received NDC determination in this IEE (Table 1 &Table 2 Section III) including sub grants and sub contracts, the implementer’s EIP willconduct an Environmental Due Diligence (EDD) review with the Environmental Reviewand Assessment Checklist (ER Checklist) (Annex 1) and Leopold Matrix (Annex 2) as aninherent part of the EDD. The EDD must be conducted by the MEO approvedenvironmental expert. The EDD process will document existing environmental concernsand foreseeable environmental effects resulting from the activities. If the EDD results ina finding of potential significant environmental impact, a Scoping Statement (SS) andEnvironmental Assessment (EA) will be done by the implementer prior to start ofactivities. TOR for Scoping Statement and/or PERSUAP, Scoping Statement and EAReport must be reviewed by MEO and approved by Asia BEO. Based on EDD results and
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mitigation measures from Environmental Guidelines for small scale Activities, IFC EHSGuidelines, and other documents as referenced below, implementer will developProgram Environmental Manual (EM) / Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan(EMMP) as appropriate for activities that may have negative environmental impact. EM /EMMP will establish criteria for eligibility, selection and screening against potentialenvironmental risk (low, moderate, and high). The EM/EMMP should have subprojects/grants (where applicable) environmental screening, selection and eligibilitycriteria, all forms, framework (sub ) sectoral EMMP which reference to guidelines atwww. usaidgems.org. This documentation will then be approved by the A/COR and MEO,in consultation with the Regional Environmental Advisor for Asia (REA/Asia). If there isany already approved EM, it should be adapted to individual program and projects andapproved by A/COR and MEO.Host country laws and regulations as well as all the relevant international environmentalobligations, including WHO, ILO, and others for environmental protection andmanagement will be followed in implementing these activities. For activities categorizedas “potential risks”' or “definite risks” of adverse environmental impact, theimplementing partner will be required to obtain a letter from the local or regional officefor environmental protection stating that the office: a) has been contacted by theimplementing partner concerning the project activities; b) will maintain contact with theproject; and c) will be aware of the potential environmental impacts of the project tohelp ensure that no detrimental impact will result from this project.If EDD review determines that small scale construction activities can follow best practicesand standard conditions and no further assessment is required, each small scaleconstruction activity should be conducted in a manner consistent with good design andimplementation practices described in a) USAID Environmental Guidelines for Small ScaleActivities in Africa, 2nd edition as provided at:http://www.usaidgems.org/sectorGuidelines.htm; b) IFC Environmental, Health and SafetyGuidelines as provided at:http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines; c) WorldHealth Organization guidelines as provided athttp://www.who.int/publications/guidelines/environmental_health/en/index.html; and d)Standard Conditions for Small Scale Construction, Small Scale Road Rehabilitation, SmallScale Water and Wastewater Activities (Annex 3).For activities categorized as “potential risks”' or “definite risks” of adverseenvironmental impact prior to their implementation the implementer will conduct publicconsultations and will seek concurrence from the national duly authorized environmentalagency on EMMPs (MoEF, or other depending on the scope of the activity).In all cases, implementation will adhere to corresponding host country environmentallaws and policies, generally outlined in the National Environmental Policy of 1992, theNational Environmental Management Action Plan of 1995 (and its 2000 and 2002amendments), and the National Conservation Strategy of 1992. National environmentalpolicies are available at the following link:http://www.moef.gov.bd/html/policy/policy.htmlSub contracts or grants from the implementing partner to other organizations mustincorporate contract/agreement provisions stipulating compliance with 22 CFR 216 andADS 204 and the IEE. Monitoring will be conducted during the project (beginning with abaseline) to determine the environmental impact (positive and/or negative) of all projectactivities. The implementer shall use only qualified staff for overseeing the mitigation and
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monitoring work. Monitoring shall occur as defined in the EMMP and on an as neededbasis. The implementer will ensure that the environmental procedures are implemented,potential impacts mitigated, and indirect and cumulative effects are considered for eachactivity. If negative environmental impacts are discovered, immediate actions will betaken to rectify the situation.Mitigation and Monitoring reports will be submitted to the Agreement/ContractingOfficer’s Representative (A/COR) and MEO at the completion of each project activity thatwas reviewed and M&Mmeasures were developed for under the EMMP, and not at theend of the project or not on a semi annual or annual basis. Reporting will includephotographic documentation and site visit reports which fully document that allproposed mitigation procedures were followed throughout implementation of thesubject work.The implementer’s performance reports to USAID shall contain a section specific toEnvironmental Compliance and include project summaries along with environmentalimpacts, success or failure of mitigation measures being implemented, results ofenvironmental monitoring, and any major modifications/revisions to the project,mitigation measures or monitoring procedures. If the activities implemented do not haveany negative impact on the environment, this should be documented as well. Theimplementer’s annual report will include an annex containing a table indicating the title,date of award, description and threshold determination of each sub contract and/or subgrant activity.
Resource Allocation, Training and Reporting requirements:
The Project AOR/CORs and activity managers will work with the USAID contracting officeto include environmental compliance requirements specified in this IEE into RFA/RFPs toensure that applicants and bidders budget for appropriate resources, staff, mitigationand monitoring, and reporting procedures. The IEE will be included in the RFA/RFPpackage.Agreement/contract with the implementing partner will include environmentalcompliance and reporting language per the IEE.A/CORs together with MEO or his designee will explain all environmental conditions tothe implementers at the post award conference.The A/COR of each project, in consultation with the MEO or REA and correspondingimplementing partner(s), will actively monitor and evaluate whether environmentalconsequences not foreseen by this IEE arise during implementation, and will modify orhalt activities as appropriate. If additional activities are added to a project but are notdescribed in this IEE, an amended IEE must be prepared.It is A/COR responsibility to ensure that Implementing Partners follow the environmentalcompliance requirements specified in this IEE.
6.0 Limitations of the IEE
This IEE covers all known or unknown activities under the USAID/Bangladesh DO2 Subpurpose 1.1 and Sub purpose 1.2 Activities through FY2022 as long as the nature of theactivities and PAD LOP budget remain as described in this IEE.
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However, this IEE does not cover activities involving:
Assistance for the procurement (including payment in kind, donations, guarantees ofcredit) or use (including handling, transport, fuel for transport, storage, mixing, loading,application, cleanup of spray equipment, and disposal) of pesticides or activitiesinvolving procurement, transport, use, storage, or disposal of toxic materials. Pesticidescover all insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, etc. covered under FIFRA ‘FederalInsecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act’. Note that the activities affected cannot goforward beyond the Programmatic Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safe Use Action Plan(PERSUAP, Asia 16 003) has been approved on September 29, 2015, it'sextension/amendment if any.Activities involving support to wood processing, agro processing, industrial enterprises,and regulatory permitting. A Pollution Prevention Assessment is necessary if the projectgoal is to have environmentally sustainable production and/or sales of value addedagricultural products by enabling producers and processors to get ISO, HACCP and othercertifications which will be a key factor for the enterprise in competing regionally andglobally. The PPA will be reviewed and approved by the Bureau Environmental Officerprior to start of activities.Assistance, procurement or use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) will requirepreparation of biosafety assessment (review) in accordance with ADS 201.3.12.2(b) in anamendment to the IEE approved by the USAID Biosafety Adviser and the Asia BEO.Development Credit Authority loan guarantees (DCA) and Global Development Alliance(GDA) Public Private PartnershipProcurement or use of Asbestos, Lead, Mercurty Containing Materials (ALMCM) (i.e.piping, roofing, etc.), Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB), lead, mercury or othertoxic/hazardous materials prohibited by US EPA as provided at:http://www.epa.gov/asbestos and/or under international environmental agreements andconventions, e.g. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants as provided at:http://chm.pops.int.
Any of these actions would require an amendment to the IEE duly approved by the Asia BEO.
7.0 Revisions
Pursuant to 22CFR216.3(a)(9), if new information becomes available which indicates thatactivities to be funded under this Project might have “major” and “significant” effect, or ifadditional activities are proposed that have not been assessed under this IEE that might beconsidered “major” and their effects significant, this categorical exclusion and negativedetermination will be reviewed and revised and submitted to the Bureau EnvironmentalOfficer (BEO) for approval and, if appropriate, an environmental assessment will beprepared. It is the responsibility of the USAID Agreement/Contracting Officer’sRepresentative (A/COR) to keep the Mission Environmental Officer and the BEO informed ofany new information or changes in the activity that might require revision of this IEE.
8/9/17
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ANNEX 1
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW & ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST (ER Checklist)
The purpose of this Environmental Review and Assessment Checklist (ER Checklist) is todetermine whether the proposed action (scope of work) encompasses the potential forenvironmental pollution or concern and, if so, to determine the scope and extent ofadditional environmental evaluation, mitigation, and monitoring necessary to fulfill federalU.S. environmental requirements. The ER Checklist is intended to be used in conjunction withthe Leopold Matrix by the Agreement/Contracting Officer’s Representative (A/COR) toensure that environmental consequences are taken into account by USAID and the hostcountry.
Date of Review: DCN of triggering IEE:
Name of reviewer: (must be qualified environmental professional approved by the MEO)
Name of Project/Activity:
Type of Project/Activity:
Location: (Attach a location map as well as site photos in color)
Project/Activity Description: (Provide detailed description for environmental impact analysis)
Baseline Environmental Conditions: This section will serve as EDD (Provide site specificenvironmental conditions due to onsite & offsite sources details for impact analysis; *Note: Thisportion covers only the baseline conditions, any impacts resulting from reconstruction/
construction/rehab will be covered under sections A through D.)
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A. CHECKLIST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES: Check appropriate column as Yes (Y),Maybe (M), No (N) or Beneficial (B). Briefly explain Y, M and B checks in next Section,"Explanations". A "Y" response does not necessarily indicate a significant effect, but ratheran issue that requires focused consideration.
Y. M. N or B
1. Earth Resources
a. grading, trenching, or excavation in cubic meters or hectare ___
b. geologic hazards (faults, landslides, liquefaction, un engineered fill, etc.) ___
c. contaminated soils or ground water on the site ___
d. offsite overburden/waste disposal or borrow pits required in cubic meters or tons ___
e. loss of high quality farmlands in hectares ___
2. Agricultural and Agrochemical
a. impacts of inputs such as seeds and fertilizers ___
b. impact of production process on human health and environment ___
c. other adverse impacts ___
3. Industries
a. impacts of run off and run on water ___
b. impact of farming such as intensification or extensification ___
c. impact of other factors ___
4. Air Quality
a. substantial increase in onsite air pollutant emissions (construction/operation)___
b. violation of applicable air pollutant emissions or ambient concentration standards ___
c. substantial increase in vehicle traffic during construction or operation ___
d. Demolition or blasting for construction __
e. substantial increase in odor during construction or operation ___
f. substantial alteration of microclimate ___
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5. Water Resources and Quality
a. river, stream or lake onsite or within 30 meters of construction ___
b. withdrawals from or discharges to surface or ground water ___
c. excavation or placing of fill, removing gravel from, a river, stream or lake ___
d. onsite storage of liquid fuels or hazardous materials in bulk quantities ___
6. Cultural Resources
a. prehistoric, historic, or paleontological resources within 30 meters of construction___
b. site/facility with unique cultural or ethnic values ___
7. Biological Resources
a. vegetation removal or construction in wetlands or riparian areas in hectare ___
b. use of pesticides/rodenticides, insecticides, or herbicides in hectare ___
c. Construction in or adjacent to a designated wildlife refuge ___
8. Planning and Land Use
a. potential conflict with adjacent land uses ___
b. non compliance with existing codes, plans, permits or design factors ___
c. construction in national park or designated recreational area ___
d. create substantially annoying source of light or glare ___
e. relocation of >10 individuals for +6 months ___
f. interrupt necessary utility or municipal service > 10 individuals for +6 months ___
g. substantial loss of inefficient use of mineral or non renewable resources ___
h increase existing noise levels >5 decibels for +3 months ___
9. Traffic, Transportation and Circulation
a. increase vehicle trips >20% or cause substantial congestion ___
b. design features cause or contribute to safety hazards ___
c. inadequate access or emergency access for anticipated volume of people ortraffic ___
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10. Hazards
a. substantially increase risk of fire, explosion, or hazardous chemical release ___
b. bulk quantities of hazardous materials or fuels stored on site +3 months ___
c. create or substantially contribute to human health hazard ___
11. Other Issues (to be used for categories not captured under1 through 10 above)
a. Substantial adverse impact ___
b. Adverse impact ___
c. Minimal impact ___
B. EXPLANATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES: explain Y, M and B responses
C. RECOMMENDED ACTION (Highlight Appropriate Action):
1. The project has no potential for substantial adverse environmental effects. Nofurther environmental review is required.
2. The project has little potential for substantial adverse environmental effects;however the recommended mitigation measures will be developed and incorporatedin the project design and/or construction, operation and maintenance phases. Nofurther environmental review is required.
3. The project has substantial but mitigatable adverse environmental effects andrequired measures to mitigate environmental effects. Mitigation and Monitoring(M&M) Plan must be developed and approved by the BEO and/or REO prior toimplementation. M&M Plan is to be attached to the Scope of Work.
4. The project has potentially substantial adverse environmental effects, but requiresmore analysis to form a conclusion. A Scoping Statement must be prepared and besubmitted to the BEO for approval. Following BEO approval an EnvironmentalAssessment (EA) will be conducted. Project may not be implemented until the BEOapproves the final EA.
5. The project has potentially substantial adverse environmental effects, and revisionsto the project design or location or the development of new alternatives is required.
6. The project has substantial and unmitigatable adverse environmental effects.Mitigation is insufficient to eliminate these effects and alternatives are not feasible.The project is not recommended for funding.
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D. IDENTIFIED SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS (including physical, biological andsocial), if any: (Use ER tools such as Leopold Matrix to identify significant environmentalimpacts)
E. RECOMMENDEDMITIGATIONMEASURES (includes Public Participation in case of alltypes of community and infrastructure projects):
F. RECOMMENDEDMONITORINGMEASURES (if any):
APPROVAL:
Implementer Project Director/COP:_____________________ Date: __________
USAID/ Project C/AOR: ______________________ Date: __________
USAID/Bangladesh Mission
Environmental Officer: ______________________ Date: __________
COPY TO:
Bureau Environmental Officer: _____________________ Date: __________
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Leop
oldMatrix–Insert
ProjectT
ypePo
tent
ialImpa
cts
Nam
eof
Review
er:
Date:
ANNEX
2
Enviro
nmen
tal
compo
nent
Projec
t
Compo
nent
PHYS
ICALEN
VIRO
NMEN
TBIOLO
GICALEN
VIRO
NMEN
TSO
CIALEN
VIRO
NMEN
T
AgriculturalLand
SoilErosion
SlopeStability
Energy/MineralResources
SurfaceWaterQuantity
SurfaceWaterQuality
GroundWaterQuantity
GroundWaterQuality
AirQuality
Noise
AquaticEcosystems
WetlandEcosystems
TerrestrialEcosystems
EndangeredSpecies
MigratorySpecies
BeneficialPlants
BeneficialAnimals
PestPlants
PestAnimals
DiseaseVectors
PublicHealth
Resource/LandUseDistributionSystems
Employment
AtRiskPopulation
MigrantPopulation
CommunityStability
Cultural/ReligiousValues
Tourism/Recreation
Nutrition
PLANNING&DESIGNConstruction
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Operation KEY:
Bene
ficial:O
High;
O–Med
ium;O
–Lo
wAdv
erse
:High;
–Med
ium;
–Lo
w
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ANNEX 3
Standard Conditions for Small Scale Construction
(May be used as one of the guidance documents to develop site specific Mitigation and Monitoring Plan,i.e., M&M Plan)
Small scale construction activities occur in association with a wide variety of development projectsfinanced by USAID. Construction activities include demolition; site clearing; soil grading, leveling andcompaction; excavation; pipe and equipment installation; and the erection of physical structures.These activities have the potential to result in significant adverse environmental impacts, but most ofthose impacts can be mitigated down to acceptable levels through the use of good constructionmanagement practices.
These standard conditions have been developed by USAID’s Europe and Eurasia Bureau to ensurethat small scale construction activities do not result in significant adverse environmental impact.When adherence to these conditions is required as a condition of small scale construction contracts,no significant adverse environmental impact is presumed to result from activity implementation.Project officers, CTOs, Mission Environmental Officers, Contract Officers and implementingorganizations must nonetheless be aware that these standard conditions are generic in nature, andthat additional potentially significant adverse environmental impacts may be associated with smallscale construction activities. It is the responsibility of the individual USAID missions, and/or theirimplementing contractors and grantees, to monitor construction and to ensure that significantadverse environmental impacts do not result from these programs.
For the purposes of this guidance, “small scale” construction activities are defined here as those thatcost less than $100,000 per construction project. Because of the exceptionally diverse physicalconditions under which Bureau construction activities take place, and the very broad kinds ofconstruction that take place, the following standard conditions are to be followed “as practicableand appropriate.”
Standard Conditions for Small Scale Construction Projects
Establish and adhere to construction timetables that minimize disruption to the normalactivities of the construction area.Coordinate truck and other construction activity to minimize noise, traffic disruption anddust.Develop and implement appropriate human health and worker safety measures duringconstruction.Post construction timetables and traffic diversion schedules at the project site.
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Where significant environmental impacts may occur, document and photograph preconstruction and post construction conditions.Avoid subsidence and building stabilization problems through proper foundation excavation,fill placement and borrow pit management.Fill should avoid pockets of segregated materials, it should use well graded materials, and itshould be compacted to recognized standards.Backfill and/or restore borrow areas and quarries before abandonment unless alternativeuses for those sites are planned.Control runoff into borrow pits.Provide temporary sanitation at the construction site.Recover and replant topsoil and plants as practicable.Set protocols for vehicle maintenance to control contamination by grease, oil and fuels.Install temporary erosion control and sediment retention measures when permanent oneseither are not feasible or are delayed.Avoid pollution of waterways with stockpiled construction materials.Cover stockpiled construction materials, as practicable.Place solvents, lubricants, oils, and other semi hazardous and hazardous liquids over a linedarea with appropriate secondary containment in order to contain spillage. Test the integrityof bulk storage tanks and drums, and secure valves on oil and fuel supplies.Build appropriate containment structures around bulk storage tanks and materials stores toprevent spillage entering watercourses.Handle, store, use and process branded materials in accordance with manufacturer’sinstructions and recommendations.Take waste materials to appropriate, designated local disposal areas.Avoid the use of cement; paper; board; sealant and glazing formulations; piping; roofingmaterial; or other materials containing asbestos.Do not use PCBs in electric transformers.Avoid sealant and glazing formulations that use lead as a drying agent.Use lead free paint, primers, varnishes and stains..Minimize the use of solvent based paints, or replace with water based materials.Minimize burning of waste materials.Employ techniques to minimize dust and vapor emissions as practicable (e.g., road speedlimits, air extraction equipment, scaffolding covers, road spray).Recycle wastewater to the extent practicable.Build tanks or other separators for silt laden material prior to allowing significant outflowinto watercourses.Build collection channels leading to oil and/or silt traps, particularly around areas used forvehicle washing or fuelling.Seal or remove abandoned drains to minimize water contamination.Segregate waste which can be salvaged, re used or recycled.Introduce measures to control and minimize the volume of waste on site.Employ sensitive strategies with regard to trees, watercourses, plant or animal species orhabitats, and important historical and archaeological features.As practicable, landscape construction sites in a way that is appropriate to local conditions.Minimize the disturbance of, and reduce the spread of, ground contaminants.Do not build structures in sensitive areas such as wetlands.
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If waste will be buried on site, avoid siting burial pits up gradient from drinking water sourcessuch as wells. Pits should be lined with impermeable material (e.g., clay or polyethylene).If waste will be buried on site, avoid siting waste pits where water tables are high orunderlying geology makes contamination of groundwater likely. If no alternative site isavailable, ensure that pits are lined with impermeable material.Provide for the safe disposal of gray water from bathing and washing.
Additional Conditions to Minimize Impact of Parking Facility Construction
Compact substrate materials appropriately.Where applicable, apply sealant at earliest possible time to limit runoff from unsealedasphalt.Provide adequate drainage for the surface area to be paved.Return unpaved areas to original or improved contours following construction.Re vegetate areas where vegetation was removed or destroyed during construction.Provide vegetation strips within parking lot where possible, including shade trees.Retain tree(s) along parking facility and adjacent roadsides.
Standard Conditions for Small Scale Irrigation Projects
USAID’s Bureau for Europe and Eurasia finances, directly or indirectly, a range of small scale irrigationprojects. These include, inter alia, maintenance and rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure,construction of weirs, improved water management, and improved irrigation system operations andmanagement. Small scale irrigation activities have the potential to result in significant adverseenvironmental impacts, but most of those impacts can be mitigated down to acceptable levelsthrough the use of good siting, design, construction, operations and maintenance practices.
These standard conditions have been developed by USAID’s Bureau for Europe and Eurasia (E&E) toensure that small scale irrigation activities financed by the Bureau do not result in significant adverseenvironmental impact. When adherence to these conditions is required as a condition of projectimplementation, no significant adverse environmental impact is presumed to result. Project Officers,CTOs, Mission Environmental Officers, Contract Officers and implementing organizations mustnonetheless be aware that these standard conditions are generic in nature, and that additionalpotentially significant adverse environmental impacts may be associated with small scale irrigationactivities. It is the responsibility of the individual USAID missions, and/or their implementingcontractors and grantees, to monitor irrigation activities and to ensure that significant adverseenvironmental impacts do not result.
For the purposes of this guidance, “small scale irrigation projects” are defined as activities that: (1)cost less than $100,000 per individual project; (2) do not bring significant areas of currently unirrigated land under irrigation; (3) do not involve the construction of new dams, trunk canals, or rivertraining works; and (4) do not involve rehabilitation of existing dams over fifty feet in height.
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Because of the exceptionally diverse physical, biological and social environments in which Bureauirrigation projects take place, and the broad kinds of irrigation activities that are financed, theseStandard Conditions are to be followed “as practicable and appropriate.”
Standard Conditions for Small Scale Irrigation Projects
IRRIGATION SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
As a general rule, small scale irrigation projects should be designed to achieve or promote some orall of the following objectives:
Better water management, including better water use efficiency and lower water lossesBetter water qualityLower sediment loadingLess erosionLess waterlogging and soil salinizationImproved irrigation system operations and maintenanceHealthier conditions for irrigation workers.
Specific actions that can be used to avoid or reduce adverse environmental impacts on small scaleirrigation projects are as follows:
Water Use Efficiency
Improve water control through good canal and weir designKeep canals, headworks, flow regulators, modules and water courses free of debrisAdd water storage capacity where water is seasonally scarceImprove water depth consistency through improved land levelingEnsure the suitability of crops to available water supplyMonitor groundwater tables when irrigating from groundwaterTrain farmers and system operators in how to improve water use efficiency.
Water Loss
Use drip irrigation where practicableUse piping where practicable, instead of canalsWhen using canals, employ design standards that limit evaporative lossDesign canals that are relatively narrow and deepCover open canalsLine canals to limit water loss through percolationReduce evapotranspiration by keeping canals clear of vegetationMonitor and repair leaks from cracked canal and containment structures, broken pipes,faulty valves and similar infrastructureReduce evaporation on center pivot and sprinkler systems by irrigating at the coolest time ofdayTrain farmers and system operators in how to reduce water loss.
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Water Quality
Use design standards that lower sediment loads in irrigation waterIdentify and monitor water quality parameters with adverse crop and human health impactsTrain farmers and system operators in how to improve water quality.
Erosion
Use terracing and similar techniques to reduce land surface erosionPlan for devices that can protect against scour where water scour potential is an issue (e.g.,culverts, drops, chutes, control structures)Train farmers on how to reduce land and facility erosion.
Waterlogging and Salinization
Monitor groundwater levels and salinityUse sprinkler or drip irrigation systems where possibleImprove system drainageTrain farmers to recognize waterlogging and salinization problems.
Operations and Maintenance
As a rule, financing for irrigation infrastructure improvements should not be provided unlessappropriate operations and maintenance (O&M) provisions are in place.Establish an appropriate maintenance schedule for inspection and reporting performanceconditions.Periodically review system components to verify that they meet the original design criteriafor efficient operations and uniform distribution of water.Where appropriate, prepare an O&MManual before the irrigation system starts operations.O&M plans should address, inter alia, financial and system power issues.
Human Health
Understand what water related disease vectors occur in association with the irrigationsystem, and design system improvements to reduce those vectorsDon’t use irrigation water as a potable water sourceLine canals and ditchesCover or pipe water where possiblePrevent backwaters or slow moving water where vegetation and disease vectors are moreeasily establishedUse application rates that avoid generating areas of standing waterKeep canals and ditches free of weeds, sediment and snailsActively control disease vectors
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Train farmers and system operators to recognize and deal with system characteristics withthe potential to adversely affect human health.
Other Irrigation System Conditions
Design canals to maintain appropriate flow velocitiesPlan for access of canals to facilitate cleaning, sediment removal and vector controlDesign appropriate canal crossing structures at appropriate intervalsPlan for gates at the lower end of canals to they can be flushed to the nearest drainDo not use materials containing asbestos on USAID funded projects.Replace lead pipes and joints in delivery system.
STANDARD CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS
Establish and adhere to construction timetables that minimize disruption to the normalactivities of the construction area.Post construction timetables and traffic diversion schedules at the project siteCoordinate truck and other construction activity to minimize noise, traffic disruption anddustWhere significant environmental impacts may occur, document and photograph preconstruction and post construction conditionsFill should avoid pockets of segregated materials, it should use well graded materials, and itshould be compacted to recognized standardsInstall temporary erosion control and sediment retention measures when permanent oneseither are not feasible or are delayedUse proper bedding materials for pipes, and backfill appropriately for the pipelineUse riprap (cobbled stone), gravel, or concrete as needed to prevent erosion of drainagestructures at the outfall according to established standardsDo not allow animals to drink directly from water sourcesIn coastal areas, maintain withdrawals within safe yield limits to avoid salt water intrusionand well contaminationEnsure that spilled water and rainwater drain to a soakway or equivalent structure.Re vegetate areas damaged during construction. Do not remove erosion control measuresuntil re vegetation is completed.As practicable, landscape construction sites in a way that is appropriate to local conditions.
EXCAVATION AND BORROW PITS
Use material from the required excavations first, since it produces a fairly durable aggregatefor both surface stabilization and erosion control and is very cost effective.Place fences around borrow pit excavations, as necessary.Ensure excavation is accompanied by well engineered drainage to control runoff into the pit.Develop specific procedures for storing topsoil, and for phased closure and reshaping andrestoration of the pit when extraction has been completed. Include plans for segregating
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gravel and quarry materials by quality and grade for possible future uses. Whereappropriate, include reseeding or re vegetation to reduce soil erosion, prevent gullying andminimize visual impacts.Discuss with local communities the option of retaining quarry pits as water collection pondsto water cattle, irrigate crops or for similar uses. Issues of disease transmission, andprohibiting the use of pit water for human consumption, bathing, and clothes washing,should be highlighted.Decommission/restore areas so that they are suitable for sustainable use after extraction iscompleted.Backfill and/or restore borrow areas and quarries before abandonment if alternative uses forthose sites are not planned.
MATERIAL STORAGE AND HANDLING
Identify sites for temporary/permanent storage of excavated material and constructionmaterials.Avoid pollution of waterways with stockpiled construction materials.Set protocols for vehicle maintenance to control contamination by grease, oil and fuels.Build collection channels leading to oil and/or silt traps, particularly around areas used forvehicle washing or fueling.Build appropriate containment structures around bulk storage tanks and materials stores toprevent spillage entering watercourses.Build tanks or other separators for silt laden material prior to allowing significant outflowinto watercourses.Cover stockpiled construction materials, as practicable.Minimize the disturbance of, and reduce the spread of, ground contaminants.Handle, store, use and process branded materials in accordance with manufacturer’sinstructions and recommendations.Segregate construction waste that can be salvaged, re used or recycled.Take construction waste materials to appropriate, designated local disposal areas.Minimize burning of waste materials.If construction waste will be buried on site, avoid siting burial pits up gradient from drinkingwater sources such as wells. Pits should be lined with impermeable material (e.g., clay orpolyethylene).If construction waste will be buried on site, avoid siting waste pits where water tables arehigh or underlying geology makes contamination of groundwater likely. If no alternative siteis available, ensure that pits are lined with impermeable material.
HUMAN HEALTH ANDWORKER SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION
Provide workers with appropriate safety equipment.Protect workers from injury by flying or falling rock, slope failures and avalancheExplore off site accommodation for crewKeep camp sizes to a minimum.Provide temporary sanitation on construction sitesMaintain good first aid capabilities on site.
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Standard Conditions for Small Scale Road Rehabilitation and Maintenance Activities
Road rehabilitation and maintenance activities occur in conjunction with a variety of communityinfrastructure and rural development projects financed by USAID. Road rehabilitation andmaintenance activities include excavation; soil grading and leveling; fill placement and compaction;placement of base course and road surface materials; and construction of culverts, bridges andsurface drainage structures. These activities have the potential to result in significant adverseenvironmental impacts, but most of those impacts can be mitigated down to acceptable levelsthrough the use of good design and construction practices.
These standard conditions have been developed by USAID’s Europe and Eurasia Bureau to ensurethat small scale road rehabilitation and reconstruction activities do not result in significant adverseenvironmental impact. When adherence to these conditions, as practicable and appropriate, isrequired as a condition of road rehabilitation and maintenance contracts, no significant adverseenvironmental impact is presumed to result from activity implementation.
Project officers, CTOs, Mission Environmental Officers, Contract Officers and implementingorganizations must nonetheless be aware that these standard conditions are generic in nature, andthat additional potentially significant adverse environmental impacts may be associated with roadrehabilitation and maintenance activities. It is the responsibility of the individual USAID missions,and/or their implementing contractors and grantees, to monitor road rehabilitation and maintenanceactivities and to ensure that significant adverse environmental impacts do not result.
This guidance applies only to road rehabilitation and maintenance activities that (1) cost less than$250,000 per individual project and (2) do not involve realignment of a road outside of its existingright of way (ROW). Because of the exceptionally diverse physical, biological and socialenvironments in which Bureau road rehabilitation and maintenance projects take place, and thebroad kinds of rehabilitation and maintenance activities that are financed, these standard conditionsare to be followed “as practicable and appropriate.”
Standard Conditions for Road Rehabilitation and Maintenance Projects
Noise, Traffic Disruption and Dust
Establish and adhere to construction timetables that minimize disruption to the normalactivities of the construction area. Post construction timetables and traffic diversionschedules at the project site, as appropriate.Coordinate truck and other construction activity to minimize noise, traffic disruption anddust.
Human Health andWorker Safety
Develop and implement appropriate human health and worker safety measures duringconstruction.Provide workers with appropriate safety equipment.
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Take safety precautions to protect workers and others from injury by flying or falling rock,slope failures and avalanche.Explore off site accommodation for crew.Keep camp size to a minimum.Provide temporary sanitation on construction sites.
Ecological and Historical Considerations
Identify and avoid areas in the project impact zone that may contain important ecological,archeological, paleontological, historic, religious or cultural resources, including forests,wetlands and areas of high biological diversity or threatened species habitat.Have construction crews and supervisors be alert for buried historic, religious, and culturalobjects, and provide them with procedures to follow if such objects are discovered. Provideincentives for recovery of objects and disincentives for their destruction.If impact to sensitive areas cannot be avoided during road reconstruction, involve ecologists,archeologists and engineers in evaluating alternatives and minimizing impacts.Where significant environmental impacts may occur, document and photograph preconstruction and post construction conditions.
Project Design
Use established design standards for each facet of construction and related activities, e.g.,road bed, road surface, drainage, erosion control, re vegetation, stream crossing, sensitiveareas, steep slopes, material extraction, transport and storage, construction camps,decommissioning, etc.Minimize use of vertical road cuts even though they are easier to construct, and require lessspace than flatter slopes. The majority of road cuts should have no more than a ¾:1 to 1:1slope to promote plant growth. Vertical cuts are acceptable in rocky material and in wellcemented soils, if such cuts are stable according to established slope stability criteria.Water the road prior to compaction to strengthen the road surface.When possible, delay compaction activities until the beginning of the wet season or whenmore water is available.Use water from settling basins and retention ponds for road maintenance.Drive roads after moderate rains to identify areas that collect or gully water. Mark andredesign/rehabilitate as necessary.Reshape eroded or culled surfaces so that water will no longer follow the course of theroadway.Conduct periodic independent inspection of work to see that it conforms to original plan anddesign specifications. Provide incentives and disincentives to ensure conformance.
Excavation/Borrow Pits
Use material from local road cuts first, since it produces a fairly durable aggregate for bothsurface stabilization and erosion control and is very cost effective.Place fence around borrow pit excavations, as necessary.
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Ensure excavation is accompanied by well engineered drainage to control runoff into the pit.Develop specific procedures for storing topsoil and for phased closure and reshaping andrestoration of the pit when extraction has been completed. Include plans for segregatinggravel and quarry materials by quality and grade for possible future uses. Whereappropriate, include reseeding or re vegetation to reduce soil erosion, prevent gullying andminimize visual impacts.Discuss with local communities the option of retaining quarry pits as water collection pondsto water cattle, irrigate crops or for similar uses. Issues of disease transmission, andprohibiting the use of pit water for human consumption, bathing, and clothes washing,should be highlighted.Decommission/restore area so it is suitable for sustainable use after extraction is completed.Backfill and/or restore borrow areas and quarries before abandonment if alternative uses forthose sites are not planned.
Vegetation Clearing and Revegetation
Carry out earth moving and removal of vegetation only during dry periods.If vegetation must be removed during wet periods, wait until just before actual construction.Store topsoil and preserve removed plants for later use.Re vegetate with recovered plants and other appropriate local flora immediately afterequipment is removed from a section of the site.
Material Storage
Identify sites for temporary/permanent storage of excavated material and constructionmaterials.Avoid pollution of waterways with stockpiled construction materials.Cover stockpiled construction materials, as practicable.
Fill and Grade
Minimize the volume of fill required.Raise road surfaces with stable and durable fill material. Grade with insle, outslope orcambered shape. Install sufficient cross drains, ditches and settling ponds.Use appropriate road surface materials (e.g., asphalt, concrete, gravel) following fillplacement, or excavation to design grade.Do not fill the flow line of natural creeks and drainages. Especially in arid areas, designculverts to handle rare high rainfall events.Minimize cuts and fills in wetlands.
Drainage and Erosion Control
Install drainage structures during, instead of after construction. Most erosion associatedwith roads occurs in the first year after construction. Delaying installation of the drainagefeatures greatly increases the extent of erosion and damage during that time.
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Use outside ditches to control surface water when necessary, but avoid general use as theyconcentrate water flow and require the road to be at least a meter wider. Install frequentstructures, berms or trenches, to divert water upslope of roads into stream channels.Install frequent diversion structures, such as water bars, to move water off the road andminimize concentration of water.Install drainage crossings to pass water from the uphill to the downhill side of the road. Ifusing culvert pipes, follow accepted sizing and design standards. Where flows are difficult todetermine, use structures such as fords, rolling dips, and overflow dips that canaccommodate any flow volume and are not susceptible to plugging.Stabilize outlet ditches (inside and outside) with small stone riprap, and/ or vegetativebarriers placed on contour to dissipate energy and to prevent the creation or enlargement ofgullies.Install drainage turnouts at frequent intervals, and extend turnout drains far enough to allowwater to dissipate evenly into the ground.Install drainage ditches or berms on up hill slopes to divert water away from the road.Visually spot check for drainage problems, including accumulation of water on road surfaces,especially after the first heavy rains following rehabilitation and at the end of the rainyseason.Monitor and maintain drainage structures and ditches including culverts. Clean out culvertsand side channels/runouts when they begin to fill with sediment.Install temporary erosion control features when permanent ones will be delayed. Useerosion control measures such as hay bales, berms, straw or fabric barriers.Stabilize slopes by planting vegetation. Work with agronomists to identify native specieswith the best erosion control properties, root strength, site adaptability, and other sociallyuseful properties. Set up nurseries in project areas to supply necessary plants. Do not usenon native plants. Use soil stabilizing chemicals or geo textiles (fabrics) where feasible andappropriate.
Material Disposal
Break up old road surface material. Remove and dispose of surface material (e.g. asphalt) ifnecessary, and loosen soil of previous track to accelerate regeneration of vegetation.Segregate waste which can be salvaged, re used or recycled.Take waste materials to appropriate, designated local disposal areas.Minimize burning of waste materials.If waste will be buried on site, avoid siting burial pits up gradient of drinking water sourcessuch as wells. Pits should be lined with impermeable material (e.g., clay or polyethylene).If waste will be buried on site, avoid siting waste pits where water tables are high orunderlying geology makes contamination of groundwater likely. If no alternative site isavailable, ensure that pits are lined with impermeable material.
Hazardous Materials
Do not use asbestos materials on USAID funded projects.Do not use herbicides on USAID funded projects without prior written approval.
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Place solvents, lubricants, oils, and other semi hazardous and hazardous liquids over a linedarea with appropriate secondary containment in order to contain spillage. Test the integrityof bulk storage tanks and drums, and secure valves on oil and fuel supplies.Build appropriate containment structures around bulk storage tanks and materials stores toprevent spillage entering watercourses.Handle, store, use and process branded materials in accordance with manufacturer’sinstructions and recommendations.Set protocols for vehicle maintenance such as requiring that repairs and fueling occurelsewhere or over impervious surface such as plastic sheeting. Prevent dumping ofhazardous materials. Capture leaks or spills with drop cloths or wood shavings. Burn wasteoil that is not reusable/readily recyclable, that does not contain heavy metals, and that isflammable.Take special precautions to prevent release/dumping of debris, oil, fuel, sand cement, andsimilar harmful materials.Install concrete pads, drains and oil/water separators in areas where vehicle and equipmentmaintenance and fueling will occur regularly.Prevent fuel tank leaks by monitoring and cross checking fuel levels, deliveries and use;checking pipes and joints for leaks; tightening generator fuel lines; and preventing over fillingof main storage and vehicle tanks.
Standard Conditions for Small Scale Water andWastewater Activities
USAID’s Bureau for Europe and Eurasia finances, directly or indirectly, a large number of water andwastewater activities. These occur in both rural and urban areas, and in association with residential,commercial, industrial and medical facilities. Water and wastewater activities have the potential toresult in significant adverse environmental impacts, but most of those impacts can be mitigateddown to acceptable levels through the use of good siting, design, construction, operations andmaintenance practices.
These standard conditions for small scale water and wastewater activities have been developed byUSAID’s Europe and Eurasia Bureau (E&E) to ensure that water and wastewater activities financedby the Bureau do not result in significant adverse environmental impact. When adherence to theseconditions, as practical and appropriate, is required as a condition of water and wastewatercontracts, no significant adverse environmental impact is presumed to result from activityimplementation.
Project Officers, CTOs, Mission Environmental Officers, Contract Officers and implementingorganizations must nonetheless be aware that these standard conditions are generic in nature, andthat additional potentially significant adverse environmental impacts may be associated with waterand wastewater activities. It is the responsibility of the individual USAID missions, and/or theirimplementing contractors and grantees, to monitor water and wastewater activities and to ensurethat significant adverse environmental impacts do not result.
For the purposes of this guidance, “small scale” water and wastewater activities are defined asthose that cost less than $200,000 per individual construction project. Because of the exceptionallydiverse physical, biological and social environments under which Bureau water and wastewater
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projects take place, and the broad kinds of water and wastewater activities that are financed, thesestandard conditions are to be followed “as practicable and appropriate.”
Standard Conditions for Water andWastewater Activities
Standard Siting Conditions
Site water supply facilities in a way that minimizes the potential for contamination, takinginto account existing and likely future land use patterns in the water supply—i.e., wellheadprotection, or upper watershed—area.Site wastewater facilities in a way that minimizes their potential for contaminating watersupply sources, or for exposing human populations to water borne contaminants.Avoid siting water supply and wastewater facilities in flood prone areas.Do not site water and wastewater facilities on active faults or other areas where groundstability problems such as soil creep occur.Locate wastewater facilities downwind of local population.Build latrines and similar sanitation facilities down gradient of water supply wells. Asnecessary, evaluate depth to water table including seasonal fluctuations. Pit latrines shouldnot be installed where the water table is shallow or the composition of the overlyingdeposits make groundwater vulnerable to contamination.Employ sensitive siting strategies that take into appropriate consideration impact on trees,wetlands and watercourses, important plant and animal habitat, and significant historical andarchaeological resources. Avoid or mitigate adverse impacts to these resources.
Standard Design Conditions
In general, design water supply facilities to protect water quality, minimize the potential forcontamination, and minimize operation and maintenance costs.In general, design wastewater facilities to avoid contamination of water supplies and humanexposure, and minimize operation and maintenance costs.In general, do not construct new wastewater pipelines unless treatment is provided at theoutfall.Where latrines are installed, use improved ventilated pit designs that reduce insect vectors.
Standard Construction Conditions
Establish and adhere to construction timetables that minimize disruption to the normalactivities of the construction area.Post construction timetables and traffic diversion schedules at the project site.Coordinate truck and other construction activity to minimize noise, traffic disruption anddust.Develop and implement appropriate human health and worker safety measures duringconstruction as well as during operation and maintenance phases.Where significant environmental impacts may occur, document and photograph preconstruction and post construction conditions.
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Avoid subsidence and building stabilization problems through proper foundation excavation,fill placement and borrow pit management.Fill should avoid pockets of segregated materials, it should use well graded materials, and itshould be compacted to recognized standards.Backfill and/or restore borrow areas and quarries before abandonment unless alternativeuses for those sites are planned.Control runoff into borrow pits.Install temporary erosion control and sediment retention measures when permanent oneseither are not feasible or are delayed.Provide temporary sanitation at the construction site.Set protocols for vehicle maintenance to control contamination by grease, oil and fuels.Build collection channels leading to oil and/or silt traps, particularly around areas used forvehicle washing or fueling.Build appropriate containment structures around bulk storage tanks and materials stores toprevent spillage entering watercourses.Build tanks or other separators for silt laden material prior to allowing significant outflowinto watercourses.Avoid pollution of waterways with stockpiled construction materials.Cover stockpiled construction materials, as practicable.Minimize the disturbance of, and reduce the spread of, ground contaminants.Handle, store, use and process branded materials in accordance with manufacturer’sinstructions and recommendations.Use lead free paint, primers, varnishes and stains.Minimize the use of solvent based paints.Introduce measures to control and minimize the volume of waste on site.Segregate waste that can be salvaged, re used or recycled.Take waste materials to appropriate, designated local disposal areas.Minimize burning of waste materials.If waste will be buried on site, avoid siting burial pits up gradient from drinking water sourcessuch as wells. Pits should be lined with impermeable material (e.g., clay or polyethylene).If waste will be buried on site, avoid siting waste pits where water tables are high orunderlying geology makes contamination of groundwater likely. If no alternative site isavailable, ensure that pits are lined with impermeable material.Provide for the safe disposal of gray water from bathing and washing.Recycle wastewater to the extent practicable.Seal or remove abandoned drains to minimize water contamination.Use proper bedding materials for pipes, and backfill appropriately for the pipeline.Use riprap (cobbled stone), gravel, or concrete as needed to prevent erosion of drainagestructures at the outfall of sanitation projects according to established standards.Monitor and repair leaks from cracked containment structures, broken pipes, faulty valvesand similar structures.Do not use piping containing asbestos.Replace lead pipes and joints in drinking water delivery system.Provide proper wellhead protection against contaminant sources.Keep livestock from grazing immediately up gradient of water supplies.
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Do not allow animals to drink directly from water sources, unless those sources aresubsequently treated.In coastal areas, maintain withdrawals within safe yield limits to avoid salt water intrusionand well contamination.Ensure that spilled water and rainwater drain to a soakway or equivalent structure.Monitor drains and soakways and keep clear of debris.Collect and dispose of sludge from wastewater treatment facilities at appropriate
frequencies.Dispose of sludge in areas designated by local authorities.Test sludge for metals, pathogens and other appropriate constituents prior to use asfertilizer.Recover and replant topsoil and plants as practicable.Re vegetate areas damaged during construction. Do not remove erosion control measuresuntil re vegetation is completed.As practicable, landscape construction sites in a way that is appropriate to local conditions.
Standard Operations and Maintenance Conditions
As a rule, financing for water and wastewater infrastructure improvements should not beprovided unless appropriate operations and maintenance (O&M) provisions are in place.On larger projects, an O&MManual should be prepared before water or wastewater systemoperations begin.Address financial and system power issues in O&M plans.
Additional Standard Conditions for Slaughterhouses
Separate solid and liquid (wastewater, blood and other liquids) wastes prior to disposal.Recycle any wastes that can appropriately be recycled.Collect solid waste in containers for disposal to an approved treatment storage and disposalfacility, if practicable.Treat liquid effluent with either anaerobic or aerobic pond systems, or discharge to awastewater treatment facility that is able to handle these special materials.
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ANNEX 4
EMMP TEMPLATE PROJECT/ACTIVITY DATA
Project Tracking ID:
EMMP Tracking ID:
Project/Activity Name:
Implementing Partner(s):
EMMP date:
Submitted by: PURPOSE OF EMMP Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans (EMMPs) are required for USAID-funded projects when the 22CFR216 documentation governing the project impose conditions on at least one project element. EMMPs are a vehicle for translating IEE conditions (which are often very general) into specific, implementable, verifiable actions.
The following EMMP documents the mitigation measures planned, establishes the monitoring protocols, indicators to be tracked, identifies responsible parties, and schedule of activities.
The undersigned commits to ensure that all foreseeable significant adverse effects on the environment have been adequately and effectively mitigated by the attached EMMP to be implemented at [specify site, activity number]. If new adverse effects or the need for new or improved mitigation measures are identified, I will immediately notify the USAID activity manager/AOR/COR.
Signed:
____________________________________ Name, COP/Implementer
USAID APPROVAL OF EMMP [Include signature blocks in accordance with Bureau and/or Mission policy. At a minimum include the noted required signatures.]
Approval:
______________________________________ Name], Activity Manager/A/COR (required)
____________________ Date
Approval: ______________________________________
[Name], Regional Environmental Advisor (as appropriate) ____________________ Date
Approval:
______________________________________ [Name], Mission Environmental Officer (required)
____________________ Date
Approval: ______________________________________ [Name], Asia Bureau Environmental Officer (as appropriate)
____________________ Date
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[The EMMP is composed of a brief narrative as well as a summary table. The content of the EMMP should provide enough details to document the mitigation measures planned, monitoring protocols, indicators to be tracked, and responsible parties.]
1.0 PROJECT/ACTIVITY SUMMARY [This should be a summary of activity and information in the IEE, modified to site-specific circumstances.]
2.0 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ( BANGLADESH AND UNITED STATE)
3.0 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN RELATION TO OVERALL PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION/SCREENING
[This should be a summary of information in the IEE, expanded to site specific circumstances. A detail of each of the activities and sub activities and Environmental screening (Threshold Decision) of each sub-activity under project/activity is very much needed to justify the Threshold Decision]
Defined or Anticipated Project Elements
Identified Environmental
Aspects or Impacts
Identified Environmental Threshold Decision
4.0 MITIGATION ACTIVITY NARRATIVE [In this section short down the NDC activities and briefly describe each required mitigation proposed, how it will be implemented, how it will be integrated into overall project activities, and timing with the activity implementation.]
5.0 MONITORING ACTIVITY NARRATIVE [In this section briefly describe the monitoring indicators, monitoring protocols, individuals/entities responsible for monitoring, and timing of monitoring with respect to activity implantation. Also specify how monitoring indicators are integrated with the overall project monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL).]
6.0 REPORTING ACTIVITY NARRATIVE [In this section briefly describe the reporting related to the mitigation and monitoring, planed protocols, and individuals/entities responsible, and timing of reporting with respect to activity implementation.]
7.0 DESCRIPTION OF EMMP MONITORING PROTOCOL (OPTIONAL SECTION) [In this section briefly explain the process to ensure the EMMP is being implemented and effective. Define the process engaging USAID (A/COR and BEO) to adjust EMMP if necessary.]
8.0 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS [In this section briefly explain timing and plan to undertake other environmental analyses required such as PER, SUAP, WQAP, CRM.]
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9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE STAFFING (OPTIONAL SECTION) [In this section briefly describe the staffing plan and expertise to ensure mitigation and monitoring is adequately addressed.]
10.0 ANNUAL BUDGET
Estimated budget for 22CFR216 compliance measures
Estimated $
Cost of EMMP development
Cost of Mitigation activities
Cost of Monitoring activities
Cost of reporting activities
11.0 EMMP SUMMARY TABLE FOR [PROVIDE NAME OF ACTIVITY]
Defined or Anticipated
Project Elements
Identified Environmental
Aspects or Impacts
Environment and Climate Mitigation Measure(s)
Monitoring Indicator(s)
Monitoring and
Reporting Frequency
Responsible Parties
Planning and Design (if applicable)
Mobilization (if applicable)
Sourcing of Materials & Equipment (if applicable)
Rehabilitation works (if applicable)
Construction Demobilization (if applicable)
Testing, Operation, and Maintenance (if applicable)
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[INSERT ORGANIZATION LOGO] ANNEX 5
TERMS OF REFERENCE / JOB DESCRIPTION
POSITION TITLE: Environmental Impact Specialist, [INSERT PROJECT NAME]
LOCATION: Dhaka, Bangladesh
REPORTS TO: [INSERT THE POSITION, CHIEF OF PARTY or OTHER]
PERFORMANCE PERIOD: [INSERT PERIOD, SPECIFY WHETHER IT IS A FULL OR PART TIME POSITION]
ELIGIBILITY: [US or LOCAL HIRE]
PROGRAM SUMMARY:
[INSERT PROGRAM ACTIVITY SUMMARY]
POSITION SUMMARY:
USAID policy requires implementing organizations to ensure their program activities do not have anegative impact on the environment. This is done primarily through detailed analyses of programactivities to identify potential impacts, and the development and implementation of mitigation andmonitoring measures to minimize and monitor these risks.
[PROJECT X] is required to follow environmental determinations specified in the USAID approved IEE[INSERT IEE DCN NUMBER], which outlines the activities with the potential for negativeenvironmental impacts, and specifies actions to minimize the risk of these activities. TheEnvironmental Impact Specialist will be responsible to ensure that the IEE requirements areimplemented by the project team, including sub contractors and grantees if applicable, and that allenvironmental impact analyses are completed as required by the IEE.
ESSENTIAL RESPONSIBILITIES [THIS IS AN ILLUSTRATIVE LIST, IT SHOULD BE COMPLETED BASEDON THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE IEE]:
Work with program staff to implement the measures outlined in the [PROJECT X] IEE[INCLUDE ALL APPLICABLE], that includes develop, implement, monitor, report on, andupdate, as appropriate, the:
o Environmental Due Diligence report (EDD)o Environmental Monitoring and Mitigation Plan (EMMP) and Environmental Manual
(EM)o Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safe Use Action Plan (PERSUAP)o Scoping Statement (SS) and Environmental Assessment (EA)
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Ensure that all program activities consider potential environmental impact and address anyenvironmental concerns;Conduct evaluation of potential environmental impacts in …[e.g. construction], and ensuredetailed engineering studies are completed for structures address environmental concerns;Coordinate as necessary with the GOB to process all documents required to obtain requiredenvironmental clearances and ensure compliance with relevant GOB environmentalprotection regulations;Work with the [PROJECT X] grant and contracts team to incorporate required environmentalmitigation measures into grant and sub contract documentation and projectimplementation;Assist [PROJECT X] staff in monitoring the implementation of [INSERT EMMP, PERSUAP orEA] during operation of the program, including regular visits to…[agricultural, rehabilitationand/or construction sites];Report on the implementation of [EMMP, PERSUAP, EA] as part of program quarterlyreports, and as otherwise appropriate;Ensure timely completion of all EMMP related deliverables and periodic reporting required bythe EMMP;Develop training materials and provide training to and build the capacity of localimplementing partners (including sub contractors, grantees, community basedorganizations, project staff, and GOB counterparts, as necessary) on the requirements of the[EMMP, PERSUAP, EA] and national environmental regulations and how to comply withmitigation measures specified;Lead the inclusion of environmental compliance tasks, e.g. training, monitoring, reporting,updates, etc., in the annual implementation plan; and,Carry out other tasks as designated by COP.
QUALIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS:
Education: Bachelor’s degree in Environmental Science and/or Management or EnvironmentalEngineering or
related field.Master’s degree preferred.
Experience:
At least 5 years of experience working as environmental specialist, with a focuson regulatory compliance, environmental monitoring methods, impact analysisand assessment;Experience in conducting trainings;Experience in writing Environmental Impact Assessment(s) (EIA);Experience working in….[e.g. parks or protected area infrastructure; conductingenvironmental assessments in the agriculture sector; and/or natural resourcemanagement];Knowledge of biological, water sciences, and/or the earth sciences ;Knowledge of Bangladesh environmental regulations required;Previous experience with donor funded projects preferred;
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Familiarity with USAID environmental guidelines is preferred
Skills:Proficiency with Microsoft Office;Should have strong analytical skills, be gender sensitive, and possess a proventrack record of working successfully in a variety of cultural contexts;Excellent interpersonal and community consultation skills;Excellent writing skills;Fluent Bangla and English language skills [speak, read, write]
