Efje ERIgWRfigV SMertisrIS FUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY BY

W. F. DURIS0E, Proprietor.TERMS.-Two DOLLARS per year. if paid

in advance-Two DOLLARS and FWTy CENTs ifnot paid in six month.-and TnREE DOLLARS ifnot paid before the expiration of the year. Allsubscriptions not distinctly limited at the time ofsubscribing, will be considered as made for an in-definite period, and will be continued until allarrearages are paid, or at the option of the Pub-lisher. Subscriptions from other States must beaccompanied with the cash or reference to someone known to us.ADVERTISEMENTS will he conspicuously inserted

at 75 cents per Square (12 lines or less.) fo'r the firstinsertion and 37 1-2 for each subsequent insertion.When only published Monthly or Quarterly, OneDollar per square wilbe charged. All Advertise-ments not having the desired inumber of insertionsmarked on the margin, will be continued untilforbid and charged accordingly.Those desiring to advertise by the year can do

so on liberal terms.-it being distinctly under-stood that contracts for yearly advertising are con-fined to the immediate, legitimate business of thefirm or individual contracting. Transient Adver-tisements tt--Et be paid for in advance.

For anrcutcing a Candidate, Three Dollars,in advance.For Advertising Estrays Tolled, Two Dollars,

to be paid by the Magistrate advertising.

Correspondence of the Charleston News.Congressional Proceedings.

WASINGTON, Dec. 22, 1850.Both branches of Congress are again keep-

ing holiday, and quite a numbcr of metabershave gone down in the steamboat to lountVernon, thinking, I suppose, that to be as

plesatult mode of etrning their eight dollarsper day as any.The choice of Mr. Rhett, as Senator, is con-

sidered by the friends of the South as a goodone. His former course in Congress hasshown him to be ani uncomnpromiintg chatmpi-on of her interests, and I know nany herewho like him best at a distance. Woe be tothe Free Soiler or Aboliionist who ias thehardihood to shake a lance at Iium. If theSouth had always sent such men as Ie, shewould at this day have been in a far more ad-vantageous position than she i-:.

In the House, on Monday, the Postage Re-duction bill will come up again. There areabout a score of atendments pending, but itis still thoughat that the three cent rate will beadopted.The next bill on the calendar is the bill to

amend the late Bounty Land Act, so as tomake the warrants assignable, and there is adisposition to make short work of it. I'henwill follow the New York Branch Mint bill,which however cannot, it is thoughtt, passwithout amendments providing Mints forother large cities. The bill of Mr. Mende,proposing a division of all the public landsamong the several States, has many support-ers, and he thinks lte has a sufficient numberof votes to carry it through the H u:e at le:.st.

- The Western miembers are considerablyalarmed, and will make a fierce resistance.

December 24.During the last forty-eight iours we have

hada first class hurricane, and the wind is stillraging with great fury, to the great detiimentof the fair sex, whont the present fahions re-

quire to carry a great detl of sail.Both branches of Congress met once more,tthr s eyidently disposition to set

yte(s or protection, ottt to asce rt .gy;erauds and abse t -

.seh~h disposal of some unimnportautmatters, the resolution offered last sessiotn by3Mr. Bradbury was taken up, and there beingno onte ready to speatk upon it. theavhohe mat-ter was postponed until next week.

'I he renmainder of the day was devoted tothe contsidlerattiont of thme bill introdttced by31ir. Freemont latst session, providintg for lhmesettlemtent of private lhmdn claims in Califor-niat. Without any) definite actiott thereon,the Senate adjoutrned until Thursday.

In the Ihouse, the bill to prescribe the man-ner of obtainitng evidence in eases of contest-ed elections, wvas debated and finatlly passed.

M1r. Stantly made an ineiretual tmoiont togrant Mr. Aia WVhitney thme use of the Hallfor the purpose of lecturing ont thme subject ofhtis Railroad to the Pacific. It was refused onthe ground thmat if he w~as atdmit ted for sucha putrpose, no other person having a projectbefore Congress could be refused.

Mr. Caldwell endeavored to itntroduce hisresolution to make the warrants under theBounty Latnd Act of last session, assignableprior to thme location of the latnd. Ohjectionbeing made, he moved a suspensiont of therules ; pendiing which motion the Ihouse ad-journed to Thursday.

3Mr. Robinson,echairman of the Select Conm-nmittee on the Bounty Lamd subject, says ltheCommaittee wvilh report in favor of making thewarrants assignable prior to location.The speeches of Senators arc ntow report-

ed mainly by boys of about fourteen yearsof age, wvho by adopting the phonogr:phmicsystem give as fauithftul reports as experiencedennwho still pratice the old system of ste-ndgraphty. The higher class of speakersalway'pi-efer these verbatim reports, but thesecond-rate members are anxious to havetheir arguments given in the Reporter's owntlanguage. WVere ttot thme latter plan fre-quently adopted, the country would be feast-ed with somne choice specimens of peculiareloquence.

It is to be hoped that the biul providing thmeremodelling of the Patent Laws, will not beagain lost for watt of time to consider it, forthe existing Act is most unjust ini its operam-tion, and gives the rich plunderer a parammountadvantage over the htonest inventor wvho hasnot money to answer appeals fromt coturt tocoutrt.

It is a curious fact that very frequently pa-tetnts are granted to ditTerent persons for thesame invention, the parties having had theirminds led into the same train of thoughtfronm the existence of thte same diflieulties.-.Thus, sonme time ago, a patent wats grantedfor a certaint Churn, but before this could havebeeni knownt far beyond the walls of the Pa-tent onloce, two other inventors, each fromdifferent paurts of the cottntry. had laid claimto the identical improvement. An interfer-enco was accordingly declared, and no soonerhad the decision been made in favor of thtepatentee, titan three other inventors werefottnd pressing their claims to the same itt-ve~ntiont. It presented atn unpresedented easein the history of the Patent Olhice, of sevenpersoms, each a bonazfide inventor, all claimingthe samne thing and about the samte time, andall from different portions of the country.

inf StLAVERY MovEMfENT IN CALIFORNI..The N. York Tribtune says that private advicsfrom Californis state that many of tho' cnpi-talists ini that State are making a move for a--hange in the constitution of Camliforntit, so ats

1oro "?eace Measures."We are to have, it appears, -another game

of conciliation and harnony and compromisefor this session, of which Mr. Clay, as a mat-ter of course, is the author. He is alwayssai ing the country. On Monday last, in pre-senting to the senate a petition praying a

niodification of the tariff of 184G."3r. Clay said that he hoped that now, as

there was an app:irent calmness upon the sur-

face of public affairs-a calmness which heh >ped was real, and would remain-that thesubject of the tariff of 1846 would bo takenup and acted on in a kind, a liberal, and friend-ly spirit; not taken up with any purpose ofreviving those high rates of protection whichformerly were established from variouscauses, but to look deliberately at its opera-tions, nd. without disturbing any of its es-

s ntial provisions, to ascertain whether theinention of fra uds and abuses could not bereached by some suitable legislation."On the former occasion Mr. Clay thought

it an excellent compromise for the South togive up every substantial interest and right.provided the 'North would condesend to takeit without expressly calling it the "XVilmotproviso." le now invites them to anothercompromise, in which they shall consent tothe renewal of protective tariff, on conditiontiat it shall be called an act for the preventionor frauds nd abuses!We all know whit it means. The Pro-

tectionists wish to snuggle the subject beforeICongress, and give their shape to it after-.vards. Their whole press has been laboringto that end for months. The President press-ed the protective policy upon Congress in hisMessage. The report of the Secretary ofthe Treasury is full of it. Mr. Clay is theorgan and head of the party in the Senate,and he is not ashiamed to sneak up to this sub-ject in the manner shown above.The prevention of frauds and abuses, for-

so ibi. The only frauds the protective partyca i be suspected of a willingness to prevent,are such as tend to diminish the revenue bythe smugrlinig of goods, or their low valua-tion. Hailve they forgotten the debates onithe passage of the tariff of 18-16 1 favet' cy forgotten that the then Secretary of theTrc.sury, Mr. Walker, made estiut es of therevenues to accrue from that measure, whichwere derided by ill the oracles of the protec-tive party, from Mr. Webster down to AbbotLawrence, as mere extravagance-little bet-ter than lunacy ? Let them look at the re-turns of revenue since then, and they willfind that Mr. Walker's calculations have notonly been equalled, but exceeded in everyyear, and the revenue is now far more than lieanticipated. Could there be a more conclu-sive evidence that it is in no sensible degreei jured by frauds? Doubtless there are pettyfrauds practised, as there always will be underevery revenue measure; but the protectiveparty will practice more fraud to get one tariffthrough Congress, than all the rogues of im-parters would contrive in a quarter of a cen-tury. And when by every species of trick,an: falsehood, and corrupt appliance in Coin-grew, they have gained their end, it will benu hing else than a legal commission to prae-ti:e fraud forever by the wholesale, on all thepeople of the United States.-Chas. Mer.

From the Augusta Constitutionalist.

-..P2tgpmy Papor.

.-Militfofiine hundred, the hat-tiri"eonehifon is generally correct, and al-though thme good pattronl, Mr. Stopipee, doesnot receive the patper at his residence, whereverhe pokes his nose the next imorningr it stareshint in the face. The paper is not dead, de'-t'unct. or suspended by the withdrawal of' hispatronage-bumt it ought to be, or should be.it' similar chatracters had cointrol of' the press.Trhe expenisc is too great f'or them, however.so to dIo,--theriefore the pr'ess remains, :tndshould renmain uni ramnmeled. We have qluitea number of' subscribers to our patper, atndfeel thankful to each one for his patroitage,but so far as subscription is concerned, it isbitt an item in the business line, that does ntotpay mneh more than cost. and if' we de~pendledon subscriptions for a liviimr, we would haveto furnish means at the cnd of the years forcarrying on our business.The above remarks are called forth by thme

following article. which we find in the NewOrleans Crescent of' the 20th inist. We wouldrespectully call the :atention of' our readersto it. It is writtetn int a pleasaint vien. andthere is more truth than poetry in the re-marks, so far as editors are concerned.ISTOP Mv IPAPER.-This is a very disagre('-

able use of the imperative tense; and editorsofteni lose their temper anid good manners, aswell its a subscriber. Now~we thinik a manhas a right to receive or refuse a paper, justs his taste, caprice orjudgemnent, may de-termtine. We think an editor has no right tocomplain-certainly not bring is grievancebefore his rematining readers. Editors toooften forget that their subscribers catn have nopossible inierest in these matters. We al-ways feel a pity for the family which losesouir weekly visit ;we know thte young ladieswill mis thec stories we tell-andI the olhlmaids will sigh for the sentimental poietr-and the ol~d mian himself', will begin, after awhile, to value our erop) articles. Trhey losea great deal more than we (do. But we neverthink of abusing the good man for spendinghis money just as he pleases. The othier daywe received a letter from one of our pet subh-scribers in Mobihe. It qumotes from a recentarticle of thie Crescent. "Yout ask," saty they',"what does thte South wvant ?" "We can onlyanswer for ourselves-we want our pape~rstop)ped !" And so, with a jest on their lips,our commercial friends cut our acquaintance.We regret to part wvith such funny fellows--more especially as they always paid in ad-vance. It' we only knew how to please every-body we should be delighted. Cant't Dr.Gilbert eut'e the loss of subscribers, or makenew onies come in place of theu~ old. Wheni-ever one drops off we feel atll the glories ofmartyrdom; we catch thme South Carolina fe-ver, and are all overish wvith patriotism.

GRAYITavILLE CLOTH.-We had the plea-sure of inspecting some speciments of twilledand plain wove cloth, from the GraunitevilleFactory, which will compare favorably, if notexcel, any thing of the kind that has comeunder our observation. This Factory is nowcompletely under way, and in a full tide ofsuccessful operation; and is, we learn, capai-ble of turnting out twelve thousand 'yards ofcloth per day. These goods can be sent to aNorthern market, atnd compete successfullywith Northtern goods ini their own market.Spiecimuens intended for the World's Fair inLomndon can be seen at thme store of Messrs.Hlowland & Taft, where we would advise thefrientds of -southern't industry and enterpriseto call atnd sat isfy themselves as to thme grow-ing resources anid capjabilities of the South.-

EDGEFIELD, 8. C-

THURSDAY, JANUARY 2, 1851.

FWE owe an apology to our readersfor the meagre Editorial in this, and some ofthe late numbers of our Paper. Absenceand indisposition have prevented the Editorfrom giving his usual attention to Editorialbusiness.

Mr CosNxass has taken its usual recess

during the Holidays. Our readers will findCongressional items in another column.

C7 ATTENTION is invited to the sale of"Depot Lots" at the Greenwood Depot, ofthe Columbia and Greenville Rail Road, totake place at Greenwood, in Abbeville Dis-trict, on the 22d inst.

" WE Call the attention of our readersto the notice.of the COKESBURY FEMALE IN-STITUTE, to be found in another column.

CLEAR SPRING ACADEMY,In the Editorial reference to the advertie-

ment of this Academy, in our last numberbut one, a mistake occurred, which we bog tocorrect. The Academy is not on Long Cone,but is situated in a remarkably healthy ridgecountry between Long Cane and Little Riverin Abbeville District. It is conducted byMr. J. L LxsLY, who has long experience.as a classical Teacher, and whose capacity forinstructing youth, is very high and veryrare. We speak from personal knowledge.Parents wi-hing to send their sons to an In-stitution at which they may be remote fromtemptation, and where they may be well pre-pared for college, or may receive an excellentacademical education, cannot, we know, makechoice of a better school than Clear SpringAcademy.

JENNY LIND.This Swedish Nightingale has been sing-

ing to crowded houses in Charleston. TheCharlestonians have not made quite as muchnoise, nor have the Charleston Papers puffedso extravagantly, as our Northern brethrenand contemporaries, on the appearance of therenowned Swede; but in this, they haveshown we think better judgment and purertaste. They do not the less admire and ap-preciate the heavenly music of the fair canta-trice. JENNY, we understand, sails fromCharleston to Ilavanna. She has done manycharities in our country. May the blessingof God attend her!

From the Colunbia Telegraph.Seven Days Later from Europe.

ARRIVAL OF THE BALTIC.

6ons fe^er. n .

are quiet and tirum. . ae at 937.-No change has taken ..., on any species ofAmerican stocks.The P'olitical intelligence brought b~y the

Baltie is uninterestingr, the onily item beingthat German aflairs wore a mocre peaceful as-

peQct.We learnm that thme Baltic's passenigers have

reached L'ostoa byv Railroad.

Fom, the San Franei~sco Daily Herald, Nov. 12.Dm:arnm oF MR R.r.P BEI.L.--DIctl, in this

cit v. of cholera, on thle 9th instanit, Mr. RaulphBell, aged :25 yeamrs. late of Charleston, (S. C.)To a host of friendls in the " Palmetto

State,' this sad announIIIcementO will be receiv-ed with t he deepest sorrow. One well be-loved by his associates, and standing high inithe esteem of his fellow-eitizens, has beencalled from life. A chivalrous spirit has fled-:m generous heart has ceased to be. Hishome will knowv him no more!In the late war with Mexico, when the Pal-

metto Regimnent wa~s forme(d, Mr. Bell waselected Second Lieutennt of the CharlestonCompamv. Dum ing the campJaign he wa en-abked to Iperform) ellicient service for his coun-try, and led the forlorn hope at the stormingot Chaplultapee. Hlis gaillant bearing at thattitne, won for him unfalding laurels, and lhewas presented by his unitive city with a swordas an :neknowlcdgment dlue from an admiringpeople to a brave soldier. At thme commence-mnt of the emigration to California. ho wvasone of the first to seek the shores of El Dora-do, and he had for the past eighteen monthsbeen enigaged in thec mines.In Mr. Beli's short illness, friends adimiims-

teredl to him, and every thing that hope couldsugest was resorted to, to saty the hand ofthe. dread Destroyer-but all in vaiin. Life'sfitful fever is over, and the turf rests abovethe honored (dead. J. 1- HI.

An Act to Prohibit Dotting on Eloections.Be it enacted by the Senate aind H-ouse of

Representatives, nowv met amnd sitting ini Gen-eral Assembly, and by the authority of thes:ne, That any plersotn who shall, hereafter,make any bet or wager of money, or wvagerof anmy other thing otf value, or shill hereafterhave any share or~part in aniy bet, or wagerof money, or wager of any other thing ofvalue, upon01 any election in this State, shallbe deemed guiity of a misdemeanor, an~d up-on convictioni in any Court of Session in tinsState, shall be fitned ini a snum not exceedingfive hundred dollaers, and be imprisoned notexceeding one tmonth; one half of thie fineto go to the informer, and the other half tothe use of the State.Ratitied Dec. 20th 1850.

NF.W POST OFrtCrs.-The following newpost oilices have been established in thisState:

" Willow Creek," Marion District, ThomasW. Lane P'ostmaster." Friemndield," Marion District, Moses WV.

Brown Postmaster." Zeno," York District, A. A. McKenzio

Postaster."Clay Hill," York District, John Watson

Post tmaster."Natural Grove," Williamsburg District,

Win. HI. Cockhield Postm:mster.

gr IT is stated that the Cunard Companyintend building three newv steamers of 2000tons and 1050 horse power eatch-the Asia,the crack ship at present, being '2400 tons and

Conference of the ZEI.. Church.TiE South Carolina An tal Conference

of the Methodist Episcopal. Church, South,Bishop PAMNE presiding, clo a very harnionious and pleasant sessioi: Wadesboro, on

Monday evening last. The following are theappointments of the Preach for the ensuingyear: .4

CHARLESTON DICT.C. Betts, Presidin ~Elder.

Charleston-Cumberlan ~W. A. Game-well.

Do Trinity-W M Swain.Do Bethel-C H .ritehard.Do St. James-Jhn R Pickettt.

Black Swamp-AM Chritzberg, J J Flem-ming.

Savannah River Missio4~ L Banks. R.Bunch.

Walterboro-P A M Villiams, W WJones.

Combaibice and Ashepo ission-J R Co-burn, D May.

Oakette Mission-Jos4 Warnock.Orangeburg-W CrookiW W Mood.Barnwell-P G Bowi, T Razor, G W

Moore, Superannuated. IGraniteville and Aiken-1 M Mood.Cypress-J W Kelly, fAfood.Pon Pon Mission-W 0 Kirkland.Cooper Rivr-E L Kity, W Hutto.Cooper River Mission-rT E Ledbetter.Beaufort and Prince Wliamu's Mission-C

3cLeod, C 0 Lamotte.Edisto Jehossee'and lenwiek Island-C

Wilson, H A Bass.St. Andrews Mission-4o be supplied.Editor of Southern Christian Advocate-

Wim M Wightman.Missionaries to Chin C Taylor and B

Jenkins.CoKESBURY STRICT.

S Leard, Presidg Elder.Cokesbury-A V V iker, C A Crowell,

A P Avant.Edgcfield-S H Bro , one to be suppliedPendleton-A B M ilvary, S IH Dun

woody.Piekens-J Finger.2Paris Mountain-.Di lliard.Greenville Station-A M Foster.Greenville Circuit-SM Green,W 1II am

mond.Union-R J Boyd, G WV Ivy.Laurens-S Townsena, J V Miller.Newberry-C Murelh'on-,E Pennington.Mount Tryon Missiol N Bouchell.

COLUMBIA ISTRICT.S. W. Capers, Ptesiding Elder.

Columbia: Washing on street Church-Whiteford Smith.

Marion street Churc-J L Mitchell.Congaree Mission-Win Martin.Lexington-D Derrik, J. Cilgore.Columbia Circuit-JIW J Harris.Winsboro-A Mcvorquodale, J Menar

die.Lancaster-John A Porter.Camden-Il C Pars.s.Darlington-W 11 F)eming, D W Seal.Sumterville-N Tal g, J North.Sumter-H Spann.,Wateree MissiggrD G McDaniel, A

Canthan.St. Matheds-Willtmson Smith.

GEORGETOWN DISTRICT.T R Walsh, 4esiding Fuer.

'. tonwn--JamqC-_

plied..Wa~desboro-C S Walker, WV B .soon.Albemnarle-W S Haltomn.W~aceamaw Mlission-J A Miick, A P

Ma:rtina.S:nnpit-WX Carson.Society Hill Missio.-J A Mood.

LINCOLNTON DISTRICT.HI H Durant, Presiding Elder.

Charlotte-A G Stacr.Charlotte Circl--D 3 Simmons, J IM

Falkner.Pleasant Grove-WV C Patterson.Concord-S D) Laney.Lineolnton-J HI Zimmerman.Spantenburg Station-J HI Wheeler.Spartanburg Circuit-M P'uek~ett.Rutherford-P F Kistler.Catawba-L Scarboronugh.Shly-O A Chrieizberg.Morga'nton-J L Shuford.MtcDowell-R P Franks.Lenoir-D McDonald.Yorkville-L M Little.

WVILINGTON DISTnICT.WV Barringer, Presiding Elder.

Wilmington: Brick Church-W G ConnerBladan-J HI Robinson, D) Byers.Favetteville Station-W P Mouzon.Fayetteville Circuit-A Irvin.Rockingham-W L Pegues.Montgomery-A L Smith, A M Rush.Cape Fear Mission-J T Munds.Hugh E Osborn and WV Bares, Superannu

ated.WV T Capers and D D Cox, left without up,

pointmnents, in consequence of ill health.Next Conference to be held at Georgetown

S. C.

NEWV METHODIST CoLLEGE.-FromI a cor.respondent's letter in the Pickens Courier, welearn that the late Mr. Wofford, of Spartanburg, who had long been a minister of the de'nomination, has devised the sum of $50,000,to be held by 13 gentlemen, mostly ministers,in trust for the South Carolina Confereneeto found a College in Spartanburg District:"The College when completed is to be

transferred by these Trustees to the samnenumber of Trustees, who shall be appointedby the South Carolina Conference ot theMethodist E. Church, under whose chargeand supervision it was designed by the testatortheInstitution should be placed, and the ap.pointment of these Trustees by that body to

be made biennially. The further sum of fiftythousand dollars (850,000) is also given bythe Testator, to the same gentlemen (or per.haps to thte trustees to ho appointed by theConference) in trust, to be by them investedin such stocks or in such mnanner as shall bedeemed most advantageous, the interest andi

profit of which is to be appropriated ainnuallyto the payment of the expenses of professor-ship," &e.

ACCDENT.-The. Atlanta Rcpublic of the26th says :-On W~ednesday morning, before

day, a party of young men were engaged iifiring a cannon, when Mr. D. N. Poor, the bamggage master of the Georgia Railroad, wasshokingly mangled by the accidental dis-charge of the gun while loading. His wounndmarenot considered mortal, though the injury

is very serious.

g. THEn French Government have recentlv ordered that the white paint used in pupilieiuildings shall henceforth be made of whiitezinc, and not of white lead, as white lead

.~blieved1tonbe nernircious to health,

From the Columbia Telegraph, Dec. 25.Accident on the Charlotte and South

Carolina Rail Road.It is due to the public that at brief account

of the accident which happened on this roadto-day, should be given, in order that the va.rious rumors which have been set afloat inregard to it may be corrected, and for thatpurpose the following facts are briefly sub-mitted: Our passenger-train left Columbiadepot at the usual hour, with some twentypassengers, among whom was myself, andand proceeded about ten miles without anyappearance of derangement. The engine andbaggage-car had entered a few paces on thethe trestle of Elkins' mill, and the passenger-ear was just about to enter, when it was dis-covered,from the constant humping of thewheels on the crossties, that they had gottenoff the track. The train proceeded a distanceof about 150 feet, and the engine had justcome to a halt, when two of the ends of theerossties gave way, and precipitated the pas.senger-car alone from an elevation of ninetyfeet into the pool.The ear fell bottom upwards and slantwise,

thus enabling the passengers to get outthrough the windows. All the passengerewere more or less bruised, and Gen. Owenssustained a dislocation of his arm and a toler-able severe cut on his forehead-medical adwas promptly afforded by Drs. Toland andGibbes, and :al I of the passengers who escapedfrom the car were pronounced altogether outof danger. Upon examination it was- ascertained that Mr. Nicholas Gibson, Depot agenIat Winnsboro','an infant ofMr. and Mrs. Pow-ell, and a servant girl of Mr. Lyles were killecby the accident, and were supposed to hav<come to their deaths, the two former by violent contusions and the latter by drowning.Upon an investigation of the cause whiel

led to the accident, it wasaseertained that thtrack had been detached, from some unknowrcause, and lodged in front of the wheel on thfiron rait, and was the cause of the car beinithrown from the track. These are the fact!as noticed during the progress of the accidentand subsequent to it. The trestle received n<

injury whatever, and two trains passed immediately over iED. G. PALEER, President.

In addition to the above, I deem it my dut'to state, that the ears were examined thilmorning, before leaving the depot, und a]were in good order. The engine was ilcharge of an experienced and careful persorand was going very slowly at the time-wastopped as soon as it was discovered that thwheels were off the track; but too late tavoid the accident.

I cannot allow the occasion to pass withouexpressing my thanks to Messrs. Toland an

Gibbes, for their promptness in repairing tthe place as soon as sent for, and for their eficient aid to the suffers ; also, to Mr. and MrElkins who cheerfully rendered every aid itheir power.

V. M. STOCTON, Chief Engineer.Columbia, Dec. 24th, 1850.

W. ~Knd the following paragraph in thBaltimore Sun;

It is stated that the Odd Fellows in NeYork contemplate giving a public expres'of sentiment in relation to the disor'movements now on foot. A meetc~ thme lodges has beenm held, 1'

n.c. to be opened w

ibite odfabl*the

of eharity and b.. act of suicide in it

cal matters. if' the Union is in danger, OdiFellowship or Masonry cannot save it, am4such an expression, as indicated above, woulihe the entering wedge of a disruption of thOrder.-Caroliniani..

Gaitherings.Ef"71 FaEET NERrmo.s.-The cen.sreturn

of 18-10, show that the numnber of free ncgroes in the Free States was 170,739, and thinumbehjr of free negroes in the Slave Statewas 215,738: showing the ra:jority of frenegroes, ini the Soumtherni States to be 44.90i

Since 18410, the number of free negroes, ccourse has much ineresed, but the relativproportion is about the same. In the Southmany fiec negroes are owners of slaves an'raise cotton.

W WE regret to state, says the ColumiTeleg~.raph, that a tire occurred at the plant:tioni of our esteemed fellow-citizen, Mr. J1. 1Clark, in this Dtriet, on Monday the 23instant, causi-.z t1.- destruction of his barrstables, corn. ..i, :oud fodder. The cause cthe tire could not be :seertained, but wasupposed to be thme resumt'ot accident.

Ef TELEGRA1-u UNDER XVATER.-Therare thrce lines of sub marine telegraph wireiworking operaition under the Hudson Riveifour under the Connecticut, two under thlDeleware, and eight under the Harlem rivcAll coated with gutta-percha. And one, oO'Riemlys line, under tihe river at Chicago.W GUTT PEneHA.-We know of n

substance, says the ScientifiecAmerican, whiehas conme into such general use, in suchshort time, as this. It is nOW used for pipeswhips, shoe soles, picture frames, &., bulperhapse, its most useful application is thcoating of the teldgrahie wires.

W- A "DISTRAeTED MIxNER" writes frotCalifornia the following passionate appeal:"Send out orn the Quarternoon wceemei

you kan, as there are thousands of wvealh:~Sackraymentoroans dying to get Married, anmto enjoy the Nupshall'Ti im orl its witheri:influents !"

(f- TirE WAsIHNGTON National Menument is nowv eighty feet from time surface o

tihe ground, and is expected to be two feehigher before the close of the season.

Mr. Jusrus S3InTu is still devoting his attention to tea culture in South Carolina.-Tihe plants are nowv well established and aremaiking rapid progress towards maturity. Hhas received, this year, direct from China,:quantity of lhants, which arrived in good condition, and almoest all are living and doingwell, lie appears very sanguine of success

Earri~oY$1EsTS.-By the U. S. census o:

18-46,it was ascertained thmat there were, athat time in this country, 3,719,851 personmemployed in agricultural pursuits; 791,959 iimnufuactuires; 117,607 ini commerce ; 15,211in Inining; 56,021 navigat ing tihe ocean; 33,076 in internal navig'ation; and 65,255 at th4learned professions.ggrIDLENES.-Thie elder John Adami

has left thme following ungallant record on hi:diary:""Friday, Saturday,Sunday, Monday-all spent in absoute idleness, or, which iwvorse, gallanting the girls.":7 A Srur in the Persian Gulf, in thi

course of twenty months, hand her coppeencased with living coral to the thickness o

Direct Trade.

Every thing tends auspiciously in this di-rection. Public enterprise is fully awakenedto its advantages throughout the SouthernAtlantic section of the Union. Charleston is

rapidly assuming her true commercial posi-tion, as the centre of direct trado to EuroreShe must become the emporium of the SouthWest..The Legislature of South Carolinahas given an impulse to the spirit of enter-prise, which is responsive to the public voice.It extends the arm of help to the associatedcapital which has boldly conceived theselcmeof steam navigation across the Atlantic, con-

necting Charleston socially, commercially,and politically, with her natural allies of theWest. The late act, lending $125,000 to theAtlantic Steam Navigation Company, forfive years, without interest, is a measure oflarge liberality. It will compare with anynet of a similar character in the annals of le-gislation. It meets the spirit in which theLegislature of Tennessee has acted by itslarge subscription to the Nashville Rail Road,while it is the complement to that other actof public liberality, the subscription of theCity of Charleston to the same enterprise.These are measures that work together in

happy correspondence-that operate in thesame line of improvement. What are railroads without steam navigation to perfectforeign commerce ? What, in this view, israpidity of transportation on land, withoutcommensurate rapidity and regularity of tran-sit on sea? What is the value of -that inter-course which connects Charleston with theValley of the Mississippi, if she is not com-mercially connected with those markets offoreign supply which directly afford the equi-valents for her exports. Liverpool andCharleston have the same natural affinitieswhich bring Charleston into connection withNashville and the towns in the interior.But to render that trade mutually beneficial

-to bring these points into direct and perma-nent intercourse-the markets on the Atlan-tic, which are supplied with stocks from Eu-rope, brought within reach of inland mer-

chants, with the precision of steam-requirea correspondent spirit on the part of purchas-ers, fully to carry out this scheme of DirectTrade. Of what ultimate benefit would bethe most perfect system of direct intercourse,if the arrangements are to terminate in insuf-ficient purchases by our inland traders? IfIheavy stocks are laid in here, at regular peri-ods, equal in prices, terms of credit and as-

sortments, to what can be obtained elsewhere,while supplies are purchased in Charlestonsparingly, such trade will soon cease to pre-sent inducements for its continuance. It fol-lows that steam navigation, rail roads, andall the other appliaices of direct trado, willnot fully extend their advantages, unless thegreat body of the merchants in the interiorenter into the scheme with the heartiness, thezeal, e public spirit that characterize thosewho nture their capital, expend their ener-

gy and perfect their arrangements, in the hopeof building tp on sure and broad foundationsthe fabric uf Free Trade.-Charleston Eve-ning News .

NORTH CAtoLINA.-The majority. of thespecial committee on, slavery in the NorthCarolina Legislature, of which Romulus"M

- chairman, has made a report oni in the compromise

essions the

'uter £duthidnrsfid giny t rhiir~ae.th

h 'u h es

ao ~'Mtild~hp sevral tes, is"tha ofwat 'opdrati of the-General Governument, and ' 'l.aer citi-zens from unconstitutional ab on the onehand,:m seuigto them, o e other, a

srcfuiment of the obligations tmposed bythe constitution upon thec General Govern-

Resoired, That the people of North Caroli-na, as an organized politieal community, havethe right to secede or withdra~w from theUnionm, whenever a majority of the people, iniConvention assemnbled, shaall decide a with-drawal necessary to protect their property erpersons from unconstitutional and oppressiveSLegislation by the General Government, erwhenuever, by the failure of the General Gov-.ernent to fulfil her conastitutional obliga.tions, the people of the State may deem sneha step necessary, in order to secure the enjoy.menat of righats, privileges and protectiorguarantied to them by the constitution of theUnited States; and in such an emergencyam ajority of the people of North Carolina,acting through the organized authorities o.thei Staite, wvould be entmtled to the sole andundivided allegiance of all her citizens.

IDIsGRACEFUL PROCEEDINOs IN ILLTNOI-ALxos-r A RIoT.-PEoRI.1, Ill., Dec. 19, 1850.Our city wvas thrown into much excitement to-day. Tihe execution of Brown and Williamafoi the murder of Mr. Hewett, was to havetaken place yesterday, but an order from theGovernor, received on Wednaesday, it was ex.tended to the 15th of January next. This notbeing generally known nor credited, largemasses of this atnd adjoining counties, assem.bled to witness the excution, and being disappointed in their expectations, a proportionof thaem resolved that the persons should beexecuted forthwith, and urged on by excitinapeeches, they got possession of the senifoli

,from the jail yard, and erected it in the street,Sin front of the jail. They then effeicted anantrance by jerking the doors and locks; andproceeded with crowbars, scantling and otherimplements, to the cells, where they met withresistance from Brown, who, althougha shackl-ed, as soon as the cells were opened, steppodinto the halt, disarmed a few of the mobbers,

bytkn erm them thei crowbars and scant-aigbarredf his cell on the inside, and defiedthem. He broke the seantling over the mob-bers, and gave them other striking illustra-rtion of his entire disapproval of such unlawfulproceedings. The prisoners were again se-ured in the cells, and before dark the crowvddispersed.Thus resulted, what at first all supposed

would be a most tragical and disgraceful af-fair. The mob fell back, and a few of our cit.izens dropping in at this juncture, preventedfurther violence.

TuHE FIRsT FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW.-TheBoston Post has the following bit of politicalhistory:"The Fugitive Slave Bill of 1792 was

drafted by George Cabot, of Massachusetts,in November, and it was passed by the Sen-ate on thec 18th of January uanimmously,fourteen from free and thirteen from slaveStates voting for it. The House committee,Theodore Sedgwick and Sheerjashub Bourne,aofMassachusetts, and Alexfander White, ofVirginia, reported that bill to the body, bywicha it was passed on the 5th of Februaryv,without discussion. Eight Free States wererepresented by thirty-one votes, six slaveState by twenty-four votes; free State ma-ajority, seven. The'bill received forty-eightyeas to seven nays. Massachusetts gave sixyeas to one nay. Thias recordl shows that there tats passed the first Fugitive BRill"

Consolidation or Disunion.Our choice must be between the two. The

tendency of all power is to run from the handsof the many to the few-and for Representa-tive forms of government to gmdualfy changeinto the consolidated. This is most foreiblyevidenced in our own govermnuent. Everysession of Congress furnishes a new assump-tion of power, and that power the power ofamajority. Theconstitution-in spirit forgot-ten-and inletter strained to serve sectionalpurposes, and a laying down of principles,upon which hereafter to build a system of op-pressive measures. The North,with an over-whelming vote, is already able to direct legis-Iation, and with her vast masses of political.demagogues and half socialist population-her foreign emigration and crowds of paupers-she would gkdly hang on to th-Union inorder to draw a sustenance from the South.But it has ever been the policy of the Southto oppose anything like consolidation-thiswould express a preference for small govern-.ments, and then come up the quere, which isbetter for the people, large or small govern--.ments? Large governments it must be-recol-lected have as their natural tendency, consoli-dation. Small ones the reverse. In large-governnents individual excellence and private,enterprise are lost in the mass, and all eyesare turned to the success ofgrand governmen-tal schemes, forgetting that no mountain, how-ever large, but what is composed of particles-no ocean but what is made up of drops,and no grand scheme but owes its success tothe correctness of the primary causes. Insmall governments the reverve is the case.-Individual effort gains observation; emula-tion improves particulars. Each man feels hehas an influence, he is not lost in governmen-tal consolidation of effort, but he feels himselfan active constituent part ofsociety, who mustassist in the move, and not himself be bornoalong by the mass. Thus it was while thePersian Empire was crumbling beneath itsown weight-the smallest and active States-ofSparta and Athens were settling in the cor-onet of History the names of Homer, Lycen-gus, Solon, Mitiades, Leonidas. Aristole andPlato. And throwing in never fading colorsupon the canvass of the past Thermopylmeand Marathon. Our government is too large-lessen it by disunion. Let the North withher mobracracy and isms be the Persia of theWest, and let us profit by the past while wemay. that the South may give to the westernwor-ld an Athens and a Sparta.-Cam. Jour-nal.

ARnEST FoR NFGRO STEALING.-Our fellow-citizen, Mr. W. WRIGHT, (says the SavannaltGeorgian,) arrested on Saturday last, a stran-ger who calls him'elf CHAs. GREIGER, iacharge of negro stealing. Greiger applied toMr. Wright, to sell him a negro man, when thollatter, believing the negro to have been stolen,made the arrest. The boy was demanded ves-

terday as the property of the late Col. Wal-ter, of Walterboro'. S. C., and the prisonerhas been remanded to Jail to await his trial atthe next term of the court. Thisis the fourthtime this this Year, that attempts' have beei

Xi_0natta11can and iiievery case his Jscernmen an gooment has enabled him to defeat the

FUGrTVE S.AvE CAsE PiNgwYEWe.havehad brave proniis om.

ople'and presses ofolitwith-w

the fugitr erea~nen h test,'every

yaiiwkensters for,

I s.tified,

yond cavil."The defence,se.

before the commissio tohabeas corpus from the Supreme ofNew York, and thus toolE the ease outohands of the United States commissioner.The writ had not been returned at last-ne-counts...There was great excitement (but no vio-

lence attempted) among the citizens, and itwas found uccessary for two hiundred police-men to accompany thie fugitive to the Toombs.-South Carolinian.

A man in Boston has been fihned five dol-lars and d~seharged for brutally whipping hiswife so uz to do her a serious injiury.

The-N. Y. Daiy Book thinks the conscieneoof the South ou'ght not to~ he satisfied withthis administration of the social justice of Bos-ton. Had it been a South Carolina masterpunishing his negro Boston philanthropywould have been in a fury of excitement, andmeetings would have been held at FaneuilHall to denounce the perpetration of such in-humanity, and demand that Newv Englandshould be cleared of the sin of confederatingwith States where such things are permitted.Why, then, not establish a society in theSouth toprotest against the Boston practiceof whipping white wives at five dollars a piece,and to declare that the Southern States can-not in 'conscience' permit this'disgrace to fallupon them as members of the confederney ?

THE Co~cER.--MISs Jenny Lind was wel-comned last night by an array of beauty andfashion, such as has'seldom been seen withimthe walls of our theatre. In addition to our

..wn citizens, some of the fairest forms andbrightest intellects of our neighbor (weshould like to call her sister) State of Geor-gin, graced with their presence the occasion.She was greeted on her appearance with lessenthusiasm than she has been, perhaps, ac-customed to, and, the chilliness of the audi-ence seems in some degree to be imparted tothe singer; but this wvas of brief duration,and as the feelings of her hiearers melted underher thrilling tones, and the artless witcheryof her manner, and found vent in irrepressi-ble bursts of enthusiasm, a genal Smile ilh:i-mined her features, and gush after gush ofdelicious melody was poured forth with a

joyousness and abanaon that thrilled and en-.chanted the audience.-Mercury.MAI. RcnRERY.-A Washington dispatch

received at Philadelphia states that about sixthousand dollars, in tea and twenty dollarbills, on the Merchants' Bank of Cheraw, S.-C., have been stolen from the mails. The billsbear date of Sept. 9, 1850, and are the onlyones of that date that have been issued by theBank.

EDITOn DRoWNED.-Mr. John McCormiek,late editor of the Montgomery Flag 4- Adrer-tiser, was drowvned on Wednesday, the 25thinst, by the capsizing of' a sklf, while cross-ing the river opposite Montgomery,in comn-pany with Mr. John W. Hughes. '~Ihese gen-tlemen had been over the river gunning, andon their return homeward this accidenit occur-red. Mr.Hughes escaped to the shore,-Chas.Sun.

FIRE IN PHILADELPIA.-On Monday the30th ult., the building in whish the offiees ofthe Public Ledger (newspaper) arc kept, isnow on fire, the three upper stories havingbeen -already consumed.LATER.-The Ledger Building haslbeen to-

tally destroyed, involving a loss of 8150,000.