Efficient Generation of Electricity .
-
date post
22-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
2
Transcript of Efficient Generation of Electricity .
Efficient Generation of Electricity
www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans
ThermodynamicsCannot win, can only break even
Cannot reach absolute zero
Can only break even at absolute zero
Goal
Increase as far as is possible, the maximum temperature in the cycle
i.e. better materials & engineering
Charpy
fatigue
oxidation, corrosion
tensile, creep
critical stress intensity
MULTIPASS ARC WELD
L.-E. SVENSSON
C, Mn, Si, Ni, Mo, Cr, V, Nb, Ti, Al,
N, O, P, S B, …..
Casting, forging …..
welding parameters and processes
prolonged heat treatments
cost
The Variables
thermodynamics
kinetics
cost models
microstructure
bayesian neural
networks
alloy design
oxidation
validation
processing
Nickel base alloy FT750dc
wt%
40 m
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Temperature / °C
Yie
ld s
tres
s /
MP
aTancret & Bhadeshia,
2002
FT750dc
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1 2 3 4 5 6
log (t /h)
rup
ture
str
ess
/ M
Pa
Tancret & Bhadeshia,
2002
ferritic alloy C wt%
Cole & Bhadeshia,
2002
650 oC
Mechanically Alloyed
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Metals
Fe-20Cr-5Al-0.5Ti-0.3 yttria
wt%
90% reduction
Capdevila & Bhadeshia, 2000
Capdevila & Bhadeshia, 2000
Helical grains
Capdevila & Bhadeshia, 2000
thermodynamics
kinetics
cost models
microstructure
bayesian neural
networks
alloy design
oxidation
validation
processing
Problems
• During the development of these models, we have discovered some fundamental difficulties with theory
• In particular, theory dealing with small driving forces
diaz del Castillo & Bhadeshia, 2001a
diaz del Castillo & Bhadeshia, 2001a
Conclusions
• There has been progress in predicting alloy behaviour
• Much more progress needed in theory
• Oxidation models?